Fair Value Disclosures

Determination of Fair Value:

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” ASC Topic 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

ASC Topic 820 provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

Fair Value Hierarchy:

ASC Topic 820 also establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments.

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values based on the short-term nature of the assets. Cash and cash equivalents are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Securities: Fair values are estimated using pricing models and discounted cash flows that consider standard input factors such as observable market data, benchmark yields, interest rate volatilities, broker/dealer quotes, and credit spreads. Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs.

The carrying value of restricted investments approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of the restrictive entities.

Loans: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for fixed-rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, using market interest rates for comparable loans. Fair value for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cashflow analyses of underlying collateral values where applicable. Generally, Level3 inputs are utilized in this estimate.

Deposits: The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposits, savings deposits, and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cashflow calculation that applies market interest rates on comparable instruments to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits. Generally, Level 3 inputs are utilized in this estimate.

Note 7. Fair Value Disclosures, Continued

Fair Value Hierarchy (Continued):

Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase: The carrying value of these liabilities approximates their fair value.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings: The fair value of the FHLB fixed rate borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows, based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Level 3 inputs are used in this estimate.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are made using variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and the fair value are immaterial for disclosure.

Measurements of Fair Value:

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):



	Balance as of September 30, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)	$	18,288	$	—	$	18,288	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	112,548		—		112,548		—
Municipal securities	7,792		—		7,792		—
Total securities available-for-sale	$	138,628	$	—	$	138,628	$	—



	Balance as of December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)	$	22,743	$	—	$	22,743	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities:	136,021		—		136,021		—
Municipal securities	7,649		—		7,649		—
Total securities available-for-sale	$	166,413	$	—	$	166,413	$	—

SmartFinancial has no assets or liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. Additionally, there were no transfers between Levels in the fair value hierarchy.

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which means the assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The tables below present information about assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 which are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.



	Balance as of September 30, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	$	192	$	—	$	—	$	192
Foreclosed assets	2,536		—		—		2,536

Note 7. Fair Value Disclosures, Continued

Measurements of Fair Value (Continued):



	Balance as of December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	$	160	$	—	$	—	$	160
Foreclosed assets	5,358		—		—		5,358

For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements are presented below (in thousands).



	Balance as of September 30, 2016		Valuation Technique	Significant Other Unobservable Input	Weighted Average of Input
Impaired loans	$	192	Cash Flow	Evaluation of Collectability	—	%
Foreclosed assets	2,536		Appraisal	Appraisal Discounts	29.5	%

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,587	$	58,587	$	79,965	$	79,965
Securities available for sale	138,628		138,628		166,413		166,413
Restricted investments	4,451		4,451		4,451		4,451
Loans, net	792,178		804,515		723,361		721,338

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	145,509		145,509		131,419		131,419
Interest-bearing demand deposits	152,216		152,216		149,424		149,424
Money Market and Savings deposits	271,259		271,259		236,901		236,901
Time deposits	291,857		292,376		340,739		342,873
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	24,202		24,202		28,068		28,068
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings	43,048		43,052		34,187		34,169

Loans considered impaired under ASC 310-10-35, “Receivables”, are loans for which, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans can be measured based on the present value of expected payments using the loan’s original effective rate as the discount rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent.

Note 7. Fair Value Disclosures, Continued

Measurements of Fair Value (Continued):

The fair value of impaired loans were primarily measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including equipment, inventory, and/or accounts receivable. The Company determines the value of the collateral based on independent appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Appraised values are discounted for costs to sell and may be discounted further based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts by management are subjective and are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors discussed above.

Foreclosed assets, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The appraisals are sometimes further discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, and/or changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, a loss is recognized in noninterest expense.