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Fair Value Disclosures (Q2) | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |  |
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Note 7. Fair Value Disclosures Determination of Fair Value: The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” ASC Topic 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. ASC Topic 820 provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. Fair Value Hierarchy: In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Level 1 - Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 - Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments: Cash and Cash Equivalents: For cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits, and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of the assets and are considered Level 1 inputs. Securities Available-for-Sale: Where quoted prices are available in an active market, management classifies the securities within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, management estimates fair values using pricing models that use observable inputs or quoted prices at securities with similar characteristics. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, including GSE obligations, corporate bonds, and other securities. Mortgage-backed securities are included in Level 2 if observable inputs are available. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, management classifies those securities in Level 3. Restricted Investments: It is not practicable to determine the fair value of restricted investments due the restrictions placed on its transferability. Loans: With the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, we refined our methodology to estimate the fair value of our loan portfolio to use the exit price notion as required by the ASU. The guidance was applied on a prospective approach resulting in prior-periods no longer being comparable. See “Note 1 – Presentation of Financial Information” for further information. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair value for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market interest rates for comparable loans. Fair values for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable. These methods are considered Level 3 inputs. Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (for example, interest and noninterest checking, savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts) and are considered Level 2 inputs. Fair values for fixed-rate time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies market interest rates on comparable instruments to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits, and are considered Level 2 inputs. Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase: The carrying value of these liabilities approximates their fair value, and are considered Level 1 inputs. Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Advances and Other Borrowings: The fair value of the FHLB fixed rate borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows, based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, and are considered Level 2 inputs. The carrying value of FHLB floating rate borrowings and floating rate other borrowings approximates their fair value and are considered Level 1 inputs. Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are made using variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and the fair value are immaterial for disclosure. Measurements of Fair Value: Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 28,128 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,128 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | 111,954 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,954 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 911 |  |  | — |  |  | 911 |  |  | — |
Municipal securities |  | 15,584 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,584 |  |  | — |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 156,577 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 156,577 |  |  | $ | — |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 25,776 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,776 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | 116,215 |  |  | — |  |  | 116,215 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 950 |  |  | — |  |  | 950 |  |  | — |
Municipal securities |  | 9,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,003 |  |  | — |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 151,944 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 151,944 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company has no assets or liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. Additionally, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis: Under certain circumstances management makes adjustments to fair value for assets and liabilities although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. The following tables present the financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheets by caption and by level in the fair value hierarchy, for which a nonrecurring change in fair value has been recorded (in thousands):
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 407 |
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,524 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,524 |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 769 |
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,254 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,254 |
For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements are presented below (in thousands).
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Other Unobservable Input |  | Weighted Average of Input
Impaired loans |  | $ | 407 |  |  | Appraisal and Cashflow |  | Appraisal and Cashflow Discounts |  | 47 | %
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,524 |  |  | Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 19 | %
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Other Unobservable Input |  | Weighted Average of Input
Impaired loans |  | $ | 769 |  |  | Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 36 | %
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,254 |  |  | Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 18 | %
Impaired Loans: Loans considered impaired under ASC 310-10-35, Receivables, are loans for which, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans can be measured based on the present value of expected payments using the loan’s original effective rate as the discount rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of impaired loans were measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans or the discounted cash flows of the loans, as applicable. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including equipment, inventory, and/or accounts receivable. The Company determines the value of the collateral based on independent appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Appraised values are discounted for costs to sell and may be discounted further based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts by management are subjective and are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors discussed above. Foreclosed assets: Foreclosed assets, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell upon transfer of the loans to other real estate. Subsequently, other real estate is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The appraisals are sometimes further discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, and/or changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, a loss is recognized in noninterest expense. Carrying value and estimated fair value: The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):
|  | June 30, 2018
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Estimated Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 170,235 |  |  | 170,235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 170,235 |
Securities available-for-sale |  | 156,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,577 |
Restricted investments |  | 8,273 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans, net |  | 1,568,361 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,569,916 |  |  | 1,569,916 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  | 301,318 |  |  | — |  |  | 301,318 |  |  | — |  |  | 301,318 |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  | 246,942 |  |  | — |  |  | 246,942 |  |  | — |  |  | 246,942 |
Money Market and Savings deposits |  | 632,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 632,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 632,518 |
Time deposits |  | 535,879 |  |  | — |  |  | 537,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 537,006 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 18,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,635 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings |  | 72,040 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,040 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,040 |
|  | December 31, 2017
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Estimated Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 113,027 |  |  | 113,027 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 113,027 |
Securities available-for-sale |  | 151,944 |  |  | — |  |  | 151,944 |  |  | — |  |  | 151,944 |
Restricted investments |  | 6,431 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans, net |  | 1,317,398 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292,303 |  |  | 1,292,303 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  | 220,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 220,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,520 |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  | 231,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 231,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 231,644 |
Money Market and Savings deposits |  | 543,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 543,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 543,645 |
Time deposits |  | 442,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 443,547 |  |  | — |  |  | 443,547 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 24,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,055 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings |  | 43,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,600 |
Limitations Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on many judgments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include deferred income taxes and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates. | Note 15. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Determination of Fair Value: The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic (FASB ASC 820), the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. Fair Value Hierarchy: In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Level 1 - Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 - Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments: Cash and Cash Equivalents: For cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits, and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of the assets and are considered Level 1 inputs. Securities Available for Sale: Where quoted prices are available in an active market, management classifies the securities within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, management estimates fair values using pricing models and discounted cash flows that consider standard input factors such as observable market data, benchmark yields, interest rate volatilities, broker/dealer quotes, and credit spreads. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, including GSE obligations, corporate bonds, and other securities. Mortgage-backed securities are included in Level 2 if observable inputs are available. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, management classifies those securities in Level 3. Restricted Investments: It is not practicable to determine the fair value of restricted investments due the restrictions placed on its transferability. Loans:For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair value for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market interest rates for comparable loans. Fair values for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable. These methods are considered Level 3 inputs. Deposits:The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (for example, interest and noninterest checking, savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts) and are considered Level 1 inputs. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies market interest rates on comparable instruments to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits, and are considered Level 2 inputs. Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase: The carrying value of these liabilities approximates their fair value, and are considered Level 1 inputs. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings: The fair value of the FHLB fixed rate borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows, based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, and are considered Level 2 inputs. Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are made using variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and the fair value are immaterial for disclosure. Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis: Assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows, in thousands
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 25,776 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,776 |  |  | $ | — |
Municipal securities |  | 9,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,003 |  |  | — |
Other debt securities |  | 950 |  |  | — |  |  | 950 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | 116,215 |  |  | — |  |  | 116,215 |  |  | — |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 151,944 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 151,944 |  |  | $ | — |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 17,723 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,723 |  |  | $ | — |
Municipal securities |  | 8,019 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,019 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | 103,680 |  |  | — |  |  | 103,680 |  |  | — |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 129,422 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129,422 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company has no assets or liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. Additionally, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis: Under certain circumstances management makes adjustments to fair value for assets and liabilities although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. The following tables present the financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheets by caption and by level in the fair value hierarchy, for which a nonrecurring change in fair value has been recorded (in thousands):
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 769 |
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,254 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,254 |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 239 |
Foreclosed assets |  | 2,386 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,386 |
For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements are presented below.
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Other Unobservable Input |  | Weighted Average of Input
Impaired loans |  | $ | 769 |  |  | Third Party Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 35.5 | %
Foreclosed assets |  | 3,254 |  |  | Third Party Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 17.8 | %
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Other Unobservable Input |  | Weighted Average of Input
Impaired loans |  | $ | 239 |  |  | Cash Flow |  | Discounted Cash Flow / Appraisal Discounts |  | 2.4 | %
Foreclosed assets |  | 2,386 |  |  | Appraisal |  | Appraisal Discounts |  | 12.2 | %
Impaired Loans: Loans considered impaired under ASC 310-10-35, Receivables, are loans for which, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans can be measured based on the present value of expected payments using the loan’s original effective rate as the discount rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of impaired loans were measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans or the discounted cash flows of the loans, as applicable. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including equipment, inventory, and/or accounts receivable. The Company determines the value of the collateral based on independent appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Appraised values are discounted for costs to sell and may be discounted further based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts by management are subjective and are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors discussed above. Foreclosed assets: Foreclosed assets, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell upon transfer of the loans to other real estate. Subsequently, other real estate is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The appraisals are sometimes further discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, and/or changes in market conditions from the date of the most recent appraisal, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business. Such discounts are typically significant unobservable inputs for determining fair value. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, a loss is recognized in noninterest expense. Carrying value and estimated fair value: The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 113,027 |  |  | $ | 113,027 |  |  | $ | 68,748 |  |  | $ | 68,748 |
Securities available for sale |  | 151,944 |  |  | 151,944 |  |  | 129,422 |  |  | 129,422 |
Restricted investments |  | 6,431 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 5,628 |  |  | N/A |
Loans, net |  | 1,317,398 |  |  | 1,292,303 |  |  | 808,271 |  |  | 803,057 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  | 220,520 |  |  | 220,520 |  |  | 153,483 |  |  | 153,483 |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  | 231,644 |  |  | 231,644 |  |  | 162,702 |  |  | 162,702 |
Savings deposits |  | 543,645 |  |  | 543,645 |  |  | 274,605 |  |  | 274,605 |
Time deposits |  | 442,774 |  |  | 443,547 |  |  | 316,275 |  |  | 316,734 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 24,055 |  |  | 24,055 |  |  | 26,622 |  |  | 26,622 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings |  | 43,600 |  |  | 43,600 |  |  | 18,505 |  |  | 18,505 |
Limitations Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on many judgments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include deferred income taxes and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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