10-Q 1 mbuu-3312017x10q.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
Commission file number: 001-36290

MALIBU BOATS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 5075 Kimberly Way Loudon, Tennessee 37774 |  | 46-4024640
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
|  | (865) 458-5478 |  |
|  | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Accelerated filer |  | þ
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ¨
Emerging growth company |  | þ |  |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No þ |  |  |  |  |  |

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of May 2, 2017: | 17,930,617 |  | shares
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of May 2, 2017: | 19 |  | shares

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 5
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 31
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 33
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 33
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 33
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 33
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 33
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 33
Item 5. | Other Information | 33
Item 6. | Exhibits | 33
SIGNATURES | 35

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Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 77,149 |  |  | $ | 68,539 |  |  | $ | 206,831 |  |  | $ | 186,285 |
Cost of sales | 55,787 |  |  | 50,133 |  |  | 151,833 |  |  | 137,290 |
Gross profit | 21,362 |  |  | 18,406 |  |  | 54,998 |  |  | 48,995 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 1,789 |  |  | 1,574 |  |  | 6,362 |  |  | 5,998 |
General and administrative | 5,997 |  |  | 4,462 |  |  | 15,514 |  |  | 13,281 |
Amortization | 550 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | 1,637 |
Operating income | 13,026 |  |  | 11,825 |  |  | 31,473 |  |  | 28,079 |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 41 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 64 |
Interest expense | (416 | ) |  | (1,249 | ) |  | (883 | ) |  | (2,927 | )
Other expense, net | (375 | ) |  | (1,209 | ) |  | (767 | ) |  | (2,863 | )
Income before provision for income taxes | 12,651 |  |  | 10,616 |  |  | 30,706 |  |  | 25,216 |
Provision for income taxes | 3,805 |  |  | 4,109 |  |  | 9,897 |  |  | 9,011 |
Net income | 8,846 |  |  | 6,507 |  |  | 20,809 |  |  | 16,205 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 833 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 2,115 |  |  | 1,767 |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 8,013 |  |  | $ | 5,776 |  |  | $ | 18,694 |  |  | $ | 14,438 |
Comprehensive income:
Net income | $ | 8,846 |  |  | $ | 6,507 |  |  | $ | 20,809 |  |  | $ | 16,205 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in cumulative translation adjustment | 867 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 37 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 867 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 37 |
Comprehensive income, net of tax | 9,713 |  |  | 7,193 |  |  | 21,187 |  |  | 16,242 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax | 923 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 2,153 |  |  | 1,774 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., net of tax | $ | 8,790 |  |  | $ | 6,385 |  |  | $ | 19,034 |  |  | $ | 14,468 |
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share:
Basic | 17,877,152 |  |  | 17,975,714 |  |  | 17,799,221 |  |  | 17,968,106 |
Diluted | 17,962,286 |  |  | 18,002,858 |  |  | 17,887,266 |  |  | 18,022,339 |
Net income available to Class A Common Stock per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |
Diluted | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

| March 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 25,921 |
Trade receivables, net | 14,724 |  |  | 14,690 |
Inventories, net | 27,365 |  |  | 20,431 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 2,311 |  |  | 2,707 |
Income tax receivable | — |  |  | 965 |
Total current assets | 76,695 |  |  | 64,714 |
Property and equipment, net | 21,954 |  |  | 17,813 |
Goodwill | 12,654 |  |  | 12,470 |
Other intangible assets, net | 10,133 |  |  | 11,703 |
Deferred tax assets | 113,480 |  |  | 115,594 |
Other assets | 108 |  |  | 32 |
Total assets | $ | 235,024 |  |  | $ | 222,326 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,000 |
Accounts payable | 18,979 |  |  | 16,158 |
Accrued expenses | 21,414 |  |  | 19,055 |
Income taxes and tax distribution payable | 1,803 |  |  | 427 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, current portion | 4,360 |  |  | 4,189 |
Total current liabilities | 46,556 |  |  | 47,829 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 609 |  |  | 685 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | 90,612 |  |  | 89,561 |
Long-term debt, less current maturities | 55,152 |  |  | 63,086 |
Other long-term liabilities | 275 |  |  | 1,136 |
Total liabilities | 193,204 |  |  | 202,297 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 13) |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 17,930,617 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2017; 17,690,874 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 | 179 |  |  | 176 |
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 19 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2017; 23 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 | — |  |  | — |
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016 | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid in capital | 50,545 |  |  | 45,947 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,093 | ) |  | (2,471 | )
Accumulated deficit | (9,585 | ) |  | (28,302 | )
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 39,046 |  |  | 15,350 |
Non-controlling interest | 2,774 |  |  | 4,679 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 41,820 |  |  | 20,029 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 235,024 |  |  | $ | 222,326 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except number of Class B shares)

|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Non-controlling Interest in LLC |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares | Amount |  | Shares | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2016 |  | 17,690 |  | $ | 176 |  |  | 23 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,947 |  |  | $ | (2,471 | ) |  | $ | (28,302 | ) |  | $ | 4,679 |  |  | $ | 20,029 |
Net income |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,694 |  |  | 2,115 |  |  | 20,809 |
Stock based compensation, net of withholding taxes on vested equity awards |  | 89 |  | 1 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 903 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 904 |
Issuances of equity for services |  | 7 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 688 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 688 |
Increase in payable pursuant to the tax receivable agreement |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (1,222 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,222 | )
Increase in deferred tax asset from step-up in tax basis |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,440 |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock |  | 145 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,789 | ) |  | 2 |
Cancellation of Class B Common Stock |  | — |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions to LLC Unit holders |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | (1,231 | ) |  | (1,208 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 378 |
Balance at March 31, 2017 |  | 17,931 |  | $ | 179 |  |  | 19 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,545 |  |  | $ | (2,093 | ) |  | $ | (9,585 | ) |  | $ | 2,774 |  |  | $ | 41,820 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 20,809 |  |  | $ | 16,205 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Non-cash compensation expense | 1,070 |  |  | 1,464 |
Depreciation | 3,044 |  |  | 2,449 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,649 |  |  | 1,637 |
Gain on sale-leaseback transaction | (8 | ) |  | (9 | )
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 183 |  |  | 184 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swap | (941 | ) |  | 685 |
Deferred income taxes | 3,495 |  |  | 3,664 |
Non-cash litigation payable | (1,330 | ) |  | — |
Loss (gain) on sale of equipment | 4 |  |  | (28 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Trade receivables | (28 | ) |  | (7,017 | )
Inventories | (6,879 | ) |  | (3,602 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 884 |  |  | (1,204 | )
Accounts payable | 2,625 |  |  | 9,514 |
Income taxes receivable and payable | 2,129 |  |  | (690 | )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 3,942 |  |  | (958 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 30,648 |  |  | 22,294 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (6,983 | ) |  | (5,430 | )
Proceeds from sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | 16 |  |  | 78 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (6,967 | ) |  | (5,352 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term borrowings | (16,117 | ) |  | (4,500 | )
Cash paid for withholding taxes on vested restricted stock | (167 | ) |  | — |
Distributions to LLC Unit holders | (1,029 | ) |  | (911 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | — |  |  | (807 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (17,313 | ) |  | (6,218 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 6 |  |  | (43 | )
Changes in cash | 6,374 |  |  | 10,681 |
Cash—Beginning of period | 25,921 |  |  | 8,387 |
Cash—End of period | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 19,068 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |
Cash paid for income taxes | 3,666 |  |  | 6,199 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Establishment of deferred tax assets from step-up in tax basis | 1,440 |  |  | 142 |
Establishment of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | 1,222 |  |  | 118 |
Exchange of LLC Units by LLC Unit holders for Class A common stock | 2,789 |  |  | 39 |
Tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders | 520 |  |  | 434 |
Equity issued to directors for services | 688 |  |  | 688 |
Capital expenditures in accounts payable | 202 |  |  | 35 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit and per share data)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Malibu Boats, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Malibu”), a Delaware corporation formed on November 1, 2013, is the sole managing member of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC (the “LLC”). The Company operates and controls all of the LLC's business and affairs and, therefore, pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, consolidates the financial results of the LLC and its subsidiaries, and records a non-controlling interest for the economic interest in the Company held by the non-controlling holders of units in the LLC (“LLC Units”). See Note 2. Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC was formed in 2006 with the acquisition by an investor group, including affiliates of Black Canyon Capital LLC, Horizon Holdings, LLC and then-current management. The LLC is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing and marketing of innovative, high-quality, performance sports boats that are sold through a world-wide network of independent dealers. On October 23, 2014, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of Malibu Boats Pty. Ltd. (the “Licensee”), Malibu's Australian licensee manufacturer with exclusive distributions rights in Australia and New Zealand markets. As a result of the acquisition, the Company also consolidates the financial results of the Licensee. The Company reports its results of operations under two reportable segments called U.S. and Australia based on their respective manufacturing footprints. Each segment participates in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of performance sport boats. The U.S. operating segment primarily serves markets in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia while the Australia operating segment principally serves the Australian and New Zealand markets.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim condensed financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and disclosures of results of operations, financial position and changes in cash flow in conformity with GAAP for complete financial statements. Such statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Malibu Boats, Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended June 30, 2016 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at March 31, 2017 and the results of its operations for the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 and its cash flows for the nine month periods ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016. Operating results for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending June 30, 2017. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period presentation to conform to the current period presentation. Units and shares are presented as whole numbers while all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless otherwise noted.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations and accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries thereof. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Immaterial Correction of Errors in Prior Period
For fiscal year 2016, the Company identified an immaterial error related to the understatement of deferred tax assets and paid in capital attributable to a book to tax difference in its investment in the LLC. The correction of this error resulted in an increase in deferred tax assets of $1,796 with a corresponding increase for the same amount in additional paid in capital within stockholder's equity on the audited consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 and within the beginning balance of the statement of stockholders' equity for fiscal year 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a final standard on revenue recognition which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. This standard will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. Under the new standard, entities are required to identify the contract with a customer; identify the separate performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and recognize the appropriate amount of revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies each performance obligation. Accounting Standards Update
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(“ASU”) 2014-09 will now become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to extend the mandatory effective date by one year. Entities have the option of using either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the approach it will use to apply the new standard and the impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This ASU changes the measurement principle for inventories valued under the first-in, first-out or weighted-average methods from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined by the FASB as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This ASU does not change the measurement principles for inventories valued under the last-in, first-out method. This amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December, 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU, but does not expect it will have a material impact.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. This guidance provides specific classification of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the cash flow issues, the amendments for those issues should then be applied prospectively at the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its presentation of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The purpose of this ASU is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The amendment should be applied on a prospective basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its presentation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. Non-controlling Interest
The non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the economic interest in the Company's subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, held by the non-controlling LLC Unit holders. Non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of net assets of the Company attributable to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders, based on the portion of the LLC Units owned by such Unit holders. The ownership of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC is summarized as follows:

| As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016
| Units |  | Ownership % |  | Units |  | Ownership %
Non-controlling LLC Unit holders ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 1,260,627 |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 1,404,923 |  |  | 7.4 | %
Malibu Boats, Inc. ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 17,930,617 |  |  | 93.4 | % |  | 17,690,874 |  |  | 92.6 | %
| 19,191,244 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 19,095,797 |  |  | 100.0 | %

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The changes in the balance of the Company's non-controlling interest are as follows:

Balance of non-controlling interest as of June 30, 2016 | $ | 4,679 |
Allocation of income to non-controlling LLC Unit holders for period | 2,115 |
Distributions paid and payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders for period | (1,231 | )
Reallocation of non-controlling ownership interests in exchange for Class A Common Stock | (2,789 | )
Balance of non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2017 | $ | 2,774 |

Issuance of Additional LLC Units
Under the first amended and restated limited liability agreement of the LLC, as amended (the "LLC Agreement"), the Company is required to cause the LLC to issue additional LLC Units to the Company when the Company issues additional shares of Class A Common Stock. Other than in connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock in connection with an equity incentive program, the Company must contribute to the LLC net proceeds and property, if any, received by the Company with respect to the issuance of such additional shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company shall cause the LLC to issue a number of LLC Units equal to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued such that, at all times, the number of LLC Units held by the Company equals the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. During the nine months ended March 31, 2017, the Company caused the LLC to issue a total of 245,616 LLC Units to the Company in connection with (i) the Company's issuance of Class A Common Stock to a non-employee director for his services, (ii) the issuance of Class A Common Stock for the vesting of awards granted under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), (iii) the issuance of restricted Class A Common Stock granted under the Incentive Plan and (iv) the issuance of Class A Common Stock to various LLC Unit holders for exchanges of their LLC Units. During the nine months ended March 31, 2017, 5,873 LLC Units were canceled in connection with the vesting of share-based equity awards to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements and the retirement of 5,873 treasury shares in accordance with the LLC Agreement.
Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unit Holders
Distributions for Taxes
As a limited liability company (treated as a partnership for income tax purposes), Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC does not incur significant federal, state or local income taxes, as these taxes are primarily the obligations of its members. As authorized by the LLC Agreement, the LLC is required to distribute cash, to the extent that the LLC has cash available, on a pro rata basis, to its members to the extent necessary to cover the members’ tax liabilities, if any, with respect to their share of LLC earnings. The LLC makes such tax distributions to its members based on an estimated tax rate and projections of taxable income. If the actual taxable income of the LLC multiplied by the estimated tax rate exceeds the tax distributions made in a calendar year, the LLC may make true-up distributions to its members, if cash or borrowings is available for such purposes. As of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $520 and $341, respectively. During the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, tax distributions paid to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $1,052 and $660, respectively.
Other Distributions
Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Company has the right to determine when distributions will be made to LLC members and the amount of any such distributions. If the Company authorizes a distribution, such distribution will be made to the members of the LLC (including the Company) pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective LLC units.
3. Inventories
Inventories, net consisted of the following:

| As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016
Raw materials | $ | 18,292 |  |  | $ | 14,858 |
Work in progress | 3,028 |  |  | 1,250 |
Finished goods | 6,045 |  |  | 4,323 |
Total inventories | $ | 27,365 |  |  | $ | 20,431 |

4. Property and Equipment
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Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

|  | As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016
Land |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 254 |
Building and leasehold improvements |  | 10,216 |  |  | 7,168 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 21,384 |  |  | 20,035 |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 2,873 |  |  | 2,765 |
Construction in process |  | 2,884 |  |  | 356 |
|  | 37,724 |  |  | 30,578 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  | (15,770 | ) |  | (12,765 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 21,954 |  |  | $ | 17,813 |

Depreciation expense was $1,050 and $833 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 and $3,044 and $2,449 for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, substantially all of which was recorded in cost of sales.
5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 were as follows:

Goodwill as of June 30, 2016 | $ | 12,470 |
Effect of foreign currency changes on goodwill | 184 |
Goodwill as of March 31, 2017 | $ | 12,654 |

The components of other intangible assets were as follows:

| As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016 |  | Estimated Useful Life (in years) |  | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years)
Reacquired franchise rights | $ | 1,376 |  |  | $ | 1,339 |  |  | 5 |  | 2.6
Dealer relationships | 29,837 |  |  | 29,773 |  |  | 8-15 |  | 12.6
Patent | 1,386 |  |  | 1,386 |  |  | 12 |  | 1.3
Trade name | 24,667 |  |  | 24,667 |  |  | 15 |  | 4.4
Non-compete agreement | 54 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 10 |  | 7.6
Backlog | 96 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 0.3 |  | 0.0
Total | 57,416 |  |  | 57,310 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (47,283 | ) |  | (45,607 | ) |  |  |  |
Total other intangible assets, net | $ | 10,133 |  |  | $ | 11,703 |  |  |  |  |

Amortization expense recognized on all amortizable intangibles was $550 and $545 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $1,649 and $1,637 for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is as follows:

Fiscal years ending June 30: |
| Remainder of 2017 | $ | 551 |
| 2018 | 2,204 |
| 2019 | 2,097 |
| 2020 | 1,899 |
| 2021 | 1,813 |
| Thereafter | 1,569 |
|  | $ | 10,133 |

6. Product Warranties
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Effective for model year 2016, the Company began providing a limited warranty for a period up to five years for both Malibu and Axis brand boats. For model years prior to 2016, the Company provided a limited warranty for a period of up to three years and two years for its Malibu and Axis brands, respectively. The Company’s standard warranties require the Company or its dealers to repair or replace defective products during such warranty period at no cost to the consumer. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty and records a liability for such costs at the time the product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities by brand on a quarterly basis and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The Company utilizes historical claims trends and analytical tools to assist in determining the appropriate warranty liability.
Changes in the Company’s product warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | March 31, 2017 |  | March 31, 2016 |  | March 31, 2017 |  | March 31, 2016
Beginning balance |  | $ | 9,204 |  |  | $ | 7,176 |  |  | $ | 8,083 |  |  | $ | 6,610 |
Add: Warranty expense |  | 2,222 |  |  | 1,447 |  |  | 5,863 |  |  | 3,990 |
Less: Warranty claims paid |  | (1,244 | ) |  | (880 | ) |  | (3,764 | ) |  | (2,857 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 10,182 |  |  | $ | 7,743 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |  |  | $ | 7,743 |

7. Financing
Outstanding debt consisted of the following:

| As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016
Term loan | $ | 55,883 |  |  | $ | 72,000 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (731 | ) |  | (914 | )
Total debt | 55,152 |  |  | 71,086 |
Less current maturities | — |  |  | (8,000 | )
Long-term debt less current maturities | $ | 55,152 |  |  | $ | 63,086 |

Long-Term Debt
Amended and Restated Line of Credit and Term Loan. On April 2, 2015, Malibu Boats, LLC (the "Borrower"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the LLC, entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks led by SunTrust Bank that included a revolving credit facility and term loan (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The obligations of Malibu Boats LLC under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are currently guaranteed by its parent, the LLC, and its subsidiaries, Malibu Boats Domestic International Sales Corp. and Malibu Australian Acquisition Corp. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The lending arrangements are required to be guaranteed by the LLC and the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Malibu Boats, LLC and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the LLC, Malibu Boats, LLC and Malibu Boats Domestic International Sales Corp., and those of any future domestic subsidiary pursuant to a security agreement. The revolving credit facility and term loan mature on April 2, 2020.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is comprised of a $25,000 revolving commitment, none of which was outstanding as of March 31, 2017, and a $80,000 term loan, which was subject to quarterly installments of $1,500 per quarter until March 31, 2016. The quarterly installments are now $2,000 per quarter until March 31, 2019 and $2,500 per quarter thereafter. Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at the Borrower's option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% with respect to Base Rate borrowings and 2.00% to 2.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of the LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. The Borrower will also be required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, which will range from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on the term loan was 3.06% for the nine month period ended March 31, 2017.
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The Company also has a swingline line of credit from SunTrust Bank in the principal amount of up to $5,000 due on or before April 2, 2020. Any amounts drawn under the swingline line of credit reduce the capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had no outstanding balance under the swingline facility. Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company also has the ability to issue letters of credit up to $5,000. This letter of credit availability may be reduced by borrowings under the revolving line of credit. The Company’s access to these letters of credit expires April 2, 2020 with the expiration of access to the revolving commitment. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had issued letters of credit for $100.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits prepayment without any penalties. It also requires prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by the Borrower or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. It contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires compliance with certain financial covenants that the Company believes are usual for facilities and transactions of this type, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on the LLC's activities and those of its subsidiaries, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits the LLC, Malibu Boats, LLC, and Malibu Domestic International Sales Corp. from paying dividends or making distributions, including to Malibu Boats, Inc. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits, however, distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, distributions to fund payments that are required under the tax receivable agreement, payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2,000 in any fiscal year, dividends and distributions within the loan parties and dividends payable solely in interests of classes of securities. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $15,000 in connection with the Company's stock repurchase program and up to $6,000 in any fiscal year for any reason, in each case, subject to compliance with other financial covenants. The credit agreement specifies permitted liens, permitted investments and permitted debt. Affirmative covenants governing the timing of monthly, quarterly and annual financial reporting are also included in the credit agreement.
In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company capitalized $1,224 in deferred financing costs. These costs are being amortized over the term of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement into interest expense using the effective interest method and presented as a direct offset to the total debt outstanding as of March 31, 2017.
On August 4, 2016, in accordance with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company exercised its option to prepay $15,000 of its outstanding term loan and elected to apply this prepayment to principal installments through June 30, 2018. On October 28, 2016, the Company paid $1,117 of long term debt due to the consolidated excess cash flow prepayment requirement under the terms of its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Covenant Compliance
As of March 31, 2017, the Company is in full compliance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including all related covenants.
Interest Rate Swap
On July 1, 2015, the Company entered into a five year floating to fixed interest rate swap with an effective start date of July 1, 2015. The swap is based on a one-month LIBOR rate versus a 1.52% fixed rate on a notional value of $39,250, which under terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is equal to 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan at the time of the swap arrangement. Under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, all derivative instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either short term or long term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. Refer to Fair Value Measurements in Note 9. The Company has elected not to designate its interest rate swap as a hedge; therefore, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are being recognized in earnings in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a gain of $116 and a loss of $510, respectively, and during the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a gain of $941 and a loss of $685, respectively, for the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, which is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016 the fair value of the swap asset and swap liability included in other long-term assets and other long-term liabilities on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets was $78 and $863, respectively.
8. Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
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The Company has a Tax Receivable Agreement with the pre-IPO owners of the LLC that provides for the payment by the Company to the pre-IPO owners (or their permitted assignees) of 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, including those attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. These contractual payment obligations are obligations of the Company and not of the LLC. The Company's Tax Receivable Agreement liability was determined on an undiscounted basis in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, since the contractual payment obligations were deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable.
For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the benefit deemed realized by the Company will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that the Company would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of the LLC as a result of the purchases or exchanges, and had the Company not entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement.
The following table reflects the changes to the Company's Tax Receivable Agreement liability:

| March 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement | $ | 93,750 |  |  | $ | 96,470 |
Additions to tax receivable agreement: |  |  |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock | 1,222 |  |  | 111 |
Payments under tax receivable agreement | — |  |  | (2,831 | )
| 94,972 |  |  | 93,750 |
Less current portion under tax receivable agreement | (4,360 | ) |  | (4,189 | )
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | $ | 90,612 |  |  | $ | 89,561 |

The Tax Receivable Agreement further provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, the Company (or its successor) would owe to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC a lump-sum payment equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the Tax Receivable Agreement that would be based on certain assumptions, including a deemed exchange of LLC Units and that the Company would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax basis and other tax benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company also is entitled to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement, which, if terminated, would obligate the Company to make early termination payments to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC. In addition, a pre-IPO owner may elect to unilaterally terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement with respect to such pre-IPO owner, which would obligate the Company to pay to such existing owner certain payments for tax benefits received through the taxable year of the election.
As of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the Company had recorded deferred tax assets of $112,500 and $111,060, respectively, associated with basis differences in assets upon acquiring an interest in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and pursuant to making an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Internal Revenue Code"), as amended. The aggregate Tax Receivable Agreement liability represents 85% of the tax benefits that the Company expects to receive in connection with the Section 754 election. In accordance with the Tax Receivable Agreement, the next annual payment is anticipated approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return which occurred on March 15, 2017.
9. Fair Value Measurements
In determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, the Company employs a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. As defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). Financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on the reliability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

• | Level 1—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

• | Level 2—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

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• | Level 3—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities.

The hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Assets and liabilities that had recurring fair value measurements were as follows:

| Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
As of March 31, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |
As of June 30, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | — |

Fair value measurements for the Company’s interest rate swap are classified under Level 2 because such measurements are based on significant other observable inputs. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 as of March 31, 2017 or June 30, 2016.
The Company’s nonfinancial assets and liabilities that have nonrecurring fair value measurements include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangibles.
In assessing the need for goodwill impairment, management relies on a number of factors, including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, transactions and marketplace data. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company generally uses projected cash flows, discounted as necessary, to estimate the fair values of property, plant and equipment and intangibles using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These assets and certain liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as part of the Company’s impairment assessments and as circumstances require.
10. Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level. The LLC continues to operate in the United States as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made. As of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the Company
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maintained a valuation allowance of $9,819 and $9,700, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to state net operating losses and future amortization deductions (with respect to the Section 754 election) that are reported in the Tennessee corporate tax return without offsetting income, which is taxable at the LLC. The increase in the valuation allowance is due to the exchanges of LLC Units into Class A common stock by certain LLC Unit holders during the nine months ended March 31, 2017.
The Company’s consolidated interim effective tax rate is based upon expected annual income from operations, statutory tax rates and tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant or unusual items, including adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the quarter in which the related event occurs. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company's effective tax rate was 30.1% and 38.7%, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company's effective tax rate was 32.2% and 35.7%, respectively. The principal differences in the Company's effective tax rate with comparable historical periods presented and the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% relate to the impact of the non-controlling interests in the LLC, which is a pass-through entity for U.S. federal tax purposes, and state taxes. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 also reflects the impact of the Company's share of the LLC's permanent items such as non-deductible stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests. Additionally, the Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
11. Stock-Based Compensation
On January 6, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Incentive Plan. The Incentive Plan, which became effective on January 1, 2014, reserves for issuance up to 1,700,000 shares of Malibu Boats, Inc. Class A Common Stock for the Company’s employees, consultants, members of its board of directors and other independent contractors at the discretion of the compensation committee. Incentive stock awards authorized under the Incentive Plan include unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent awards and performance awards. As of March 31, 2017, 1,224,384 shares remain available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan.
On November 6, 2015, the Company granted 130,564 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards to certain key employees. The grant date fair value of these awards was $1,994 based on a stock price of $15.27 per share on the date of grant. Under the terms of the agreements, approximately 12% of the awards vested immediately on the grant date, approximately 38% vest in substantially equal annual installments over a three or four year period, and the remaining 50% of the awards vest in tranches based on the achievement of annual or cumulative performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance based awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. On September 14, 2016, 18,863 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards vested based on a stock price of $14.10 for the achievement of the Company's annual performance target.
On November 4, 2016, the Company granted 130,500 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards to certain key employees. The grant date fair value of these awards was $2,039 based on a stock price of $15.62 per share on the date of grant. Under the terms of the agreements, approximately 63% of the awards vest in substantially equal annual installments over a four year period, and the remaining 37% of the awards vest in tranches based on the achievement of annual performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance based awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Readers should refer to Note 14 to the fiscal year 2016 audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, for additional information related to the Company's other awards and the Incentive Plan.
The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards for the nine months ended March 31, 2017:

| Number of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of June 30, 2016 | 140,908 |  |  | $ | 16.17 |
Granted | 168,227 |  |  | 15.55 |
Vested | (70,368 | ) |  | (15.30 | )
Forfeited | (975 | ) |  | (20.18 | )
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of March 31, 2017 | 237,792 |  |  | $ | 15.98 |

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Stock compensation expense attributable to the Company's share-based equity awards was $325 and $459 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1,070 and $1,464 for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Stock compensation expense attributed to share-based equity awards issued under the Incentive Plan and under the previously existing LLC Agreement is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective awards and is included in general and administrative expense in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. As of March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested, share-based compensation was $3,080 and $2,131, respectively. As of March 31, 2017, the weighted average years outstanding for unvested awards under the Incentive Plan was 2.7. All awards under the previously existing LLC Agreement were fully vested as of March 31, 2017. During the nine months ended March 31, 2017, the Company withheld approximately 11,833 shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $167, as permitted by the applicable equity award agreements, to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements for employee share-based equity awards that have vested and were issued. Awards vesting during the nine months ended March 31, 2017 include 37,727 fully vested restricted stock units issued to non-employee directors for their service as directors for the Company.
12. Net Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company's earnings by the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing basic net earnings per share includes fully vested restricted stock units awarded to directors that are entitled to participate in distributions to common stockholders through receipt of additional units of equivalent value to the dividends paid to Class A Common stockholders. The portion of consideration paid in Class A Common Stock related to the acquisition of Malibu Boats Pty. Ltd. that is subject to a time-based restriction is also included in the denominator.
Diluted net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock is computed similarly to basic net earnings per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents using the treasury method, if dilutive. The Company’s LLC Units are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. The number of additional shares of Class A Common Stock related to these common stock equivalents is calculated using the treasury stock method.
Basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 have been computed as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| March 31, 2017 |  | March 31, 2016 |  | March 31, 2017 |  | March 31, 2016
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 8,013 |  |  | $ | 5,776 |  |  | $ | 18,694 |  |  | $ | 14,438 |
Shares used in computing basic net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock | 17,727,956 |  |  | 17,868,896 |  |  | 17,665,672 |  |  | 17,876,726 |
Weighted-average participating restricted stock units convertible into Class A Common Stock | 149,196 |  |  | 106,818 |  |  | 133,549 |  |  | 91,380 |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 17,877,152 |  |  | 17,975,714 |  |  | 17,799,221 |  |  | 17,968,106 |
Basic net income per share | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 8,013 |  |  | $ | 5,776 |  |  | $ | 18,694 |  |  | $ | 14,438 |
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 17,877,152 |  |  | 17,975,714 |  |  | 17,799,221 |  |  | 17,968,106 |
Restricted stock units granted to employees | 85,134 |  |  | 27,144 |  |  | 88,045 |  |  | 54,233 |
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1 | 17,962,286 |  |  | 18,002,858 |  |  | 17,887,266 |  |  | 18,022,339 |
Diluted net income per share | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |

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1 The Company excluded 1,293,447 and 1,484,611 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of diluted net income per share for the three ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 1,293,447 and 1,415,723 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of dilute net income for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as these shares would have been antidilutive.
The shares of Class B Common Stock do not share in the earnings or losses of Malibu Boats, Inc. and are therefore not included in the calculation. Accordingly, basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class B Common Stock has not been presented.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Repurchase Commitments
In connection with its dealers’ wholesale floor-plan financing of boats, the Company has entered into repurchase agreements with various lending institutions for sales generated from both the U.S. and Australia operating segments. The reserve methodology used to record an estimated expense and loss reserve in each accounting period is based upon an analysis of likely repurchases based on current field inventory and likelihood of repurchase. Subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood of repurchase and adjusts the estimated loss reserve and related statement of operations account accordingly. This potential loss reserve is presented in accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. If the Company were obligated to repurchase a significant number of units under any repurchase agreement, its business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Repurchases and subsequent sales are recorded as a revenue transaction. The net difference between the original repurchase price and the resale price is recorded against the loss reserve and presented in cost of sales in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. No units were repurchased during the three or nine months ended March 31, 2017. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company agreed to repurchase three units from the lender of two of its former dealers. Other than these repurchase commitments, the Company has not repurchased another unit from lenders since July 1, 2010. Accordingly, the Company did not carry a reserve for repurchases as of March 31, 2017 or June 30, 2016, respectively.
Contingencies
Certain conditions may exist which could result in a loss, but which will only be resolved when future events occur. The Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessments inherently involve an exercise of judgment. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a loss has been incurred, the Company accrues for such contingent loss when it can be reasonably estimated. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but reasonably estimable, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. If the assessment of a contingency deemed to be both probable and reasonably estimable involves a range of possible losses, the amount within the range that appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range would be accrued. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount in the range is accrued even though the minimum amount in the range is not necessarily the amount of loss that will be ultimately determined.
Estimates of potential legal fees and other directly related costs associated with contingencies are not accrued but rather are expensed as incurred. Except as disclosed below under "Legal Proceedings," management does not believe there are any pending claims (asserted or unasserted) at March 31, 2017 (unaudited) or June 30, 2016 that may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Legal Proceedings
On June 29, 2015, the Company filed suit against MasterCraft Boat Company, LLC, or "MasterCraft," in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company's complaint alleged MasterCraft's infringement of a utility patent related to wake surfing technology (U.S. Patent No. 8,578,873). The Court had issued a scheduling order setting deadlines for discovery and other events in the litigation, leading up to a trial beginning on August 14, 2017.
On February 16, 2016, the Company filed a second suit against MasterCraft in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company’s complaint alleges MasterCraft’s infringement of another utility patent related to wake surfing technology (U.S. Patent No. 9,260,161). The Court had issued a scheduling order setting deadlines for discovery and other events in the litigation, leading up to a trial beginning on October 30, 2017.
On May 18, 2016, MasterCraft filed two petitions with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or “PTO,” requesting institution of Inter Partes Review, or “IPR,” of the Company’s U.S. Pat. No. 8,578,873, the patent at issue in the first Tennessee
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lawsuit. On August 23, 2016, the Company filed its preliminary responses to the IPR petitions. On November 16, 2016, the PTO declined to institute IPR in response to either of the two petitions.
On September 26, 2016, MasterCraft filed a request with the PTO for Ex Parte Reexamination of the Company’s U.S. Pat. No. 9,260,161, the patent at issue in the second Tennessee lawsuit. On November 18, 2016, the PTO granted that request for ex parte reexamination, and on February 16, 2017, the PTO issued a Non-Final Office Action. On April 17, 2017, the Company filed a Response to the Non-Final Office Action.
On May 2, 2017, the Company and MasterCraft entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “MasterCraft Settlement Agreement”) to settle lawsuits filed by the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee alleging infringement by MasterCraft of two of the Company’s utility patents. Under the terms of the MasterCraft Settlement Agreement, MasterCraft will make a one-time payment of $2,500 and entered into a license agreement for the payment of future royalties for boats sold by MasterCraft using the licensed technology. The parties agreed to dismiss all claims in the patent litigation.
On April 22, 2014, Marine Power Holding, LLC ("Marine Power"), a former supplier of engines to the Company, initiated a lawsuit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee seeking monetary damages. On July 10, 2015, the Company filed an Answer and Counterclaim in the lawsuit filed by Marine Power. The Company denied any liability arising from the causes of action alleged by Marine Power. The lawsuit proceeded to trial on August 8, 2016 and on August 18, 2016, a judgment was rendered by the jury against the Company in the litigation with Marine Power resulting in the Company taking a charge of $3,268 during the three months ended June, 30, 2016. The Company subsequently prevailed on post-judgment motions and, on December 15, 2016, the court amended the judgment in the lawsuit for monetary damages to $1,938. Accordingly, the Company reduced the amount accrued for possible loss in connection with the litigation to the amount in the amended judgment as it represents the best estimate of the Company's loss at this time. On December 23, 2016, Marine Power filed a notice of appeal contesting the court's decision to reduce the amount of the original judgment. The Company has appealed the amended judgment and other rulings of the court and intends to vigorously defend its rights as it relates to the lawsuit, as it continues to believe that Marine Power's case is without merit.
On August 26, 2016, Wizard Lake Marine Inc. and Wizard Lake Marine (B.C.) Inc., collectively “Wizard Lake”, a former dealer of the Company’s, initiated a lawsuit against the Company in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Canada seeking monetary damages. The suit alleged breach of contract, wrongful termination, misrepresentation, breach of duty of good faith, and intentional interference. Wizard Lake is asking for damages of $8,717. The Company denies any liability arising from the causes of action alleged by Wizard Lake and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.
14. Segment Information
The following tables present financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the Company’s financial position at March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
| U.S. |  | Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total |  | U.S. |  | Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total
Net sales | $ | 73,844 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |  |  | $ | (2,186 | ) |  | $ | 77,149 |  |  | $ | 196,285 |  |  | $ | 17,158 |  |  | $ | (6,612 | ) |  | $ | 206,831 |
Affiliate (or intersegment) sales | 2,186 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,186 | ) |  | — |  |  | 6,612 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,612 | ) |  | — |
Net sales to external customers | 71,658 |  |  | 5,491 |  |  | — |  |  | 77,149 |  |  | 189,673 |  |  | 17,158 |  |  | — |  |  | 206,831 |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | 12,193 |  |  | 556 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 12,651 |  |  | 29,470 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | (158 | ) |  | 30,706 |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2016
| U.S. |  | Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total |  | U.S. |  | Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total
Net sales | $ | 66,071 |  |  | $ | 5,503 |  |  | $ | (3,035 | ) |  | $ | 68,539 |  |  | $ | 176,972 |  |  | $ | 15,666 |  |  | $ | (6,353 | ) |  | $ | 186,285 |
Affiliate (or intersegment) sales | 3,035 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,035 | ) |  | — |  |  | 6,353 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,353 | ) |  | — |
Net sales to external customers | 63,036 |  |  | 5,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,539 |  |  | 170,619 |  |  | 15,666 |  |  | — |  |  | 186,285 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 10,635 |  |  | 230 |  |  | (249 | ) |  | 10,616 |  |  | 25,094 |  |  | 347 |  |  | (225 | ) |  | 25,216 |

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| As of March 31, 2017 |  | As of June 30, 2016
Assets |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | $ | 234,268 |  |  | $ | 222,613 |
Australia | 18,263 |  |  | 17,130 |
Eliminations | (17,507 | ) |  | (17,417 | )
Total assets | $ | 235,024 |  |  | $ | 222,326 |

15. Subsequent Events
On May 2, 2017, the Company and MasterCraft entered into the MasterCraft Settlement Agreement to settle lawsuits filed by the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee alleging infringement by MasterCraft of two of the Company’s utility patents. Under the terms of the MasterCraft Settlement Agreement, MasterCraft will make a one-time payment of $2,500 and entered into a license agreement for the payment of future royalties for boats sold by MasterCraft using the licensed technology. The parties agreed to dismiss all claims in the patent litigation.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Some of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, certain statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, may constitute forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify these “forward-looking statements” by words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results to vary materially from our future results, performance or achievements, or those of our industry, expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, general industry, economic and business conditions, demand for our products, changes in consumer preferences, competition within our industry, our reliance on our network of independent dealers, our ability to manage our manufacturing levels and our large fixed cost base, and the successful introduction of our new products, as well as other factors affecting us discussed under the heading “Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on September 9, 2016 ("Form 10-K") and under the heading “Part II. Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2016. Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside our control, and there may be other risks and uncertainties which we do not currently anticipate because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We do not intend and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking information to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein.
Overview
We are a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of performance sport boats, having the #1 market share position in the United States since 2010. Our boats are used for water sports, including water skiing, wakeboarding and wake surfing, as well as general recreational boating. We earn revenue and generate profits from the sale of our high performance boats under two brands—Malibu and Axis. Our flagship Malibu brand boats offer our latest innovations in performance, comfort and convenience, and are designed for consumers seeking a premium boating experience. Our Axis brand of boats is designed to appeal to consumers who desire a more affordable product but still demand high performance, functional simplicity and the option to upgrade key features.
Since our inception in 1982, we have been a consistent innovator in the powerboat industry, designing products that appeal to an expanding range of recreational boaters and water sports enthusiasts whose passion for boating and water sports is a key aspect of their lifestyle. We continue to focus on innovation and invest in product development to expand the market for our products by introducing consumers to new and exciting recreational activities. We believe that our boats are increasingly versatile, allowing consumers to use them for a wide range of activities that enhance the experience of a day on the water with family and friends. While there is no guarantee that we will achieve market share growth in the future, we believe that the performance, quality, value and multi-purpose features of our boats position us to achieve our goal of increasing our market share in the expanding recreational boating market.
We offer our boats for sale through an extensive network of independent dealers in North America, Australia, and throughout the rest of the world. Our boats are the exclusive performance sport boats offered by the majority of our dealers.
On a consolidated basis, net sales increased 12.6%, gross profit increased 16.1%, net income increased 35.9% and adjusted EBITDA increased 19.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016, net sales increased 11.0%, gross profit increased 12.3%, net income increased 28.4% and adjusted EBITDA increased 16.0%. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, net sales at our U.S. operations increased 13.7%, gross profit increased 14.9%, net income increased 33.3% and adjusted EBITDA increased 17.1%. The increase in net income in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017 was mainly due to an increase in net sales attributable to higher volumes, year
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over year price increases and lower discounts offset by mix shift to our new Response and 21VLX models. The increase in net income was also attributable to lower interest expense attributable to a change in the fair value of our interest rate swap offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016, net sales at our U.S. operations increased 11.2%, gross profit increased 10.7%, net income increased 24.3% and adjusted EBITDA increased 13.2%. The increase in net income for the first nine months of fiscal year 2017 was mainly due to an increase in net sales attributable to higher volumes, increased demand for optional features, year over year price increases, lower discounts and a mix shift to new, higher priced models offset by higher rebate expense. The increase in net income was also attributable to a decrease in operating expenses due to a decrease in our Marine Power Holding, LLC ("Marine Power") litigation judgment following our appeal of the verdict and the court ruling decreasing the judgment amount and lower interest expense attributable to a change in the fair value of our interest rate swap, partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses. For the definition of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, see “GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Malibu Boats, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal offices in Loudon, Tennessee. We use the terms “Malibu,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references to refer to (i) Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, or the LLC, and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the recapitalization transactions completed immediately prior to the closing of the IPO (the "Recapitalization") and the initial public offering of shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Class A Common Stock") of Malibu Boats, Inc. (the "IPO"), and (ii) Malibu Boats, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries after the Recapitalization and IPO, which were completed on February 5, 2014.
Outlook
Although industry-wide retail boat sales remain lower than they were in 2007, prior to the financial crisis, sales volumes expanded during fiscal years 2015 and 2016. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., domestic retail registrations of performance sport boats increased approximately 12%, in 2016, 10% in 2015, 16% in 2014, and 12% in 2013 for the 50 reporting states. We believe domestic retail demand growth has continued at for calendar year 2017. We expect the growing demand for our product to continue, but there are numerous variables that have the potential to impact our volumes. For example, we believe the substantial decrease in the price of oil has resulted in some reduced demand for our boats in the southwest region. Further, international demand has been diminished by the broad strength of the U.S. dollar where our product prices have increased along with the U.S. dollar and weakening commodity prices. The U.S. dollar appreciation and weakening commodity prices is significantly impacting the Canadian market, an important market for us. Demand remains weak in other areas of the world, notably South America, South Africa and Europe. To date, growth in our domestic market has offset significantly diminished demand from the international market (other than Australia). The market for performance sport boats may also be challenged by other general economic conditions, which affects the retail consumer appetite for our product, the availability of credit to our dealers and retail consumers, and overall consumer confidence potentially impacting demand for our products. While numerous risks persist, we currently believe our market will continue to grow at a healthy rate in 2017, albeit at a potentially lower rate than it has in the recent past.
Since 2008, we have increased our market share among manufacturers of performance sport boats due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features. As the market for our product has recovered our competitors have become more aggressive in their product introductions, increased their distribution and began competing with our patented Surf Gate system. This competitive environment continued in 2015 and our share was up only slightly. However, given strong new product introductions and strong retail registration trends our domestic market share increased to over 33% during calendar year 2016, the highest level in our company's history. For model year 2017 which began on July 1, 2016, we unveiled the all-new Malibu Wakesetter 22 MXZ, the Wakesetter 24 MXZ and Wakesetter 21 VLX and, in November of 2016, we launched the new Malibu Response Txi. The Malibu Wakesetter 21 VLX is designed to be a premium product with an accessible nationally advertised price while the new Malibu MXZ models are an important renewal of our commitment to the premium picklefork category. In addition, on our model year 2017 products, we made enhancements to available features, including new stereos on all models with sound zone technology and a complete redesign of dashboards on all Axis models. We continue to maintain a strong lead over our nearest competitor in terms of market position and believe that we are well positioned to maintain our industry leading position given our strong dealer network and new product pipeline. In addition, we continue to be the market share leader in both the premium and value-oriented product sub-categories.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that our results of operations and our growth prospects are affected by a number of factors, such as the economic environment and consumer demand for our products, our ability to develop new products and innovate, our product mix, our ability to manage manufacturing costs, sales cycles and inventory levels, the strength of our dealer network and our ability to offer dealer financing and incentives.While we do not have control of all factors affecting our results from operations, we work diligently to influence and manage those factors which we can impact to enhance our results of operations.
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Components of Results of Operations
Net Sales
We generate revenue from the sale of boats to our dealers. The substantial majority of our net sales are derived from the sale of boats, including optional features included at the time of the initial wholesale purchase of the boat. Net sales consists of the following:

• | Gross sales from:

• | Boat sales—consists of sales of boats to our dealer network. In addition, nearly all of our boat sales include optional feature upgrades purchased by the consumer, such as Surf Gate, which increase the average selling price of our boats;

• | Trailers, parts and accessories sales—consists of sales of boat trailers and replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories to our dealer network; and

• | Royalty income—consists of royalties attributable to license agreements with various boat manufacturers.

• | Net sales are net of:

• | Sales returns—primarily contractual repurchases of boats either repossessed by the floor plan financing provider from the dealer or returned by the dealer under our warranty program; and

• | Rebates, free flooring and discounts—incentives, including rebates and free flooring, we provide to our dealers based on sales of eligible products. If a dealer meets its annual commitment volume as well as other terms of the rebate program, the dealer is entitled to a specified rebate. We implemented a new rebate program for model year 2017. Under the new program, if a dealer meets certain monthly and quarterly criteria based on the dealer's volume commitment, the dealer may be eligible for a specified rebate. Our dealers that take delivery of current model year boats in the offseason, typically July through April in the U.S., are entitled to have us pay the interest to floor the boat until the earlier of (1) the sale of the unit or (2) a date near the end of the current model year, which incentive we refer to as “free flooring.”

Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales includes all of the costs to manufacture our products, including raw materials, components, supplies, direct labor and factory overhead. For components and accessories manufactured by third-party vendors, such costs represent the amounts invoiced by the vendors. Shipping costs and depreciation expense related to manufacturing equipment and facilities are also included in cost of sales. Warranty costs associated with the repair or replacement of our boats under warranty are also included in cost of sales.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include selling and marketing, and general and administrative costs. Each of these items includes personnel and related expenses, supplies, non-manufacturing overhead, third-party professional fees and various other operating expenses. Further, selling and marketing expenditures include the cost of advertising and various promotional sales incentive programs. General and administrative expenses include, among other things, salaries, benefits and other personnel related expenses for employees engaged in product development, engineering, finance, information technology, human resources and executive management. Other costs include outside legal and accounting fees, investor relations, risk management (insurance) and other administrative costs. General and administrative expenses also include product development expenses associated with our engines vertical integration initiative.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net consists of interest expense and other income or expense, net. Interest expense consists of interest charged on our term loan, interest on our interest rate swap arrangement and change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015, and amortization of deferred financing costs on our amended and restated credit agreement.
Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax in multiple jurisdictions with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. The LLC is a pass-through entity for federal purposes but incurs income tax in certain state jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes reflects an estimated effective income tax rate attributable to Malibu
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Boats, Inc.'s share of income. Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 reflects a reported effective tax rate of 32.2%, which differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC, as well as the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). Our effective tax rate also reflects the impact of the Company's share of the LLC's permanent items such as stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest
As of March 31, 2017, we had a 93.4% controlling economic interest and 100% voting interest in the LLC and, therefore, we consolidate the LLC's operating results for financial statement purposes. Net income attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling LLC members.
Results of Operations
The table below sets forth our consolidated results of operations, expressed in thousands (except unit volume and net sales per unit) and as a percentage of net sales, for the periods presented. Our unaudited consolidated financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below will not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding.
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue
Net sales | 77,149 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 68,539 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 206,831 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 186,285 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales | 55,787 |  |  | 72.3 | % |  | 50,133 |  |  | 73.1 | % |  | 151,833 |  |  | 73.4 | % |  | 137,290 |  |  | 73.7 | %
Gross profit | 21,362 |  |  | 27.7 | % |  | 18,406 |  |  | 26.9 | % |  | 54,998 |  |  | 26.6 | % |  | 48,995 |  |  | 26.3 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 1,789 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 1,574 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 6,362 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 5,998 |  |  | 3.2 | %
General and administrative | 5,997 |  |  | 7.8 | % |  | 4,462 |  |  | 6.5 | % |  | 15,514 |  |  | 7.5 | % |  | 13,281 |  |  | 7.1 | %
Amortization | 550 |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | 545 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | 1,649 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | 1,637 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Operating income | 13,026 |  |  | 16.9 | % |  | 11,825 |  |  | 17.3 | % |  | 31,473 |  |  | 15.2 | % |  | 28,079 |  |  | 15.1 | %
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 41 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 40 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 116 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 64 |  |  | — | %
Interest expense, net | (416 | ) |  | (0.5 | )% |  | (1,249 | ) |  | (1.8 | )% |  | (883 | ) |  | (0.4 | )% |  | (2,927 | ) |  | (1.6 | )%
Other expense | (375 | ) |  | (0.5 | )% |  | (1,209 | ) |  | (1.8 | )% |  | (767 | ) |  | (0.4 | )% |  | (2,863 | ) |  | (1.5 | )%
Income before provision for income taxes | 12,651 |  |  | 16.4 | % |  | 10,616 |  |  | 15.5 | % |  | 30,706 |  |  | 14.8 | % |  | 25,216 |  |  | 13.5 | %
Provision for income taxes | 3,805 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 4,109 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | 9,897 |  |  | 4.8 | % |  | 9,011 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Net income | 8,846 |  |  | 11.5 | % |  | 6,507 |  |  | 9.5 | % |  | 20,809 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | 16,205 |  |  | 8.7 | %
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 833 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 731 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 2,115 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 1,767 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 8,013 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | 5,776 |  |  | 8.4 | % |  | 18,694 |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | 14,438 |  |  | 7.8 | %
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total
Volume by Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | 985 |  |  | 93.5 | % |  | 877 |  |  | 91.8 | % |  | 2,582 |  |  | 91.9 | % |  | 2,409 |  |  | 91.0 | %
Australia | 69 |  |  | 6.5 | % |  | 78 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | 229 |  |  | 8.1 | % |  | 238 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Total units | 1,054 |  |  |  |  | 955 |  |  |  |  | 2,811 |  |  |  |  | 2,647 |  |  |
Volume by Brand |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malibu | 758 |  |  | 71.9 | % |  | 650 |  |  | 68.1 | % |  | 1,999 |  |  | 71.1 | % |  | 1,775 |  |  | 67.1 | %
Axis | 296 |  |  | 28.1 | % |  | 305 |  |  | 31.9 | % |  | 812 |  |  | 28.9 | % |  | 872 |  |  | 32.9 | %
Total units | 1,054 |  |  |  |  | 955 |  |  |  |  | 2,811 |  |  |  |  | 2,647 |  |  |
Net sales per unit | $ | 73,196 |  |  |  |  | $ | 71,769 |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,579 |  |  |  |  | $ | 70,376 |  |  |

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $8.6 million, or 12.6%, to $77.1 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Included in net sales for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were net sales of $5.5 million, attributable to our Australian business. Unit volume for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased 99 units, or 10.4%, to 1,054 units as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016 driven by demand for our new models such as the Malibu Wakesetter 21 VLX and 22 and 24 MXZs. Net sales per unit increased 2.0% to $73,196 per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily driven by year
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over year price increases and lower discount activity, offset by a mix shift to our new Response and 21 VLX models. Net sales per unit in the U.S. increased 1.2% to $72,749 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $5.7 million, or 11.3%, to $55.8 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in cost of sales was driven primarily by increased volumes, higher labor costs per unit, and an increase in warranty expense. Included in cost of sales were $0.1 million in costs related to our engines vertical integration initiative.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $3.0 million, or 16.1%, to $21.4 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in gross profit was due mainly to higher volumes. Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased 80 basis points from 26.9% to 27.7% over the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by lower material cost per unit, offset by increases in labor and warranty expense.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.2 million or 13.7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses were flat over the same period. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $1.5 million, or 34.4%, to $6.0 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, largely due to an increase in legal expenses incurred in connection with ongoing litigation matters as well as higher incentive compensation and development costs associated with our engines vertical integration initiative which we initiated in fiscal year 2017.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 decreased $0.8 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in other expense, net is mostly related to the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015 as well as lower interest expense on our term loan which has a lower average principal balance for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $0.3 million, to $3.8 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in our provision for income taxes is a result of a decrease in our reported effective tax rate, which for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, was 30.1% and 38.7%, respectively. The reported effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC on our share of the LLC's income and also includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 6.8%.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017 to the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2016
Net Sales
Net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased $20.5 million, or 11.0%, to $206.8 million as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. Included in net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were net sales of $17.2 million and $15.7 million, respectively, attributable to our Australian business. Unit volume for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased 164 units, or 6.2%, to 2,811 units as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016 due to demand for new models, such as the Malibu Wakesetter 21 VLX and MXZ series, and optional features. Net sales per unit increased 4.6% to $73,579 per unit for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the nine months ended
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March 31, 2016, primarily driven by year over year price increases, a mix shift from Axis to Malibu, and lower discount activity, offset by higher rebate expense associated with our new rebate program for model year 2017. Net sales per unit in the U.S. increased 3.7% to $73,460 for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased $14.5 million, or 10.6%, to $151.8 million as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by increased volumes, higher material content and labor hours driven by the mix shift to Malibu from Axis as well as higher warranty expense. Included in cost of sales were $0.2 million in costs related to our engines vertical integration initiative.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased $6.0 million, or 12.3%, to $55.0 million compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in gross profit resulted primarily from higher volumes. Gross margin for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased 30 basis points to 26.6% from 26.3% over the same period in the prior year due primarily to lower material cost margin, offset partially by higher labor and warranty expenses.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the nine month period ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.4 million, or 6.1%, to $6.4 million compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016, due primarily to increased payroll, commissions, and related costs attributable to additional headcount and timing of marketing events. As a percentage of sales, sales and marketing expense decreased 10 basis points from 3.2% for the nine months ended March 31, 2016 to 3.1% for the nine month period ended March 31, 2017. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased $2.2 million, or 16.8%, to $15.5 million as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in general and administrative expenses was driven in part by an increase in legal expenses incurred in connection with our on-going litigation matters offset by a $1.3 million reduction in the Marine Power litigation judgment following a court verdict in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017. Excluding the change in the Marine Power litigation judgment, general and administrative expenses increased $3.5 million primarily due to increased legal expenses in connection with our on-going litigation matters, higher incentive compensation, and product development activities in connection with our engines vertical integration initiative, offset by lower acquisition related expenses stemming from acquisition activities in the prior fiscal year and stock compensation expense associated, in part, with share-based equity awards granted in the second quarter of fiscal year 2016.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net for the nine month period ended March 31, 2017 decreased $2.1 million as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in other expense, net is mostly related to the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015 and lower interest expense on our term loan which had a lower average principal balance during the nine month period ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of a principal payment of $15.0 million in August 2016.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.9 million, to $9.9 million compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in our provision for income taxes is due to an increase in pretax income offset by lower tax expense attributable to a decrease in our reported effective tax rate. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017, our reported effective tax rate was 32.2% compared to 35.7% over the same period in the prior fiscal year. The reported effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC on our share of the LLC's income and also includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the nine month period ended March 31, 2017 by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 7.1% and 7.3%, respectively.
GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
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Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management as well as by investors, commercial bankers, industry analysts and other users of our financial statements.
We define adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash, non-recurring or non-operating expenses, including certain professional fees, acquisition and integration related expenses, non-cash compensation expense, and certain product development costs. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of net income as determined by GAAP. Management believes adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are useful because they allow management to evaluate our operating performance and compare the results of our operations from period to period and against our peers without regard to our financing methods, capital structure and non-recurring or non-operating expenses. We exclude the items listed above from net income in arriving at adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, the methods by which assets were acquired and other factors. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP or as an indicator of our liquidity. Certain items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historical costs of depreciable assets. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computations of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income as determined in accordance with GAAP to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 8,846 |  |  | $ | 6,507 |  |  | $ | 20,809 |  |  | $ | 16,205 |
Provision for income taxes | 3,805 |  |  | 4,109 |  |  | 9,897 |  |  | 9,011 |
Interest expense | 416 |  |  | 1,249 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 2,927 |
Depreciation | 1,050 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 3,044 |  |  | 2,449 |
Amortization | 550 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | 1,637 |
Professional fees 1 | 1,159 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 3,145 |  |  | 622 |
Marine Power litigation judgment 2 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,330 | ) |  | — |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 401 |
Stock-based compensation expense 4 | 325 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | 1,464 |
Engine development 5 | 630 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 16,781 |  |  | $ | 14,106 |  |  | $ | 40,257 |  |  | $ | 34,716 |
Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 21.8 | % |  | 20.6 | % |  | 19.5 | % |  | 18.6 | %

(1) | Represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with MasterCraft Boat Company, LLC ("MasterCraft"). For more information about the legal proceedings, refer to Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | Represents the reduction in a one-time charge related to a judgment rendered against us in connection with a lawsuit by Marine Power where the court amended the judgment to $1.9 million. Please see Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report
(3) | Represents legal and advisory fees as well as integration related costs incurred in connection with certain acquisition activities.
(4) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to key employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. For more information, see Note 11 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
(5) | Represents costs incurred in connection with our vertical integration of engines including product development costs and supplier transition performance incentives.

Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income
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We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income as net income attributable to Malibu (i) excluding income tax expense, (ii) excluding the effect of non-recurring or non-cash items, (iii) assuming the exchange of all units in the LLC ("LLC Units") into shares of Class A Common Stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in the LLC, and (iv) reflecting an adjustment for income tax expense on fully distributed net income before income taxes (assuming no income attributable to non-controlling interests) at our estimated effective income tax rate. Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure because it represents net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc, before non-recurring or non-cash items and the effects of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
We use Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone.
We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income assists our board of directors, management and investors in comparing our net income on a consistent basis from period to period because it removes non-cash or non-recurring items, and eliminates the variability of non-controlling interest as a result of member exchanges of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock.
In addition, because Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income measures, as presented in this Quarterly Report, may differ from and may, therefore, not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The table that follows shows the reconciliation of net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income for the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. |  | $ | 8,013 |  |  | $ | 5,776 |  |  | $ | 18,694 |  |  | $ | 14,438 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 3,805 |  |  | 4,109 |  |  | 9,897 |  |  | 9,011 |
Professional fees 1 |  | 1,159 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 3,145 |  |  | 622 |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 401 |
Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 3 |  | (116 | ) |  | 510 |  |  | (941 | ) |  | 685 |
Stock-based compensation expense 4 |  | 325 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | 1,464 |
Marine Power litigation judgment 5 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,330 | ) |  | — |
Engine development 6 |  | 630 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 7 |  | 833 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 2,115 |  |  | 1,767 |
Fully distributed net income before income taxes |  | 14,649 |  |  | 11,989 |  |  | 33,740 |  |  | 28,388 |
Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 8 |  | 5,201 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 11,978 |  |  | 10,078 |
Adjusted fully distributed net income |  | $ | 9,448 |  |  | $ | 7,733 |  |  | $ | 21,762 |  |  | $ | 18,310 |
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per share of Class A Common Stock 9: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income 10: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 19,343,738 |  |  | 19,380,638 |  |  | 19,289,438 |  |  | 19,375,330 |
Diluted |  | 19,343,738 |  |  | 19,380,638 |  |  | 19,289,438 |  |  | 19,375,330 |

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(1) | Represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with MasterCraft. For more information about the legal proceedings, refer to Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | Represents legal and advisory fees as well as integration related costs incurred in connection with certain acquisition activities.
(3) | Represents the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap entered into on July 1, 2015.
(4) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to certain of our employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. See Note 11 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
(5) | Represents the reduction in a one-time charge related to a judgment rendered against us in connection with a lawsuit by Marine Power where the court amended the judgment to $1.9 million. Please see Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report
(6) | Represents costs incurred in connection with our vertical integration of engines including product development costs and supplier transition performance incentives.
(7) | Reflects the elimination of the non-controlling interest in the LLC as if all LLC members had fully exchanged their LLC Units for shares of Class A Common Stock.
(8) | Reflects income tax expense at an estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate of 35.5% of income before income taxes for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, assuming the conversion of all LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock. The estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate is based on the federal statutory rate plus a blended state rate adjusted for deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, state taxes attributable to the LLC, and foreign income taxes attributable to our Australian based subsidiary.
(9) | Adjusted fully distributed net income divided by the shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding in (10) below.
(10) | Represents the weighted average shares outstanding during the applicable period calculated as (i) the weighted average shares outstanding during the applicable period of Class A Common Stock, (ii) the weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units held by non-controlling interests assuming they were exchanged into Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis and (iii) the weighted average fully vested restricted stock units outstanding during the applicable period that were convertible into Class A Common Stock and granted to directors for their services.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of funds have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit agreement. Our primary use of funds has been for repayments under our debt arrangements, capital investments and cash distributions to members of the LLC. The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (dollars in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Total cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 30,648 |  |  | $ | 22,294 |
Investing activities | (6,967 | ) |  | (5,352 | )
Financing activities | (17,313 | ) |  | (6,218 | )
Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances | 6 |  |  | (43 | )
Increase in cash | $ | 6,374 |  |  | $ | 10,681 |

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017 to the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2016
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $30.6 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $22.3 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $8.3 million. The increase in cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $6.6 million related to the timing of collections of accounts receivables, payments for accruals and payables, and purchases of inventory. In addition, cash provided by operating activities increased by $1.7 million due to increases in net income (after consideration of non-cash items included in net income).
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $7.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $5.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $1.6 million. The increase in cash used for investing activities was primarily due to the purchase of an additional facility in Loudon, Tennessee for our vertical integration initiatives. Remaining capital outlays consisted of normal purchases for manufacturing infrastructure and expansion activities, molds, and equipment.
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Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased $11.1 million to $17.3 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $6.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a principal payment of $15.0 million on our outstanding term loan in August 2016. For the nine months ended March 31, 2016 we made principal payments of $4.5 million on the term loan and repurchased $0.8 million of our Class A common stock as part of a stock repurchase program in fiscal 2016. We have not repurchased any of our stock as part of a stock repurchase program in fiscal year 2017.
Loans and Commitments
Our indirect subsidiary, Malibu Boats, LLC, as borrower (the "Borrower"), has lending arrangements with several financial institutions pursuant to a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks led by SunTrust Bank (the "Amended and Restated Credit Agreement"). Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at our option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% or one-month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1% (the "Base Rate") or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% with respect to Base Rate borrowings and 2.00% to 2.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of the LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. Malibu Boats, LLC will also be required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, which will range from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The obligations of the Borrower under the credit agreement are guaranteed by its parent, the LLC, and, subject to certain exceptions, the present and future domestic subsidiaries of the Borrower, including Malibu Boats Domestic International Sales Corp. and Malibu Australian Acquisition Corp., and all such obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the LLC, the Borrower and such subsidiary guarantors pursuant to a security agreement, by and among the Borrower, the LLC, the subsidiary guarantors, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent, dated April 2, 2015 (the “Security Agreement”), and other collateral documents. The revolving credit facility and term loan mature on April 2, 2020. As of March 31, 2017, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement included the following facilities:

• | Revolving Credit Facility. Malibu Boats, LLC has access to a revolving credit facility from a bank syndicate led by SunTrust Bank with available borrowings of $25.0 million due on or before April 2, 2020. As of March 31, 2017, no amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility.

• | Swingline Credit Facility. Malibu Boats, LLC received a swingline line of credit from SunTrust Bank in the principal amount of up to $5.0 million due on or before April 2, 2020. Any amounts drawn under the swingline line of credit reduce the capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2017, no amounts were outstanding under the swingline facility.

• | Letter of Credit Facility. Malibu Boats, LLC has the ability to request the issuance of letters of credit by SunTrust Bank in the principal amount of up to $5.0 million. The principal amounts of any issued but undrawn letters of credit and any amounts drawn under issued letters of credit that have not been reimbursed reduce the availability under the revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2017, $0.1 million was issued and undrawn under the letter of credit facility.

• | Term Loans. Malibu Boats, LLC received a term loan from each of the banks in the syndicate in the aggregate principal amount of $80.0 million due on or before April 2, 2020. On August 4, 2016, in accordance with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we elected to prepay $15.0 million of the term loan. As of March 31, 2017, we had a total of $55.9 million outstanding under the term loans.

Subject to the terms of the credit agreement, Malibu Boats, LLC has the option to request the lenders to increase the aggregate amount under the revolving credit facility and the term loan facility up to an additional $50.0 million; however, the lenders are not obligated to do so.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits prepayment of the new term loan facility without any penalties. The term loan facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was subject to quarterly installments of $1.5 million per quarter until March 31, 2016. The quarterly installments are now $2.0 million per quarter until March 31, 2019, and $2.5 million per quarter thereafter. We elected to apply our $15.0 million prepayment in August 2016 to principal installments through June 30, 2018. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also requires prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by the Borrower or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On October 28, 2016, we paid $1.1 million of our outstanding term loan related to the consolidated excess cash flow prepayment requirement under the terms of our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
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The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also requires compliance with certain customary financial covenants, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on certain activities of the loan parties under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, such as the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limits the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits the LLC, the Borrower and the subsidiary guarantors from paying dividends or making distributions, including to the Company. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits, however, distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, distributions to fund payments that are required under the tax receivable agreement, payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2.0 million in any fiscal year, dividends and distributions within the loan parties and dividends payable solely in interests of classes of securities. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $15.0 million in connection with our stock repurchase program and up to $6.0 million in any fiscal year for any reason, in each case, subject to compliance with other financial covenants. The credit agreement specifies permitted liens, permitted investments and permitted debt. Affirmative covenants governing the timing of monthly, quarterly and annual financial reporting are also included in the credit agreement.
Future Liquidity Needs
Management believes that our existing cash, borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the general economic environment in which we operate and our ability to generate cash flow from operations. Factors impacting our cash flow from operations include, but are not limited to, our growth rate and the timing and extent of operating expenses.
With respect to our engine vertical integration strategy, we expect a total investment, including investments already made to date, through expenditures, working capital, and capital expenses of approximately $18.0 million through fiscal year 2019, which we intend to finance with cash from operations and our revolving credit facility.
We estimate that approximately $4.4 million will be currently due under the tax receivable agreement within the next 12 months. In accordance with the tax receivable agreement, the fiscal year 2017 payment is anticipated to occur approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return which was filed March 15, 2017. Management expects minimal effect on our future liquidity and capital resources.
Capital Resources
Management expects our capital expenditures for fiscal year 2017 will be significantly higher than our 2016 capital expenditures primarily due to our investment in our engine vertical integration, including the purchase of an adjacent facility for the project. In addition, capital expenditures for fiscal year 2017 are expected to consist primarily of the finishing of our ongoing projects, new tooling, and expenditures to increase production capacity to accommodate future growth.
Stock Repurchase Program
On February 1, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to allow for repurchase of up to $15.0 million of our Class A Common Stock and the LLC's LLC Units (the “Repurchase Program”) for the period from February 8, 2016 to February 8, 2017. During the nine months ended March 31, 2017 we purchased no additional shares under the repurchase program.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Since June 30, 2016, we repaid $15.0 million on our outstanding term loan in August 2016 and $1.1 million in October 2016, resulting in $55.9 million outstanding under our term loan as of March 31, 2017. All other changes to our contractual obligations during the nine months ended March 31, 2017 were completed in the normal course of business and are not considered material.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with our dealers’ wholesale floor plan financing of boats, we have entered into repurchase agreements with various lending institutions. The repurchase commitment is on an individual unit basis with a term from the date it is financed by the lending institution through payment date by the dealer, generally not exceeding two and a half years. Such agreements are customary in the industry and our exposure to loss under such agreements is limited by the resale value of the inventory
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which is required to be repurchased. Refer to Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on repurchase commitments.
Seasonality
Our dealers experience seasonality in their business. Retail demand for boats is seasonal, with a significant majority of sales occurring during peak boating season, which coincides with our first and fourth fiscal quarters. In order to minimize the impact of this seasonality on our business, we manage our manufacturing processes and structure dealer incentives to tie our annual volume rebates program to consistent ordering patterns, encouraging dealers to purchase our products throughout the year. In this regard, we may offer free flooring incentives to dealers from the beginning of our model year through April 30 of each year. Further, in the event that a dealer does not consistently order units throughout the year, such dealer’s rebate is materially reduced. We may offer off-season retail promotions to our dealers in seasonally slow months, during and ahead of boat shows, to encourage retail demand.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding stockholder advisory “say-on-pay” votes on executive compensation and stockholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation.
The JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can utilize the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, we have chosen to “opt out” of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” Under the JOBS Act, our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
We will continue to be an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of at least $1 billion (as indexed for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the IPO, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer," as defined under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we could remain an "emerging growth company" until as late as June 30, 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies
As of March 31, 2017, there were no significant changes in or changes in the application of our critical accounting policies or estimation procedures from those presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016, for a complete discussion on the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in market risk from those disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2017.
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The discussion of legal matters under the section entitled "Legal Proceedings" is incorporated by reference from Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
On May 2, 2017, the Company and MasterCraft entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “MasterCraft Settlement Agreement”) to settle lawsuits filed by the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee alleging infringement by MasterCraft of two of the Company’s utility patents. Under the terms of the MasterCraft Settlement Agreement, MasterCraft will make a one-time payment of $2,500 and entered into a license agreement for the payment of future royalties for boats sold by MasterCraft using the licensed technology. The parties agreed to dismiss all claims in the patent litigation.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There were no material changes to the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016 and Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Form 10-Q for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On February 2, 2017, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by certain members of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 70,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to the members in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On March 3, 2017, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by a certain member of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 23,675 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to the member in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. At the same time, one share of Class B Common Stock held by the member was canceled in connection with the exchange.
On March 29, 2017, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by a certain member of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 5,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to the member in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Stock Repurchases
We did not repurchase any stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The stock repurchase program which was authorized by our Board of Directors on February 1, 2016 expired on February 8, 2017.
Limitation on Payment of Dividends
The credit agreement governing our credit facility generally prohibits the LLC and our other subsidiaries from paying dividends or making distributions to us. However, our credit agreement currently permits the LLC to make dividends and distributions of up to $15.0 million in connection with our Repurchase Program and $6.0 million in any fiscal year for any reason, in each case, subject to compliance with other financial covenants.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
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The exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report are listed in the exhibit index immediately preceding such exhibits, which exhibit index is incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.2 |  | Bylaws of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.3 |  | Certificate of Formation of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 1
3.4 |  | First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, dated as of February 5, 2014 2
3.4.1 |  | First Amendment, dated as of February 5, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 3
3.4.2 |  | Second Amendment, dated as of June 27, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 4
4.1 |  | Form of Class A Common Stock Certificate 1
4.2 |  | Form of Class B Common Stock Certificate 1
4.3 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc. and the Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
4.4 |  | Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc., Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and the Other Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
31.1 |  | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

(1) | Filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-192862) filed on January 8, 2014.

(2) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on February 6, 2014.

(3) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A (File No. 001-36290) filed on May 13, 2014.

(4) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on June 27, 2014.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

May 3, 2017 |  | MALIBU BOATS, INC. |
|  | By: | /s/ Jack Springer
|  |  | Jack Springer, Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By: | /s/ Wayne Wilson
|  |  | Wayne Wilson, Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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