10-Q 1 mbuu-12312018x10qq2.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2018
Commission file number: 001-36290

MALIBU BOATS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 5075 Kimberly Way Loudon, Tennessee 37774 |  | 46-4024640
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
|  | (865) 458-5478 |  |
|  | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Accelerated filer |  | þ
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ¨
Emerging growth company |  | þ |  |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No þ |  |  |  |  |  |

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of February 5, 2019: | 20,836,597 |  | shares
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of February 5, 2019: | 16 |  | shares

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 5
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 43
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 43
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 44
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 44
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 44
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 44
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 44
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 44
Item 5. | Other Information | 44
Item 6. | Exhibits | 45
SIGNATURES | 46

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Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net sales | 165,793 |  |  | $ | 114,373 |  |  | $ | 289,276 |  |  | $ | 217,914 |
Cost of sales | 127,478 |  |  | 86,857 |  |  | 220,460 |  |  | 167,475 |
Gross profit | 38,315 |  |  | 27,516 |  |  | 68,816 |  |  | 50,439 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 4,601 |  |  | 3,122 |  |  | 8,099 |  |  | 6,711 |
General and administrative | 11,232 |  |  | 7,435 |  |  | 20,203 |  |  | 14,509 |
Amortization | 1,538 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 2,612 |
Operating income | 20,944 |  |  | 15,655 |  |  | 37,696 |  |  | 26,607 |
Other (income) expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (17 | ) |  | (30,333 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (27,736 | )
Interest expense | 1,844 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 3,015 |  |  | 3,213 |
Other (income) expense, net | 1,827 |  |  | (29,319 | ) |  | 2,981 |  |  | (24,523 | )
Income before provision for income taxes | 19,117 |  |  | 44,974 |  |  | 34,715 |  |  | 51,130 |
Provision for income taxes | 4,119 |  |  | 50,558 |  |  | 7,702 |  |  | 50,300 |
Net income (loss) | 14,998 |  |  | (5,584 | ) |  | 27,013 |  |  | 830 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 741 |  |  | 799 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 1,328 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 14,257 |  |  | $ | (6,383 | ) |  | $ | 25,555 |  |  | $ | (498 | )
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss) | $ | 14,998 |  |  | $ | (5,584 | ) |  | $ | 27,013 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in cumulative translation adjustment | (367 | ) |  | (66 | ) |  | (771 | ) |  | 234 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (367 | ) |  | (66 | ) |  | (771 | ) |  | 234 |
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 14,631 |  |  | (5,650 | ) |  | 26,242 |  |  | 1,064 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax | 723 |  |  | 806 |  |  | 1,416 |  |  | 1,360 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., net of tax | $ | 13,908 |  |  | $ | (6,456 | ) |  | $ | 24,826 |  |  | $ | (296 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per share:
Basic | 20,875,243 |  |  | 20,429,627 |  |  | 20,758,095 |  |  | 19,804,192 |
Diluted | 20,990,313 |  |  | 20,429,627 |  |  | 20,883,868 |  |  | 19,804,192 |
Net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Diluted | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

| December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 23,903 |  |  | $ | 61,623 |
Trade receivables, net | 13,545 |  |  | 24,625 |
Inventories, net | 68,465 |  |  | 44,268 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,979 |  |  | 3,298 |
Income tax receivable | 1,363 |  |  | 100 |
Total current assets | 113,255 |  |  | 133,914 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 60,193 |  |  | 40,845 |
Goodwill | 51,410 |  |  | 32,230 |
Other intangible assets, net | 149,206 |  |  | 94,221 |
Deferred tax assets | 64,566 |  |  | 64,105 |
Other assets | 313 |  |  | 453 |
Total assets | $ | 438,943 |  |  | $ | 365,768 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 25,996 |  |  | $ | 24,349 |
Accrued expenses | 43,058 |  |  | 35,685 |
Income taxes and tax distribution payable | 335 |  |  | 1,420 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, current portion | 3,932 |  |  | 3,932 |
Total current liabilities | 73,321 |  |  | 65,386 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 270 |  |  | 341 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | 53,667 |  |  | 51,114 |
Long-term debt | 143,676 |  |  | 108,487 |
Other long-term liabilities | 704 |  |  | 569 |
Total liabilities | 271,638 |  |  | 225,897 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 15) |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 20,836,429 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018; 20,555,348 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 | 207 |  |  | 204 |
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 16 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018; 17 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 | — |  |  | — |
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid in capital | 111,347 |  |  | 108,360 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,755 | ) |  | (1,984 | )
Accumulated earnings | 53,346 |  |  | 27,789 |
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 162,145 |  |  | 134,369 |
Non-controlling interest | 5,160 |  |  | 5,502 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 167,305 |  |  | 139,871 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 438,943 |  |  | $ | 365,768 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except number of Class B shares)

|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Non-controlling Interest in LLC |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares | Amount |  | Shares | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  | 20,555 |  | $ | 204 |  |  | 17 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108,360 |  |  | $ | (1,984 | ) |  | $ | 27,789 |  |  | $ | 5,502 |  |  | $ | 139,871 |
Net income |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,555 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 27,013 |
Stock based compensation, net of withholding taxes on vested equity awards |  | 53 |  | 1 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (62 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (61 | )
Issuances of equity for services |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 668 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |
Issuance of equity for exercise of options |  | 29 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 749 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 749 |
Increase in payable pursuant to the tax receivable agreement |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (2,553 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,553 | )
Increase in deferred tax asset from step-up in tax basis |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 3,138 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,138 |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock |  | 199 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  | 2 |
Cancellation of Class B Common Stock |  | — |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions to LLC Unit holders |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (718 | ) |  | (716 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (771 | ) |  | — |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (806 | )
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | 20,836 |  | $ | 207 |  |  | 16 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111,347 |  |  | $ | (2,755 | ) |  | $ | 53,346 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |  |  | $ | 167,305 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 27,013 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Non-cash compensation expense | 1,131 |  |  | 850 |
Non-cash compensation to directors | 421 |  |  | 404 |
Depreciation and amortization | 7,176 |  |  | 6,029 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 189 |  |  | 1,046 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,617 |  |  | 46,764 |
Adjustment to tax receivable agreement liability | — |  |  | (27,702 | )
Other items, net | 28 |  |  | (208 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |  |  |
Trade receivables | 11,231 |  |  | 1,315 |
Inventories | (16,073 | ) |  | (6,037 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (2,006 | ) |  | (512 | )
Accounts payable | 2,169 |  |  | 1,954 |
Income taxes receivable and payable | (2,112 | ) |  | 65 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 3,828 |  |  | 2,227 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 35,612 |  |  | 27,025 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (6,837 | ) |  | (4,923 | )
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired | (100,073 | ) |  | (125,552 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (106,910 | ) |  | (130,475 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term borrowings | — |  |  | (50,000 | )
Proceeds from long-term borrowings | — |  |  | 105,000 |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | 50,000 |  |  | — |
Payments on revolving credit facility | (15,000 | ) |  | — |
Payment of deferred financing costs | — |  |  | (1,148 | )
Proceeds from issuance of Class A Common Stock in offering, net of underwriting discounts | — |  |  | 55,317 |
Payments of costs directly associated with offering | — |  |  | (650 | )
Proceeds received from exercise of stock option | 749 |  |  | — |
Cash paid for withholding taxes on vested restricted stock | (1,186 | ) |  | (543 | )
Distributions to LLC Unit holders | (909 | ) |  | (636 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 33,654 |  |  | 107,340 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (76 | ) |  | 19 |
Changes in cash | (37,720 | ) |  | 3,909 |
Cash—Beginning of period | 61,623 |  |  | 32,822 |
Cash—End of period | $ | 23,903 |  |  | $ | 36,731 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 2,361 |  |  | $ | 861 |
Cash paid for income taxes | 6,628 |  |  | 2,740 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Establishment of deferred tax assets from step-up in tax basis | 3,138 |  |  | 2,513 |
Establishment of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | 2,553 |  |  | 1,259 |
Exchange of LLC Units by LLC Unit holders for Class A common stock | 1,047 |  |  | 738 |
Tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders | 319 |  |  | 361 |
Capital expenditures in accounts payable | 493 |  |  | 659 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit and per share data)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Malibu Boats, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or "Malibu"), a Delaware corporation formed on November 1, 2013, is the sole managing member of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "LLC"). The Company operates and controls all of the LLC's business and affairs and, therefore, pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, consolidates the financial results of the LLC and its subsidiaries, and records a non-controlling interest for the economic interest in the Company held by the non-controlling holders of units in the LLC ("LLC Units"). Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC was formed in 2006 with Malibu's acquisition by an investor group, including affiliates of Black Canyon Capital LLC, Horizon Holdings, LLC and then-current management. The LLC, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Malibu Boats, LLC, is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing and marketing of innovative, high-quality, recreational powerboats that are sold through a world-wide network of independent dealers. On July 6, 2017, the Company acquired all the outstanding units of Cobalt Boats, LLC (“Cobalt”) further expanding the Company's product offering across a broader segment of the recreational boating industry including performance sport boats, sterndrive and outboard boats. As a result of the acquisition, the Company consolidates the financial results of Cobalt. On October 15, 2018, our subsidiary Malibu Boats, LLC, purchased the assets of Pursuit Boats ("Pursuit") from S2 Yachts, Inc., expanding the Company's product offering into the fiberglass outboard fishing boat market. As a result of the acquisition, the Company consolidates the financial results of Pursuit. Refer to Note 4. The Company reports its results of operations under four reportable segments: Malibu U.S., Malibu Australia, Cobalt and Pursuit, based on their boat manufacturing operations.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim condensed financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and disclosures of results of operations, financial position and changes in cash flow in conformity with GAAP for complete financial statements. Such statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Malibu Boats, Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended June 30, 2018, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations for the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and its cash flows for the six month periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Operating results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending June 30, 2019. Units and shares are presented as whole numbers while all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless otherwise noted.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations and accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries thereof. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Pursuit Acquisition
On October 15, 2018, our subsidiary Malibu Boats, LLC, purchased the assets of Pursuit from S2 Yachts, Inc. for a purchase price of $100,073. Pursuit, located in Fort Pierce, Florida, is a leader in the saltwater outboard fishing boat market through its offering of 15 models of offshore, dual console and center console boats.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On July 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard, ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments (“ASC 606”) and applied the provisions of the standard to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. The cumulative effect of adopting the new revenue standard was immaterial and no adjustment has been recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings. Prior year information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue continues to be recognized at a point in time when the product is either shipped or received from the Company's facilities and control of the
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product is transferred to the customer. New controls and processes designed to meet the requirements of the standard were implemented, and the required new disclosures are presented in Note 2. The adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not have a material impact on the amounts reported in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016‑02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this update create ASC Topic 842, Leases, and supersede the requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases. ASC Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet a right‑of‑use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The standard requires the use of a modified retrospective transition approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvement, which provides entities with an additional (optional) transition method to adopt the new lease standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The new leases standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This guidance provides specific classification of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The ASU was applied using a retrospective transition method. The adoption of this ASU on July 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The guidance clarifies the definition of a business that provides a two-step analysis in the determination of whether an acquisition or derecognition is a business or an asset. The update removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace any missing elements and provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. This guidance will be applied on a prospective basis for transactions that occur after the effective date. The adoption of this ASU on July 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. Revenue Recognition
The following table disaggregates the Company's revenue by major product type and geography:

| Three months ended December 31, 2018 |  | Six months ended December 31, 2018
| Malibu US |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Consolidated |  | Malibu US |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Consolidated
Revenue by product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Boat and trailer sales | $ | 81,028 |  |  | $ | 45,360 |  |  | $ | 29,852 |  |  | $ | 6,850 |  |  | $ | 163,090 |  |  | $ | 147,108 |  |  | $ | 92,799 |  |  | $ | 29,852 |  |  | $ | 12,681 |  |  | $ | 282,440 |
Part and other sales | 1,693 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 2,703 |  |  | 4,843 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 6,836 |
Total revenue | $ | 82,721 |  |  | $ | 45,846 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 7,299 |  |  | $ | 165,793 |  |  | $ | 151,951 |  |  | $ | 94,106 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 13,292 |  |  | $ | 289,276 |
Revenue by geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 82,282 |  |  | $ | 43,171 |  |  | $ | 26,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 152,286 |  |  | $ | 150,140 |  |  | $ | 88,145 |  |  | $ | 26,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 265,118 |
International | 439 |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | 3,094 |  |  | 7,299 |  |  | 13,507 |  |  | 1,811 |  |  | 5,961 |  |  | 3,094 |  |  | 13,292 |  |  | 24,158 |
Total revenue | $ | 82,721 |  |  | $ | 45,846 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 7,299 |  |  | $ | 165,793 |  |  | $ | 151,951 |  |  | $ | 94,106 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 13,292 |  |  | $ | 289,276 |

Boat and Trailer Sales
Consists of sales of boats and trailers to the Company's dealer network, net of sales returns, discounts, rebates and free flooring incentives. Boat and trailer sales also includes optional boat features. Sales returns consist of boats returned by dealers under our warranty program. Rebates, free flooring and discounts consists of incentives, including rebates, volume discounts and free flooring that the Company provides to its dealers based on sales of eligible products.
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Part and Other Sales
Consists primarily of parts and accessories sales, royalty income, and clothing sales. Parts and accessories sales include replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories sold to the Company's dealer network. Royalty income is earned from license agreements with various boat manufacturers, including Nautique, Chaparral, Mastercraft, and Tige related to the use of the Company's intellectual property.
3. Non-controlling Interest
The non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest in the Company's subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, held by the non-controlling LLC Unit holders. Non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of net assets of the Company attributable to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders, based on the portion of the LLC Units owned by such Unit holders. The ownership of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC is summarized as follows:

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
| Units |  | Ownership % |  | Units |  | Ownership %
Non-controlling LLC Unit holders ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 844,652 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | 1,043,186 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Malibu Boats, Inc. ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 20,836,429 |  |  | 96.1 | % |  | 20,555,348 |  |  | 95.2 | %
| 21,681,081 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 21,598,534 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Issuance of Additional LLC Units
Under the first amended and restated limited liability agreement of the LLC, as amended (the "LLC Agreement"), the Company is required to cause the LLC to issue additional LLC Units to the Company when the Company issues additional shares of Class A Common Stock. Other than in connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock in connection with an equity incentive program, the Company must contribute to the LLC net proceeds and property, if any, received by the Company with respect to the issuance of such additional shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company must cause the LLC to issue a number of LLC Units equal to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued such that, at all times, the number of LLC Units held by the Company equals the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. During the six months ended December 31, 2018, the Company caused the LLC to issue a total of 305,288 LLC Units to the Company in connection with (i) the Company's issuance of Class A Common Stock to a non-employee director for his services, (ii) the issuance of Class A Common Stock for the vesting of awards granted under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), (iii) the issuance of Class A Common Stock to LLC Unit holders for exchange of their LLC Units, and (iv) the issuance of Class A Common Stock for the exercise of vested stock options granted under the Incentive Plan. During the six months ended December 31, 2018, 24,207 LLC Units were canceled in connection with the vesting of share-based equity awards to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements and the retirement of 24,207 treasury shares in accordance with the LLC Agreement.
Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unit Holders
Distributions for Taxes
As a limited liability company (treated as a partnership for income tax purposes), Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC does not incur significant federal, state or local income taxes, as these taxes are primarily the obligations of its members. As authorized by the LLC Agreement, the LLC is required to distribute cash, to the extent that the LLC has cash available, on a pro rata basis, to its members to the extent necessary to cover the members’ tax liabilities, if any, with respect to their share of LLC earnings. The LLC makes such tax distributions to its members based on an estimated tax rate and projections of taxable income. If the actual taxable income of the LLC multiplied by the estimated tax rate exceeds the tax distributions made in a calendar year, the LLC may make true-up distributions to its members, if cash or borrowings are available for such purposes. As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $319 and $511, respectively. During the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, tax distributions paid to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $909 and $602, respectively.
Other Distributions
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Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Company has the right to determine when distributions will be made to LLC members and the amount of any such distributions. If the Company authorizes a distribution, such distribution will be made to the members of the LLC (including the Company) pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective LLC units.
4. Acquisitions
Pursuit
On October 15, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of the assets of Pursuit. The aggregate purchase price for the transaction was $100,073, funded with cash and borrowings under the Company's credit agreement. The aggregate purchase price was subject to certain adjustments, including customary adjustments for the amount of working capital in the business at the closing date. The Company accounted for the transaction in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations.
The total consideration given to the former owners of Pursuit has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimates of fair value as of the date of the acquisition. The preliminary measurements of fair value were determined based upon estimates utilizing the assistance of third party valuation specialists, and are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The Company expects appraisals of tangible and intangible assets and working capital adjustments to be finalized during the second half of fiscal 2019.
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation based on the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities of Pursuit assumed at the acquisition date:

Consideration: |
Cash consideration paid | $ | 100,073 |
Recognized preliminary amounts of identifiable assets acquired and (liabilities assumed), at fair value: |
Inventories | $ | 8,332 |
Other current assets | 373 |
Property, plant and equipment | 17,454 |
Identifiable intangible assets | 57,900 |
Current liabilities | (3,488 | )
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | 80,571 |
Goodwill | 19,502 |
Total purchase price | $ | 100,073 |

The preliminary fair value estimates for the Company's identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition are as follows:

| Estimates of Fair Value |  | Estimated Useful Life (in years)
Definite-lived intangibles: |  |  |
Dealer relationships | $ | 25,400 |  |  | 20
Total definite-lived intangibles | 25,400 |  |  |
Indefinite-lived intangible: |  |  |
Trade name | 32,500 |  |  |
Total intangible assets | $ | 57,900 |  |  |

The value allocated to inventories reflects the estimated fair value of the acquired inventory based on the expected sales price of the inventory, less an estimated cost to complete and a reasonable profit margin. The fair value of the identifiable intangible assets were determined based on the following approaches:
Dealer Relationships - The value associated with Pursuit's dealer relationships is attributed to its long standing dealer distribution network. The estimate of fair value assigned to this asset was determined using the income approach, which requires an estimate or forecast of the expected future cash flows from the dealer relationships through the application of the multi-period excess earnings approach. The estimated remaining useful life of dealer relationships is approximately twenty years.
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Trade Name - The value attributed to Pursuit's trade name was determined using a variation of the income approach called the relief from royalty method, which requires an estimate or forecast of the expected future cash flows. The trade name has an indefinite life.
The fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method to general and administrative expenses over their estimated useful lives. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. The weighted average useful life of identifiable definite-lived intangible assets acquired was 20 years. Goodwill of $19,502 arising from the acquisition consists of expected synergies and cost savings as well as intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. The indefinite-lived intangible asset and goodwill acquired are expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Acquisition-related costs of $2,809, which were incurred by the Company in the first half of fiscal year 2019 related to the Pursuit acquisition, were expensed in the period incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended December 31, 2018.
Pro Forma Financial Information (unaudited):
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, assumes that the acquisition of Pursuit occurred as of July 1, 2017. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines historical results of Malibu and Pursuit, with adjustments for depreciation and amortization attributable to preliminary fair value estimates on acquired tangible and intangible assets for the respective periods. Non-recurring pro forma adjustments associated with the fair value step up of inventory were included in the reported pro forma cost of sales and earnings. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of fiscal year 2018 or the results that may occur in the future:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net sales |  | $ | 172,219 |  |  | $ | 143,689 |  |  | $ | 330,918 |  |  | $ | 275,300 |
Net income (loss) |  | 15,553 |  |  | (4,773 | ) |  | 31,083 |  |  | 2,241 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. |  | 14,784 |  |  | (5,633 | ) |  | 29,394 |  |  | 796 |
Basic earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |

Cobalt
On July 6, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Cobalt. T he aggregate purchase price for the transaction was $130,525, consisting of $129,525 funded with cash and borrowings under the Company's credit agreement and $1,000 in equity equal to 39,262 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock based on a closing stock price of $25.47 per share on June 27, 2017. The aggregate purchase price was subject to certain adjustments, including customary adjustments for the amount of working capital in the business at the closing date and subject to adjustment for any judgment or settlement in connection with a pending litigation matter between Cobalt and Sea Ray Boats, Inc. and Brunswick Corporation. William Paxson St. Clair, Jr., a former owner of Cobalt, was appointed as a director to the Company's Board of Directors and as President of Cobalt. The Company accounted for the transaction in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations.
The total consideration given to the former members of Cobalt has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimates of fair value as of the date of the acquisition. The measurements of fair value were determined based upon estimates utilizing the assistance of third party valuation specialists.
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The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation based on the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities of Cobalt assumed at the acquisition date:

Consideration: |
Cash consideration paid | $ | 129,525 |
Equity consideration paid | 1,000 |
Fair value of total consideration transferred | $ | 130,525 |
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and (liabilities assumed), at fair value: |
Cash | $ | 3,973 |
Accounts receivable | 2,329 |
Inventories | 14,343 |
Other current assets | 363 |
Property, plant and equipment | 12,934 |
Identifiable intangible assets | 89,900 |
Current liabilities | (13,108 | )
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | 110,734 |
Goodwill | 19,791 |
Total purchase price | $ | 130,525 |

The fair value estimates for the Company's identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition are as follows:

| Estimates of Fair Value |  | Estimated Useful Life (in years)
Definite-lived intangibles: |  |  |
Dealer relationships | $ | 56,300 |  |  | 20
Patent | 2,600 |  |  | 15
Total definite-lived intangibles | 58,900 |  |  |
Indefinite-lived intangible: |  |  |
Trade name | 31,000 |  |  |
Total intangible assets | $ | 89,900 |  |  |

The value allocated to inventories reflects the estimated fair value of the acquired inventory based on the expected sales price of the inventory, less an estimated cost to complete and a reasonable profit margin. The fair value of the identifiable intangible assets were determined based on the following approaches:
Dealer Relationships - The value associated with Cobalt's dealer relationships is attributed to its long standing dealer distribution network. The estimate of fair value assigned to this asset was determined using the income approach, which requires an estimate or forecast of the expected future cash flows from the dealer relationships through the application of the multi-period excess earnings approach. The estimated remaining useful life of dealer relationships is approximately twenty years.
Patent - The value associated with the patented technology was based on financial projections and the patent's estimated remaining legal life of approximately fifteen years using a variation of the income approach called the royalty savings method.
Trade Name - The value attributed to Cobalt's trade name was determined using a variation of the income approach called the relief from royalty method, which requires an estimate or forecast of the expected future cash flows. The trade name has an indefinite life.
The fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method to general and administrative expenses over their estimated useful lives. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. The weighted average useful life of identifiable definite-lived intangible assets acquired was 19.8 years. Goodwill of $19,791 arising from the acquisition consists of expected synergies and cost savings as well as intangible assets
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that do not qualify for separate recognition. The indefinite-lived intangible asset and goodwill acquired are deductible for income tax purposes.
Acquisition-related costs of $3,056, which were incurred by the Company in fiscal year 2018 related to the Cobalt acquisition, were expensed in the period incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
Pro Forma Financial Information (unaudited):
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, assumes that the acquisition of Cobalt occurred as of July 1, 2016. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines historical results of Malibu and Cobalt, with adjustments for depreciation and amortization attributable to preliminary fair value estimates on acquired tangible and intangible assets for the respective periods. Non-recurring pro forma adjustments associated with the fair value step up of inventory were included in the reported pro forma cost of sales and earnings. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of fiscal year 2017 or the results that may occur in the future:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net sales |  | $ | 165,793 |  |  | $ | 114,373 |  |  | $ | 289,276 |  |  | $ | 217,914 |
Net income (loss) |  | 14,998 |  |  | (6,271 | ) |  | 27,013 |  |  | 496 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. |  | 14,257 |  |  | (7,018 | ) |  | 25,555 |  |  | (805 | )
Basic earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.34 | ) |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.34 | ) |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | )

5. Inventories
Inventories, net consisted of the following:

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Raw materials | $ | 46,838 |  |  | $ | 28,851 |
Work in progress | 11,099 |  |  | 6,164 |
Finished goods | 10,528 |  |  | 9,253 |
Total inventories | $ | 68,465 |  |  | $ | 44,268 |

6. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:

|  | As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Land |  | $ | 2,194 |  |  | $ | 634 |
Building and leasehold improvements |  | 28,156 |  |  | 20,110 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 42,177 |  |  | 32,471 |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5,828 |  |  | 4,667 |
Construction in process |  | 5,552 |  |  | 5,636 |
|  | 83,906 |  |  | 63,518 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  | (23,713 | ) |  | (22,673 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 60,193 |  |  | $ | 40,845 |

During the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company disposed of various molds for models not currently in production with zero net book value and historical costs of $3,285 and $2,122, respectively. Depreciation expense was $2,495 and $1,687 for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and $4,358 and $3,417 for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, substantially all of which was recorded in cost of sales.
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7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended December 31, 2018 were as follows:

Goodwill as of June 30, 2018 | $ | 32,230 |
Addition related to the acquisition of Pursuit | 19,502 |
Effect of foreign currency changes on goodwill | (322 | )
Goodwill as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 51,410 |

The components of other intangible assets were as follows:

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018 |  | Estimated Useful Life (in years) |  | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years)
Definite-lived intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reacquired franchise rights | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | 1,333 |  |  | 5 |  | 0.8
Dealer relationships | 111,349 |  |  | 86,062 |  |  | 8-20 |  | 18.8
Patent | 3,986 |  |  | 3,986 |  |  | 12-15 |  | 13.5
Trade name | 24,667 |  |  | 24,667 |  |  | 15 |  | 2.7
Non-compete agreement | 49 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 10 |  | 5.8
Backlog | 88 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 0.3 |  | 0.0
Total | 141,410 |  |  | 116,193 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (55,704 | ) |  | (52,972 | ) |  |  |  |
Total definite-lived intangible assets, net | 85,706 |  |  | 63,221 |  |  |  |  |
Indefinite-lived intangible: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade name | 63,500 |  |  | 31,000 |  |  |  |  |
Total other intangible assets, net | $ | 149,206 |  |  | $ | 94,221 |  |  |  |  |

Amortization expense recognized on all amortizable intangibles was $1,538 and $1,304 for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively and $2,818 and $2,612 for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is as follows:

Fiscal years ending June 30: |
| Remainder of 2019 | $ | 3,138 |
| 2020 | 6,137 |
| 2021 | 6,058 |
| 2022 | 4,557 |
| 2023 | 4,420 |
| Thereafter | 61,395 |
|  | $ | 85,706 |

8. Product Warranties
Effective for model year 2016, the Company began providing a limited warranty for a period up to five years for both Malibu and Axis brand boats. For model years prior to 2016, the Company provided a limited warranty for a period of up to three years and two years for its Malibu and Axis brands, respectively. For Cobalt boats, the Company provides a structural warranty of up to ten years which covers the hull, deck joints, bulkheads, floor, transom, stringers, and motor mount. In addition, the Company provides a five year bow-to-stern warranty on all components manufactured or purchased (excluding hull and deck structural components), including canvas and upholstery. For Pursuit boats, the Company provides a structural warranty of up to five years which covers structural defects in materials and workmanship on the deck and hull. Gelcoat is covered up to three years for Cobalt and one year for Malibu and Axis. In each of our brands, some materials, components or parts of the boat that are not covered by our limited product warranties are separately warranted by their manufacturers or suppliers. These other warranties include warranties covering engines and other components.
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The Company’s standard warranties require the Company or its dealers to repair or replace defective products during such warranty period at no cost to the consumer. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its limited warranty and records a liability for such costs at the time the product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities by brand on a quarterly basis and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The Company utilizes historical claims trends and analytical tools to assist in determining the appropriate warranty liability.
Changes in the Company’s product warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Beginning balance |  | $ | 17,999 |  |  | $ | 14,725 |  |  | $ | 17,217 |  |  | $ | 10,050 |
Add: Warranty expense |  | 3,107 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | 6,023 |  |  | 4,725 |
Additions for acquisitions |  | 1,872 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | 4,404 |
Less: Warranty claims paid |  | (2,035 | ) |  | (925 | ) |  | (4,169 | ) |  | (3,662 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 20,943 |  |  | $ | 15,517 |  |  | $ | 20,943 |  |  | $ | 15,517 |

9. Financing
Outstanding debt consisted of the following:

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Term loans | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 110,000 |
Revolving credit loan | 35,000 |  |  | — |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (1,324 | ) |  | (1,513 | )
Total debt | 143,676 |  |  | 108,487 |
Less current maturities | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt less current maturities | $ | 143,676 |  |  | $ | 108,487 |

Long-Term Debt
Credit Agreement. On June 28, 2017, Malibu Boats, LLC as the borrower ("Boats LLC"), entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with SunTrust Bank, as the administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing bank, to refinance the prior credit facility and to provide funds for the purchase of Cobalt. It provided Boats LLC with a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $160,000 ($55,000 of which was drawn on June 28, 2017 to refinance our previous credit facility and $105,000 of which was drawn on July 6, 2017 to fund the payment of the purchase price for the Cobalt acquisition and to pay certain fees and expenses related to entering into the Credit Agreement and a revolving credit facility of up to $35,000. On August 17, 2017, Boats LLC made a voluntary principal payment on the term loans in the amount of $50,000 with a portion of the net proceeds from the Company’s equity offering completed on August 14, 2017. On August 21, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of Pursuit, Boats LLC entered into the First Incremental Facility Amendment and First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2017 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The amendment increased the amount available under the revolving credit facility by $50,000 (the “Incremental Revolving Commitment”) from $35,000 to $85,000. Each of the term loans and the revolving credit facility are scheduled to mature on July 1, 2022. In connection with the completion of the acquisition of Pursuit, the Company borrowed $50,000 under its revolving credit facility on October 15, 2018. In December 2018, Boats LLC made a voluntary principal payment on the revolving credit facility in the amount of $15,000.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at Boats LLC's option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.75% to 3.00% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 0.75% to 2.00% with respect to Base Rate borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of the LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. Boats LLC is required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility which ranges from 0.25% to 0.50% per annum, depending on the LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio. Boats LLC was also required to pay a ticking fee at a rate of 0.30% per annum on the $50,000 Incremental
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Revolving Commitment from August 21, 2018 until the date that the conditions for the lenders to provide the Incremental Revolving Commitment were met, which occurred on October 15, 2018, the closing date of the Company's purchase of assets of Pursuit. The Company is not a party to the Credit Agreement, and the obligations of Boats LLC under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the LLC, and, subject to certain exceptions, the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Boats LLC, and all such obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the LLC, Boats LLC and such subsidiary guarantors pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Security Agreement, by and among Boats LLC, the LLC, the subsidiary guarantors, and SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent, dated as of June 28, 2017, and other collateral documents. The weighted average interest rate on the term loan was 4.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2018.
The Credit Agreement permits prepayment of the term loan facilities without penalty. The $55,000 term loan is subject to quarterly installments of approximately $700 per quarter until March 31, 2019, then approximately $1,000 per quarter until June 30, 2021, and approximately $1,400 per quarter through March 31, 2021. The $105,000 term loan is subject to quarterly installments of approximately $1,300 per quarter until March 31, 2019, then approximately $2,000 per quarter until June 30, 2021, and approximately $2,600 per quarter through March 31, 2022. The Company used proceeds from an offering on August 14, 2017 to repay $50,000 on its term loans under the Credit Agreement and exercised its option to apply the prepayment to principal installments through December 31, 2021, and a portion of principal installments due on March 31, 2022. Accordingly, no principal payments are required under the Credit Agreement until March 31, 2022, and as such, all borrowings as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018, are reflected as noncurrent. The $50,000 repayment resulted in a write-off of deferred financing costs of $829 which was included in amortization expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. The balance of both term loans is due on the scheduled maturity date of July 1, 2022. The Credit Agreement is also subject to prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by Boats LLC or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The Credit Agreement also requires compliance with certain customary financial covenants, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The Credit Agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on certain activities of the loan parties under the Credit Agreement, such as the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the Credit Agreement generally prohibits the LLC, Boats LLC and the subsidiary guarantors from paying dividends or making distributions, including to the Company. The credit facility permits, however, (i) distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, (ii) distributions to fund payments that are required under the LLC’s tax receivable agreement, (iii) purchase of stock or stock options of the LLC from former officers, directors or employees of loan parties or payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2,000 in any fiscal year, and (iv) share repurchase payments up to $20,000 in any fiscal year subject to one-year carry forward and compliance with other financial covenants. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $6,000 in any fiscal year, subject to compliance with other financial covenants.
In connection with entering into the Credit Agreement, the Company capitalized $2,074 in deferred financing costs during fiscal 2018. These costs, in addition to the unamortized balance related to costs associated with the Company's previous credit facility of $671, are being amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement into interest expense using the effective interest method and presented as a direct offset to the total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.
Covenant Compliance
As of December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement.
Interest Rate Swap
On July 1, 2015, the Company entered into a five year floating to fixed interest rate swap with an effective start date of July 1, 2015. The swap is based on a one-month LIBOR rate versus a 1.52% fixed rate on a notional value of $39,250, which was equal to 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan at the time of the swap arrangement. Under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, all derivative instruments are recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either short term or long term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. Refer to Fair Value Measurements in Note 11. The Company has elected not to designate its interest rate swap as a hedge for accounting purposes; therefore, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are being recognized in earnings in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recorded a loss of $129 and a gain of $172, respectively, and for the the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded a loss of $132 and a gain of $203, respectively, for the change in fair value of the
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interest rate swap, which is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
10. Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
The Company has a tax receivable agreement with the pre-IPO owners of the LLC that provides for payment by the Company to the pre-IPO owners (or their permitted assignees) of 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the tax receivable agreement, including those attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. These contractual payment obligations are obligations of the Company and not of the LLC. The Company's tax receivable agreement liability was determined on an undiscounted basis in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, since the contractual payment obligations were deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable. The tax receivable agreement further provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, the Company (or its successor) would owe to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC a lump-sum payment equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the tax receivable agreement that would be based on certain assumptions, including a deemed exchange of LLC Units and that the Company would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax basis and other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement. The Company also is entitled to terminate the tax receivable agreement, which, if terminated, would obligate the Company to make early termination payments to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC. In addition, a pre-IPO owner may elect to unilaterally terminate the tax receivable agreement with respect to such pre-IPO owner, which would obligate the Company to pay to such existing owner certain payments for tax benefits received through the taxable year of the election.
For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, the benefit deemed realized by the Company will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that the Company would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of the LLC as a result of the purchases or exchanges, and had the Company not entered into the tax receivable agreement.
The following table reflects the changes to the Company's tax receivable agreement liability:

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement | $ | 55,046 |  |  | $ | 82,291 |
Additions (reductions) to tax receivable agreement: |  |  |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock | 2,553 |  |  | 1,685 |
Adjustment for change in estimated tax rate | — |  |  | (24,637 | )
Payments under tax receivable agreement | — |  |  | (4,293 | )
| 57,599 |  |  | 55,046 |
Less current portion under tax receivable agreement | (3,932 | ) |  | (3,932 | )
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | $ | 53,667 |  |  | $ | 51,114 |

When estimating the expected tax rate to use in order to determine the tax benefit expected to be recognized from the Company’s increased tax basis as a result of exchanges of LLC Units by the pre-IPO owners of the LLC, the Company continuously monitors changes in its overall tax posture, including changes resulting from new legislation and changes as a result of new jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the U.S. Congress enacted tax legislation called the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("the Tax Act") on December 22, 2017, which, among other provisions, lowered the Company's U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act lowered the estimated tax rate used to compute the Company's future tax obligations and, in turn, reduced the future tax benefit expected to be realized by the Company related to increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by pre-IPO owners of the LLC. The change in the underlying tax-rate assumptions used to estimate the tax receivable agreement liability, resulted in a decrease in the tax receivable agreement liability of $30,317 during the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Also, during the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company acquired Cobalt, which expanded the Company's footprint into new state tax jurisdictions. This change in the Company's state tax posture increased the estimated tax rate used in computing the Company's future tax obligations and, in turn, increased the future tax benefit expected to be realized by the Company related to increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by pre-IPO owners of the LLC. The change in the underlying tax-rate assumptions used to estimate the tax receivable agreement liability resulted in an increase in
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the tax receivable agreement liability of $6,047 during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. These amounts are included in other (income) expense, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Additionally, during the second quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company analyzed the impact of the Pursuit acquisition on its state footprint and determined that there was an immaterial change to the estimated tax rate used in computing the Company's future tax obligations.
As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the Company had deferred tax assets of $110,435 and $107,293, respectively, associated with basis differences in assets upon acquiring an interest in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and pursuant to making an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Internal Revenue Code"), as amended. The aggregate tax receivable agreement liability represents 85% of the tax benefits that the Company expects to receive in connection with the Section 754 election. In accordance with the tax receivable agreement, the next annual payment is anticipated approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return due by April 15, 2019.
11. Fair Value Measurements
In determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, the Company employs a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. As defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). Financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on the reliability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

• | Level 1—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

• | Level 2—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• | Level 3—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities.

The hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
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Assets and liabilities that had recurring fair value measurements were as follows:

| Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
As of December 31, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | — |
As of June 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | — |

Fair value measurements for the Company’s interest rate swap are classified under Level 2 because such measurements are based on significant other observable inputs. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 as of December 31, 2018 or June 30, 2018.
The Company’s nonfinancial assets and liabilities that have nonrecurring fair value measurements include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangibles.
In assessing the need for goodwill impairment, management relies on a number of factors, including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, transactions and marketplace data. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company generally uses projected cash flows, discounted as necessary, to estimate the fair values of property, plant and equipment and intangibles using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These assets and certain liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as part of the Company’s impairment assessments and as circumstances require.
12. Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level. The LLC continues to operate in the United States as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made.
As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the Company maintained a valuation allowance of $13,215 and $12,716, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to state net operating losses and future amortization deductions (with respect to the Section 754 election) that are reported in the Tennessee corporate tax return without offsetting income, which is taxable at the LLC. The increase in the valuation allowance is due to the exchanges of LLC Units into Class A common stock by certain LLC Unit holders during the six months ended December 31, 2018.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted which, among a number of its provisions, lowered the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s consolidated interim effective tax rate is based upon expected annual income from operations, statutory tax rates and tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant or unusual items, including those related to the change in U.S. tax law noted above as well as other adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the quarter in which the related event occurs.
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On October 15, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Pursuit. This did not have a significant impact to the effective tax rate. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company's effective tax rate was 21.5% and 344.9%, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company's effective tax rate was 22.2% and 98.4%, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company's effective tax rate exceeded the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% due to the impact of U.S. state taxes. This effect was partially offset by a windfall benefit generated by certain stock based compensation during the quarter, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC, a passthrough entity for U.S. federal tax purposes. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 , the principal differences in the Company's effective tax rate with the blended statutory federal income tax rate of approximately 28% relate to the impact of one-time items due to the change in tax law enacted in connection with the Tax Act and the impact of the additional jurisdictions in which the Company is taxed as a result of the Cobalt acquisition. Additionally, the Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2017 is related to, to a lesser extent, the impact of the non-controlling interests in the LLC, a pass-through entity for U.S. federal tax purposes, state income taxes attributable to the LLC, and the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company adopted a long term incentive plan which became effective on January 1, 2014, and reserves for issuance up to 1,700,000 shares of Malibu Boats, Inc. Class A Common Stock for the Company’s employees, consultants, members of its board of directors and other independent contractors at the discretion of the compensation committee. Incentive stock awards authorized under the Incentive Plan include unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent awards and performance awards. As of December 31, 2018, 880,541 shares remain available for future issuance under the long term incentive plan. Readers should refer to Note 13 to the fiscal 2018 audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, for additional information related to the Company's awards and the Incentive Plan.
On August 22, 2018, the Company granted 50,000 options to certain key employees to purchase from the Company shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $42.13 per share. The term of the options commenced on August 22, 2018 and will expire on August 21, 2024, the day before the sixth anniversary of the grant date. Under the terms of the agreements, the awards will vest ratably over four years on each anniversary of their grant date. At August 22, 2018, the fair value of the option awards was $733 and was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: risk-free rate of 2.7%, expected volatility of 38.4%, expected term of 4.25 years, and no dividends. Stock-based compensation expense attributable to the service based options is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Compensation costs associated with performance based option awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation.
On November 1, 2018, the Company granted 35,000 restricted stock units and 48,000 restricted stock awards to key employees under the Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these awards was $3,474 based on a stock price of $41.85 per share on the date of grant. Under the terms of the agreements, 71% of the awards will vest ratably over four years beginning on November 6, 2019 and approximately 29% of the awards will vest in tranches based on the achievement of annual or cumulative performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance based awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation.
Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve at the date of grant.
Expected term. The Company used the simplified method to estimate the expected term of stock options. The simplified method assumes that employees will exercise share options evenly between the period when the share options are vested and ending on the date when the share options would expire.
Expected volatility. The Company determined expected volatility based on its historical volatility calculated using daily observations of the closing price of its publicly traded common stock.
Expected dividend. The Company has not estimated any dividend yield as the Company currently does not pay a dividend and does not anticipate paying a dividend over the expected term.
The following is a summary of the changes in the Company's stock options for the six months ended December 31, 2018:
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|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Shares |  | Price or range per share |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price/Share |
Total outstanding options at June 30, 2018 |  | 144,000 |  |  | $27.24 |  | $ | 27.24 |  |
Options granted |  | 50,000 |  |  | 42.13 |  | 42.13 |  |
Options exercised |  | (28,500 | ) |  | (25.85) - (30.87) |  | (26.29 | ) |
Outstanding options at end of period |  | 165,500 |  |  | 25.85 - 42.13 |  | 31.91 |  |
Exercisable at end of period |  | 7,500 |  |  | $30.87 |  | $ | 30.87 |  |

The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards for the six months ended December 31, 2018:

| Number of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of June 30, 2018 | 227,154 |  |  | $ | 20.84 |
Granted | 97,702 |  |  | 42.05 |
Vested | (98,625 | ) |  | (22.61 | )
Forfeited | (1,600 | ) |  | (22.21 | )
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of December 31, 2018 | 224,631 |  |  | $ | 29.28 |

Stock compensation expense attributable to the Company's share-based equity awards was $655 and $488 for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,131 and $850 for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Stock compensation expense attributed to share-based equity awards issued under the Incentive Plan is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective awards and is included in general and administrative expense in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.
14. Net Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company's earnings by the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing basic net income per share includes fully vested restricted stock units awarded to directors that are entitled to participate in distributions to common shareholders through receipt of additional units of equivalent value to the dividends paid to Class A Common Stock holders.
Diluted net income per share of Class A Common Stock is computed similarly to basic net income per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents using the treasury method, if dilutive. The Company’s LLC Units and non-qualified stock options are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. The number of additional shares of Class A Common Stock related to these common stock equivalents and stock options are calculated using the treasury stock method.
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Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock has been computed as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 14,257 |  |  | $ | (6,383 | ) |  | $ | 25,555 |  |  | $ | (498 | )
Shares used in computing basic net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock | 20,689,779 |  |  | 20,263,999 |  |  | 20,577,182 |  |  | 19,644,918 |
Weighted-average participating restricted stock units convertible into Class A Common Stock | 185,464 |  |  | 165,628 |  |  | 180,913 |  |  | 159,274 |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 20,875,243 |  |  | 20,429,627 |  |  | 20,758,095 |  |  | 19,804,192 |
Basic net income (loss) per share | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 14,257 |  |  | $ | (6,383 | ) |  | $ | 25,555 |  |  | $ | (498 | )
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 20,875,243 |  |  | 20,429,627 |  |  | 20,758,095 |  |  | 19,804,192 |
Restricted stock units granted to employees | 94,654 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,374 |  |  | — |
Stock options granted to employees | 20,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,399 |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1 | 20,990,313 |  |  | 20,429,627 |  |  | 20,883,868 |  |  | 19,804,192 |
Diluted net income (loss) per share | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )

1 The Company excluded (i) 904,652 and 1,274,484 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and (ii) 924,652 and 1,274,484 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as these units would have been antidilutive.
The shares of Class B Common Stock do not share in the earnings or losses of Malibu Boats, Inc. and are therefore not included in the calculation. Accordingly, basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class B Common Stock has not been presented.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Repurchase Commitments
In connection with its dealers’ wholesale floor plan financing of boats, the Company has entered into repurchase agreements with various lending institutions. The reserve methodology used to record an estimated expense and loss reserve in each accounting period is based upon an analysis of likely repurchases based on current field inventory and likelihood of repurchase. Subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood of repurchase and adjusts the estimated loss reserve accordingly. When a potential loss reserve is recorded it is presented in accrued liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. If the Company were obligated to repurchase a significant number of units under any repurchase agreement, its business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. The total amount financed under the floor financing programs with repurchase obligations was $266,565 and $163,626 as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively.
Repurchases and subsequent sales are recorded as a revenue transaction. The net difference between the repurchase price and the resale price is recorded against the loss reserve and presented in cost of sales in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company did not carry a reserve for repurchases as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.
The Company has collateralized receivables financing arrangements with a third-party floor plan financing provider for European dealers. Under terms of both arrangements, the Company transfers the right to collect a trade receivable to the financing provider in exchange for cash but agrees to repurchase the receivable if the dealer defaults. Since the transfer of the
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receivable to the financing provider does not meet the conditions for a sale under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, the Company continues to report the transferred trade receivable in other current assets with an offsetting balance recorded as a secured obligation in accrued expenses in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the Company had financing receivables of $633 and $453, respectively, recorded in other current assets and accrued expenses related to these arrangements.
Contingencies
Certain conditions may exist which could result in a loss, but which will only be resolved when future events occur. The Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessments inherently involve an exercise of judgment. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a loss has been incurred, the Company accrues for such contingent loss when it can be reasonably estimated. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but reasonably estimable, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. If the assessment of a contingency deemed to be both probable and reasonably estimable involves a range of possible losses, the amount within the range that appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range would be accrued. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount in the range is accrued even though the minimum amount in the range is not necessarily the amount of loss that will be ultimately determined.
Estimates of potential legal fees and other directly related costs associated with contingencies are not accrued but rather are expensed as incurred. Except as disclosed below under "Legal Proceedings," management does not believe there are any pending claims (asserted or unasserted) at December 31, 2018 (unaudited) or June 30, 2018 that may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Legal Proceedings
On January 12, 2018, the Company filed suit against Skier’s Choice, Inc., or "Skier’s Choice," in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company's complaint alleges Skier’s Choice’s infringement of three utility patents - U.S. Patent Nos. 9,260,161, 8,578,873, and 9,199,695 - related to wake surfing technology. Skier’s Choice denied liability arising from the causes of action alleged in the Company's complaint and filed counterclaims alleging invalidity of the asserted patents. The parties are currently engaged in discovery. The Company intends to vigorously pursue this litigation to enforce its rights in its patented technology and believes that Skier’s Choice’s counterclaims are without merit. Trial is set for October 21, 2019.
On January 21, 2015, Cobalt, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Brunswick Corporation and its subsidiary Sea Ray Boats, Inc. alleging that certain of the Sea Ray's branded boats infringed upon Cobalt's patented submersible swim step technology (U.S. Patent No. 8,375,880). On October 31, 2017, the US District Court in the Eastern District of Virginia entered an amended judgment on the jury verdict in favor of Cobalt.
16. Segment Information
The following tables present financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the Company’s financial position at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively:
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| Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2018
| Malibu US |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total |  | Malibu U.S. |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total
Net sales | $ | 86,760 |  |  | $ | 45,846 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 7,299 |  |  | $ | (4,039 | ) |  | $ | 165,793 |  |  | $ | 157,707 |  |  | $ | 94,106 |  |  | $ | 29,927 |  |  | $ | 13,292 |  |  | $ | (5,756 | ) |  | $ | 289,276 |
Affiliate (or intersegment) sales | 4,039 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,039 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5,756 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,756 | ) |  | — |
Net sales to external customers | 82,721 |  |  | 45,846 |  |  | 29,927 |  |  | 7,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 165,793 |  |  | 151,951 |  |  | 94,106 |  |  | 29,927 |  |  | 13,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 289,276 |
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 10,850 |  |  | $ | 5,417 |  |  | $ | 2,521 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | (131 | ) |  | $ | 19,117 |  |  | $ | 19,079 |  |  | $ | 12,264 |  |  | $ | 2,521 |  |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | (66 | ) |  | $ | 34,715 |
| Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
| Malibu US |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total |  | Malibu U.S. |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Malibu Australia |  | Eliminations |  | Total
Net sales | $ | 70,226 |  |  | $ | 39,367 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,925 |  |  | $ | (2,145 | ) |  | $ | 114,373 |  |  | $ | 133,258 |  |  | $ | 76,285 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,688 |  |  | $ | (4,317 | ) |  | $ | 217,914 |
Affiliate (or intersegment) sales | 2,145 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,145 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,317 | ) |  | — |
Net sales to external customers | 68,081 |  |  | 39,367 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,925 |  |  | — |  |  | 114,373 |  |  | 128,941 |  |  | 76,285 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 217,914 |
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 40,845 |  |  | $ | 3,369 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 766 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 44,974 |  |  | $ | 44,717 |  |  | $ | 5,193 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 51,130 |

| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Malibu U.S. | $ | 385,568 |  |  | $ | 327,181 |
Cobalt | 147,930 |  |  | 157,616 |
Pursuit | 111,594 |  |  | — |
Malibu Australia | 20,969 |  |  | 20,128 |
Eliminations | (227,118 | ) |  | (139,157 | )
Total assets | $ | 438,943 |  |  | $ | 365,768 |

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Some of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, certain statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, may constitute forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify these “forward-looking statements” by words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results to vary materially from our future results, performance or achievements, or those of our industry, expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others: the impact of our recent acquisition of the assets of Pursuit Boats ("Pursuit"); our ability to grow our business through acquisitions or strategic alliances and new partnerships; general industry, economic and business conditions; demand for our products; changes in consumer preferences; competition within our industry; our reliance on our network of independent dealers; our ability to manage our manufacturing levels and our large fixed cost base; the successful introduction of our new products; and the success of our engines integration strategy as well as other factors affecting us discussed under the heading “Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on September 6, 2018 ("Form 10-K"). Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside our control, and there may be other risks and uncertainties which we do not currently anticipate because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We do not intend and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking information to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein.
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Malibu Boats, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal offices in Loudon, Tennessee. We use the terms “Malibu,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references to refer to Malibu Boats, Inc., its subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, or the LLC, and its subsidiary Malibu Boats, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Cobalt Boats, LLC and PB Holdco, LLC, through which we acquired the assets of Pursuit.
Overview
We are a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of a diverse range of recreational powerboats, including performance sport boats, sterndrive and outboard boats. Malibu Boats, Inc. is the market leader in the performance sport boat category through our Malibu and Axis Wake Research boat brands, the leader in the 20’ - 40’ segment of the sterndrive boat category through our Cobalt brand and, as a result of our recent acquisition, in a leading position in the fiberglass outboard fishing boat market with our Pursuit brand. See “--Acquisition of Pursuit” below for more information. Our product portfolio of premium brands are used for a broad range of recreational boating activities including, among others, water sports, general recreational boating and fishing. Our passion for consistent innovation, which has led to propriety technology such as Surf Gate, has allowed us to expand the market for our products by introducing consumers to new and exciting recreational activities. We design products that appeal to an expanding range of recreational boaters and water sports enthusiasts whose passion for boating and water sports is a key component of their active lifestyle and provide consumers with a better customer-inspired experience. With performance, quality, value and multi-purpose features, our product portfolio has us well positioned to broaden our addressable market and achieve our goal of increasing our market share in the expanding recreational boating industry.
We currently sell our boats under four brands—Malibu; Axis; Cobalt; and Pursuit. Our flagship Malibu boats offer our latest innovations in performance, comfort and convenience, and are designed for consumers seeking a premium performance sport boat experience. Retail prices of our Malibu boats typically range from $55,000 to $180,000. We launched our Axis boats in 2009 to appeal to consumers who desire a more affordable performance sport boat product but still demand high performance, functional simplicity and the option to upgrade key features. Retail prices of our Axis boats typically range from $55,000 to $105,000. Our Cobalt boats consist of mid to large-sized luxury cruisers and bowriders that we believe offer the ultimate experience in comfort, performance and quality. Retail prices for our Cobalt boats typically range from $55,000 to $750,000. Our recent acquisition of Pursuit expands our product offerings into the saltwater outboard fishing market and includes center console, dual console and offshore models. Retail prices for our Pursuit boats typically range from $80,000 to $800,000.
We sell our boats through a dealer network that we believe is the strongest in the recreational powerboat industry. As of July 1, 2018, our distribution channel consisted of over 300 dealer locations globally. Our acquisition of Pursuit has added approximately 40 new dealers. Our dealer base is an important part of our consumers’ experience, our marketing efforts and our brands. We devote significant time and resources to find, develop and improve the performance of our dealers and believe our dealer network gives us a distinct competitive advantage.
On a consolidated basis, we achieved second quarter fiscal 2019 net sales, gross profit, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA of $165.8 million, $38.3 million, $15.0 million and $29.4 million, respectively, compared to $114.4 million, $27.5 million, $(5.6) million and $20.6 million, respectively, for the second quarter of fiscal 2018. For the second quarter of fiscal 2019, net sales increased 45.0%, gross profit increased 39.2%, net income increased 368.6% and adjusted EBITDA increased 42.5% as compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018. On a consolidated basis, we achieved first half fiscal 2019 net sales, gross profit, net income and adjusted EBITDA of $289.3 million, $68.8 million, $27.0 million and $52.3 million, respectively, compared to $217.9 million, $50.4 million, $0.8 million and $38.3 million, respectively, for the first half of fiscal 2018. For the first half of fiscal 2019, net sales increased 32.7%, gross profit increased 36.4%, net income increased 3,154.6% and adjusted EBITDA increased 36.6% as compared to the first half of fiscal 2018. Our results for fiscal 2019 include Pursuit since our acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018. For the definition of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income (loss), see “GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
We currently report our results of operations under four reportable segments: Malibu U.S., Malibu Australia, Cobalt and Pursuit, based on our boat manufacturing operations. The Malibu U.S. and Malibu Australia segments participate in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of Malibu and Axis performance sport boats. The Malibu U.S. segment primarily serves markets in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia while the Malibu Australia operating segment principally serves the Australian and New Zealand markets. Our Cobalt segment participates in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of Cobalt boats throughout the world. Our Pursuit segment participates in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of Pursuit boats throughout the world. Malibu U.S. is our largest segment and represented 52.5% and 59.2% of our net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cobalt represented 32.5% and 35.0% of our net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We completed the acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018 and Pursuit represented 10.4% of our net sales for the six months ended
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December 31, 2018 . Malibu Australia represented 4.6% and 5.8% of our net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 16 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about our reporting segments.
Acquisition of Pursuit
On October 15, 2018, we completed our acquisition of assets of the Pursuit Boats division of S2 Yachts, Inc., pursuant to an asset purchase agreement dated as of August 21, 2018. We paid an aggregate purchase price of $100.1 million. A portion of the purchase price was deposited into an escrow account to secure certain post-closing obligations of the sellers. We paid the purchase price for the acquisition with $50.1 million of cash on hand and $50.0 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
As noted, we borrowed $50.0 million under our revolving credit facility to fund a portion of the purchase price of Pursuit. Our subsidiary, Malibu Boats, LLC, as the borrower, entered into the First Incremental Facility Amendment and First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to its existing Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2017 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Amendment increased the amount available under the revolving credit facility by $50.0 million (the “Incremental Revolving Commitment”) from $35.0 million to $85.0 million. The availability of the Incremental Revolving Commitment was subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Amendment, including the closing of the acquisition of the assets of Pursuit. Malibu was required to pay a ticking fee at a rate of 0.30% per annum on the $50.0 million Incremental Revolving Commitment until the conditions for the lenders to provide the Incremental Revolving Commitment were met, which occurred on October 15, 2018, the closing date of the acquisition. Revolving loans made pursuant to the Amendment have terms and conditions identical to revolving loans under the Credit Agreement.
Outlook
Industry-wide marine retail registrations continue to recover from the years following the global financial crisis. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., domestic retail registration volumes of performance sport boats, fiberglass sterndrive and fiberglass outboards increased at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 6.5% between 2011 and 2017, for the 50 reporting states. This has been led by growth in our core market, performance sport boats, having produced a double digit compound annual growth rate over that period. Domestic retail demand growth has continued in performance sport boats for calendar year 2018 and, in fact, has accelerated versus 2017. Fiberglass sterndrive and outboard boats, the target markets for our Cobalt and Pursuit branded products, have seen their combined market grow at a 6.0% compound annual growth rate between 2011 and 2017. That growth has been driven by the outboard market where Pursuit is focused and Cobalt is a new entrant and where we plan to meaningfully expand our market share in the future. While Cobalt’s primary market for sterndrive propulsion has been challenged, their performance has been helped by strength in larger sterndrive boats and market share gains. We expect the growing demand for our products to continue, and there are numerous variables that have the potential to impact our volumes, both positively and negatively. For example, we believe the substantial decrease in the price of oil, broad strength of the U.S. dollar and recently implemented tariffs has resulted in reduced demand for our boats in certain markets. To date, growth in our domestic market has offset significantly diminished demand from economies that are driven by the oil industry and international markets. Consumer confidence, expanded or eroded, is a variable that could also impact demand in both directions. Additionally, we are monitoring the possibility of another federal government shutdown in the United States, as we believe a prolonged shutdown could result in a negative impact on our business. Other challenges that could impact demand for recreational powerboats include higher interest rates reducing retail consumer appetite for our product, the availability of credit to our dealers and retail consumers, fuel costs, a meaningful reduction in the value of global or domestic equity markets, the continued acceptance of our new products in the recreational boating market, our ability to compete in the competitive power boating industry, and the costs of labor and certain of our raw materials and key components.
Since 2008, we have increased our market share among manufacturers of performance sport boats due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features. As the market for our product has recovered our competitors have become more aggressive in their product introductions, increased their distribution and begun to compete with our patented Surf Gate system. This competitive environment has continued throughout the past few years, but we continue to maintain a strong lead over our nearest competitor in terms of market position and believe that we are well positioned to maintain our industry leading position given our strong dealer network and new product pipeline. In addition, we continue to be the market share leader in both the premium and value-oriented product sub-categories.
We believe our track record of expanding our market share due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features is directly transferable to our Cobalt and Pursuit acquisitions. While Cobalt and Pursuit are market leaders in certain areas, we believe our experience positions us to execute a strategy to drive enhanced share by expanding both the Cobalt and Pursuit product offerings with different foot lengths, different boat types and different propulsion technologies. Our new product development efforts at Cobalt and Pursuit will take time and our ability to influence
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near-term model introductions is limited, but we have already begun to execute on this strategy. We believe enhancing new product development combined with diligent management of the Cobalt and Pursuit dealer networks positions us to meaningfully improve our share of the sterndrive and outboard markets over time.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that our results of operations and our growth prospects are affected by a number of factors, such as the economic environment and consumer demand for our products, our ability to develop new products and innovate, our product mix, our ability to manage manufacturing costs, including through our vertical integration efforts, sales cycles and inventory levels, the strength of our dealer network and our ability to offer dealer financing and incentives. While we do not have control of all factors affecting our results from operations, we work diligently to influence and manage those factors which we can impact to enhance our results of operations.
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Components of Results of Operations
Net Sales
We primarily generate revenue from sales to our dealers. The substantial majority of our net sales are derived from the sale of boats and trailers, including optional features included at the time of the initial wholesale purchase of the boat. Net sales consists of the following:

• | Gross sales from:

• | Boat and trailer sales—consists of sales of boats and trailers to our dealer network. Nearly all of our boat sales include optional feature upgrades purchased by the consumer, which increase the average selling price of our boats; and

• | Parts and other sales—consists of sales of replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories to our dealer network; and consists of royalty income earned from license agreements with various boat manufacturers, including Nautique, Chaparral, Mastercraft, and Tige related to the use of our intellectual property.

• | Net sales are net of:

• | Sales returns—consists primarily of contractual repurchases of boats either repossessed by the floor plan financing provider from the dealer or returned by the dealer in limited circumstances and at our discretion under our warranty program; and

• | Rebates, free flooring and discounts—consists of incentives, rebates and free flooring, we provide to our dealers based on sales of eligible products. For our Malibu and Axis models, if a dealer meets its monthly or quarterly commitment volume based on tier, as well as other terms of the rebate program, the dealer is entitled to a specified rebate tied to each tier. Cobalt dealers are entitled to volume-based discounts taken at the time of invoice. For our Pursuit models, if a dealer meets its quarterly or annual retail volume goals, the dealer is entitled to a specific rebate tied to each tier and applied to their wholesale volume purchased from Pursuit. For Malibu and Cobalt models and select Pursuit models, our dealers that take delivery of current model year boats in the offseason, typically July through April in the U.S., are also entitled to have us pay the interest to floor the boat until the earlier of (1) the sale of the unit or (2) a date near the end of the current model year, which incentive we refer to as “free flooring.” From time to time, we may extend the flooring program to eligible models beyond the offseason period.

Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales includes all of the costs to manufacture our products, including raw materials, components, supplies, direct labor and factory overhead. For components and accessories manufactured by third-party vendors, such costs represent the amounts invoiced by the vendors. Shipping costs and depreciation expense related to manufacturing equipment and facilities are also included in cost of sales. Warranty costs associated with the repair or replacement of our boats under warranty are also included in cost of sales.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include selling and marketing, and general and administrative costs. Each of these items includes personnel and related expenses, supplies, non-manufacturing overhead, third-party professional fees and various other operating expenses. Further, selling and marketing expenditures include the cost of advertising and various promotional sales incentive programs. General and administrative expenses include, among other things, salaries, benefits and other personnel related expenses for employees engaged in product development, engineering, finance, information technology, human resources and executive management. Other costs include outside legal and accounting fees, investor relations, risk management (insurance) and other administrative costs. General and administrative expenses also include product development expenses associated with our engines vertical integration initiative and acquisition or integration related expenses.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net consists of interest expense and other income or (expense), net. Interest expense consists of interest charged on our term loan and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, interest on our interest rate swap arrangement and change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015, amortization of deferred financing costs on our amended and restated credit agreement and adjustments to our tax receivable agreement liability.
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Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax in multiple jurisdictions with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. The LLC is a pass-through entity for federal purposes but incurs income tax in certain state jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes reflects an estimated effective income tax rate attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.'s share of income. Our provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 reflects a reported effective tax rate of 21.5% and 22.2%, respectively, which differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% due to the impact of U.S. state taxes, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC. Our effective tax rate also reflects the impact of our share of the LLC's permanent items such as stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest
As of December 31, 2018, we had a 96.1% controlling economic interest and 100% voting interest in the LLC and, therefore, we consolidate the LLC's operating results for financial statement purposes. Net income attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling LLC members.
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Results of Operations
The table below sets forth our unaudited consolidated results of operations, expressed in thousands (except unit volume and net sales per unit) and as a percentage of net sales, for the periods presented. Our unaudited consolidated financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below will not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding.

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue
Net sales | 165,793 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 114,373 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 289,276 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 217,914 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales | 127,478 |  |  | 76.9 | % |  | 86,857 |  |  | 75.9 | % |  | 220,460 |  |  | 76.2 | % |  | 167,475 |  |  | 76.9 | %
Gross profit | 38,315 |  |  | 23.1 | % |  | 27,516 |  |  | 24.1 | % |  | 68,816 |  |  | 23.8 | % |  | 50,439 |  |  | 23.1 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 4,601 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 3,122 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 8,099 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 6,711 |  |  | 3.1 | %
General and administrative | 11,232 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 7,435 |  |  | 6.5 | % |  | 20,203 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 14,509 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Amortization | 1,538 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 1,304 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 2,818 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 2,612 |  |  | 1.2 | %
Operating income | 20,944 |  |  | 12.6 | % |  | 15,655 |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | 37,696 |  |  | 13.0 | % |  | 26,607 |  |  | 12.2 | %
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (17 | ) |  | — | % |  | (30,333 | ) |  | (26.5 | )% |  | (34 | ) |  | — | % |  | (27,736 | ) |  | (12.7 | )%
Interest expense | 1,844 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 1,014 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 3,015 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 3,213 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Other (income) expense, net | 1,827 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | (29,319 | ) |  | (25.6 | )% |  | 2,981 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | (24,523 | ) |  | (11.3 | )%
Income before provision for income taxes | 19,117 |  |  | 11.5 | % |  | 44,974 |  |  | 39.3 | % |  | 34,715 |  |  | 12.0 | % |  | 51,130 |  |  | 23.5 | %
Provision for income taxes | 4,119 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | 50,558 |  |  | 44.2 | % |  | 7,702 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 50,300 |  |  | 23.1 | %
Net income (loss) | 14,998 |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | (5,584 | ) |  | (4.9 | )% |  | 27,013 |  |  | 9.3 | % |  | 830 |  |  | 0.4 | %
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 741 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 799 |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | 1,458 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 1,328 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 14,257 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | (6,383 | ) |  | (5.6 | )% |  | 25,555 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | (498 | ) |  | (0.2 | )%
| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total
Volume by Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malibu U.S. | 1,005 |  |  | 57.1 | % |  | 893 |  |  | 60.0 | % |  | 1,858 |  |  | 56.7 | % |  | 1,660 |  |  | 59.3 | %
Cobalt | 545 |  |  | 31.0 | % |  | 510 |  |  | 34.2 | % |  | 1,128 |  |  | 34.4 | % |  | 979 |  |  | 35.0 | %
Pursuit | 111 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 111 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Australia | 99 |  |  | 5.6 | % |  | 86 |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | 179 |  |  | 5.5 | % |  | 159 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Total units | 1,760 |  |  |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  |  | 3,276 |  |  |  |  | 2,798 |  |  |
Volume by Brand |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malibu | 783 |  |  | 44.5 | % |  | 688 |  |  | 46.2 | % |  | 1,419 |  |  | 43.3 | % |  | 1,289 |  |  | 46.1 | %
Axis | 321 |  |  | 18.2 | % |  | 291 |  |  | 19.5 | % |  | 618 |  |  | 18.9 | % |  | 530 |  |  | 18.9 | %
Cobalt | 545 |  |  | 31.0 | % |  | 510 |  |  | 34.3 | % |  | 1,128 |  |  | 34.4 | % |  | 979 |  |  | 35.0 | %
Pursuit | 111 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 111 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total units | 1,760 |  |  |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  |  | 3,276 |  |  |  |  | 2,798 |  |  |
Net sales per unit | $ | 94,200 |  |  |  |  | $ | 76,812 |  |  |  |  | $ | 88,302 |  |  |  |  | $ | 77,882 |  |  |

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased $51.4 million, or 45.0%, to $165.8 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volume for the three months ended December 31, 2018, increased 271 units, or 18.2%, to 1,760 units as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Net sales attributable to our Malibu U.S. segment increased $14.6 million, or 21.5%, to $82.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volumes attributable to our Malibu U.S. segment increased 112 units for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net sales and unit volume for Malibu U.S. was driven primarily by strong demand for new models and optional features.
Net sales from our Cobalt segment increased $6.5 million, or 16.5%, to $45.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volumes attributable to Cobalt increased 35 units for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in Cobalt net sales and unit volume was driven primarily by strong demand for our R series models.
Since our acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018, net sales and unit volume contributed by Pursuit were $29.9 million and 111 units, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Net sales from our Malibu Australia segment increased $0.4 million, or 5.4%, to $7.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Overall consolidated net sales per unit increased 22.6% to $94,200 for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Net sales per unit for our Malibu U.S. segment increased 8.0% to $82,308 for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, driven by strong demand for optional features and year-over-year price increases. Net sales per unit for our Cobalt segment increased 9.0% to $84,121 for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, driven by a favorable mix of R series models which have a higher average selling price as well as year-over-year price increases. Net sales per unit for Pursuit for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was $269,613.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased $40.6 million, or 46.8%, to $127.5 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in cost of sales was driven primarily by incremental costs contributed by Pursuit since its acquisition in October 2018 and an increase in unit volumes at our Malibu U.S. and Cobalt businesses.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased $10.8 million, or 39.2%, to $38.3 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in gross profit was due mainly to higher unit volumes. Gross margin for the three months ended December 31, 2018 decreased 100 basis points from 24.1% to 23.1% over the same period in the prior fiscal year primarily due to $0.9 million of additional expense related to the fair value step up of Pursuit inventory acquired and sold during the period. Our gross margins increased year-over-year for our comparable businesses primarily as a result of our operational efficiency initiatives.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, increased $1.5 million or 47.4% compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017 due primarily to the incremental expenses from Pursuit since its acquisition. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses increased 10 basis points compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2018, increased $3.8 million, or 51.1%, to $11.2 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, largely due to incremental general and administrative expenses attributable to Pursuit since its acquisition, acquisition related expenses for our acquisition of Pursuit, which we completed in October 2018 and higher legal expenses. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses increased 30 basis points to 6.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Amortization expense for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, increased $0.2 million, or 17.9% to $1.5 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017 due to additional amortization expense related to intangibles acquired as part of the Pursuit acquisition.
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Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 changed by $31.1 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017 from income of $29.3 million to expense of $1.8 million. The change was primarily due to a $30.3 million reduction in the tax receivable agreement liability for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The reduction of our tax receivable agreement liability primarily resulted from a decrease in the estimated tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations as a result of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"), which, in turn, decreased the future tax benefit we expect to realize related to our increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by our pre-IPO owners. The remaining change is due to higher interest expense on loans, which had an overall higher average principal balance for the three month period ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, as a result of our $50.0 million of borrowing under our revolving credit facility to finance a portion of the purchase price for Pursuit.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2018, decreased $46.4 million, to $4.1 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in our provision for income taxes is the result of recording a non-cash provisional adjustment to income tax expense of $47.0 million during the three month period ended December 31, 2017 for the remeasurement of deferred taxes on the enactment date of the Tax Act and deferred tax impact related to the reduction in the tax receivable agreement liability. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, our effective tax rate of 21.5% differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of U.S. state taxes. This increase was partially offset by a windfall benefit generated by certain stock based compensation during the quarter, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC, a passthrough entity for U.S. federal tax purposes. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, our effective tax rate of 344.9% differs from the blended statutory federal income tax rate of approximately 28% primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act and the impact of the additional jurisdictions in which we are taxed as a result of the Cobalt acquisition. Our effective tax rate was also impacted by, to a lesser extent, the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC, state income taxes attributable to the LLC, and the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code").
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 3.9% and 5.4%, respectively.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 to the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
Net Sales
Net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2018 increased $71.3 million or 32.7%, to $289.3 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volume for the six months ended December 31, 2018, increased 478 units, or 17.1%, to 3,276 units as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017.
Net sales attributable to our Malibu U.S. segment increased $23.0 million, or 17.8%, to $152.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volumes attributable to our Malibu U.S. segment increased 198 units for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net sales and unit volume for Malibu U.S. was driven primarily by strong demand for new models and optional features.
Net sales from our Cobalt segment increased $17.8 million, or 23.4%, to $94.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. Unit volumes attributable to Cobalt increased 149 units for the six months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in Cobalt net sales and unit volume was driven primarily by strong demand for our R series models.
Since our acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018, net sales and unit volume contributed by Pursuit were $29.9 million and 111 units, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2018.
Net sales from our Malibu Australia segment increased $0.6 million, or 4.8%, to $13.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017.
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Overall consolidated net sales per unit increased 13.4% to $88,302 for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. Net sales per unit for our Malibu U.S. segment increased 5.3% to $81,782 for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017, driven by strong demand for optional features and year-over-year price increases. Net sales per unit for our Cobalt segment increased 7.1% to $83,427 for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017, driven by a favorable mix of R series models which have a higher average selling price as well as year-over-year price increases. Net sales per unit for Pursuit for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was $269,613.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the six months ended December 31, 2018 increased $53.0 million, or 31.6%, to $220.5 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in cost of sales was driven primarily by incremental costs contributed by Pursuit and an increase in unit volumes at our Malibu U.S. and Cobalt businesses.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the six months ended December 31, 2018 increased $18.4 million, or 36.4%, to $68.8 million compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in gross profit was due mainly to higher unit volumes. Gross margin for the six months ended December 31, 2018 increased 70 basis points from 23.1% to 23.8% over the same period in the prior fiscal year due primarily to efficiencies gained in our Cobalt business.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the six month period ended December 31, 2018, increased $1.4 million or 20.7%, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017 due primarily to the incremental expenses from the acquisition of Pursuit. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses decreased 30 basis points compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2018, increased $5.7 million, or 39.2%, to $20.2 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017, largely due to incremental general and administrative expenses attributable to Pursuit since its acquisition, acquisition related expenses for our acquisition of Pursuit, which we completed in October 2018 and higher legal expenses. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses increased 30 basis points to 7.0% for the six months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. Amortization expense for the six month period ended December 31, 2018, increased $0.2 million, or 7.9% to $2.8 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017 primarily due to additional amortization related to intangibles acquired as part of the Pursuit acquisition.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net for the six month period ended December 31, 2018 changed by $27.5 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017 from income of $24.5 million to expense of $3.0 million. The change was primarily due to a $27.7 million reduction in our tax receivable agreement liability for the six months ended December 31, 2017, which resulted in us recognizing a corresponding amount as other income. The reduction of our tax receivable agreement liability primarily resulted from a decrease in the estimated tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations as a result of the Tax Act, which, in turn, decreased the future tax benefit we expect to realize related to our increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by our pre-IPO owners.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended December 31, 2018, decreased $42.6 million, to $7.7 million compared to the six months ended December 31, 2017. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a non-cash provisional adjustment to income tax expense of $47.0 million for the remeasurement of deferred taxes on the enactment date of the Tax Act and deferred tax impact related to the reduction in the tax receivable agreement liability. This decrease was partially offset by higher pre-tax net income for the six months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. For the six months ended December 31, 2018, our effective tax rate of 22.2% differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of U.S. state taxes. This increase was partially offset by a windfall benefit generated by certain stock based compensation during the quarter, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC, a passthrough entity for U.S. federal tax purposes. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, our effective tax rate of 98.4% differs from the blended statutory federal income tax rate of approximately 28% primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act previously mentioned and the impact of the additional jurisdictions in which we are taxed as a result of the Cobalt acquisition. Our effective tax rate was also impacted by, to a lesser extent, the impact of noncontrolling interests in the LLC, state income taxes attributable to the LLC, and the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal
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Revenue Code. Our effective tax rate also reflects the impact of the Company's share of the LLC's permanent items such as stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the six month period ended December 31, 2018, by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 4.3% and 5.8%, respectively.
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GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management as well as by investors, commercial bankers, industry analysts and other users of our financial statements.
We define adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash, non-recurring or non-operating expenses, including certain professional fees, acquisition and integration related expenses, non-cash compensation expense, expenses related to our engine development initiative, and adjustments to our tax receivable agreement liability. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of net income as determined by GAAP. Management believes adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin allow investors to evaluate the company’s operating performance and compare our results of operations from period to period on a consistent basis by excluding items that management does not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to assist in highlighting trends in our operating results without regard to our financing methods, capital structure and non-recurring or non-operating expenses. We exclude the items listed above from net income in arriving at adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, the methods by which assets were acquired and other factors. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP or as an indicator of our liquidity. Certain items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historical costs of depreciable assets. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computations of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) | $ | 14,998 |  |  | $ | (5,584 | ) |  | $ | 27,013 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Provision for income taxes 1 | 4,119 |  |  | 50,558 |  |  | 7,702 |  |  | 50,300 |
Interest expense | 1,844 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 3,015 |  |  | 3,213 |
Depreciation | 2,495 |  |  | 1,687 |  |  | 4,358 |  |  | 3,417 |
Amortization | 1,538 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 2,612 |
Professional fees 2 | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |  |  | 26 |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 3 | 2,552 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 3,909 |  |  | 2,137 |
Stock-based compensation expense 4 | 655 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 850 |
Engine development 5 | 787 |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | 1,939 |  |  | 2,587 |
Adjustments to tax receivable agreement liability 6 | — |  |  | (30,317 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27,702 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 29,371 |  |  | $ | 20,612 |  |  | $ | 52,268 |  |  | $ | 38,270 |
Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 17.7 | % |  | 18.0 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 17.6 | %

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(1) | Provision for income taxes for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2018 reflects the impact of the Tax Act adopted in December 2017, which among other items, lowered the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. See Note 12 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with Skier's Choice, Inc. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with MasterCraft Boat Company, LLC ("MasterCraft") which was settled in May 2017. See Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(3) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, represents legal and advisory fees incurred in connection with our acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 represents legal and advisory fees as well as integration costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of Cobalt on July 6, 2017. Integration related expenses for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 include post-acquisition adjustments to cost of goods sold of $0.9 million for the fair value step up of Pursuit inventory acquired, most of which was sold during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Integration related expenses for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 include post-acquisition adjustments to cost of goods sold of $1.5 million for the fair value step up of Cobalt inventory acquired, most of which was sold during the first quarter of fiscal 2018.
(4) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to key employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. For more information, see Note 13 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(5) | Represents costs incurred in connection with our vertical integration of engines including product development costs and supplier transition performance incentives.
(6) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, we recognized other income as a result of a decrease in our estimated tax receivable agreement liability. The reduction in our tax receivable agreement liability resulted from the adoption of the Tax Act, which decreased the estimated tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations and, in turn, decreased the future tax benefit we expect to realize related to increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by our pre-IPO owners. Refer to Note 10 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

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Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income
We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income as net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. (i) excluding income tax expense, (ii) excluding the effect of non-recurring or non-cash items, (iii) assuming the exchange of all LLC units into shares of Class A Common Stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in the LLC, and (iv) reflecting an adjustment for income tax expense on fully distributed net income before income taxes at our estimated effective income tax rate. Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure because it represents net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., before non-recurring or non-cash items and the effects of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
We use Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone.
We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income assists our board of directors, management and investors in comparing our net income on a consistent basis from period to period because it removes non-cash or non-recurring items, and eliminates the variability of non-controlling interest as a result of member owner exchanges of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock.
In addition, because Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income measures, as presented in this Quarterly Report, may differ from and may, therefore, not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The following table shows the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Reconciliation of numerator for net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. |  | $ | 14,257 |  |  | $ | (6,383 | ) |  | $ | 25,555 |  |  | $ | (498 | )
Provision for income taxes 1 |  | 4,119 |  |  | 50,558 |  |  | 7,702 |  |  | 50,300 |
Professional fees 2 |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |  |  | 26 |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 3 |  | 3,688 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 5,798 |  |  | 3,523 |
Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 4 |  | 129 |  |  | (172 | ) |  | 132 |  |  | (203 | )
Stock-based compensation expense 5 |  | 655 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 850 |
Engine development 6 |  | 787 |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | 1,939 |  |  | 2,587 |
Adjustments to tax receivable agreement liability 7 |  | — |  |  | (30,317 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27,702 | )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 8 |  | 741 |  |  | 799 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 1,328 |
Fully distributed net income before income taxes |  | 24,759 |  |  | 17,130 |  |  | 44,098 |  |  | 30,211 |
Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 9 |  | 5,967 |  |  | 5,704 |  |  | 10,628 |  |  | 10,060 |
Adjusted fully distributed net income |  | $ | 18,792 |  |  | $ | 11,426 |  |  | $ | 33,470 |  |  | $ | 20,151 |

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|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Reconciliation of denominator for net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A Common Stock used for basic net income per share: 10 |  | 20,875,243 |  |  | 20,436,110 |  |  | 20,758,095 |  |  | 19,819,438 |
Adjustments to weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average LLC units held by non-controlling unit holders 11 |  | 844,652 |  |  | 1,170,314 |  |  | 925,963 |  |  | 1,211,709 |
Weighted-average unvested restricted stock awards issued to management 12 |  | 125,378 |  |  | 126,447 |  |  | 128,491 |  |  | 128,199 |
Adjusted weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  | 21,845,273 |  |  | 21,732,871 |  |  | 21,812,549 |  |  | 21,159,346 |

The following table shows the reconciliation of net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stock per share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Impact of adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes 1 |  | 0.20 |  |  | 2.47 |  |  | 0.37 |  |  | 2.54 |
Professional fees 2 |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 3 |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.18 |
Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 4 |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.01 | )
Stock-based compensation expense 5 |  | 0.03 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.04 |
Engine development 6 |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.13 |
Adjustment to tax receivable agreement liability 7 |  | — |  |  | (1.48 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1.40 | )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 8 |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.07 |
Fully distributed net income per share before income taxes |  | 1.20 |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | 2.12 |  |  | 1.52 |
Impact of income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 9 |  | (0.29 | ) |  | (0.28 | ) |  | (0.51 | ) |  | (0.51 | )
Impact of increased share count 13 |  | (0.05 | ) |  | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.06 | )
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  | $ | 0.95 |

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(1) | Provision for income taxes for the three months and six months ended December 31, 2018 reflects the impact of the Tax Act adopted in December 2017, which among other items, lowered the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. See Note 12 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with Skier's Choice, Inc. For the six months ended December 31, 2017, represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with MasterCraft which was settled in May 2017. See Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(3) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, represents legal and advisory fees incurred in connection with our acquisition of Pursuit on October 15, 2018. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 represents legal and advisory fees as well as integration costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of Cobalt on July 6, 2017. Integration related expenses for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 include post-acquisition adjustments to cost of goods sold of $0.9 million for the fair value step up of inventory acquired, most of which was sold during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. In addition, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, integration related expenses includes $0.4 million in depreciation and amortization associated with our fair value step up of property, plant and equipment and intangibles acquired in connection with the acquisition of Pursuit. Also, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, integration related expenses includes $0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in amortization associated with our fair value step up of intangibles acquired in connection with the acquisition of Cobalt. Integration related expenses for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 include post-acquisition adjustments to cost of goods sold of $1.5 million for the fair value step up of inventory acquired, most of which was sold during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In addition, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, integration related expenses includes $0.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, in depreciation and amortization associated with our fair value step up of property, plant and equipment and intangibles acquired in connection with the acquisition of Cobalt.
(4) | Represents the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap entered into on July 1, 2015.
(5) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to certain of our employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. See Note 13 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(6) | Represents costs incurred in connection with our vertical integration of engines including product development costs and supplier transition performance incentives.
(7) | For the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, we recognized other income as a result of a decrease in our estimated tax receivable agreement liability. The reduction in our tax receivable agreement liability resulted from the adoption of the Tax Act, which decreased the estimated tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations and, in turn, decreased the future tax benefit we expect to realize related to increased tax basis from previous sales and exchanges of LLC Units by our pre-IPO owners. Refer to Note 10 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(8) | Reflects the elimination of the non-controlling interest in the LLC as if all LLC members had fully exchanged their LLC Units for shares of Class A Common Stock.
(9) | Reflects income tax expense at an estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate of 24.1% and 33.3% of income before income taxes for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, assuming the conversion of all LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock. The estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate is based on the federal statutory rate plus a blended state rate adjusted for deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, state taxes attributable to the LLC, and foreign income taxes attributable to our Australian based subsidiary. The decrease in the normalized annual effective income tax rate to 24.1% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, is primarily the result of the Tax Act which was effective for periods after January 1, 2018, lowering the corporate tax rate to 21%, as well as an updated blended state rate, which considers the impacts of the Cobalt acquisition and a recent law change in Tennessee.
(10) | The difference in weighted average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 relates to the difference in the weighting of shares outstanding of Class A common stock during this period for the calculation of basic net income per share for our financial statements and basic net income per share for adjusted fully distributed net income.
(11) | Represents the weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units held by non-controlling interests assuming they were exchanged into Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis.
(12) | Represents the weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares during the applicable period that were convertible into Class A Common Stock and granted to members of management.
(13) | Reflects impact of increased share counts assuming the exchange of all weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock and the conversion of all weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares granted to members of management.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of funds have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit agreement. Our primary use of funds has been for acquisitions, repayments under our debt arrangements, capital investments, cash distributions to members of the LLC and cash payments under our tax receivable agreement. The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (dollars in thousands):

| Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Total cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 35,612 |  |  | $ | 27,025 |
Investing activities | (106,910 | ) |  | (130,475 | )
Financing activities | 33,654 |  |  | 107,340 |
Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances | (76 | ) |  | 19 |
Increase (decrease) in cash | $ | (37,720 | ) |  | $ | 3,909 |

Comparison of the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 to the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $35.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $27.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $8.6 million. The increase in cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from an increase of $10.6 million due to increases in net income (after consideration of non-cash items included in net income, including an adjustment to our tax receivable agreement liability and an adjustment to our deferred tax assets), offset by a net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $2.0 million related to the timing of collections of accounts receivables, payments for accruals and payables, and purchases of inventory.
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $106.9 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $130.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $23.6 million. The decrease in cash used was primarily related to the lower purchase price paid for Pursuit in October 2018 compared to the purchase price paid for Cobalt in July 2017. Remaining capital outlays consisted of normal purchases for manufacturing infrastructure and expansion activities, molds, and equipment.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $73.7 million to cash provided by financing activities of $33.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $107.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. For the six months ended December 31, 2018, we received $50.0 million in proceeds from our credit facility to fund the acquisition of Pursuit, we repaid $15.0 million of revolving debt borrowed for the Pursuit acquisition, we paid $0.9 million in distributions to LLC unit holders and $1.2 million on taxes for shares withheld on restricted stock vestings and we received $0.7 million proceeds from the exercise of stock options. During the six months ended December 31, 2017, we received proceeds of $105.0 million from our credit facility to fund the acquisition of Cobalt and $55.3 million in proceeds from our equity offering, which we used to repay $50.0 million on our outstanding term debt. In connection with the term debt and equity offering, we paid $1.1 million and $0.7 million in legal and advisory costs, respectively. In addition, during the six months ended December 31, 2017, we paid $0.6 million in distributions to LLC unit holders and $0.5 million in taxes for shares withheld on restricted stock vestings.
Loans and Commitments
We currently have a $110.0 million term loan outstanding and a revolving credit facility with $35.0 million outstanding and $50.0 million available for borrowing. Malibu Boats, LLC as the borrower (“Boats LLC”) entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with SunTrust Bank, as the administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing bank, on June 28, 2017, to refinance our prior credit facility and to provide funds for our purchase of Cobalt. The credit agreement provided us with a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $160.0 million ($55.0 million of which was drawn on June 28, 2017 to refinance the outstanding loans under our prior credit facility and $105.0 million of which was drawn on July 6, 2017 to fund the payment of the purchase price for our acquisition of Cobalt and certain fees and expenses related to entering into the
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credit agreement) and a revolving credit facility of up to $35.0 million. On August 17, 2017 we made a voluntary principal payment on the term loans in the amount of $50.0 million with a portion of the net proceeds from our equity offering completed on August 14, 2017. On August 21, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of Pursuit, Boats LLC entered into the First Incremental Facility Amendment and First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2017. The amendment increased the amount available under the revolving credit facility by $50.0 million (the “Incremental Revolving Commitment”) from $35.0 million to $85.0 million. On October 15, 2018, we borrowed $50.0 million under the revolving credit facility to pay for a portion of the purchase price of Pursuit. In December 2018, Boats LLC made a voluntary principal payment on the revolving credit facility in the amount of $15.0 million. Each of the term loans and the revolving credit facility have a maturity date of July 1, 2022.
Borrowings under our credit agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at our option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.75% to 3.00% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 0.75% to 2.00% with respect to Base Rate borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. As of December 31, 2018, the interest rate on each of our term loans and revolving credit facility was 4.50%. We are required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, which will range from 0.25% to 0.50% per annum, depending on Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio. We were also required to pay a ticking fee at a rate of 0.30% per annum on the $50.0 million Incremental Revolving Commitment from August 21, 2018 until the date that the conditions for the lenders to provide the Incremental Revolving Commitment were met, which occurred on October 15, 2018, the closing date of our purchase of assets of Pursuit. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the credit agreement, and the obligations of Boats LLC under the credit agreement are guaranteed by Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, and, subject to certain exceptions, the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Boats LLC, and all such obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Malibu Boats Holdings LLC, Boats LLC and such subsidiary guarantors.
The credit agreement permits prepayment of the term loans without any penalties. The $55.0 million term loan is subject to quarterly installments of approximately $0.7 million per quarter until March 31, 2019, then approximately $1.0 million per quarter until June 30, 2021, and approximately $1.4 million per quarter through March 31, 2021. The $105.0 million term loan is subject to quarterly installments of approximately $1.3 million per quarter until March 31, 2019, then approximately $2.0 million per quarter until June 30, 2021, and approximately $2.6 million per quarter through March 31, 2022. The balance of both term loans is due on the scheduled maturity date of July 1, 2022. On August 17, 2017 we made a voluntary principal payment on the term loans in the amount of $50.0 million with a portion of the net proceeds from our equity offering completed on August 14, 2017. We exercised our option to apply the prepayment to principal installments on our term loans through December 31, 2021 and a portion of the principal installments due on March 31, 2022. The credit agreement is also subject to prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by Boats LLC or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding principal amount of our term loans and revolving credit facility was $145.0 million.
The credit agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The credit agreement also requires compliance with certain customary financial covenants, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The credit agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on certain activities of the loan parties under the credit agreement, such as the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the credit agreement generally prohibits Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, Boats LLC and the subsidiary guarantors from paying dividends or making distributions, including to the Company. The credit facility permits, however, (i) distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, (ii) distributions to fund payments that are required under the LLC’s tax receivable agreement, (iii) purchase of stock or stock options of the LLC from former officers, directors or employees of loan parties or payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2.0 million in any fiscal year, and (iv) share repurchase payments up to $20.0 million in any fiscal year subject to one-year carry forward and compliance with other financial covenants. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $6.0 million in any fiscal year, subject to compliance with other financial covenants.
Future Liquidity Needs and Capital Expenditures
Management believes that our existing cash, borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the general economic environment in which we operate and our ability to generate cash flow from operations. Factors impacting our cash flow from operations include, but are not limited to, our growth rate and the timing and extent of operating expenses.
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We estimate that approximately $3.9 million will be due under the tax receivable agreement within the next 12 months. In accordance with the tax receivable agreement, the next payment is anticipated to occur approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return which is due by April 15, 2019. Management expects minimal effect on our future liquidity and capital resources.
Management expects our capital expenditures for fiscal year 2019 to be higher than our 2018 capital expenditures primarily driven by our recent acquisition of Pursuit. With respect to our engine vertical integration strategy, we expect a total investment, including investments already made to date, through expenditures, working capital, and capital expenses of approximately $18.0 million through fiscal year 2019, which we intend to finance with cash from operations and our revolving credit facility.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Since June 30, 2018, we borrowed $50.0 million under our revolving credit facility to pay for a portion of the purchase price of Pursuit Boats and have repaid $15.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility, resulting in $35.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility and $110.0 million outstanding on our term loans, each as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our continuing contractual obligations were as follows:

| Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More than 5 Years
Bank debt 1 | $ | 145,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest expense 2 | 21,119 |  |  | 5,925 |  |  | 12,153 |  |  | 3,041 |  |  | — |
Operating leases 3 | 21,982 |  |  | 2,493 |  |  | 5,040 |  |  | 4,351 |  |  | 10,098 |
Purchase obligations 4 | 86,292 |  |  | 86,292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement 5 | 57,599 |  |  | 3,932 |  |  | 7,389 |  |  | 7,745 |  |  | 38,533 |
Total | $ | 331,992 |  |  | $ | 98,642 |  |  | $ | 24,582 |  |  | $ | 160,137 |  |  | $ | 48,631 |

(1) | Principal payments on our outstanding bank debt per terms of our Credit Agreement, which is comprised of a $110.0 million term loan and $85.0 million revolving credit facility, of which $35.0 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Assumes no additional borrowings or repayments under our revolving credit facility prior to its maturity. Both the term loan and revolving credit facility mature on July 1, 2022.
(2) | Interest payments on our outstanding term loans and borrowings under our revolving credit facility under our Credit Agreement. Our term loan and revolving credit facility bear interest at variable rates. We have calculated future interest obligations based on the interest rate as of December 31, 2018.
(3) | We sold our two primary manufacturing and office facilities for a total of $18.3 million in 2008, which resulted in a gain of $0.7 million. Simultaneous with the sale, we entered into an agreement to lease back the buildings for an initial term of 20 years. The net gain of $0.2 million has been deferred and is being amortized in proportion to rent charged over the initial lease term.
(4) | As part of the normal course of business, we enter into purchase orders from a variety of suppliers, primarily for raw materials, in order to manage our various operating needs. The orders are expected to be purchased throughout fiscal year 2019.
(5) | Reflects amounts owed under our tax receivables agreement that we entered into with our pre-IPO owners at the time of our IPO. Under the tax receivables agreement, we pay the pre-IPO owners (or any permitted assignees) 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize, or in some circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of an expected increase in our share of tax basis in LLC’s tangible and intangible assets, including increases attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement. These obligations will not be paid if we do not realize cash tax savings. The amounts owed reflect adjustments in the tax receivables agreement liability as a result of the passage of the Tax Act in December 2017.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with our dealers’ wholesale floor plan financing of boats, we have entered into repurchase arrangements with various lending institutions. The repurchase commitment is on an individual unit basis with a term from the date it is financed by the lending institution through payment date by the dealer, generally not exceeding two and a half years. Such arrangements are customary in the industry and our exposure to loss under such arrangements is limited by the resale value of the inventory which is required to be repurchased. Refer to Note 15 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further information on repurchase commitments.
Seasonality
Our dealers experience seasonality in their business. Retail demand for boats is seasonal, with a significant majority of sales occurring during peak boating season, which coincides with our first and fourth fiscal quarters. In order to minimize the impact of this seasonality on our business, we manage our manufacturing processes and structure dealer incentives to tie our annual volume rebates program to consistent ordering patterns, encouraging dealers to purchase our products throughout the year. In this regard, we may offer free flooring incentives to dealers. Further, in the event that a dealer does not consistently order units throughout the year, such dealer’s rebate is materially reduced. We may offer off-season retail promotions to our dealers in seasonally slow months, during and ahead of boat shows, to encourage retail demand.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the
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auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding stockholder advisory “say-on-pay” votes on executive compensation and stockholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation.
The JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can utilize the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, we have chosen to “opt out” of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” Under the JOBS Act, our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
We will continue to be an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of at least $1 billion (as indexed for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the IPO, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer," as defined under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we will remain an "emerging growth company" until June 30, 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies
As of December 31, 2018, other than the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on July 1, 2018, there were no other significant changes in the application of our critical accounting policies or estimation procedures from those presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018, for a complete discussion on the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in market risk from those disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2018.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the second quarter ended December 31, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Pursuit. Prior to the acquisition, Pursuit was a privately-held company and was not subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or other corporate governance requirements applicable to public reporting companies. As part of our ongoing integration activities, we are continuing to incorporate our controls and procedures into Pursuit and to augment our company-wide controls to reflect the risks that may be inherent in acquisitions of privately-held companies.
Other than the acquisition of Pursuit, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting other than new processes and controls implemented in connection with the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on July 1, 2018.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The discussion of legal matters under the section entitled "Legal Proceedings" is incorporated by reference from Note 15 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, there were no material changes to the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock
In November 2018, the Company repurchased 2,736 and 5,722 shares of Class A Common Stock at $42.39 and $42.00 per share, respectively, from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations incurred in connections with the vesting of restricted stock.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.2 |  | Bylaws of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.3 |  | Certificate of Formation of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 1
3.4 |  | First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, dated as of February 5, 2014 2
3.4.1 |  | First Amendment, dated as of February 5, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 3
3.4.2 |  | Second Amendment, dated as of June 27, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 4
4.1 |  | Form of Class A Common Stock Certificate 1
4.2 |  | Form of Class B Common Stock Certificate 1
4.3 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc. and Affiliates of Black Canyon Capital LLC and Horizon Holdings, LLC 2
4.4 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc. and the Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
4.5 |  | Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc., Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and the Other Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
31.1 |  | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

(1) | Filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-192862) filed on January 8, 2014.

(2) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on February 6, 2014.

(3) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A (File No. 001-36290) filed on May 13, 2014.

(4) | Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on June 27, 2014.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

February 6, 2019 |  | MALIBU BOATS, INC. |
|  | By: | /s/ Jack Springer
|  |  | Jack Springer, Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By: | /s/ Wayne Wilson
|  |  | Wayne Wilson, Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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