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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |  |  |  |
☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-36290

MALIBU BOATS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 5075 Kimberly Way, | Loudon, | Tennessee | 37774 |  | 46-4024640
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

(865) | 458-5478
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 | MBUU | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large Accelerated Filer |  | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes |  | ☐ |  | No |  | ☑

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of November 3, 2020: | 20,720,683 |  | shares
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of November 3, 2020: | 13 |  | shares

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 4
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 34
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 35
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 35
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 35
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 35
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 35
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 35
Item 5. | Other Information | 35
Item 6. | Exhibits | 36
SIGNATURES | 37

i

Table of Contents
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us; demand for our products and expected industry trends, our business strategy and plans, our prospective products or products under development, our vertical integration initiatives, our acquisition strategy and management’s objectives for future operations. In particular, many of the statements under the heading “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” constitute forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” the negative of these terms, or by other similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions, involving known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us; general industry, economic and business conditions; significant fluctuations in our annual and quarterly financial results; unfavorable weather conditions, policies impacting access to waterways and shelter-in-place orders; our reliance on our network of independent dealers and increasing competition for dealers; the financial health of our dealers and their continued access to financing; our obligation to repurchase inventory of certain dealers; the success of our engine integration strategy; our reliance on certain suppliers for our engines and outboard motors; our reliance on third-party suppliers for raw materials and components and any interruption of our informal supply arrangements; our ability to meet our manufacturing workforce needs; exposure to workers' compensation claims and other workplace liabilities; our ability to grow our business through acquisitions and integrate such acquisitions to fully realize their expected benefits; our growth strategy which may require us to secure significant additional capital; our large fixed cost base; intense competition within our industry; increased consumer preference for used boats or the supply of new boats by competitors in excess of demand; the successful introduction of new products; competition with other activities for consumers’ scarce leisure time; the continued strength of our brands; our ability to execute our manufacturing strategy successfully; our exposure to claims for product liability and warranty claims; our dependence on key personnel; our ability to protect our intellectual property; disruptions to our network and information systems; risks inherent in operating in foreign jurisdictions; rising concern regarding international tariffs; changes in currency exchange rates; an increase in energy and fuel costs; any failure to comply with laws and regulations including environmental and other regulatory requirements; a natural disaster, global pandemic or other disruption at our manufacturing facilities; increases in income tax rates or changes in income tax laws; covenants in our credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility and term loan which may limit our operating flexibility; our variable rate indebtedness which subjects us to interest rate risk; and any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls or procedures. We discuss many of these factors, risks and uncertainties in greater detail under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 31, 2020, as such disclosures may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including subsequent annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements for various reasons. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
ii

Table of Contents
Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 180,984 |  |  | $ | 172,080 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 135,243 |  |  | 132,079 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 45,741 |  |  | 40,001 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 3,612 |  |  | 5,066 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 11,654 |  |  | 10,668 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 1,524 |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 28,951 |  |  | 22,683 |  |  |  |  |
Other (income) expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (10) |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 556 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  |  |  |
Other (income) expense, net | 546 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | 28,405 |  |  | 21,526 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 6,367 |  |  | 4,844 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 22,038 |  |  | 16,682 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 945 |  |  | 823 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 21,093 |  |  | $ | 15,859 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income:
Net income | $ | 22,038 |  |  | $ | 16,682 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in cumulative translation adjustment | 630 |  |  | (623) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 630 |  |  | (623) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income, net of tax | 22,668 |  |  | 16,059 |  |  |  |  |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax | 972 |  |  | 792 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., net of tax | $ | 21,696 |  |  | $ | 15,267 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share:
Basic | 20,651,929 |  |  | 20,830,121 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 20,864,646 |  |  | 20,928,741 |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to Class A Common Stock per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

| September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash | $ | 52,438 |  |  | $ | 33,787 |
Trade receivables, net | 31,031 |  |  | 13,767 |
Inventories, net | 80,053 |  |  | 72,946 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,925 |  |  | 3,954 |
Total current assets | 169,447 |  |  | 124,454 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 95,741 |  |  | 94,310 |
Goodwill | 51,511 |  |  | 51,273 |
Other intangible assets, net | 138,421 |  |  | 139,892 |
Deferred tax assets | 51,075 |  |  | 52,935 |
Other assets | 14,023 |  |  | 14,482 |
Total assets | $ | 520,218 |  |  | $ | 477,346 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 31,292 |  |  | $ | 15,846 |
Accrued expenses | 58,316 |  |  | 50,485 |
Income taxes and tax distribution payable | 4,088 |  |  | 243 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, current portion | 3,589 |  |  | 3,589 |
Total current liabilities | 97,285 |  |  | 70,163 |
Deferred tax liabilities | — |  |  | 14 |
Other liabilities | 17,451 |  |  | 16,727 |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | 46,406 |  |  | 46,076 |
Long-term debt | 74,141 |  |  | 82,839 |
Total liabilities | 235,283 |  |  | 215,819 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 15) |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 20,630,438 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; 20,595,969 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 | 204 |  |  | 204 |
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; 15 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 | — |  |  | — |
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020 | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid in capital | 105,228 |  |  | 103,797 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,502) |  |  | (3,132) |
Accumulated earnings | 174,804 |  |  | 153,711 |
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 277,734 |  |  | 254,580 |
Non-controlling interest | 7,201 |  |  | 6,947 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 284,935 |  |  | 261,527 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 520,218 |  |  | $ | 477,346 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except number of Class B shares)

|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Non-controlling Interest in LLC |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares | Amount |  | Shares | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | 20,596 |  | $ | 204 |  |  | 15 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103,797 |  |  | $ | (3,132) |  |  | $ | 153,711 |  |  | $ | 6,947 |  |  | $ | 261,527 |
Net income |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,093 |  |  | 945 |  |  | 22,038 |
Stock based compensation, net of withholding taxes on vested equity awards |  | (3) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 658 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 658 |
Issuances of equity for services |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |
Issuances of equity for exercise of stock options |  | 9 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Increase in payable pursuant to the tax receivable agreement |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (330) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (330) |
Increase in deferred tax asset from step-up in tax basis |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 480 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 480 |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock |  | 28 |  | — |  |  | (2) |  | — |  |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (264) |  |  | — |
Distributions to LLC Unit holders |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (449) |  |  | (449) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 630 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 652 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | 20,630 |  | $ | 204 |  |  | 13 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 105,228 |  |  | $ | (2,502) |  |  | $ | 174,804 |  |  | $ | 7,201 |  |  | $ | 284,935 |

|  | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Non-controlling Interest in LLC |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares | Amount |  | Shares | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | 20,853 |  | $ | 207 |  |  | 15 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 113,004 |  |  | $ | (2,828) |  |  | $ | 93,852 |  |  | $ | 6,118 |  |  | $ | 210,353 |
Net Income |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,859 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 16,682 |
Stock based compensation, net of withholding taxes on vested equity awards |  | (5) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 435 |
Issuances of equity for services |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  | (383) |  | (4) |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (11,119) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,123) |
Cumulative-effect transition adjustment for ASC 842 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,703) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,703) |
Distributions to LLC Unit Holders |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (399) |  |  | (399) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (623) |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | (648) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | 20,465 |  | $ | 203 |  |  | 15 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 102,400 |  |  | $ | (3,451) |  |  | $ | 108,008 |  |  | $ | 6,517 |  |  | $ | 213,677 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 22,038 |  |  | $ | 16,682 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Non-cash compensation expense |  | 811 |  |  | 677 |
Non-cash compensation to directors |  | 210 |  |  | 207 |
Depreciation |  | 3,486 |  |  | 3,097 |
Amortization |  | 1,524 |  |  | 1,584 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 2,325 |  |  | 1,454 |
Other items, net |  | 439 |  |  | 696 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Trade receivables |  | (17,247) |  |  | 4,817 |
Inventories |  | (6,939) |  |  | (7,626) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | (3,032) |  |  | (1,728) |
Accounts payable |  | 16,001 |  |  | 8,378 |
Income taxes payable |  | 4,228 |  |  | 1,979 |
Accrued expenses |  | 8,184 |  |  | (2,029) |
Other liabilities |  | 734 |  |  | (475) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 32,762 |  |  | 27,713 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | (5,432) |  |  | (10,704) |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (5,432) |  |  | (10,704) |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |
Payments on revolving credit facility |  | (8,800) |  |  | — |
Proceeds received from exercise of stock option |  | 300 |  |  | — |
Cash paid for withholding taxes on vested restricted stock |  | (148) |  |  | (239) |
Distributions to LLC Unit holders |  | (104) |  |  | (568) |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  | — |  |  | (11,123) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (8,752) |  |  | (11,930) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | 73 |  |  | (126) |
Changes in cash |  | 18,651 |  |  | 4,953 |
Cash—Beginning of period |  | 33,787 |  |  | 27,392 |
Cash—End of period |  | $ | 52,438 |  |  | $ | 32,345 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 1,169 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | 53 |  |  | 597 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit and per share data)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Malibu Boats, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or "Malibu"), a Delaware corporation formed on November 1, 2013, is the sole managing member of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "LLC"). The Company operates and controls all of the LLC's business and affairs and, therefore, pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, consolidates the financial results of the LLC and its subsidiaries, and records a non-controlling interest for the economic interest in the Company held by the non-controlling holders of units in the LLC ("LLC Units"). Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC was formed in 2006. The LLC, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Malibu Boats, LLC, is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing and marketing of innovative, high-quality, recreational powerboats that are sold through a world-wide network of independent dealers. The Company currently sells its boats under four brands -- Malibu, Axis, Cobalt and Pursuit. The Company reports its results of operations under three reportable segments -- Malibu, Cobalt and Pursuit.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Company’s operations and financial results since the third quarter of fiscal year 2020 and continues to impact the Company. The Company elected to suspend operations at all of its facilities on March 24, 2020. The shut-down continued into the fourth quarter 2020 with operations resuming between late April and early May, depending on the facility. As a result, the Company was not able to ship boats to its dealers during the period of shut-down, which negatively impacted its net sales for the second half of fiscal year 2020. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact the operations of the Company’s dealers and suppliers. The future impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations will depend on a number of factors, including factors that we may not be able to forecast at this time.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim condensed financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and disclosures of results of operations, financial position and changes in cash flow in conformity with GAAP for complete financial statements. Such statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Malibu Boats, Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended June 30, 2020, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2020, and the results of its operations for the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and its cash flows for the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending June 30, 2021. Units and shares are presented as whole numbers while all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless otherwise noted.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations and accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries thereof. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2018-19 will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that have the contractual right to receive cash. On July 1, 2020, the Company
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adopted this standard and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, equity or cash flows.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. Revenue Recognition
The following table disaggregates the Company's revenue by major product type and geography:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
| Malibu |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Boat and trailer sales | $ | 93,994 |  |  | $ | 43,405 |  |  | $ | 36,403 |  |  | $ | 173,802 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Part and other sales | 5,837 |  |  | 1,077 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 7,182 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 99,831 |  |  | $ | 44,482 |  |  | $ | 36,671 |  |  | $ | 180,984 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 95,918 |  |  | $ | 43,953 |  |  | $ | 35,750 |  |  | $ | 175,621 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
International | 3,913 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 921 |  |  | 5,363 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 99,831 |  |  | $ | 44,482 |  |  | $ | 36,671 |  |  | $ | 180,984 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  |
| Malibu |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Boat and trailer sales | $ | 82,083 |  |  | $ | 49,300 |  |  | $ | 35,806 |  |  | $ | 167,189 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Part and other sales | 3,797 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 4,891 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 85,880 |  |  | $ | 50,151 |  |  | $ | 36,049 |  |  | $ | 172,080 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 78,917 |  |  | $ | 48,758 |  |  | $ | 32,251 |  |  | $ | 159,926 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
International | 6,963 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 3,798 |  |  | 12,154 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 85,880 |  |  | $ | 50,151 |  |  | $ | 36,049 |  |  | $ | 172,080 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Boat and Trailer Sales
Consists of sales of boats and trailers to the Company's dealer network, net of sales returns, discounts, rebates and free flooring incentives. Boat and trailer sales also includes optional boat features. Sales returns consist of boats returned by dealers under our warranty program. Rebates, free flooring and discounts are incentives that the Company provides to its dealers based on sales of eligible products.
Part and Other Sales
Consists primarily of parts and accessories sales, royalty income and clothing sales. Parts and accessories sales include replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories sold to the Company's dealer network. Royalty income is earned from license agreements with various boat manufacturers, including Nautique, Chaparral, Mastercraft, and Tige related to the use of the Company's intellectual property.
3. Non-controlling Interest
The non-controlling interest on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income represents the portion of earnings attributable to the economic interest in the Company's subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, held by the non-controlling LLC Unit holders. Non-controlling interest on the unaudited interim condensed
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consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of net assets of the Company attributable to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders, based on the portion of the LLC Units owned by such Unit holders. The ownership of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC is summarized as follows:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
| Units |  | Ownership % |  | Units |  | Ownership %
Non-controlling LLC Unit holders ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 702,869 |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | 730,652 |  |  | 3.4 | %
Malibu Boats, Inc. ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC | 20,630,438 |  |  | 96.7 |  |  | 20,595,969 |  |  | 96.6 |
| 21,333,307 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 21,326,621 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Issuance of Additional LLC Units
Under the first amended and restated limited liability company agreement of the LLC, as amended (the "LLC Agreement"), the Company is required to cause the LLC to issue additional LLC Units to the Company when the Company issues additional shares of Class A Common Stock. Other than in connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock in connection with an equity incentive program, the Company must contribute to the LLC net proceeds and property, if any, received by the Company with respect to the issuance of such additional shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company must cause the LLC to issue a number of LLC Units equal to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued such that, at all times, the number of LLC Units held by the Company equals the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company caused the LLC to issue a total of 37,408 LLC Units to the Company in connection with (i) the issuance of Class A Common Stock to LLC Unit holders in exchange of their LLC Units and (ii) the issuance of Class A Common Stock for the exercise of options granted under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Incentive Plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, 2,939 LLC Units were canceled in connection with the vesting of share-based equity awards to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements and the retirement of 2,939 treasury shares in accordance with the LLC Agreement.
Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unit Holders
Distributions for Taxes
As a limited liability company (treated as a partnership for income tax purposes), Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC does not incur significant federal, state or local income taxes, as these taxes are primarily the obligations of its members. As authorized by the LLC Agreement, the LLC is required to distribute cash, to the extent that the LLC has cash available, on a pro rata basis, to its members to the extent necessary to cover the members’ tax liabilities, if any, with respect to their share of LLC earnings. The LLC makes such tax distributions to its members based on an estimated tax rate and projections of taxable income. If the actual taxable income of the LLC multiplied by the estimated tax rate exceeds the tax distributions made in a calendar year, the LLC may make true-up distributions to its members, if cash or borrowings are available for such purposes. As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $449 a nd $104, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, tax distributions paid to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $104 and $568, respectively.
Other Distributions
Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Company has the right to determine when distributions will be made to LLC members and the amount of any such distributions. If the Company authorizes a distribution, such distribution will be made to the members of the LLC (including the Company) pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective LLC units.
4. Inventories
Inventories, net consisted of the following:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Raw materials | $ | 55,140 |  |  | $ | 52,530 |
Work in progress | 14,758 |  |  | 10,778 |
Finished goods | 10,155 |  |  | 9,638 |
Total inventories | $ | 80,053 |  |  | $ | 72,946 |

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5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Land | $ | 2,540 |  |  | $ | 2,540 |
Building and leasehold improvements | 56,597 |  |  | 54,318 |
Machinery and equipment | 54,806 |  |  | 55,831 |
Furniture and fixtures | 7,344 |  |  | 7,031 |
Construction in process | 10,750 |  |  | 10,470 |
| 132,037 |  |  | 130,190 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (36,296) |  |  | (35,880) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 95,741 |  |  | $ | 94,310 |

Depreciation expense was $3,486 and $3,097 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, substantially all of which was recorded in cost of sales.
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

Goodwill as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 51,273 |
Effect of foreign currency changes on goodwill | 238 |
Goodwill as of September 30, 2020 | $ | 51,511 |

The components of other intangible assets were as follows:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020 |  | Estimated Useful Life (in years) |  | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years)
Definite-lived intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dealer relationships | $ | 111,377 |  |  | $ | 111,293 |  |  | 8-20 |  | 17.0
Patent | 3,986 |  |  | 3,986 |  |  | 12-15 |  | 11.8
Trade name | 24,667 |  |  | 24,667 |  |  | 15 |  | 1.2
Non-compete agreement | 50 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 10 |  | 4.1
Total | 140,080 |  |  | 139,994 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (65,159) |  |  | (63,602) |  |  |  |  |
Total definite-lived intangible assets, net | 74,921 |  |  | 76,392 |  |  |  |  |
Indefinite-lived intangible: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade name | 63,500 |  |  | 63,500 |  |  |  |  |
Total other intangible assets, net | $ | 138,421 |  |  | $ | 139,892 |  |  |  |  |

Amortization expense recognized on all amortizable intangibles was $1,524 and $1,584 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is as follows:
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Fiscal years ending June 30: | Amount
| Remainder of 2021 | $ | 4,536 |
| 2022 | 4,559 |
| 2023 | 4,422 |
| 2024 | 4,422 |
| 2025 | 4,419 |
| 2026 and thereafter | 52,563 |
|  | $ | 74,921 |

7. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Warranties | $ | 29,077 |  |  | $ | 27,500 |
Dealer incentives | 11,201 |  |  | 7,777 |
Accrued compensation | 9,347 |  |  | 9,885 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 1,983 |  |  | 2,006 |
Accrued legal and professional fees | 2,181 |  |  | 1,055 |
Other accrued expenses | 4,527 |  |  | 2,262 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 58,316 |  |  | $ | 50,485 |

8. Product Warranties
Malibu and Axis brand boats have a limited warranty for a period up to five years for both Malibu and Axis brand boats. The Company’s Cobalt brand boats have (1) a structural warranty of up to ten years which covers the hull, deck joints, bulkheads, floor, transom, stringers, and motor mount and (2) a five year bow-to-stern warranty on all components manufactured or purchased (excluding hull and deck structural components), including canvas and upholstery. Gelcoat is covered up to three years for Cobalt and one year for Malibu and Axis. Pursuit brand boats have (1) a limited warranty for a period of up to five years on structural components such as the hull, deck and defects in the gelcoat surface of the hull bottom and (2) a bow to stern warranty of two years (excluding hull and deck structural components). For each boat brand, there are certain materials, components or parts of the boat that are not covered by the Company’s warranty and certain components or parts that are separately warranted by the manufacturer or supplier (such as the engine). Engines that the Company manufactures for Malibu and Axis models have a limited warranty of up to five years or five-hundred hours.
The Company’s standard warranties require it or its dealers to repair or replace defective products during the warranty period at no cost to the consumer. The Company estimates warranty costs it expects to incur and records a liability for such costs at the time the product revenue is recognized. The Company utilizes historical claims trends and analytical tools to develop the estimate of its warranty obligation on a per boat basis, by brand and warranty year. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Beginning in model year 2016, the Company increased the term of its limited warranty for Malibu brand boats from three years to five years and for Axis brand boats from two years to five years. Beginning in model year 2018, the Company increased the term of its bow-to-stern warranty for Cobalt brand boats from three years to five years. As a result of these changes, all of the Company’s Malibu, Axis and Cobalt brand boats with historical claims experience that are no longer covered under warranty had warranty terms shorter than the current warranty term of five years. Accordingly, the Company has little to no historical claims experience for warranty years four and five, and as such, these estimates give rise to a higher level of estimation uncertainty. Future warranty claims may differ from the Company’s estimate of the warranty liability, which could lead to changes in the Company’s warranty liability in future periods.
Changes in the Company’s product warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:
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| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 27,500 |  |  | $ | 23,820 |  |  |  |  |
Add: Warranty expense | 4,855 |  |  | 3,906 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Warranty claims paid | (3,278) |  |  | (2,692) |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 29,077 |  |  | $ | 25,034 |  |  |  |  |

9. Financing
Outstanding debt consisted of the following:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Term loan | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | 75,000 |
Revolving credit loan | — |  |  | 8,800 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (859) |  |  | (961) |
Total debt | 74,141 |  |  | 82,839 |
Less current maturities | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt less current maturities | $ | 74,141 |  |  | $ | 82,839 |

Long-Term Debt
The Company currently has a revolving credit facility with borrowing capacity of up to $120,000 and a $75,000 term loan outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had no amounts outstanding under its revolving credit facility and $1,185 in outstanding letters of credit. The Company repaid $8,800 on the revolving credit facility in September 2020. The revolving credit facility matures on July 1, 2024 and the term loan matures on July 1, 2022. The revolving credit facility and term loan are governed by a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Malibu Boats, LLC (“Boats LLC”) as the borrower and Truist Financial Corp., as the administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing bank. The obligations of Boats LLC under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the LLC, and, subject to certain exceptions, the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Boats LLC, and all such obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the LLC, Boats LLC and such subsidiary guarantors. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at the Company's option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 0.25% to 1.25% with respect to Base Rate borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of the LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the Company’s term loan and revolving credit facility was 1.40%. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee for any unused portion of the revolving credit facility which will range from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio.
The Credit Agreement permits prepayment of the term loan without any penalties. On August 17, 2017 the Company made a voluntary principal payment on the term loan in the amount of $50,000 with a portion of the net proceeds from its equity offering completed on August 14, 2017. The Company exercised its option to apply the prepayment in forward order to principal installments on its term loan through December 31, 2021 and a portion of the principal installments due on March 31, 2022. As a result, the term loan is subject to a quarterly installment of approximately $3,000 on March 31, 2022 and the balance of the term loan is due on the scheduled maturity date of July 1, 2022. The Credit Agreement is also subject to prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by Boats LLC or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding principal amount of the Company’s term loan and revolving credit facility was $75,000.
The Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The Credit Agreement also requires compliance with certain customary financial covenants, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The Credit Agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on certain activities of the loan parties under the Credit Agreement, such as the
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incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the Credit Agreement generally prohibits the LLC, Boats LLC and the subsidiary guarantors from paying dividends or making distributions, including to the Company. The credit facility permits, however, (i) distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, (ii) distributions to fund payments that are required under the LLC’s tax receivable agreement, (iii) purchase of stock or stock options of the LLC from former officers, directors or employees of loan parties or payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2,000 in any fiscal year, and (iv) share repurchase payments up to $35,000 in any fiscal year subject to one-year carry forward and compliance with other financial covenants. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $10,000 in any fiscal year, subject to compliance with other financial covenants.
In connection with entering into the Credit Agreement, the Company capitalized $2,074 in deferred financing costs during fiscal 2017. These costs, in addition to the unamortized balance related to costs associated with the Company's previous credit facility of $671, are being amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement into interest expense using the effective interest method and presented as a direct offset to the total debt outstanding on the consolidated balance sheet.
As described above, the Company used proceeds from an offering on August 24, 2017 to repay $50,000 on its term loan under the Credit Agreement and exercised its option to apply the prepayment to principal installments through December 31, 2021, and a portion of principal installments due on March 31, 2022. Accordingly, no principal payments are required under the Credit Agreement until March 31, 2022, and as such, all borrowings as of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, are reflected as noncurrent. The $50,000 repayment resulted in a write off of deferred financing costs of $829 in fiscal year 2018, which was included in amortization expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.
Covenant Compliance
As of September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement.
Interest Rate Swap
On July 1, 2015, the Company entered into a five year floating to fixed interest rate swap with an effective start date of July 1, 2015. The swap was based on a one-month LIBOR rate versus a 1.52% fixed rate on a notional value of $39,250, which under terms of the previously existing credit agreement, was equal to 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan at the time of the swap arrangement. Under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, all derivative instruments are recorded on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either short term or long term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. The Company has elected not to designate its interest rate swap as a hedge for accounting purposes; therefore, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument were being recognized in earnings in the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The swap matured on March 31, 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a loss of $38 for the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, which was included in interest expense in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
10. Leases
The Company leases certain manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office space, land, and equipment. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains an embedded lease at the inception of the agreement. The Company recorded right-of-use assets, included in other assets on the balance sheet, totaling $16,142 as of July 1, 2019. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not separate non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate, and instead accounts for each separate lease and non-lease component associated with that lease component as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. The Company's lease liabilities do not include future lease payments related to options to extend or terminate lease agreements as it is not reasonably certain those options will be exercised.
Other information concerning the Company's operating leases accounted for under ASC Topic 842, Leases is as follows (in thousands):
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Classification |  | As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets |  | Other assets |  | $ | 13,867 |  |  | $ | 14,315 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Current operating lease liabilities |  | Accrued expenses |  | $ | 1,983 |  |  | $ | 2,006 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities |  | Other liabilities |  | 13,568 |  |  | 14,013 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 15,551 |  |  | $ | 16,019 |

Classification |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  |
Operating lease costs (1) |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 477 |  |  |
|  | Selling, general and administrative |  | 214 |  |  | 223 |  |  |
Sublease income |  | Other income (expense) |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |  | Cash flows from operating activities |  | 656 |  |  | 647 |  |  |

(1) Includes short-term leases, which are insignificant, and are not included in the lease liability.
The lease liability for operating leases that contain variable escalating rental payments with scheduled increases that are based on the lesser of a stated percentage increase or the cumulative increase in an index, are determined using the stated percentage increase.
The weighted average remaining lease term for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was 7.17 years and 7.97 years, respectively . The weighted average discount rate determined based on the Company's incremental borrowing rate is 3.65%, as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Future annual minimum lease payments for the following fiscal years as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

|  | Amount
Remainder of 2021 |  | $ | 1,904 |
2022 |  | 2,403 |
2023 |  | 2,454 |
2024 |  | 2,582 |
2025 |  | 2,310 |
2026 and thereafter |  | 6,014 |
Total |  | 17,667 |
Less imputed interest |  | (2,116) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 15,551 |

11. Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
The Company has a tax receivable agreement with the pre-IPO owners of the LLC that provides for payment by the Company to the pre-IPO owners (or their permitted assignees) of 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the tax receivable agreement, including those attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. These contractual payment obligations are obligations of the Company and not of the LLC. The Company's tax receivable agreement liability was determined on an undiscounted basis in accordance with ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, since the contractual payment obligations were deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable. The tax receivable agreement further provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, the Company (or its successor)
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would owe to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC a lump-sum payment equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the tax receivable agreement that would be based on certain assumptions, including a deemed exchange of LLC Units and that the Company would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax basis and other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement. The Company also is entitled to terminate the tax receivable agreement, which, if terminated, would obligate the Company to make early termination payments to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC. In addition, a pre-IPO owner may elect to unilaterally terminate the tax receivable agreement with respect to such pre-IPO owner, which would obligate the Company to pay to such existing owner certain payments for tax benefits received through the taxable year of the election.
For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, the benefit deemed realized by the Company will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that the Company would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of the LLC as a result of the purchases or exchanges, and had the Company not entered into the tax receivable agreement.
The following table reflects the changes to the Company's tax receivable agreement liability:

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement | $ | 49,665 |  |  | $ | 53,754 |
Additions (reductions) to tax receivable agreement: |  |  |
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock | 330 |  |  | 1,041 |
Adjustment for change in estimated tax rate | — |  |  | (1,672) |
Payments under tax receivable agreement | — |  |  | (3,458) |
| 49,995 |  |  | 49,665 |
Less current portion under tax receivable agreement | (3,589) |  |  | (3,589) |
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion | $ | 46,406 |  |  | $ | 46,076 |

When estimating the expected tax rate to use in order to determine the tax benefit expected to be recognized from the Company’s increased tax basis as a result of exchanges of LLC Units by the pre-IPO owners of the LLC, the Company continuously monitors changes in its overall tax posture, including changes resulting from new legislation and changes as a result of new jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax.
As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company had deferred tax assets of $111,991 and $111,511, respectively, associated with basis differences in assets upon acquiring an interest in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and pursuant to making an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Internal Revenue Code"), as amended. The aggregate tax receivable agreement liability represents 85% of the tax benefits that the Company expects to receive in connection with the Section 754 election. In accordance with the tax receivable agreement, the next annual payment is anticipated approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return due by April 15, 2021.
12. Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level. The LLC continues to operate in the United States as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made.
As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company maintained a total valuation allowance of $14,650 and $14,582, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to state net operating losses and future amortization deductions (with respect to the Section 754 election) that are reported in the Tennessee corporate tax return without offsetting income, which is taxable at the LLC. This also includes a valuation allowance in the amount of $580 related to foreign tax credit carryforward that is not expected to be utilized in the future.
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The Company’s consolidated interim effective tax rate is based upon expected annual income from operations, statutory tax rates and tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant or unusual items, including those related to the change in U.S. tax law as well as other adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the quarter in which the related event occurs. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law. The CARES Act contains significant business tax provisions, including modifications to the rules limiting the deductibility of net operating losses (NOLs), expensing of qualified improvement property (QIP) and business interest in Internal Revenue Code Sections 172(a) and 163(j), respectively. The effects of the new legislation are recognized upon enactment. The Company did not recognize any significant impact to income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 relating to the CARES Act.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company's effective tax rate was 22.4% and 22.5%, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company's effective tax rate exceeded the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of U.S. state taxes. This increase in both periods was partially offset by the benefits of the foreign derived intangible income deduction, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company adopted a long term incentive plan which became effective on January 1, 2014, and reserves for issuance up to 1,700,000 shares of Malibu Boats, Inc. Class A Common Stock for the Company’s employees, consultants, members of its board of directors and other independent contractors at the discretion of the compensation committee. Incentive stock awards authorized under the Incentive Plan include unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent awards and performance awards. As of September 30, 2020, 716,050 shares remain available for future issuance under the long term incentive plan.
The following is a summary of the changes in the Company's stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2020:

| Shares |  |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price/Share |
Total outstanding options as of June 30, 2020 | 173,348 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32.61 |  |
Options granted | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Options exercised | (9,625) |  |  |  |  | 31.14 |  |
Outstanding options as of September 30, 2020 | 163,723 |  |  |  |  | 32.70 |  |
Exercisable as of September 30, 2020 | 77,744 |  |  |  |  | $ | 31.50 |  |

The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards for the three months ended September 30, 2020:

| Number of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards as of June 30, 2020 | 277,696 |  |  | $ | 35.43 |
Granted | 1,125 |  |  | 51.95 |
Vested | (13,187) |  |  | 18.72 |
Forfeited | (890) |  |  | 34.30 |
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards as of September 30, 2020 | 264,744 |  |  | $ | 36.34 |

Stock compensation expense attributable to the Company's share-based equity awards was $811 and $677 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Stock compensation expense attributed to share-based equity awards issued under the Incentive Plan is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective awards and is included in general and administrative expense in the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. Awards vesting during the three months ended September 30, 2020 include 1,125 fully vested restricted stock units issued to non-employee directors for their service as directors for the Company.
14. Net Earnings Per Share
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Basic net income per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company's earnings by the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing basic net income per share includes fully vested restricted stock units awarded to directors that are entitled to participate in distributions to common shareholders through receipt of additional units of equivalent value to the dividends paid to Class A Common Stock holders.
Diluted net income per share of Class A Common Stock is computed similarly to basic net income per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents using the treasury method, if dilutive. The Company’s LLC Units and non-qualified stock options are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. The number of additional shares of Class A Common Stock related to these common stock equivalents and stock options are calculated using the treasury stock method.
Stock awards with a performance condition that are based on the attainment of a specified amount of earnings are only included in the computation of diluted earnings per share to the extent that the performance condition would be achieved based on the current amount of earnings, and only if the effect would be dilutive.
Stock awards with a market condition that are based on the performance of the Company's stock price in relation to a market index over a specified time period are only included in the computation of diluted earnings per share to the extent that the shares would be issued based on the current market price of the Company's stock in relation to the market index, and only if the effect would be dilutive.
Basic and diluted net income per share of Class A Common Stock has been computed as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 21,093 |  |  | $ | 15,859 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in computing basic net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock | 20,435,866 |  |  | 20,635,978 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average participating restricted stock units convertible into Class A Common Stock | 216,063 |  |  | 194,143 |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 20,651,929 |  |  | 20,830,121 |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income per share | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | $ | 21,093 |  |  | $ | 15,859 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | 20,651,929 |  |  | 20,830,121 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units granted to employees | 133,213 |  |  | 98,620 |  |  |  |  |
Stock options granted to employees | 36,928 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Market performance awards granted to employees | 42,576 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1 | 20,864,646 |  |  | 20,928,741 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  |  |

1 The Company excluded 776,592 and 1,102,975 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of diluted net income per share for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as these units would have been antidilutive.
The shares of Class B Common Stock do not share in the earnings or losses of Malibu Boats, Inc. and, therefore, not included in the calculation. Accordingly, basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class B Common Stock has not been presented.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Repurchase Commitments
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In connection with its dealers’ wholesale floor plan financing of boats, the Company has entered into repurchase agreements with various lending institutions. The reserve methodology used to record an estimated expense and loss reserve in each accounting period is based upon an analysis of likely repurchases based on current field inventory and likelihood of repurchase. Subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood of repurchase and adjusts the estimated loss reserve accordingly. When a potential loss reserve is recorded it is presented in accrued liabilities in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. If the Company were obligated to repurchase a significant number of units under any repurchase agreement, its business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. The total amount financed under the floor financing programs with repurchase obligations was $101,476 and $161,356 as of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
Repurchases and subsequent sales are recorded as a revenue transaction. The net difference between the repurchase price and the resale price is recorded against the loss reserve and presented in cost of sales in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, there were no repurchases and as of September 30, 2020, the Company has not been notified about any probable repossessions. Therefore, the Company did not carry a reserve for repurchases as of September 30, 2020 consistent with June 30, 2020.
The Company has collateralized receivables financing arrangements with a third-party floor plan financing provider for European dealers. Under terms of these arrangements, the Company transfers the right to collect a trade receivable to the financing provider in exchange for cash but agrees to repurchase the receivable if the dealer defaults. Since the transfer of the receivable to the financing provider does not meet the conditions for a sale under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, the Company continues to report the transferred trade receivable in other current assets with an offsetting balance recorded as a secured obligation in accrued expenses in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company had financing receivables of $44 and $375, respectively, recorded in other current assets and accrued expenses related to these arrangements.
Contingencies
Product Liability
The Company is engaged in a business that exposes it to claims for product liability and warranty claims in the event the Company’s products actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected or the use of the Company’s products results, or is alleged to result, in property damage, personal injury or death. Although the Company maintains product and general liability insurance of the types and in the amounts that the Company believes are customary for the industry, the Company is not fully insured against all such potential claims. The Company may have the ability to refer claims to its suppliers and their insurers to pay the costs associated with any claims arising from the suppliers’ products. The Company’s insurance covers such claims that are not adequately covered by a supplier’s insurance and provides for excess secondary coverage above the limits provided by the Company’s suppliers.
The Company may experience legal claims in excess of its insurance coverage or claims that are not covered by insurance, either of which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse determination of material product liability and warranty claims made against the Company could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and harm its reputation. In addition, if any of the Company products are, or are alleged to be, defective, the Company may be required to participate in a recall of that product if the defect or alleged defect relates to safety. These and other claims that the Company faces could be costly to the Company and require substantial management attention. Refer to Note 8 for discussion of warranty claims. The Company insures against product liability claims and believes there are no material product liability claims as of September 30, 2020 that would not be covered by our insurance.
Legal Proceedings
On January 12, 2018, the Company filed suit against Skier’s Choice, Inc., or "Skier’s Choice," in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company's complaint alleges Skier’s Choice’s infringement of three utility patents - U.S. Patent Nos. 9,260,161, 8,578,873, and 9,199,695 - related to wake surfing technology. Skier’s Choice denied liability arising from the causes of action alleged in the Company's complaint and filed counterclaims alleging invalidity of the asserted patents. On June 19, 2019, the Company filed a second action against Skier’s Choice in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company’s complaint alleges Skier’s Choice’s surf systems on its Moomba and Supra lines of boats infringe U.S. Patent No. 10,322,777, a patent related to wake surfing technology. Skier’s Choice denied liability arising from the causes of action alleged in the Company's complaint and filed counterclaims alleging invalidity of the asserted patents. On June 27, 2019, Skier’s Choice filed a motion to consolidate these two actions, and to continue deadlines in the earlier case for nine months, which the Company
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opposed. On August 22, 2019, the motion for consolidation was referred by Judge Thomas Varlan to Magistrate Judge Bruce Guyton, and the two cases were stayed pending resolution of that motion. On November 27, 2019, Judge Guyton ordered the two cases to be consolidated. On January 7, 2020, the consolidated cases were reassigned to Judge Jon McCalla. On January 23, 2020, Judge McCalla issued a Scheduling Order, scheduling trial on the consolidated cases to begin on September 29, 2020. On July 23, 2020, the Company moved to dismiss its allegations of infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,199,695, which Skier’s Choice opposed. On August 25, 2020, Judge McCalla issued a claim construction order and set a scheduling conference for August 27, 2020, for purposes of resetting the pretrial calendar and trial dates. On September 11, 2020, the Court issued a Scheduling Order resetting the trial for the consolidated cases to begin on January 25, 2021. The Company intends to vigorously pursue this litigation to enforce its rights in its patented technology and believes that Skier’s Choice’s counterclaims are without merit.
16. Segment Information
The following tables present financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
| Malibu |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 99,831 |  |  | $ | 44,482 |  |  | $ | 36,671 |  |  | $ | 180,984 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 17,555 |  |  | $ | 4,776 |  |  | $ | 6,074 |  |  | $ | 28,405 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  |
| Malibu |  | Cobalt |  | Pursuit |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 85,880 |  |  | $ | 50,151 |  |  | $ | 36,049 |  |  | $ | 172,080 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 11,461 |  |  | $ | 5,907 |  |  | $ | 4,158 |  |  | $ | 21,526 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| As of September 30, 2020 |  | As of June 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |
Malibu | $ | 216,690 |  |  | $ | 194,502 |
Cobalt | 166,570 |  |  | 153,820 |
Pursuit | 136,958 |  |  | 129,024 |
Total assets | $ | 520,218 |  |  | $ | 477,346 |

17. Subsequent Event
On November 3, 2020, the Company's Compensation Committee granted approximately 33,000 restricted stock units, 25,000 restricted stock awards, and up to a maximum of 64,000 restricted stock awards with performance or market conditions to certain key employees. The closing price of our Class A Common Stock on the date of the grant was $54.47 per share.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein.
Malibu Boats, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal offices in Loudon, Tennessee. We use the terms “Malibu,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references to refer to Malibu Boats, Inc., its subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, or the LLC, and its subsidiary Malibu Boats, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Cobalt Boats, LLC and PB Holdco, LLC, through which we acquired the assets of Pursuit.
Overview
We are a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of a diverse range of recreational powerboats, including performance sport boats, sterndrive and outboard boats. We are the market leader in the United States in the performance sport boat category through our Malibu and Axis Wake Research boat brands, the market leader in the United States in the 20’ - 40’ segment of the sterndrive boat category through our Cobalt brand and are among the market leaders in the fiberglass outboard fishing boat market with our Pursuit brand. Our product portfolio of premium brands are used for a broad range of recreational boating activities including, among others, water sports, general recreational boating and fishing. Our passion for consistent innovation, which has led to propriety technology such as Surf Gate, has allowed us to expand the market for our products by introducing consumers to new and exciting recreational activities. We design products that appeal to an expanding range of recreational boaters and water sports enthusiasts whose passion for boating and water sports is a key component of their active lifestyle and provide consumers with a better customer-inspired experience. With performance, quality, value and multi-purpose features, our product portfolio has us well positioned to broaden our addressable market and achieve our goal of increasing our market share in the expanding recreational boating industry.
We currently sell our boats under four brands—Malibu; Axis; Cobalt; and Pursuit. Our flagship Malibu boats offer our latest innovations in performance, comfort and convenience, and are designed for consumers seeking a premium performance sport boat experience. Retail prices of our Malibu boats typically range from $60,000 to $210,000. Our Axis boats appeal to consumers who desire a more affordable performance sport boat product but still demand high performance, functional simplicity and the option to upgrade key features. Retail prices of our Axis boats typically range from $65,000 to $115,000. Our Cobalt boats consist of mid to large-sized luxury cruisers and bowriders that we believe offer the ultimate experience in comfort, performance and quality. Retail prices for our Cobalt boats typically range from $60,000 to $450,000. Our Pursuit boats expand our product offerings into the saltwater outboard fishing market and include center console, dual console and offshore models. Retail prices for our Pursuit boats typically range from $80,000 to $800,000.
We sell our boats through a dealer network that we believe is the strongest in the recreational powerboat category. As of July 1, 2020, our worldwide distribution channel consisted of over 350 dealer locations globally. Our dealer base is an important part of our consumers’ experience, our marketing efforts and our brands. We devote significant time and resources to find, develop and improve the performance of our dealers and believe our dealer network gives us a distinct competitive advantage.
On a consolidated basis, we achieved first quarter fiscal 2021 net sales, gross profit, net income and adjusted EBITDA of $181.0 million, $45.7 million, $22.0 million and $36.3 million, respectively, compared to $172.1 million, $40.0 million, $16.7 million and $28.4 million, respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 2020. For the first quarter of fiscal 2021, net sales increased 5.2%, gross profit increased 14.3%, net income increased 32.1% and adjusted EBITDA increased 28.0% as compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2020. For the definition of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, see “GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
We currently report our results of operations under three reportable segments, Malibu, Cobalt and Pursuit. The Malibu segment participates in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of Malibu and Axis performance sports boats throughout the world. The Cobalt and Pursuit segments participate in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of Cobalt and Pursuit boats, respectively, throughout the world. Malibu is our largest segment and represented 55.2% and 49.9% of our net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cobalt represented 24.6% and 29.1% of our net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Pursuit represented 20.2% and 21.0% of our net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. See Note 16 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about our reporting segments.
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our operations and financial results since the third quarter of fiscal year 2020 and continues to impact us. On March 24, 2020, we elected to suspend operations at all of our facilities. The shut-down continued into the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 with operations resuming between late April and early May, depending on the facility. As a result, we were not able to ship boats to our dealers during the period of shut-down, which negatively impacted our net sales for the second half of fiscal year 2020. In addition, we have been managing our production levels in anticipation of supply chain constraints, which we have begun to experience in recent weeks. While our net sales were negatively impacted during the second half of fiscal year 2020 because of lower production levels, retail sales improved during the summer months as consumers turned to boating as a form of outdoor, socially distanced recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in retail sales during the summer months combined with our lower wholesale shipment levels during the second half of fiscal year 2020 resulted in lower inventory levels at our dealers as of September 30, 2020 compared to last year. We expect these lower inventory levels, while having the potential to impact retail sales in the near-term, will provide us strong order flow for our model year 2021 product, unless broader economic activity meaningfully contracts and correspondingly impacts consumer demand meaningfully.
In addition to our operations, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and continues to impact the operations of our dealers and suppliers. While some of our dealers and suppliers had to suspend their operations during the pandemic, many continued to operate and we are not aware of any of our dealers or suppliers that have closed permanently. Our suppliers have been impacted by COVID-19 and continue to ramp production to meet increased demand for their products. As mentioned, we have successfully managed our production levels to ensure that challenges related to parts procurement do not impact operations and and we have not experienced any significant shortages.
We believe we are well-positioned to withstand any further disruptions that may occur as result of the ongoing pandemic. We have approximately $52.4 million of cash on hand as of September 30, 2020 and approximately $120.0 million available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2020. Further, we have a flexible cost structure that allows us to more closely align our costs with wholesale shipments. The future impact of COVID-19 on our financial condition and results of operations, however, will depend on a number of factors, including factors that we may not be able to forecast at this time. In addition, a recent resurgence of COVID-19 in certain parts of the world, including the United States and parts of Europe, has resulted in the re-imposition of certain restrictions and may lead to more restrictions being implemented again to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures could result in further interruptions to our operations and potentially a decrease in consumer spending. See the risk factor “The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, and those of our dealers and suppliers, thereby adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.” under Part I. Item 1A. of our Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020.
Outlook
Industry-wide marine retail registrations continue to recover from the years following the global financial crisis. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., domestic retail registration volumes of performance sport boats, fiberglass sterndrive and fiberglass outboards increased at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 5.2% between 2011 and 2019, for the 50 reporting states. While domestic retail registration volumes for new recreational powerboats decreased in 2019, total retail sales dollars increased in 2019, according to National Marine Manufacturers Association. These increases have been led by growth in our core market, performance sport boats, which produced a double-digit compound annual growth rate between 2011 and 2019. While the growth rate was negatively impacted by weak sales in March and April 2020 due to COVID-19, we believe domestic retail demand growth has otherwise continued in performance sport boats for calendar year 2020, in part because consumers have turned to boating as a form of outdoor, socially distanced recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fiberglass sterndrive and outboard boats, the target markets for our Cobalt and Pursuit branded products, have seen their combined market grow at a 4.5% compound annual growth rate between 2011 and 2019. That growth has been driven by the outboard market where Pursuit is focused and Cobalt is a new entrant and where we plan to meaningfully expand our market share in the future. While Cobalt’s primary market for sterndrive propulsion has been challenged, their performance continues to be helped by market share gains and they continue to see registration growth. During 2019, the fiberglass outboard market was approximately flat year-over-year, but, in foot lengths 23 feet and greater, where Pursuit and Cobalt compete, the market continues to grow. We expect the growing demand for our products to continue, albeit at a lower pace than the past 8 years.
Regardless of retail market growth rates, the combination of continued strong retail market activity this summer and the temporary suspension of our operations from March and into May 2020, has depleted inventory levels at our dealers below prior year levels and we expect to see meaningful wholesale demand to restock our dealer inventories through fiscal year 2021 and beyond. While we expect lower dealer inventory levels will support fiscal year 2021 financial performance and likely into 2022, numerous other variables have the potential to impact our volumes, both positively and negatively. For example, we believe the substantial decrease in the price of oil, broad strength of the U.S. dollar and recently implemented tariffs has
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resulted in reduced demand for our boats in certain markets. To date, growth in our domestic market has offset the significantly diminished demand from economies that are driven by the oil industry and international markets. Consumer confidence, expanded or eroded, is a variable that can also impact demand for our products in both directions. Other challenges that could impact demand for recreational powerboats include higher interest rates reducing retail consumer appetite for our product, the availability of credit to our dealers and retail consumers, fuel costs, a meaningful reduction in the value of global or domestic equity markets, the continued acceptance of our new products in the recreational boating market, our ability to compete in the competitive power boating industry, and the costs of labor and certain of our raw materials and key components.
Since 2008, we have increased our market share among manufacturers of performance sport boats due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features. As the market for our product has recovered our competitors have become more aggressive in their product introductions, increased their distribution and launched surf systems competitive with our patented Surf Gate system. This competitive environment has continued throughout the past few years, but strong performance from Malibu and Axis in 2019 and year-to-date 2020 has expanded our market share lead over our nearest competitor in the performance sport boats category. We believe our new product pipeline, strong dealer network and ability to manage our business through the COVID-19 pandemic leaves us well positioned to maintain and potentially expand our industry leading market position in performance sports boats. In addition, we continue to be the market share leader in both the premium and value-oriented product sub-categories.
We also believe our track record of expanding our market share due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features is directly transferable to our Cobalt and Pursuit acquisitions. While Cobalt and Pursuit are market leaders in certain areas, we believe our experience positions us to execute a strategy to drive enhanced share by expanding both the Cobalt and Pursuit product offerings with different foot lengths, different boat types and different propulsion technologies. Our new product development efforts at Cobalt and Pursuit will take time and our ability to influence near-term model introductions is limited, but we have already begun to execute on this strategy. With respect to Cobalt, we have included Splash and Stow and a new electronic flip down Swim Step for model year 2021 boats. For the Pursuit brand, our focus has been on expanding the award winning Dual Console, Sport and Offshore product offerings that continue to combine innovative features and dependable performance in refined designs that accommodate a broad array of activities on the water, including the Electric Sliding Entertainment Center on the new S 378. We believe enhancing new product development combined with diligent management of the Cobalt and Pursuit dealer networks positions us to meaningfully improve our share of the sterndrive and outboard markets over time.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that our results of operations and our growth prospects are affected by a number of factors, such as the economic environment and consumer demand for our products, our ability to develop new products and innovate, our product mix, our ability to manage manufacturing costs, including through our vertical integration efforts, sales cycles and inventory levels, the strength of our dealer network and our ability to offer dealer financing and incentives. We discuss each of these factors in more detail under the heading “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations” in our Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020. While we do not have control of all factors affecting our results from operations, we work diligently to influence and manage those factors which we can impact to enhance our results of operations.
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Components of Results of Operations
Net Sales
We generate revenue from the sale of boats to our dealers. The substantial majority of our net sales are derived from the sale of boats, including optional features included at the time of the initial wholesale purchase of the boat. Net sales consists of the following:
•Gross sales from:
•Boat and trailer sales—consists of sales of boats and trailers to our dealer network. Nearly all of our boat sales include optional feature upgrades purchased by the consumer, which increase the average selling price of our boats; and
•Parts and other sales—consists of sales of replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories to our dealer network; and consists of royalty income earned from license agreements with various boat manufacturers, including Nautique, Chaparral, Mastercraft, and Tige related to the use of our intellectual property.
•Net sales are net of:
•Sales returns—consists primarily of contractual repurchases of boats either repossessed by the floor plan financing provider from the dealer or returned by the dealer under our warranty program; and
•Rebates, free flooring and discounts—consists of incentives, rebates and free flooring, we provide to our dealers based on sales of eligible products. For our Malibu and Axis models, if a domestic dealer meets its monthly or quarterly commitment volume, as well as other terms of the dealer performance program, the dealer is entitled to a specified rebate. For our Cobalt models, if a domestic dealer meets its quarterly commitment volume, as well as other terms of the dealer performance program, the dealer is entitled to a specified rebate. For our Pursuit models, if a dealer meets its quarterly or annual volume goals, the dealer is entitled to a specific rebate applied to their wholesale volume purchased from Pursuit. For Malibu and Cobalt models and select Pursuit models, our dealers that take delivery of current model year boats in the offseason, typically July through April in the U.S., are also entitled to have us pay the interest to floor the boat until the earlier of (1) the sale of the unit or (2) a date near the end of the current model year, which incentive we refer to as “free flooring.” From time to time, we may extend the flooring program to eligible models beyond the offseason period.
Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales includes all of the costs to manufacture our products, including raw materials, components, supplies, direct labor and factory overhead. For components and accessories manufactured by third-party vendors, such costs represent the amounts invoiced by the vendors. Shipping costs and depreciation expense related to manufacturing equipment and facilities are also included in cost of sales. Warranty costs associated with the repair or replacement of our boats under warranty are also included in cost of sales.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include selling and marketing, and general and administrative costs. Each of these items includes personnel and related expenses, supplies, non-manufacturing overhead, third-party professional fees and various other operating expenses. Further, selling and marketing expenditures include the cost of advertising and various promotional sales incentive programs. General and administrative expenses include, among other things, salaries, benefits and other personnel related expenses for employees engaged in product development, engineering, finance, information technology, human resources and executive management. Other costs include outside legal and accounting fees, investor relations, risk management (insurance) and other administrative costs.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net consists of interest expense and other income or expense, net. Interest expense consists of interest charged under our outstanding debt, interest on our interest rate swap arrangement and change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015, which matured on March 31, 2020, and amortization of deferred financing costs on our credit facilities.
Income Taxes
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Malibu Boats, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax in multiple jurisdictions with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. The LLC is a pass-through entity for federal purposes but incurs income tax in certain state jurisdictions.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest
As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, we had a 96.7% and 96.1% controlling economic interest, respectively, and 100% voting interest in the LLC and, therefore, we consolidate the LLC's operating results for financial statement purposes. Net income attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling LLC members.
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Results of Operations
The table below sets forth our unaudited interim consolidated results of operations, expressed in thousands (except unit volume and net sales per unit) and as a percentage of net sales, for the periods presented. Our unaudited interim consolidated financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below will not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| $ |  | % Revenue |  | $ |  | % Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | 180,984 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 172,080 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 135,243 |  |  | 74.7 |  |  | 132,079 |  |  | 76.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 45,741 |  |  | 25.3 |  |  | 40,001 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 3,612 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 5,066 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 11,654 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 10,668 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 1,524 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1,584 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 28,951 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 22,683 |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other (income) expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 556 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other (income) expense, net | 546 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | 28,405 |  |  | 15.7 |  |  | 21,526 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 6,367 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4,844 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 22,038 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 16,682 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 945 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. | 21,093 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | 15,859 |  |  | 9.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  | Unit Volumes |  | % Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volume by Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malibu | 1,031 |  |  | 63.1 | % |  | 1,014 |  |  | 58.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cobalt | 458 |  |  | 28.0 |  |  | 570 |  |  | 33.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pursuit | 146 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total units | 1,635 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 1,727 |  |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales per unit | $ | 110,694 |  |  |  |  | $ | 99,641 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $8.9 million, or 5.2%, to $181.0 million as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in net sales was driven primarily by a favorable model mix in our Malibu segment and increased unit volumes in our Malibu and Pursuit segments. Unit volume for the three months ended September 30, 2020, decreased 92 units, or 5.3%, to 1,635 units as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our unit volume decreased because we have been managing our production levels in anticipation of supply chain constraints,
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which we have begun to experience in recent weeks, and to adjust for the rapid introduction of new models and plant expansions at Cobalt and Pursuit.
Net sales attributable to our Malibu segment increased $14.0 million, or 16.2%, to $99.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Unit volumes attributable to our Malibu segment increased 17 units for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in net sales and unit volumes was driven primarily by strong demand for our new, larger models and optional features.
Net sales attributable to our Cobalt segment decreased $5.7 million, or 11.3%, to $44.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Unit volumes attributable to Cobalt decreased 112 units for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our unit volumes, and as a result our net sales, for our Cobalt segment decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2020 driven by our lower production levels for our Cobalt segment at the end of fiscal year 2020. The planned lower production rates were driven by our investment in the plant to optimize efficiency and expand capacity, the introduction of three new Cobalt models during the quarter, and challenges around labor and supply as a result of the pandemic. While we are ahead of our planned production levels, we do not expect unit volume in this segment will result in year-over-year gains until the second half of this fiscal year. The decrease in our net sales for Cobalt was partially offset by a favorable product mix of our Cobalt models.
Net sales attributable to our Pursuit segment increased $0.6 million, or 1.7%, to $36.7 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was driven primarily by unit volumes which increased three units for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Overall consolidated net sales per unit increased 11.1% to $110,694 per unit for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Net sales per unit for our Malibu segment increased 14.3% to $96,829 per unit for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, driven by higher sales of new, more expensive models and optional features. Net sales per unit for our Cobalt segment increased 10.4% to $97,122 per unit for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, driven by higher sales of larger, more expensive models. Net sales per unit for our Pursuit segment decreased 0.4% to $251,171 per unit for the three months ended September 30, 2020.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $3.2 million, or 2.4%, to $135.2 million as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in cost of sales was driven primarily by higher cost associated with producing new, larger models, with expanded optional features which experienced increased demand during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $5.7 million, or 14.3%, to $45.7 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in gross profit was driven primarily by higher sales revenue with a more favorable product mix partially offset by the increased cost of sales. Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased 210 basis points from 23.2% to 25.3%.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020, decreased $1.5 million, or 28.7% to $3.6 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily driven by decreased travel and promotional events due mostly to restrictions imposed by COVID-19. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses decreased 90 basis points compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020, increased $1.0 million, or 9.2%, to $11.7 million as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 driven primarily by higher legal expenses related to intellectual property litigation. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses increased 30 basis points to 6.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 remained flat at $1.5 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.6 million, or 52.8% to expense of $0.5 million, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to decreased interest expense.
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Interest expense decreased due to a lower interest rate and lower average outstanding debt during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020, increased $1.5 million, or 31.4%, to $6.4 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase primarily resulted from increased pre-tax earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, our effective tax rate of 22.4% and 22.5%, respectively, exceeded the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of U.S. state taxes. This increase was partially offset by the benefits of the foreign derived intangible income deduction, the research and development tax credit, and the impact of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the applicable period, by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively.
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GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management as well as by investors, commercial bankers, industry analysts and other users of our financial statements.
We define adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash, non-recurring or non-operating expenses, including certain professional fees, and non- cash compensation expense. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of net income as determined by GAAP. Management believes adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin allow investors to evaluate the company’s operating performance and compare our results of operations from period to period on a consistent basis by excluding items that management does not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to assist in highlighting trends in our operating results without regard to our financing methods, capital structure and non-recurring or non-operating expenses. We exclude the items listed above from net income in arriving at adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, the methods by which assets were acquired and other factors. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP or as an indicator of our liquidity. Certain items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historical costs of depreciable assets. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computations of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income as determined in accordance with GAAP to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 22,038 |  |  | $ | 16,682 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 6,367 |  |  | 4,844 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 556 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 3,486 |  |  | 3,097 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 1,524 |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |  |  |
Professional fees 1 | 1,565 |  |  | 335 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense 2 | 811 |  |  | 677 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 36,347 |  |  | $ | 28,386 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 20.1 | % |  | 16.5 | % |  |  |  |

(1) | Represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with Skier's Choice, Inc. See Note 15 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to key employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. For more information, see Note 13 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

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Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income
We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income as net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. (i) excluding income tax expense, (ii) excluding the effect of non-recurring or non-cash items, (iii) assuming the exchange of all LLC units into shares of Class A Common Stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in the LLC, and (iv) reflecting an adjustment for income tax expense on fully distributed net income before income taxes at our estimated effective income tax rate. Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure because it represents net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., before non-recurring or non-cash items and the effects of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
We use Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone.
We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income assists our board of directors, management and investors in comparing our net income on a consistent basis from period to period because it removes non-cash or non-recurring items, and eliminates the variability of non-controlling interest as a result of member owner exchanges of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock.
In addition, because Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income measures, as presented in this Quarterly Report, may differ from and may, therefore, not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The following table shows the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for net income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of numerator for net income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. |  | $ | 21,093 |  |  | $ | 15,859 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes |  | 6,367 |  |  | 4,844 |  |  |  |  |
Professional fees 1 |  | 1,565 |  |  | 335 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 2 |  | 1,073 |  |  | 1,073 |  |  |  |  |
Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 3 |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense 4 |  | 811 |  |  | 677 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 5 |  | 945 |  |  | 823 |  |  |  |  |
Fully distributed net income before income taxes |  | 31,854 |  |  | 23,649 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 6 |  | 7,518 |  |  | 5,558 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted fully distributed net income |  | $ | 24,336 |  |  | $ | 18,091 |  |  |  |  |

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of denominator for net income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A Common Stock used for basic net income per share: |  | 20,651,929 |  |  | 20,830,121 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average LLC units held by non-controlling unit holders 7 |  | 714,261 |  |  | 830,152 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average unvested restricted stock awards issued to management 8 |  | 179,048 |  |  | 126,516 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: |  | 21,545,238 |  |  | 21,786,789 |  |  |  |  |

The following table shows the reconciliation of net income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Net income available to Class A Common Stock per share |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  |  |
Impact of adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes |  | 0.31 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  |  |  |
Professional fees 1 |  | 0.08 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration related expenses 2 |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |  |
Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 3 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense 4 |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 5 |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  |  |
Fully distributed net income per share before income taxes |  | 1.55 |  |  | 1.13 |  |  |  |  |
Impact of income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 6 |  | (0.36) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  |  |  |
Impact of increased share count 9 |  | (0.06) |  |  | (0.03) |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per Share of Class A Common Stock |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  |  |  |

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(1) | Represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with Skier's Choice, Inc. See Note 15 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2) | For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, represents amortization of intangibles acquired in connection with the acquisition of Pursuit and Cobalt.
(3) | Represents the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap entered into on July 1, 2015. The swap matured on March 31, 2020.
(4) | Represents equity-based incentives awarded to certain of our employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. See Note 13 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(5) | Reflects the elimination of the non-controlling interest in the LLC as if all LLC members had fully exchanged their LLC Units for shares of Class A Common Stock.
(6) | Reflects income tax expense at an estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate of 23.6% and 23.5% of income before income taxes for the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, assuming the conversion of all LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock. The estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate for fiscal year 2021 is based on the federal statutory rate plus a blended state rate adjusted for the research and development tax credit, the foreign derived intangible income deduction, and foreign income taxes attributable to our Australian subsidiary.
(7) | Represents the weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units held by non-controlling interests assuming they were exchanged into Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis.
(8) | Represents the weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares during the applicable period that were convertible into Class A Common Stock and granted to members of management.
(9) | Reflects impact of increased share counts assuming the exchange of all weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock and the conversion of all weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares granted to members of management.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of funds are cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit agreement. Our primary use of funds has been for capital investments, repayments under our debt arrangements, acquisitions, cash distributions
to members of the LLC and cash payments under our tax receivable agreement. The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Total cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 32,762 |  |  | $ | 27,713 |
Investing activities | (5,432) |  |  | (10,704) |
Financing activities | (8,752) |  |  | (11,930) |
Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances | 73 |  |  | (126) |
Increase in cash | $ | 18,651 |  |  | $ | 4,953 |

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $32.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $27.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $5.0 million. The increase in cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from an increase of $6.4 million due to an increase in net income (after consideration of non-cash items included in net income, primarily related to depreciation, amortization, deferred tax assets and non-cash compensation) partially offset by a net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $1.4 million related to the timing of collections of accounts receivables, payments for accruals and payables, and purchases of inventory.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $10.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $5.3 million. The decrease in cash used for investing activities was primarily related to a reduction in capital expenditures compared to the capital outlays for our expansion activities at our Pursuit and Cobalt plants in the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $8.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $11.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.1 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we repaid $8.8 million of revolving debt, we paid $0.1 million in distributions to LLC unit holders and $0.1 million on taxes for shares withheld on restricted stock vestings and we received $0.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased $11.1 million of our Class A Common Stock under our previously announced stock repurchase program, which expired on July 1, 2020. We paid $0.6 million in distributions to LLC unit holders and $0.2 million on taxes for shares withheld on restricted stock vestings during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Loans and Commit ments
We currently have a revolving credit facility with borrowing capacity of up to $120.0 million and a $75.0 million term loan outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and $1.2 million in outstanding letters of credit. We repaid $8.8 million on our revolving credit facility in September 2020. The revolving credit facility matures on July 1, 2024 and the term loan matures on July 1, 2022. The revolving credit facility and term loan are governed by a credit agreement with Malibu Boats, LLC (“Boats LLC”) as the borrower and Truist Financial Corp., as the administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing bank. The obligations of Boats LLC under the credit agreement are guaranteed by Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, and, subject to certain exceptions, the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Boats LLC, and all such obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Malibu Boats Holdings LLC, Boats LLC and such subsidiary guarantors. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the credit agreement.
Borrowings under our credit agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at our option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 0.25% to 1.25% with respect to Base
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Rate borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on our term loan and revolving credit facility was 1.40%. We are required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, which will range from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum, depending on Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio.
The credit agreement permits prepayment of the term loan without any penalties. On August 17, 2017, we made a voluntary principal payment on the term loan in the amount of $50.0 million with a portion of the net proceeds from our equity offering completed on August 14, 2017. We exercised our option to apply the prepayment in forward order to principal installments on our term loan through December 31, 2021 and a portion of the principal installments due on March 31, 2022. As a result, the term loan is subject to a quarterly installment of approximately $3.0 million on March 31, 2022 and the balance of the term loan is due on the scheduled maturity date of July 1, 2022. The credit agreement is also subject to prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by Boats LLC or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the credit agreement. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding principal amount of our term loan and revolving credit facility was $75.0 million.
The credit agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The credit agreement also requires compliance with certain customary financial covenants, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The credit agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on certain activities of the loan parties under the credit agreement, such as the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the credit agreement generally prohibits Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, Boats LLC and the subsidiary guarantors from paying dividends or making distributions, including to us. The credit facility permits, however, (i) distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, (ii) distributions to fund payments that are required under the LLC’s tax receivable agreement, (iii) purchase of stock or stock options of the LLC from former officers, directors or employees of loan parties or payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2.0 million in any fiscal year, and (iv) share repurchase payments up to $35.0 million in any fiscal year subject to one-year carry forward and compliance with other financial covenants. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $10.0 million in any fiscal year, subject to compliance with other financial covenants.
Potential Impact of LIBOR Transition
The Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, has announced that the FCA will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. That announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. Moreover, it is possible that LIBOR will be discontinued or modified prior to 2021.
All of our $75.0 million of debt outstanding under our credit agreement as of September 30, 2020 bears interest at a floating rate that uses LIBOR as the applicable reference rate to calculate the interest. Our credit agreement provides that, if the administrative agent has determined that adequate means do not exist for ascertaining LIBOR or that LIBOR does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to lenders for making, funding or maintaining their loans, then all of our outstanding loans under the credit agreement will be converted into loans that accrue interest at the alternative Base Rate described above under “Loans and Commitments” on the last day of such interest period that determination is made. Further, the lenders under our credit agreement will no longer be obligated to make loans using LIBOR as the applicable reference rate.
In addition, our tax receivable agreement provides that, if for any reason the LLC is not able to make a tax distribution in an amount that is sufficient to make any required payment under the tax receivable agreement or we otherwise lack sufficient funds, interest would accrue on any unpaid amounts at LIBOR plus 500 basis points until they are paid. Our tax receivable agreement, however, does not provide for an alternative reference rate to LIBOR and, while we do not currently anticipate failing to pay any amounts owed under our tax receivable agreement, it is unclear how we would determine interest on any such amounts should we fail to pay as required under our tax receivable agreement.
If the rate used to calculate interest on our outstanding floating rate debt under our credit agreement that currently uses LIBOR were to increase by 1.0% either as a result of an increase in LIBOR or the result of the use of the alternative Base Rate, we would expect to incur additional interest expense on such indebtedness as of September 30, 2020 of approximately $0.8 million on an annualized basis. While we do not expect the potential impact of any LIBOR transition to have a material effect on our financial results based on our currently outstanding debt, uncertainty as to the nature of potential changes to LIBOR, fallback provisions, alternative reference rates or other reforms could adversely impact our interest expense on our floating rate debt that currently uses LIBOR as the applicable reference rate. In addition, any alternative reference rates to LIBOR may result in interest that does not correlate over time with the payments that would have been made on our indebtedness if LIBOR
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was available in its current form. Further, the discontinuance or modification of LIBOR and uncertainty of an alternative reference rate may result in the increase in the cost of future indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We intend to closely monitor the financial markets and the use of fallback provisions and alternative reference rates in anticipation of the discontinuance or modification of LIBOR by the end of 2021.
Future Liquidity Needs and Capital Expenditures
Management believes that our existing cash, borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months. We estimate that approximately $3.6 million will be due under the tax receivable agreement within the next 12 months. In accordance with the tax receivable agreement, the next payment is anticipated to occur approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return which is due on April 15, 2021.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the general economic environment in which we operate and our ability to generate cash flow from operations, which are more uncertain as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the general economy. Our liquidity needs during this uncertain time will depend on multiple factors, including our ability to continue operations and production of boats, the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on our dealers, suppliers and retail customers, the availability of sufficient amounts of financing, and our operating performance.
Stock Repurchase Program
On August 27, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to allow for the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our Class A Common Stock and the LLC's LLC Units (the “Repurchase Program”) for the period from September 2, 2020 to July 1, 2021. We intend to fund repurchases under the Repurchase Program from cash on hand. We did not repurchase any shares of our Class A Common Stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, we may repurchase up to $50.0 million in shares of Class A Common Stock and LLC Units under the program.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of September 30, 2020, our continuing contractual obligations were as follows:

| Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More than 5 Years
Bank debt 1 | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest expense 2 | 2,181 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 924 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Operating leases 3 | 17,667 |  |  | 2,509 |  |  | 4,897 |  |  | 4,810 |  |  | 5,451 |
Purchase obligations 4 | 78,616 |  |  | 78,616 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments pursuant to tax receivable agreement 5 | 49,995 |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 7,579 |  |  | 8,094 |  |  | 30,733 |
Total | $ | 223,459 |  |  | $ | 85,971 |  |  | $ | 88,400 |  |  | $ | 12,904 |  |  | $ | 36,184 |

(1) | Principal payments on our outstanding bank debt per terms of our credit agreement, which is comprised of a $75.0 million term loan and $120.0 million revolving credit facility, of which no amount was outstanding as of September 30, 2020. Assumes no additional borrowings or repayments under our revolving credit facility prior to its maturity. The term loan matures on July 1, 2022 and the revolving credit facility matures on July 1, 2024.
(2) | Interest payments on our outstanding term loans under our credit agreement. Our term loan bears interest at variable rates. We have calculated future interest obligations based on the interest rate as of September 30, 2020.
(3) | Pursuant to the adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases, as of July 1, 2019 our lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months as represented on the balance sheet respective of maturity.
(4) | As part of the normal course of business, we enter into purchase orders from a variety of suppliers, primarily for raw materials, in order to manage our various operating needs. The orders are expected to be purchased throughout fiscal year 2021.
(5) | Reflects amounts owed under our tax receivables agreement that we entered into with our pre-IPO owners at the time of our IPO. Under the tax receivables agreement, we pay the pre-IPO owners (or any permitted assignees) 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize, or in some circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of an expected increase in our share of tax basis in LLC’s tangible and intangible assets, including increases attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement. These obligations will not be paid if we do not realize cash tax savings.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with our dealers’ wholesale floor plan financing of boats, we have entered into repurchase arrangements with various lending institutions. The repurchase commitment is on an individual unit basis with a term from the date it is financed by the lending institution through payment date by the dealer, generally not exceeding two and a half years. Such arrangements are customary in the industry and our exposure to loss under such arrangements is limited by the resale value of the inventory which is required to be repurchased. Refer to Note 15 of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further information on repurchase commitments.
Seasonality
Our dealers experience seasonality in their business. Retail demand for boats is seasonal, with a significant majority of sales occurring during peak boating season, which coincides with our first and fourth fiscal quarters. In order to minimize the impact of this seasonality on our business, we manage our manufacturing processes and structure dealer incentives to tie our annual volume rebates program to consistent ordering patterns, encouraging dealers to purchase our products throughout the year. In this regard, we may offer free flooring incentives to dealers from the beginning of our model year through April 30 of each year. Further, in the event that a dealer does not consistently order units throughout the year, such dealer’s rebate is materially reduced. We may offer off-season retail promotions to our dealers in seasonally slow months, during and ahead of boat shows, to encourage retail demand.
Critical Accounting Policies
As of September 30, 2020, there were no other significant changes in the application of our critical accounting policies or estimation procedures from those presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
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Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020, for a complete discussion on the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in market risk from those disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The discussion of legal matters under the section entitled "Legal Proceedings" is incorporated by reference from Note 1 5 of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, there were no material changes to the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On July 29, 2020, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by a member of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 12,772 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to such member in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On August 12, 2020, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by a member of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 12,011 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to such member in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On September 1, 2020, in connection with the exchange of limited liability company interests of the LLC by a member of the LLC, the Company issued a total of 3,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share for nominal consideration to such member in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock
On August 27, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of Class A Common Stock and the LLC Units for the period from September 2, 2020 to July 1, 2021. No shares have been repurchased under our New Repurchase Program during the quarter ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, we may repurchase up to $50.0 million in shares of Class A Common Stock and LLC Units under the program.
In September 2020, the Company repurchased 2,939 shares of Class A Common Stock at $50.25 per share from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations incurred in connections with the vesting of restricted stock.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.2 |  | Bylaws of Malibu Boats, Inc. 1
3.3 |  | Certificate of Formation of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 1
3.4 |  | First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, dated as of February 5, 2014 2
3.4.1 |  | First Amendment, dated as of February 5, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 3
3.4.2 |  | Second Amendment, dated as of June 27, 2014, to First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 4
4.1 |  | Description of Class A Common Stock 5
4.2 |  | Form of Class A Common Stock Certificate 1
4.3 |  | Form of Class B Common Stock Certificate 1
4.4 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc. and Affiliates of Black Canyon Capital LLC and Horizon Holdings, LLC 2
4.5 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc. and the Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
4.6 |  | Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2014, by and among Malibu Boats, Inc., Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and the Other Members of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC 2
31.1 |  | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101 |  | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 were formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (Included as Exhibit 101).

(1) Filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-192862) filed on January 8, 2014.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on February 6, 2014.
(3) Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A (File No. 001-36290) filed on May 13, 2014.
(4) Filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on June 27, 2014.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-36290) filed on August 29, 2019.
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Table of Contents
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

November 6, 2020 |  | MALIBU BOATS, INC. |
|  | By: | /s/ Jack Springer
|  |  | Jack Springer, Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By: | /s/ Wayne Wilson
|  |  | Wayne Wilson, Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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