10-Q 1 smbc-10q103118.htm QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

X | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2018
OR

___ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-23406
Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

| Missouri |  | 43-1665523
| (State or jurisdiction of incorporation) |  | (IRS employer id. no.)

2991 Oak Grove Road, Poplar Bluff, MO | 63901
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

(573) 778-1800Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes | X | No |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes | X | No |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer | X | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12 b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes |  | No | X

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class |  | Outstanding at February 8, 2019
Common Stock, Par Value $.01 |  | 9,322,209 Shares

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

PART I. | Financial Information | PAGE NO.
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
| - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 4
| - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5
| - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 52
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 54
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 55
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 55
Item 1a. | Risk Factors | 55
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 55
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities | 55
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 55
Item 5. | Other Information | 55
Item 6. | Exhibits | 56
| - Signature Page | 57
| - Certifications |

PART I: Item 1: Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND JUNE 30, 2018

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 38,384 |  |  | $ | 26,326 |
Interest-bearing time deposits |  |  | 1,711 |  |  |  | 1,953 |
Available for sale securities |  |  | 197,872 |  |  |  | 146,325 |
Stock in FHLB of Des Moines |  |  | 9,339 |  |  |  | 5,661 |
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | 3,566 |
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $19,023 and $18,214 at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively |  |  | 1,801,477 |  |  |  | 1,563,380 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 10,801 |  |  |  | 7,992 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 62,253 |  |  |  | 54,832 |
Bank owned life insurance – cash surrender value |  |  | 37,845 |  |  |  | 37,547 |
Goodwill |  |  | 14,089 |  |  |  | 13,078 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 10,340 |  |  |  | 6,918 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 18,602 |  |  |  | 18,537 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,206,279 |  |  | $ | 1,886,115 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 1,796,006 |  |  | $ | 1,579,902 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 4,425 |  |  |  | 3,267 |
Advances from FHLB of Des Moines |  |  | 155,765 |  |  |  | 76,652 |
Note payable |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 6,392 |  |  |  | 6,449 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 1,668 |  |  |  | 1,206 |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 14,994 |  |  |  | 14,945 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,982,250 |  |  |  | 1,685,421 |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 25,000,000 and 12,000,000 shares authorized; 9,313,109 and 8,996,584 shares issued, respectively, at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 90 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 94,293 |  |  |  | 83,413 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 131,451 |  |  |  | 119,536 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (1,808 | ) |  |  | (2,345 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 224,029 |  |  |  | 200,694 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 2,206,279 |  |  | $ | 1,886,115 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
3

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE THREE- AND SIX- MONTH PERIODS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 (Unaudited)

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
(dollars in thousands except per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |
INTEREST INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 22,785 |  |  | $ | 18,236 |  |  | $ | 43,701 |  |  | $ | 35,692 |
Investment securities |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | 558 |  |  |  | 1,255 |  |  |  | 1,087 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 649 |  |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 1,232 |  |  |  | 843 |
Other interest-earning assets |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 20 |
Total interest income |  |  | 24,207 |  |  |  | 19,231 |  |  |  | 46,249 |  |  |  | 37,642 |
INTEREST EXPENSE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 4,925 |  |  |  | 3,025 |  |  |  | 8,934 |  |  |  | 5,887 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 22 |
Advances from FHLB of Des Moines |  |  | 932 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 1,531 |  |  |  | 510 |
Note payable |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 57 |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 360 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 6,139 |  |  |  | 3,528 |  |  |  | 11,014 |  |  |  | 6,836 |
NET INTEREST INCOME |  |  | 18,068 |  |  |  | 15,703 |  |  |  | 35,235 |  |  |  | 30,806 |
PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | 642 |  |  |  | 995 |  |  |  | 1,511 |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES |  |  | 17,754 |  |  |  | 15,061 |  |  |  | 34,240 |  |  |  | 29,295 |
NONINTEREST INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposit account charges and related fees |  |  | 1,286 |  |  |  | 1,162 |  |  |  | 2,510 |  |  |  | 2,331 |
Bank card interchange income |  |  | 1,182 |  |  |  | 905 |  |  |  | 2,245 |  |  |  | 1,773 |
Loan late charges |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 219 |
Loan servicing fees |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | 327 |
Other loan fees |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | 630 |
Net realized gains on sale of loans |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | 320 |  |  |  | 422 |
Net realized gains on sale of AFS securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 37 |
Earnings on bank owned life insurance |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 234 |  |  |  | 840 |  |  |  | 466 |
Other income |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 241 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 4,054 |  |  |  | 3,174 |  |  |  | 7,483 |  |  |  | 6,446 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  | 6,445 |  |  |  | 5,424 |  |  |  | 12,492 |  |  |  | 11,356 |
Occupancy and equipment, net |  |  | 2,671 |  |  |  | 2,379 |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | 4,684 |
Deposit insurance premiums |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | 270 |
Legal and professional fees |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 545 |
Advertising |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | 593 |  |  |  | 602 |
Postage and office supplies |  |  | 193 |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 345 |  |  |  | 374 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 348 |  |  |  | 770 |  |  |  | 696 |
Bank card network expense |  |  | 496 |  |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | 991 |  |  |  | 740 |
Other operating expense |  |  | 1,696 |  |  |  | 1,010 |  |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 2,006 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 12,552 |  |  |  | 10,519 |  |  |  | 24,000 |  |  |  | 21,273 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  |  | 9,256 |  |  |  | 7,716 |  |  |  | 17,723 |  |  |  | 14,468 |
INCOME TAXES |  |  | 1,802 |  |  |  | 2,546 |  |  |  | 3,469 |  |  |  | 4,435 |
NET INCOME |  | $ | 7,454 |  |  | $ | 5,170 |  |  | $ | 14,254 |  |  | $ | 10,033 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.57 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.57 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
4

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE- AND SIX- MONTH PERIODS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 (Unaudited)

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 7,454 |  |  | $ | 5,170 |  |  | $ | 14,254 |  |  | $ | 10,033 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |  | (1,360 | ) |  |  | 766 |  |  |  | (1,338 | )
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 37 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income |  |  | - |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 52 |
Tax benefit (expense) |  |  | (320 | ) |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | (229 | ) |  |  | 416 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 824 |  |  |  | (929 | ) |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | (907 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 8,278 |  |  | $ | 4,241 |  |  | $ | 14,791 |  |  | $ | 9,126 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017 (Unaudited)

|  | Six months ended |
|  | December 31, |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | 14,254 |  |  | $ | 10,033 |
Items not requiring (providing) cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,614 |  |  |  | 1,559 |
Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | (12 | )
Stock option and stock grant expense |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 144 |
Loss (gain) on sale/write-down of REO |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | (71 | )
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 770 |  |  |  | 696 |
Accretion of purchase accounting adjustments |  |  | (1,629 | ) |  |  | (820 | )
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (BOLI) |  |  | (840 | ) |  |  | (466 | )
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 995 |  |  |  | 1,511 |
Gains realized on sale of AFS securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (37 | )
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 510 |
Originations of loans held for sale |  |  | (14,689 | ) |  |  | (11,605 | )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale |  |  | 14,934 |  |  |  | 11,199 |
Gain on sales of loans held for sale |  |  | (320 | ) |  |  | (422 | )
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | (1,071 | ) |  |  | (2,290 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 2,540 |  |  |  | 4,938 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | (512 | ) |  |  | (3,657 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (188 | ) |  |  | 142 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | 162 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 16,940 |  |  |  | 11,514 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in loans |  |  | (94,716 | ) |  |  | (56,501 | )
Net change in interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 249 |
Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities |  |  | 13,650 |  |  |  | 7,943 |
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,303 |
Net purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | (2,617 | ) |  |  | (764 | )
Net purchases of Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis stock |  |  | - |  |  |  | (836 | )
Purchases of available-for-sale securities |  |  | (10,017 | ) |  |  | (20,978 | )
Purchases of premises and equipment |  |  | (5,381 | ) |  |  | (1,714 | )
Net cash paid for acquisition |  |  | (8,377 | ) |  |  | - |
Investments in state & federal tax credits |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | (4,748 | )
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | 854 |
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets |  |  | 1,753 |  |  |  | 752 |
Proceeds from BOLI claim |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | - |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (105,150 | ) |  |  | (68,440 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in demand deposits and savings accounts |  |  | (63,690 | ) |  |  | 73,299 |
Net increase (decrease) in certificates of deposits |  |  | 109,146 |  |  |  | (19,914 | )
Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 1,158 |  |  |  | (6,515 | )
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 327,500 |  |  |  | 1,186,400 |
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | (267,107 | ) |  |  | (1,170,000 | )
Repayments of long term debt |  |  | (4,400 | ) |  |  | - |
Common stock issued expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  |  | (2,339 | ) |  |  | (1,890 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 100,268 |  |  |  | 61,376 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 12,058 |  |  |  | 4,450 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 26,326 |  |  |  | 30,786 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 38,384 |  |  | $ | 35,236 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of loans to foreclosed real estate |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |
Conversion of loans to repossessed assets |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 34 |
The Company purchased all of the capital stock of Gideon for $22,028 on November 21, 2018. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In conjunction with the acquisition, liabilities were assumed as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired |  |  | 216,772 |  |  |  | - |
Less: common stock issued |  |  | 10,757 |  |  |  | - |
Cash paid for the capital stock |  |  | 11,271 |  |  |  | - |
Liabilities assumed |  |  | 194,744 |  |  |  | - |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest (net of interest credited) |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
Income taxes |  |  | 795 |  |  |  | 1,080 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of June 30, 2018, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of that date. Operating results for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. For additional information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s June 30, 2018, Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Southern Bank. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Note 2: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization. Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., a Missouri corporation (the Company) was organized in 1994 and is the parent company of Southern Bank (the Bank). Substantially all of the Company’s consolidated revenues are derived from the operations of the Bank, and the Bank represents substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities. SB Real Estate Investments, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank formed to hold Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC. Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC is a REIT which is controlled by SB Real Estate Investments, LLC, but which has other preferred shareholders in order to meet the requirements to be a REIT. At December 31, 2018, assets of the REIT were approximately $608 million, and consisted primarily of loan participations acquired from the Bank.
The Bank is primarily engaged in providing a full range of banking and financial services to individuals and corporate customers in its market areas. The Bank and Company are subject to competition from other financial institutions. The Bank and Company are subject to regulation by certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation. The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices within the banking industry. In the normal course of business, the Company encounters two significant types of risk: economic and regulatory. Economic risk is comprised of interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest-bearing liabilities reprice on a different basis than its interest-earning assets. Credit risk is the risk of default on the Company’s investment or loan portfolios resulting from the borrowers’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments. Market risk reflects changes in the value of the investment portfolio, collateral underlying loans receivable, and the value of the Company’s investments in real estate.
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, estimated fair values of purchased loans, other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI), and fair value of financial instruments.
7

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash, due from depository institutions and interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions with original maturities of three months or less. Interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions were $1.2 million and $3.4 million at December 31, and June 30, 2018, respectively. The deposits are held in various commercial banks in amounts not exceeding the FDIC’s deposit insurance limits, as well as at the Federal Reserve and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines.
Interest-bearing Time Deposits. Interest bearing time deposits in banks mature within seven years and are carried at cost.
Available for Sale Securities. Available for sale securities, which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. All securities have been classified as available for sale.
Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted as adjustments to income over the estimated life of the security using the level yield method. Realized gains or losses on the sale of securities is based on the specific identification method. The fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.
The Company does not invest in collateralized mortgage obligations that are considered high risk.
When the Company does not intend to sell a debt security, and it is more likely than not the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it recognizes the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. As a result of this guidance, the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of the dates presented reflects the full impairment (that is, the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and fair value) on debt securities that the Company intends to sell or would more likely than not be required to sell before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. For available-for-sale debt securities that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the noncredit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections.
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system, and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Capital stock of the FHLB and the Federal Reserve is a required investment based upon a predetermined formula and is carried at cost.
Loans. Loans are generally stated at unpaid principal balances, less the allowance for loan losses and net deferred loan origination fees.
Interest on loans is accrued based upon the principal amount outstanding. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s judgment, the collectability of interest or principal in the normal course of business is doubtful. The Company complies with regulatory guidance which indicates that loans should be placed in nonaccrual status when 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. A loan that is “in the process of collection” may be subject to legal action or, in appropriate circumstances, through other collection efforts reasonably expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status in the near future. A loan is considered delinquent when a payment has not been made by the contractual due date. Interest income previously accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income. Cash receipts on a nonaccrual loan are applied to principal and interest in accordance with its contractual terms unless full payment of principal is not expected, in which case cash receipts, whether designated as principal or interest, are applied as a reduction of the carrying value of the loan. A nonaccrual loan is generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured, and a consistent record of performance has been demonstrated.
8

The allowance for losses on loans represents management’s best estimate of losses probable in the existing loan portfolio. The allowance for losses on loans is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries of loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when received. The provision for losses on loans is determined based on management’s assessment of several factors: reviews and evaluations of specific loans, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and the related impact on specific borrowers and industry groups, historical loan loss experience, the level of classified and nonperforming loans and the results of regulatory examinations.
Loans are considered impaired if, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Depending on a particular loan’s circumstances, we measure impairment of a loan based upon either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if the loan is collateral dependent. Valuation allowances are established for collateral-dependent impaired loans for the difference between the loan amount and fair value of collateral less estimated selling costs. For impaired loans that are not collateral dependent, a valuation allowance is established for the difference between the loan amount and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate or the observable market price of the loan. Impairment losses are recognized through an increase in the required allowance for loan losses. Cash receipts on loans deemed impaired are recorded based on the loan’s separate status as a nonaccrual loan or an accrual status loan.
Some loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. For these loans (“purchased credit impaired loans”), the Company recorded a fair value discount and began carrying them at book value less their face amount (see Note 4). For these loans, we determined the contractual amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest payments (the “undiscounted contractual cash flows”), and estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal and interest payments, including expected prepayments (the “undiscounted expected cash flows”). Under acquired impaired loan accounting, the difference between the undiscounted contractual cash flows and the undiscounted expected cash flows is the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference is an estimate of the loss exposure of principal and interest related to the purchased credit impaired loans, and the amount is subject to change over time based on the performance of the loans. The carrying value of purchased credit impaired loans is initially determined as the discounted expected cash flows. The excess of expected cash flows at acquisition over the initial fair value of the purchased credit impaired loans is referred to as the “accretable yield” and is recorded as interest income over the estimated life of the acquired loans using the level-yield method, if the timing and amount of the future cash flows is reasonably estimable. The carrying value of purchased credit impaired loans is reduced by payments received, both principal and interest, and increased by the portion of the accretable yield recognized as interest income. Subsequent to acquisition, the Company evaluates the purchased credit impaired loans on a quarterly basis. Increases in expected cash flows compared to those previously estimated increase the accretable yield and are recognized as interest income prospectively. Decreases in expected cash flows compared to those previously estimated decrease the accretable yield and may result in the establishment of an allowance for loan losses and a provision for loan losses. Purchased credit impaired loans are generally considered accruing and performing loans, as the loans accrete interest income over the estimated life of the loan when expected cash flows are reasonably estimable. Accordingly, purchased credit impaired loans that are contractually past due are still considered to be accruing and performing as long as there is an expectation that the estimated cash flows will be received. If the timing and amount of cash flows is not reasonably estimable, the loans may be classified as nonaccrual loans.
Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized as an adjustment to interest income using the interest method over the contractual life of the loans.
Foreclosed Real Estate. Real estate acquired by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs. Costs for development and improvement of the property are capitalized.
Valuations are periodically performed by management, and an allowance for losses is established by a charge to operations if the carrying value of a property exceeds its estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs.
9

Loans to facilitate the sale of real estate acquired in foreclosure are discounted if made at less than market rates. Discounts are amortized over the fixed interest period of each loan using the interest method.
Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and include expenditures for major betterments and renewals. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. When property is retired or sold, the retired asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss taken into income. The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment loss recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Depreciation is computed by use of straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated lives are generally seven to forty years for premises, three to seven years for equipment, and three years for software.
Bank Owned Life Insurance. Bank owned life insurance policies are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the estimated cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies, as well as a portion of the insurance proceeds received, are recorded in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill. The Company’s goodwill is evaluated annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. A qualitative assessment is performed to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not the fair value is less than the carrying amount, including goodwill. If, based on the evaluation, it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, then goodwill is tested further for impairment. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements.
Intangible Assets. The Company’s intangible assets at December 31, 2018 included gross core deposit intangibles of $14.7 million with $6.0 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $3.8 million with accumulated amortization of $3.8 million, and FHLB mortgage servicing rights of $1.6 million. At June 30, 2018, the Company’s intangible assets included gross core deposit intangibles of $10.6 million with $5.2 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $3.8 million with accumulated amortization of $3.8 million, and FHLB mortgage servicing rights of $1.5 million. The Company’s core deposit intangible assets are being amortized using the straight line method, over periods ranging from five to seven years, with amortization expense expected to be approximately $902,000 in the remainder of fiscal 2019, $1.8 million in fiscal 2020, $1.3 million in fiscal 2021, $1.3 million in fiscal 2022, $1.3 million in fiscal 2023, and $2.2 million thereafter.
Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.
Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
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The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.
The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries.
Incentive Plan. The Company accounts for its Management and Recognition Plan (MRP) and Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) in accordance with ASC 718, “Share-Based Payment.” Compensation expense is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the date the shares are granted and is recorded over the vesting period. The difference between the aggregate purchase price and the fair value on the date the shares are considered earned represents a tax benefit to the Company that is recorded as an adjustment to income tax expense.
Outside Directors’ Retirement. The Bank has entered into a retirement agreement with most outside directors since April 1994. The directors’ retirement agreements provide that non-employee directors shall receive, upon termination of service on the Board on or after age 60, other than termination for cause, a benefit in equal annual installments over a five year period. The benefit will be based upon the product of the participant’s vesting percentage and the total Board fees paid to the participant during the calendar year preceding termination of service on the Board. The vesting percentage shall be determined based upon the participant’s years of service on the Board, whether before or after the reorganization date.
In the event that the participant dies before collecting any or all of the benefits, the Bank shall pay the participant’s beneficiary. No benefits shall be payable to anyone other than the beneficiary, and benefits shall terminate on the death of the beneficiary.
Stock Options. Compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued, and recognized over the vesting period during which an employee provides service in exchange for the award.
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share available to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders includes the effect of all weighted-average dilutive potential common shares (stock options) outstanding during each period.
Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities, unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income, and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans.
Transfers Between Fair Value Hierarchy Levels. Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (other significant observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the period ending date.
The following paragraphs summarize the impact of new accounting pronouncements:
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in this update remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, modify/clarify the specific requirements of certain disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for certain removed and modified disclosures, and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) are recorded. This standard is effective for all organizations for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-02 and, as a result, reclassified $65,497 from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as of December 31, 2017.
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In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Subtopic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. Under the new guidance, an entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all of the following are the same immediately before and after the change: (1) the fair value of the modified award, (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award, and (3) the classification of the modified award as either an equity or liability instrument. ASU 2017-09 was effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and should be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The adoption of this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash payments. The Update provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows, with the objective of reducing the diversity in practice. The Update addresses eight specific cash flow issues. For public companies, the ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied retrospectively. There has been no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements due to the adoption of this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). The Update amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The Update affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. For public companies, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is available beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption will be applied on a modified retrospective basis, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. Management is evaluating the impact, if any, this new guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, but cannot yet reasonably estimate the impact of adoption. The Company formed a working group of key personnel responsible for the allowance for loan losses estimate and initiated its evaluation of the data and systems requirements of adoption of the Update. The group determined that purchasing third party software would be the most effective method to comply with the requirements, and evaluated several outside vendors. The group provided a recommendation to purchase Sageworks software, which was approved by the Board, and purchased in June 2018. Loan data files as of June 30, 2018 were imported into the testing environment within the Sageworks software, and sample testing was completed. Loan data files as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 were imported into the live environment, ALLL calculations were performed under the incurred loss model and results were compared to the Bank’s excel calculations. CECL model training was attended during the second quarter of fiscal 2019, with a goal to run parallel calculations shortly thereafter.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” to revise the accounting related to lease accounting. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to record a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the standard requires the use of a modified retrospective transition approach for all periods presented at the time of adoption. Management is evaluating the impact of the new guidance, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” to generally require equity investments be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily-determinable fair value, and change disclosure and presentation requirements regarding financial instruments and other comprehensive income, and clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10). The amendments in ASU 2018-03 make technical corrections to certain aspects of ASU 2016-01 on recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. ASU 2016-01 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and continues to have no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Summary and Amendments that Create Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers (Subtopic 340-40). The guidance in ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the industry topics of the codification. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to clarify two aspects of Topic 606- performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. Neither of the two updates changed the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to provide narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients to ASU 2015-14. ASU 2015-04 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and continues to have no material change to our accounting for revenue because the majority of our financial instruments are not within the scope of Topic 606.
Note 3: Securities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and approximate fair value of securities available for sale consisted of the following:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Investment and mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | (114 | ) |  | $ | 46,190 |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 50,162 |  |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | (397 | ) |  |  | 50,060 |
Other securities |  |  | 5,185 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | (157 | ) |  |  | 5,059 |
Mortgage-backed GSE residential |  |  | 98,661 |  |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | (2,241 | ) |  |  | 96,563 |
Total investments and mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 200,148 |  |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | (2,909 | ) |  | $ | 197,872 |

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Investment and mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 9,513 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (128 | ) |  | $ | 9,385 |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 41,862 |  |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | (480 | ) |  |  | 41,612 |
Other securities |  |  | 5,284 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | (193 | ) |  |  | 5,152 |
Mortgage-backed GSE residential |  |  | 92,708 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (2,533 | ) |  |  | 90,176 |
Total investments and mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 149,367 |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | (3,334 | ) |  | $ | 146,325 |

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment and mortgage-backed securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Estimated |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Within one year |  | $ | 16,524 |  |  | $ | 16,510 |
After one year but less than five years |  |  | 41,220 |  |  |  | 41,241 |
After five years but less than ten years |  |  | 25,014 |  |  |  | 24,970 |
After ten years |  |  | 18,729 |  |  |  | 18,588 |
Total investment securities |  |  | 101,487 |  |  |  | 101,309 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 98,661 |  |  |  | 96,563 |
Total investments and mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 200,148 |  |  | $ | 197,872 |

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The carrying value of investment and mortgage-backed securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $146.7 million at December 31, 2018 and $124.2 million at June 30, 2018. The securities pledged consist of marketable securities, including $19.7 million and $8.4 million of U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations, $41.2 million and $39.8 million of Mortgage-Backed Securities, $49.9 million and $41.5 million of Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, $35.7 million and $34.2 million of State and Political Subdivisions Obligations, and $200,000 and $300,000 of Other Securities at December 31 and June 30, 2018, respectively.
Gains of $51,452 were recognized from sales of available-for-sale securities in each of the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2017. Losses of $14,345 were recognized from sales of available-for-sale securities in each of the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2017. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities in the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018.
The following tables show our investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31 and June 30, 2018:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Less than 12 months |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 3,843 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 7,381 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 11,224 |  |  | $ | 114 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 4,516 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 19,194 |  |  |  | 370 |  |  |  | 23,710 |  |  |  | 397 |
Other securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 157 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 23,207 |  |  |  | 321 |  |  |  | 58,839 |  |  |  | 1,920 |  |  |  | 82,046 |  |  |  | 2,241 |
Total investments and mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 31,566 |  |  | $ | 365 |  |  | $ | 86,447 |  |  | $ | 2,544 |  |  | $ | 118,013 |  |  | $ | 2,909 |

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  | Less than 12 months |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 5,957 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 3,427 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 9,384 |  |  | $ | 128 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 14,861 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 8,526 |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 23,387 |  |  |  | 480 |
Other securities |  |  | 982 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 1,109 |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 2,091 |  |  |  | 193 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 65,863 |  |  |  | 1,513 |  |  |  | 24,187 |  |  |  | 1,020 |  |  |  | 90,050 |  |  |  | 2,533 |
Total investments and mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 87,663 |  |  | $ | 1,805 |  |  | $ | 37,249 |  |  | $ | 1,529 |  |  | $ | 124,912 |  |  | $ | 3,334 |

Other securities. At December 31, 2018, there were two pooled trust preferred securities with an estimated fair value of $820,000 and unrealized losses of $152,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. These unrealized losses were primarily due to the long-term nature of the pooled trust preferred securities and a reduced demand for these securities, and concerns regarding the financial institutions that issued the underlying trust preferred securities. Rules adopted by the federal banking agencies in December 2013 to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Volcker Rule”) generally prohibit banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading and from investing in, sponsoring, or having certain relationships with a hedge fund or private equity fund. The pooled trust preferred securities owned by the Company were included in a January 2014 listing of securities which the agencies considered to be grandfathered with regard to these prohibitions; as such, banking entities are permitted to retain their interest in these securities, provided the interest was acquired on or before December 10, 2013, unless acquired pursuant to a merger or acquisition.
The December 31, 2018, cash flow analysis for these two securities indicated it is probable the Company will receive all contracted principal and related interest projected. The cash flow analysis used in making this determination was based on anticipated default, recovery, and prepayment rates, and the resulting cash flows were discounted based on the yield spread anticipated at the time the securities were purchased. Other inputs include the actual collateral attributes, which include credit ratings and other performance indicators of the underlying financial institutions, including profitability, capital ratios, and asset quality. Assumptions for these two securities included prepayments averaging 1.4 percent, annually, annual defaults averaging 69 basis points, and a recovery rate averaging 7.0 percent of gross defaults, lagged two years.
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One of these two securities has continued to receive cash interest payments in full since our purchase; the other security received principal-in-kind (PIK), in lieu of cash interest, for a period of time following the recession and financial crisis which began in 2008, but resumed cash interest payments during fiscal 2014. Our cash flow analysis indicates that cash interest payments are expected to continue for the securities. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2018.
The Company does not believe any other individual unrealized loss as of December 31, 2018, represents OTTI. However, the Company could be required to recognize OTTI losses in future periods with respect to its available for sale investment securities portfolio. The amount and timing of any required OTTI will depend on the decline in the underlying cash flows of the securities. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified.
Credit losses recognized on investments. During fiscal 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820, formerly FASB Staff Position 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly.” The following table provides information about the trust preferred security for which only a credit loss was recognized in income and other losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The trust preferred security with a credit loss at December 31, 2017 was sold later in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.

|  | Accumulated Credit Losses |
|  | Six-Month Period Ended |
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Credit losses on debt securities held |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 340 |
Additions related to OTTI losses not previously recognized |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Reductions due to sales |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Reductions due to change in intent or likelihood of sale |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Additions related to increases in previously-recognized OTTI losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Reductions due to increases in expected cash flows |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6 | )
End of period |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 334 |

Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Classes of loans are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Real Estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 480,227 |  |  | $ | 450,919 |
Construction |  |  | 116,576 |  |  |  | 112,718 |
Commercial |  |  | 837,917 |  |  |  | 704,647 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 86,920 |  |  |  | 78,571 |
Commercial loans |  |  | 345,803 |  |  |  | 281,272 |
|  |  | 1,867,443 |  |  |  | 1,628,127 |
Loans in process |  |  | (46,940 | ) |  |  | (46,533 | )
Deferred loan fees, net |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | - |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (19,023 | ) |  |  | (18,214 | )
Total loans |  | $ | 1,801,477 |  |  | $ | 1,563,380 |

The Company’s lending activities consist of origination of loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family residences and commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans and consumer loans. The Company has also occasionally purchased loan participation interests originated by other lenders and secured by properties generally located in the states of Missouri and Arkansas.
15

Residential Mortgage Lending. The Company actively originates loans for the acquisition or refinance of one- to four-family residences. This category includes both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans amortizing over periods of up to 30 years, and the properties securing such loans may be owner-occupied or non-owner-occupied. Single-family residential loans do not generally exceed 90% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. Substantially all of the one- to four-family residential mortgage originations in the Company’s portfolio are located within the Company’s primary lending area.
The Company also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary lending area but made to borrowers who operate within the primary market area. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Bank are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities typically up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Company to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in the loan agreement. Generally, multi-family residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property.
Commercial Real Estate Lending. The Company actively originates loans secured by commercial real estate including land (improved, unimproved, and farmland), strip shopping centers, retail establishments and other businesses. These properties are typically owned and operated by borrowers headquartered within the Company’s primary lending area, however, the property may be located outside our primary lending area.
Most commercial real estate loans originated by the Company generally are based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, the interest rate received on these loans is fixed for a maturity for up to seven years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually after an initial period up to seven years. The Company typically includes an interest rate “floor” in the loan agreement. Generally, improved commercial real estate loan amounts do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio.
Construction Lending. The Company originates real estate loans secured by property or land that is under construction or development. Construction loans originated by the Company are generally secured by mortgage loans for the construction of owner occupied residential real estate or to finance speculative construction secured by residential real estate, land development, or owner-operated or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. During construction, these loans typically require monthly interest-only payments and have maturities ranging from six to twelve months. Once construction is completed, loans may be converted to permanent status with monthly payments using amortization schedules of up to 30 years on residential and generally up to 25 years on commercial real estate.
While the Company typically utilizes maturity periods ranging from 6 to 12 months to closely monitor the inherent risks associated with construction loans for these loans, weather conditions, change orders, availability of materials and/or labor, and other factors may contribute to the lengthening of a project, thus necessitating the need to renew the construction loan at the balloon maturity. Such extensions are typically executed in incremental three month periods to facilitate project completion. The Company’s average term of construction loans is approximately eight months. During construction, loans typically require monthly interest only payments which may allow the Company an opportunity to monitor for early signs of financial difficulty should the borrower fail to make a required monthly payment. Additionally, during the construction phase, the Company typically obtains interim inspections completed by an independent third party. This monitoring further allows the Company opportunity to assess risk. At December 31, 2018, construction loans outstanding included 58 loans, totaling $13.3 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. At June 30, 2018, construction loans outstanding included 72 loans, totaling $12.5 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. All modifications were solely for the purpose of extending the maturity date due to conditions described above. None of these modifications were executed due to financial difficulty on the part of the borrower and, therefore, were not accounted for as TDRs.
Consumer Lending. The Company offers a variety of secured consumer loans, including home equity, direct and indirect automobile loans, second mortgages, mobile home loans and loans secured by deposits. The Company originates substantially all of its consumer loans in its primary lending area. Usually, consumer loans are originated with fixed rates for terms of up to five years, with the exception of home equity lines of credit, which are variable, tied to the prime rate of interest and are for a period of ten years.
16

Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust and are issued up to 100% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage and are typically issued for a term of ten years. Interest rates on HELOCs are generally adjustable. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity.
Automobile loans originated by the Company include both direct loans and a smaller amount of loans originated by auto dealers. The Company generally pays a negotiated fee back to the dealer for indirect loans. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 60 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle.
Commercial Business Lending. The Company’s commercial business lending activities encompass loans with a variety of purposes and security, including loans to finance accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and operating lines of credit, including agricultural production and equipment loans. The Company offers both fixed and adjustable rate commercial business loans. Generally, commercial loans secured by fixed assets are amortized over periods up to five years, while commercial operating lines of credit or agricultural production lines are generally for a one year period.
The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on portfolio segment and impairment methods as of December 31 and June 30, 2018, and activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 3,226 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 8,793 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 4,196 |  |  | $ | 18,214 |
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 415 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 319 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 995 |
Losses charged off |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (196 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 10 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,633 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  | $ | 8,995 |  |  | $ | 967 |  |  | $ | 4,237 |  |  | $ | 19,023 |
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 3,633 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  | $ | 8,995 |  |  | $ | 967 |  |  | $ | 4,237 |  |  | $ | 19,023 |
Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 478,389 |  |  | $ | 68,344 |  |  | $ | 818,394 |  |  | $ | 86,920 |  |  | $ | 339,895 |  |  | $ | 1,791,942 |
Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 1,292 |  |  | $ | 19,523 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 5,908 |  |  | $ | 28,561 |

|  | For the three months ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 3,349 |  |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | 8,733 |  |  | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 4,434 |  |  | $ | 18,790 |
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | 314 |
Losses charged off |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (84 | )
Recoveries |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,633 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  | $ | 8,995 |  |  | $ | 967 |  |  | $ | 4,237 |  |  | $ | 19,023 |

17

|  | At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 3,230 |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 7,068 |  |  | $ | 757 |  |  | $ | 3,519 |  |  | $ | 15,538 |
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | 1,271 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 1,511 |
Losses charged off |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (193 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 11 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,286 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 8,303 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 3,564 |  |  | $ | 16,867 |
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 3,286 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 8,303 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 3,564 |  |  | $ | 16,867 |
Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |

|  | For the three months ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 3,300 |  |  | $ | 965 |  |  | $ | 7,649 |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 3,628 |  |  | $ | 16,357 |
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | (79 | ) |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | (49 | ) |  |  | 642 |
Losses charged off |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (140 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 8 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,286 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 8,303 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 3,564 |  |  | $ | 16,867 |

|  | At June 30, 2018 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,226 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 8,793 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 4,196 |  |  | $ | 18,214 |
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 351 |  |  | $ | 750 |
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 3,226 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 8,394 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 3,845 |  |  | $ | 17,464 |
Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 660 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 580 |  |  | $ | 1,240 |
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 447,706 |  |  | $ | 64,888 |  |  | $ | 696,377 |  |  | $ | 78,571 |  |  | $ | 278,241 |  |  | $ | 1,565,783 |
Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | 3,213 |  |  | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 7,610 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,451 |  |  | $ | 14,571 |

Management’s opinion as to the ultimate collectability of loans is subject to estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers.
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level that, in management’s judgment, is adequate to cover probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when an amount is determined to be uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flow (for non-collateral-dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.
18

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.
Under the Company’s methodology, loans are first segmented into 1) those comprising large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, including single-family mortgages and installment loans, which are collectively evaluated for impairment, and 2) all other loans which are individually evaluated. Those loans in the second category are further segmented utilizing a defined grading system which involves categorizing loans by severity of risk based on conditions that may affect the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt, such as current financial information, collateral valuations, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current trends. The loans subject to credit classification represent the portion of the portfolio subject to the greatest credit risk and where adjustments to the allowance for losses on loans as a result of provision and charge offs are most likely to have a significant impact on operations.
A periodic review of selected credits (based on loan size and type) is conducted to identify loans with heightened risk or probable losses and to assign risk grades. The primary responsibility for this review rests with loan administration personnel. This review is supplemented with periodic examinations of both selected credits and the credit review process by the Company’s internal audit function and applicable regulatory agencies. The information from these reviews assists management in the timely identification of problems and potential problems and provides a basis for deciding whether the credit represents a probable loss or risk that should be recognized.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the scheduled payments of principal or interest will not be able to be collected when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and agricultural loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
Groups of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated for impairment based on the group’s historical loss experience adjusted for changes in trends, conditions and other relevant factors that affect repayment of the loans. Accordingly, individual consumer and residential loans are not separately identified for impairment measurements, unless such loans are the subject of a restructuring agreement due to financial difficulties of the borrower.
The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on quantitative and qualitative factors. The loan portfolio is stratified into homogeneous groups of loans that possess similar loss characteristics and an appropriate loss ratio adjusted for qualitative factors is applied to the homogeneous pools of loans to estimate the incurred losses in the loan portfolio.
Included in the Company’s loan portfolio are certain loans accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. These loans were written down at acquisition to an amount estimated to be collectible. As a result, certain ratios regarding the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality cannot be used to compare the Company to peer companies or to compare the Company’s current credit quality to prior periods. The ratios particularly affected by accounting under ASC 310-30 include the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans, nonaccrual loans, and nonperforming assets, and nonaccrual loans and nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans.
19

The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and payment activity as of December 31 and June 30, 2018. These tables include purchased credit impaired loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |
Pass |  | $ | 473,542 |  |  | $ | 69,458 |  |  | $ | 792,781 |  |  | $ | 86,657 |  |  | $ | 335,764 |
Watch |  |  | 715 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 28,344 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 4,012 |
Special Mention |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | - |
Substandard |  |  | 5,970 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 16,719 |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 5,425 |
Doubtful |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 602 |
Total |  | $ | 480,227 |  |  | $ | 69,636 |  |  | $ | 837,917 |  |  | $ | 86,920 |  |  | $ | 345,803 |

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  | Residential |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Commercial |
Pass |  | $ | 443,916 |  |  | $ | 66,160 |  |  | $ | 691,188 |  |  | $ | 78,377 |  |  | $ | 277,568 |
Watch |  |  | 1,566 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,004 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 374 |
Special Mention |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 926 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 69 |
Substandard |  |  | 5,362 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 4,869 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 2,079 |
Doubtful |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,182 |
Total |  | $ | 450,919 |  |  | $ | 66,185 |  |  | $ | 704,647 |  |  | $ | 78,571 |  |  | $ | 281,272 |

The above amounts include purchased credit impaired loans. At December 31, 2018, purchased credited impaired loans comprised $7.1 million of credits rated “Pass”; $10.3 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $11.2 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”. At June 30, 2018, purchased credit impaired loans accounted for $7.8 million of credits rated “Pass”; $3.1 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $3.7 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”.
Credit Quality Indicators. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on all loans at origination, and is updated on a quarterly basis for loans risk rated Special Mention, Substandard, or Doubtful. In addition, lending relationships of $1 million or more, exclusive of any consumer or owner-occupied residential loan, are subject to an annual credit analysis which is prepared by the loan administration department and presented to a loan committee with appropriate lending authority. A sample of lending relationships in excess of $2.5 million are subject to an independent loan review annually, in order to verify risk ratings. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Watch – Loans classified as watch exhibit weaknesses that require more than usual monitoring. Issues may include deteriorating financial condition, payments made after due date but within 30 days, adverse industry conditions or management problems.
Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention exhibit signs of further deterioration but still generally make payments within 30 days. This is a transitional rating and loans should typically not be rated Special Mention for more than 12 months
Substandard – Loans classified as substandard possess weaknesses that jeopardize the ultimate collection of the principal and interest outstanding. These loans exhibit continued financial losses, ongoing delinquency, overall poor financial condition, and insufficient collateral. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses of substandard loans, and have deteriorated to the level that there is a high probability of substantial loss.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans.
20

The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) as of December 31 and June 30, 2018. These tables include purchased credit impaired loans, which are reported according to aging analysis after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Greater Than |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Greater Than 90 |
|  | 30-59 Days |  |  | 60-89 Days |  |  | 90 Days |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | Total Loans |  |  | Days Past Due |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Receivable |  |  | and Accruing |
Real Estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 1,140 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | 3,732 |  |  | $ | 6,427 |  |  | $ | 473,800 |  |  | $ | 480,227 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 69,636 |  |  |  | 69,636 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 2,382 |  |  |  | 1,616 |  |  |  | 6,163 |  |  |  | 10,161 |  |  |  | 827,756 |  |  |  | 837,917 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | 571 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 895 |  |  |  | 86,025 |  |  |  | 86,920 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 1,237 |  |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 2,222 |  |  |  | 3,564 |  |  |  | 342,239 |  |  |  | 345,803 |  |  |  | - |
Total loans |  | $ | 5,330 |  |  | $ | 3,322 |  |  | $ | 12,395 |  |  | $ | 21,047 |  |  | $ | 1,799,456 |  |  | $ | 1,820,503 |  |  | $ | - |

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Greater Than |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Greater Than 90 |
|  | 30-59 Days |  |  | 60-89 Days |  |  | 90 Days |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | Total Loans |  |  | Days Past Due |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Receivable |  |  | and Accruing |
Real Estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 749 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 4,089 |  |  | $ | 4,922 |  |  | $ | 445,997 |  |  | $ | 450,919 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 66,185 |  |  |  | 66,185 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 2,874 |  |  |  | 701,773 |  |  |  | 704,647 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 689 |  |  |  | 77,882 |  |  |  | 78,571 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 707 |  |  |  | 931 |  |  |  | 280,341 |  |  |  | 281,272 |  |  |  | - |
Total loans |  | $ | 2,493 |  |  | $ | 497 |  |  | $ | 6,426 |  |  | $ | 9,416 |  |  | $ | 1,572,178 |  |  | $ | 1,581,594 |  |  | $ | - |

At December 31, 2018 there was one purchased credit impaired loan with a net fair value of $3.1 million that was greater than 90 days past due. At June 30, 2018 there were two purchased credit impaired loans with net fair value of $1.1 million that were greater than 90 days past due.
A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans, as well as performing loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection.
The tables below present impaired loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) as of December 31 and June 30, 2018. These tables include purchased credit impaired loans. Purchased credit impaired loans are those for which it was deemed probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determines it is probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received will exceed the amount previously expected, the Company will recalculate the amount of accretable yield in order to recognize the improved cash flow expectation as additional interest income over the remaining life of the loan. These loans, however, will continue to be reported as impaired loans. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determines it is probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received will be less than the amount previously expected, the Company will allocate a specific allowance under the terms of ASC 310-10-35.
21

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Unpaid Principal |  |  | Specific |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |
Loans without a specific valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,427 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | 1,316 |  |  |  | 1,467 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 27,853 |  |  |  | 33,365 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 7,076 |  |  |  | 9,274 |  |  |  | - |
Loans with a specific valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,427 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  | $ | 1,316 |  |  | $ | 1,467 |  |  | $ | - |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 27,853 |  |  | $ | 33,365 |  |  | $ | - |
Consumer loans |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | - |
Commercial loans |  | $ | 7,076 |  |  | $ | 9,274 |  |  | $ | - |

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Unpaid Principal |  |  | Specific |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |
Loans without a specific valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 3,820 |  |  | $ | 4,468 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | 1,569 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 14,052 |  |  |  | 15,351 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 2,787 |  |  |  | 3,409 |  |  |  | - |
Loans with a specific valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 399 |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | 351 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 3,820 |  |  | $ | 4,468 |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  | $ | 1,321 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | - |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 14,712 |  |  | $ | 16,011 |  |  | $ | 399 |
Consumer loans |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | - |
Commercial loans |  | $ | 3,367 |  |  | $ | 3,989 |  |  | $ | 351 |

The above amounts include purchased credit impaired loans. At December 31, 2018, purchased credit impaired loans comprised $28.6 million of impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance. At June 30, 2018, purchased credit impaired loans comprised $14.6 million of impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance.
22

The following tables present information regarding interest income recognized on impaired loans:

|  | For the three-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment in |  |  | Interest Income |
|  | Impaired Loans |  |  | Recognized |
Residential Real Estate |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Construction Real Estate |  |  | 1,295 |  |  |  | 41 |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  | 13,186 |  |  |  | 429 |
Consumer Loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial Loans |  |  | 3,356 |  |  |  | 102 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 19,681 |  |  | $ | 600 |

|  | For the three-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment in |  |  | Interest Income |
|  | Impaired Loans |  |  | Recognized |
Residential Real Estate |  | $ | 3,443 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Construction Real Estate |  |  | 1,326 |  |  |  | 40 |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  | 10,249 |  |  |  | 305 |
Consumer Loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial Loans |  |  | 3,514 |  |  |  | 51 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 18,532 |  |  | $ | 456 |

|  | For the six-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment in |  |  | Interest Income |
|  | Impaired Loans |  |  | Recognized |
Residential Real Estate |  | $ | 2,300 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Construction Real Estate |  |  | 1,295 |  |  |  | 142 |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  | 11,327 |  |  |  | 799 |
Consumer Loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial Loans |  |  | 3,054 |  |  |  | 718 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 17,976 |  |  | $ | 1,720 |

|  | For the six-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment in |  |  | Interest Income |
|  | Impaired Loans |  |  | Recognized |
Residential Real Estate |  | $ | 3,456 |  |  | $ | 127 |
Construction Real Estate |  |  | 1,329 |  |  |  | 79 |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  | 10,664 |  |  |  | 551 |
Consumer Loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial Loans |  |  | 3,614 |  |  |  | 109 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 19,063 |  |  | $ | 866 |

Interest income on impaired loans recognized on a cash basis in the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, was immaterial.
For the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018, the amount of interest income recorded for impaired loans that represented a change in the present value of cash flows attributable to the passage of time was approximately $144,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, as compared to $183,000 and $261,000, respectively, for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2017.
23

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans at December 31 and June 30, 2018. Purchased credit impaired loans are placed on nonaccrual status in the event the Company cannot reasonably estimate cash flows expected to be collected. The table excludes performing troubled debt restructurings.

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 5,836 |  |  | $ | 5,913 |
Construction real estate |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 25 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,560 |  |  |  | 1,962 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 209 |
Commercial loans |  |  | 3,680 |  |  |  | 1,063 |
Total loans |  | $ | 20,453 |  |  | $ | 9,172 |

The above amounts include purchased credit impaired loans. At December 31 and June 30, 2018, purchased credit impaired loans comprised $4.2 million and $1.1 million of nonaccrual loans, respectively.
Included in certain loan categories in the impaired loans are troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities, and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and typically are returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period of at least six months.
When loans and leases are modified into a TDR, the Company evaluates any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, and uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral dependent loans. If the Company determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company evaluates all TDRs, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognizes impairment through the allowance.
During the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, certain loans modified were classified as TDRs. They are shown, segregated by class, in the table below:

|  | For the three-month periods ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |
(dollars in thousands) |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |  |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,689 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |

|  | For the six-month periods ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |
(dollars in thousands) |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |  |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Construction real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 2,264 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | 10 |  |  | $ | 3,060 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |

24

Performing loans classified as TDRs and outstanding at December 31 and June 30, 2018, segregated by class, are shown in the table below. Nonperforming TDRs are shown as nonaccrual loans.

|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
|  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |
(dollars in thousands) |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |  |  | modifications |  |  | Investment |
Residential real estate |  |  | 11 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 800 |
Construction real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 9,925 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 8,084 |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 14 |
Commercial loans |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 1,950 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 2,787 |
Total |  |  | 41 |  |  | $ | 13,148 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  | $ | 11,685 |

We may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure or in-substance repossession. As of December 31 and June 30, 2018, the carrying value of foreclosed residential real estate properties as a result of obtaining physical possession was $646,000 and $472,000, respectively. In addition, as of December 31 and June 30, 2018, we had residential mortgage loans and home equity loans with a carrying value of $895,000 and $331,000, respectively, collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.
Note 5: Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired in a Transfer
The Company acquired loans in transfers during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019. At acquisition, certain transferred loans evidenced deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected.
Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered to be credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include information such as past-due and nonaccrual status, borrower credit scores and recent loan to value percentages. Purchased credit-impaired loans are accounted for under the accounting guidance for loans and debt securities acquired with deteriorated credit quality (ASC 310-30) and initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over and recorded at the acquisition date. Management estimated the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition using our internal risk models, which incorporate the estimate of current key assumptions, such as default rates, severity and prepayment speeds.
The carrying amount of those loans is included in the balance sheet amounts of loans receivable at December 31 and June 30, 2018. The amount of these loans is shown below:

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,075 |  |  | $ | 3,861 |
Construction real estate |  |  | 1,443 |  |  |  | 1,544 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 25,035 |  |  |  | 8,909 |
Consumer loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial loans |  |  | 8,106 |  |  |  | 3,073 |
Outstanding balance |  | $ | 36,659 |  |  | $ | 17,387 |
Carrying amount, net of fair value adjustment of $8,089 and $2,816 at December 31, 2018, and June 30, 2018, respectively |  | $ | 28,561 |  |  | $ | 14,571 |

25

Accretable yield, or income expected to be collected, is as follows:

|  | For the three-month period ended |
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 620 |
Additions |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | - |
Accretion |  |  | (144 | ) |  |  | (183 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 170 |
Disposals |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 607 |

|  | For the six-month period ended |
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Additions |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | - |
Accretion |  |  | (1,089 | ) |  |  | (261 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference |  |  | 973 |  |  |  | 259 |
Disposals |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | - |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 607 |

During the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not increase or reverse the allowance for loan losses related to these purchased credit impaired loans.
Note 6: Deposits
Deposits are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Non-interest bearing accounts |  | $ | 239,955 |  |  | $ | 203,517 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 592,066 |  |  |  | 569,005 |
Money market deposit accounts |  |  | 163,425 |  |  |  | 116,389 |
Savings accounts |  |  | 162,773 |  |  |  | 157,540 |
Certificates |  |  | 637,787 |  |  |  | 533,451 |
Total Deposit Accounts |  | $ | 1,796,006 |  |  | $ | 1,579,902 |

Note 7: Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
(dollars in thousands except per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 7,454 |  |  | $ | 5,170 |  |  | $ | 14,254 |  |  | $ | 10,033 |
Average Common shares – outstanding basic |  |  | 9,136,873 |  |  |  | 8,589,073 |  |  |  | 9,066,597 |  |  |  | 8,590,218 |
Stock options under treasury stock method |  |  | 11,860 |  |  |  | 29,883 |  |  |  | 12,342 |  |  |  | 28,778 |
Average Common shares – outstanding diluted |  |  | 9,148,733 |  |  |  | 8,618,956 |  |  |  | 9,078,939 |  |  |  | 8,618,996 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.57 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.57 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |

At December 31, 2018, 13,500 options outstanding had an exercise price in excess of the market price. At December 31, 2017, no options outstanding had an exercise price in excess of the market price.
26

Note 8: Income Taxes
The Company and its subsidiary file income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and various states. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state examinations by tax authorities for tax years ending June 30, 2014 and before. The Company recognized no interest or penalties related to income taxes.
The Company’s income tax provision is comprised of the following components:

|  | For the three-month period ended |  |  | For the six-month periods ended |
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 3,368 |  |  | $ | 2,484 |  |  | $ | 5,029 |  |  | $ | 4,366 |
Deferred |  |  | (1,566 | ) |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | (1,560 | ) |  |  | 69 |
Total income tax provision |  | $ | 1,802 |  |  | $ | 2,546 |  |  | $ | 3,469 |  |  | $ | 4,435 |

The components of net deferred tax assets are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses on loans |  | $ | 4,435 |  |  | $ | 4,418 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | 602 |  |  |  | 708 |
NOL carry forwards acquired |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 273 |
Minimum Tax Credit |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 130 |
Unrealized loss on other real estate |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 124 |
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | 730 |
Purchase accounting adjustments |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | (949 | )
Losses and credits from LLC's |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | 1,003 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 7,462 |  |  |  | 6,437 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  | 1,475 |
FHLB stock dividends |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 130 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 98 |
Other |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 327 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 1,724 |  |  |  | 2,030 |
Net deferred tax asset |  | $ | 5,738 |  |  | $ | 4,407 |

As of December 31, 2018 the Company had approximately $1.1 million and $2.5 million in federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, respectively, which were acquired in the July 2009 acquisition of Southern Bank of Commerce, the February 2014 acquisition of Citizens State Bankshares of Bald Knob, Inc., the August 2014 acquisition of Peoples Service Company, and the June 2017 acquisition of Tammcorp, Inc. (Capaha Bank). The amount reported is net of the IRC Sec. 382 limitation, or state equivalent, related to utilization of net operating loss carryforwards of acquired corporations. Unless otherwise utilized, the net operating losses will begin to expire in 2027.
A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax is shown below:

|  | For the three-month periods ended |  |  | For the six-month periods ended |
(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Tax at statutory rate |  | $ | 1,944 |  |  | $ | 2,168 |  |  | $ | 3,722 |  |  | $ | 4,066 |
Increase (reduction) in taxes resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nontaxable municipal income |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (114 | ) |  |  | (149 | ) |  |  | (225 | )
State tax, net of Federal benefit |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 243 |
Cash surrender value of Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (66 | ) |  |  | (176 | ) |  |  | (131 | )
Tax credit benefits |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (449 | )
Adjustment of deferred tax asset for enacted changes in tax laws |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,124 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,124 |
Other, net |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | (478 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (193 | )
Actual provision |  | $ | 1,802 |  |  | $ | 2,546 |  |  | $ | 3,469 |  |  | $ | 4,435 |

27

For the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018, income tax expense at the statutory rate was calculated using a 21% annual effective tax rate (AETR), compared to 28.1% for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2017, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") signed into law December 22, 2017. The Tax Act ultimately reduced the corporate Federal income tax rate for the Company from 35% to 21%, and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, the Company was administratively subject to a 28.1% AETR. U. S. GAAP requires that the impact of the provisions of the Tax Act be accounted for in the period of enactment and the income tax effects of the Tax Act were recognized in the Company’s financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, and for the twelve months ended June 30, 2018. The Tax Act is complex and requires significant detailed analysis. During the preparation of the Company's June 30, 2018 income tax returns, additional adjustments related to enactment of the Tax Act may be identified. We do not currently expect significant adjustments will be necessary, but any further adjustments identified will be recognized in accordance with guidance contained in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 from the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Tax credit benefits are recognized under the flow-through method of accounting for investments in tax credits.
Note 9: 401(k) Retirement Plan
The Bank has a 401(k) retirement plan that covers substantially all eligible employees. The Bank made a safe harbor matching contribution to the Plan of up to 4% of eligible compensation, depending upon the percentage of eligible pay deferred into the plan by the employee, and also made additional, discretionary profit-sharing contributions for fiscal 2018; for fiscal 2019, the Company has maintained the safe harbor matching contribution of up to 4%, and expects to continue to make additional, discretionary profit-sharing contributions. During the three- and six month periods ended December 31, 2018, retirement plan expenses recognized for the Plan totaled approximately $293,000 and $634,000, respectively, as compared to $273,000 and $552,000, respectively, for the same period of the prior fiscal year. Employee deferrals and safe harbor contributions are fully vested. Profit-sharing or other contributions vest over a period of five years.
Note 10: Subordinated Debt
Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I issued $7.0 million of Floating Rate Capital Securities (the “Trust Preferred Securities”) with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share in March 2004. The securities are due in 30 years, redeemable after five years and bear interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR. At December 31, 2018, the current rate was 5.54%. The securities represent undivided beneficial interests in the trust, which was established by the Company for the purpose of issuing the securities. The Trust Preferred Securities were sold in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) and have not been registered under the Act. The securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.
Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I used the proceeds from the sale of the Trust Preferred Securities to purchase Junior Subordinated Debentures of the Company. The Company used its net proceeds for working capital and investment in its subsidiaries.
In connection with its October 2013 acquisition of Ozarks Legacy Community Financial, Inc. (OLCF), the Company assumed $3.1 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in June 2005 by OLCF in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. The carrying value of the debt securities was approximately $2.6 million at December 31 and June 30, 2018.
In connection with its August 2014 acquisition of Peoples Service Company, Inc. (PSC), the Company assumed $6.5 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in 2005 by PSC’s subsidiary bank holding company, Peoples Banking Company, in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. The carrying value of the debt securities was approximately $5.2 million at December 31 and June 30, 2018.
28

Note 11: Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in active markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3 Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
Recurring Measurements. The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018, Using: |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
U.S. government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 46,190 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 46,190 |  |  | $ | - |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 50,060 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 50,060 |  |  |  | - |
Other securities |  |  | 5,059 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,059 |  |  |  | - |
Mortgage-backed GSE residential |  |  | 96,563 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 96,563 |  |  |  | - |

|  | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018, Using: |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
U.S. government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) |  | $ | 9,385 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,385 |  |  | $ | - |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 41,612 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 41,612 |  |  |  | - |
Other securities |  |  | 5,152 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,152 |  |  |  | - |
Mortgage-backed GSE residential |  |  | 90,176 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 90,176 |  |  |  | - |

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Available-for-sale Securities. When quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1. The Company does not have Level 1 securities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. For these securities, our Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. Level 2 securities include U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, state and political subdivisions, other securities, mortgage-backed GSE residential securities and mortgage-backed other U.S. Government agencies. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.
29

Nonrecurring Measurements. The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fell at December 31 and June 30, 2018:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018, Using: |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Active Markets for |  |  | Significant Other |  |  | Significant |
|  |  |  |  | Identical Assets |  |  | Observable Inputs |  |  | Unobservable Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale |  | $ | 3,948 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 3,948 |

|  | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2018, Using: |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Active Markets for |  |  | Significant Other |  |  | Significant |
|  |  |  |  | Identical Assets |  |  | Observable Inputs |  |  | Unobservable Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 490 |
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale |  |  | 3,924 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,924 |

The following table presents gains and (losses) recognized on assets measured on a non-recurring basis for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

| For the six months ended |
(dollars in thousands) | December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale |  | $ | (222 | ) |  | $ | (56 | )
Total (losses) gains on assets measured on a non-recurring basis |  | $ | (222 | ) |  | $ | (56 | )

The following is a description of valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. For assets classified within Level 3 of fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value process is described below.
Impaired Loans (Collateral Dependent). A collateral dependent loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that all of the principal and interest due may not be collected according to its contractual terms. Generally, when a collateral dependent loan is considered impaired, the amount of reserve required is measured based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Company makes such measurements on all material collateral dependent loans deemed impaired using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans. The fair value of collateral used by the Company is determined by obtaining an observable market price or by obtaining an appraised value from an independent, licensed or certified appraiser, using observable market data. This data includes information such as selling price of similar properties and capitalization rates of similar properties sold within the market, expected future cash flows or earnings of the subject property based on current market expectations, and other relevant factors. In addition, management applies selling and other discounts to the underlying collateral value to determine the fair value. If an appraised value is not available, the fair value of the collateral dependent impaired loan is determined by an adjusted appraised value including unobservable cash flows.
On a quarterly basis, loans classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss are evaluated including the loan officer’s review of the collateral and its current condition, the Company’s knowledge of the current economic environment in the market where the collateral is located, and the Company’s recent experience with real estate in the area. The date of the appraisal is also considered in conjunction with the economic environment and any decline in the real estate market since the appraisal was obtained. For all loan types, updated appraisals are obtained if considered necessary. In instances where the economic environment has worsened and/or the real estate market declined since the last appraisal, a higher distressed sale discount would be applied to the appraised value.
The Company records collateral dependent impaired loans based on nonrecurring Level 3 inputs. If a collateral dependent loan’s fair value, as estimated by the Company, is less than its carrying value, the Company either records a charge-off of the portion of the loan that exceeds the fair value or establishes a specific reserve as part of the allowance for loan losses. There were no loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2018 or June 30, 2018.
30

Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets Held for Sale. Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale are valued at the time the loan is foreclosed upon or collateral is repossessed and the asset is transferred to foreclosed or repossessed assets held for sale. The value of the asset is based on third party or internal appraisals, less estimated costs to sell and appropriate discounts, if any. The appraisals are generally discounted based on current and expected market conditions that may impact the sale or value of the asset and management’s knowledge and experience with similar assets. Such discounts typically may be significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value of these assets. Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale are continually evaluated for additional impairment and are adjusted accordingly if impairment is identified.
Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs. The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements.

(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair value at December 31 , 2018 |  | Valuation technique |  | Unobservable inputs |  | Range of inputs applied |  |  | Weighted-average inputs applied |
Nonrecurring Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreclosed and repossessed assets |  | $ | 3,948 |  | Third party appraisal |  | Marketability discount |  |  | 0.0% - 60.3 | % |  |  | 32.8 | %

(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair value at June 30, 2018 |  | Valuation technique |  | Unobservable inputs |  | Range of inputs applied |  |  | Weighted-average inputs applied |
Nonrecurring Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) |  | $ | 490 |  | Internal Valuation |  | Discount to reflect realizable value |  |  | n/a |  |  |  |
Foreclosed and repossessed assets |  | $ | 3,924 |  | Third party appraisal |  | Marketability discount |  |  | 0.0% - 65.9 | % |  |  | 32.3 | %

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The following table presents estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not reported at fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fell at December 31 and June 30, 2018.

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | in Active |  |  | Other |  |  | Significant |
|  |  |  |  | Markets for |  |  | Observable |  |  | Unobservable |
|  | Carrying |  |  | Identical Assets |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 38,384 |  |  | $ | 38,384 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Interest-bearing time deposits |  |  | 1,711 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,711 |  |  |  | - |
Stock in FHLB |  |  | 9,339 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,339 |  |  |  | - |
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | - |
Loans receivable, net |  |  | 1,801,477 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,780,098 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 10,801 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,801 |  |  |  | - |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 1,796,006 |  |  |  | 1,158,166 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 633,830 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 4,425 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,425 |  |  |  | - |
Advances from FHLB |  |  | 155,765 |  |  |  | 129,400 |  |  |  | 26,490 |  |  |  | - |
Note Payable |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 1,668 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,668 |  |  |  | - |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 14,994 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,851 |
Unrecognized financial instruments (net of contract amount) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to originate loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Letters of credit |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Lines of credit |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |

31

|  | June 30, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | in Active |  |  | Other |  |  | Significant |
|  |  |  |  | Markets for |  |  | Observable |  |  | Unobservable |
|  | Carrying |  |  | Identical Assets |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Inputs |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 26,326 |  |  | $ | 26,326 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Interest-bearing time deposits |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  | - |
Stock in FHLB |  |  | 5,661 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,661 |  |  |  | - |
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | - |
Loans receivable, net |  |  | 1,563,380 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,556,466 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 7,992 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,992 |  |  |  | - |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 1,579,902 |  |  |  | 1,046,491 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 529,297 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 3,267 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,267 |  |  |  | - |
Advances from FHLB |  |  | 76,652 |  |  |  | 66,550 |  |  |  | 10,110 |  |  |  | - |
Note Payable |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | - |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 14,945 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,382 |
Unrecognized financial instruments (net of contract amount) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to originate loans |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Letters of credit |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Lines of credit |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments:
Cash and cash equivalents and interest-bearing time deposits are valued at their carrying amounts, which approximates book value. Stock in FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis is valued at cost, which approximates fair value. For December 31, 2018, the fair value of loans is estimated on an exit price basis incorporating contractual cash flow, prepayments discount spreads, credit loss and liquidity premiums. For June 30, 2018, the fair value of loans was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the market rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Loans with similar characteristics were aggregated for purposes of the calculations. The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates its fair value.
The fair value of fixed-maturity time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. Non-maturity deposits and securities sold under agreements are valued at their carrying value, which approximates fair value. Fair value of advances from the FHLB is estimated by discounting maturities using an estimate of the current market for similar instruments. The fair value of subordinated debt is estimated using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of commitments to originate loans is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. The carrying amount of notes payable approximates fair value. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and committed rates. The fair value of letters of credit and lines of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.
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Note 12: Business Combinations
On November 21, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Gideon Bancshares Company (“Gideon”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, First Commercial Bank (“First Commercial”), in a stock and cash transaction. Upon completion of the Merger, each share of Gideon common stock was converted into the right to receive $72.48 in cash, as well as 2.04 shares of Southern Missouri common stock, with cash payable in lieu of fractional Southern Missouri shares (the “Merger Consideration”). The Company issued an aggregate of 317,225 shares of common stock for the stock portion of the Merger Consideration and paid an aggregate of approximately $11.3 million for the cash portion of the Merger Consideration. The conversion of data systems took place on December 8, 2018. The Company acquired First Commercial primarily for the purpose of conducting commercial banking activities in markets where it believes the Company’s business model will perform well, and for the long-term value of its core deposit franchise. Through December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $629,000 of third-party acquisition-related costs with $420,000 and $554,000 being included in noninterest expense in the Company's consolidated statement of income for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2018, respectively, and $75,000 included in the prior fiscal year.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the purchase price for the Gideon acquisition is detailed in the following table.

Gideon Bancshares Company |  |  |
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 11,271 |
Common stock, at fair value |  |  | 10,757 |
Total consideration |  | $ | 22,028 |
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired |  |  |  |
and liabilities assumed |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,894 |
Investment securities |  |  | 54,866 |
Loans |  |  | 144,286 |
Premises and equipment |  |  | 3,663 |
Identifiable intangible assets |  |  | 4,125 |
Miscellaneous other assets |  |  | 5,926 |
Deposits |  |  | (170,687 | )
FHLB Advances |  |  | (18,701 | )
Note Payable |  |  | (4,400 | )
Miscellaneous other liabilities |  |  | (956 | )
Total identifiable net assets |  |  | 21,016 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 1,012 |

Of the total estimated purchase price of $22.0 million, $4.1 million has been allocated to core deposit intangible. Additionally, $1.0 million has been allocated to goodwill and none of the purchase price is deductible. Goodwill is attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Bank and First Commercial. Total goodwill was assigned to the acquisition of First Commercial. The core deposit intangible will be amortized over seven years on a straight line basis.
Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered to be credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include information such as past-due and non-accrual status, our assessment of the ability of the borrower to service the debt, and recent loan-to-value percentages. Purchased credit-impaired loans are accounted for under the accounting guidance for loans and debt securities acquired with deteriorated credit quality (ASC 310-30) and initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over and recorded at the acquisition date. Management estimated the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition using individual analysis of each purchased credit impaired loan.
33

The Company acquired the $154.0 million loan portfolio at an estimated fair value discount of $9.7 million. The accounting for the business combination is not yet complete and therefore all required disclosures for a business combination have not been provided. When completed, the excess of expected cash flows above the fair value of the performing portion of loans will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with ASC 310-30.
Final estimates of certain loans, those for which specific credit-related deterioration, since origination, will be recorded at fair value, reflecting the present value of the amounts expected to be collected. Income recognition of these loans will be based on reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected.
The acquired business contributed revenues of $1.2 million and earnings of $405,000 for the period from November 21, 2018 through December 31, 2018. The following unaudited pro forma summaries present consolidated information of the Company as if the business combination had occurred on July 1, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Pro Forma |
|  | Three months ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Revenue |  | $ | 22,879 |  |  | $ | 21,237 |
Earnings |  |  | 7,629 |  |  |  | 5,314 |

|  | Pro Forma |
|  | Six months ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Revenue |  | $ | 45,739 |  |  | $ | 41,656 |
Earnings |  |  | 14,948 |  |  |  | 10,587 |

34

PART I: Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
General
Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. (Southern Missouri or Company) is a Missouri corporation and owns all of the outstanding stock of Southern Bank (the Bank). The Company’s earnings are primarily dependent on the operations of the Bank. As a result, the following discussion relates primarily to the operations of the Bank. The Bank’s deposit accounts are generally insured up to a maximum of $250,000 by the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF), which is administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At December 31, 2018, the Bank operated from its headquarters, 47 full-service branch offices, and two limited-service branch offices. The Bank owns the office building and related land on which its headquarters are located, and 46 of its other branch offices. The remaining three branches are either leased or partially owned.
The significant accounting policies followed by Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries for interim financial reporting are consistent with the accounting policies followed for annual financial reporting. All adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and are in the opinion of management necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods reported, have been included in the accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements.
The consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of June 30, 2018, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K annual report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The following discussion reviews the Company’s condensed consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2018, and results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Forward Looking Statements
This document contains statements about the Company and its subsidiaries which we believe are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements with respect to anticipated future operating and financial performance, growth opportunities, interest rates, cost savings and funding advantages expected or anticipated to be realized by management. Words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward‑looking statements. Forward-looking statements by the Company and its management are based on beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions of management and are not guarantees of future performance. The important factors we discuss below, as well as other factors discussed under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and identified in this filing and in our other filings with the SEC and those presented elsewhere by our management from time to time, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this document:

| · | expected cost savings, synergies and other benefits from our merger and acquisition activities, including our ongoing and recently completed acquisitions, might not be realized within the anticipated time frames, to the extent anticipated, or at all, and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention, might be greater than expected;

| · | the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations;

| · | fluctuations in interest rates and in real estate values;

| · | monetary and fiscal policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and the U.S. Government and other governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry;

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| · | the risks of lending and investing activities, including changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

| · | our ability to access cost-effective funding;

| · | the timely development of and acceptance of our new products and services and the perceived overall value of these products and services by users, including the features, pricing and quality compared to competitors' products and services;

| · | fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate markets, as well as agricultural business conditions;

| · | demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

| · | legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business;

| · | changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines;

| · | results of examinations of us by our regulators, including the possibility that our regulators may, among other things, require us to increase our reserve for loan losses or to write-down assets;

| · | the impact of technological changes; and

| · | our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing.

The Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements based on the occurrence of future events, the receipt of new information, or otherwise.
Critical Accounting Policies
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America are complex and require management to apply significant judgments to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. Management of the Company must use assumptions and estimates to apply these principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. For a complete discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report. Certain policies are considered critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such estimates may have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management has reviewed the application of these policies with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. For a discussion of applying critical accounting policies, see “Critical Accounting Policies” beginning on page 54 in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report.
Executive Summary
Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest margin, which is directly impacted by the interest rate environment. The net interest margin represents interest income earned on interest-earning assets (primarily real estate loans, commercial and agricultural loans, and the investment portfolio), less interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities (primarily interest-bearing transaction accounts, certificates of deposit, savings and money market deposit accounts, repurchase agreements, and borrowed funds), as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Net interest margin is directly impacted by the spread between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates, as our interest-earning assets, particularly those with initial terms to maturity or repricing greater than one year, generally price off longer term rates while our interest-bearing liabilities generally price off shorter term interest rates. This difference in longer term and shorter term interest rates is often referred to as the steepness of the yield curve. A steep yield curve – in which the difference in interest rates between short term and long term periods is relatively large – could be beneficial to our net interest income, as the interest rate spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities would be larger. Conversely, a flat or flattening yield curve, in which the difference in rates between short term and long term periods is relatively small or shrinking, or an inverted yield curve, in which short term rates exceed long term rates, could have an adverse impact on our net interest income, as our interest rate spread could decrease.
Our results of operations may also be affected significantly by general and local economic and competitive conditions, particularly those with respect to changes in market interest rates, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities.
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During the first six months of fiscal 2019, we grew our balance sheet by $320.2 million. Balance sheet growth was primarily attributable to the November 2018 acquisition of Gideon Bancshares Company, and its subsidiary, First Commercial Bank (the Gideon Acquisition), in which the Company acquired assets totaling $216.8 million, at fair value. Loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, increased $238.1 million, which included $144.3 million, at fair value, added through the Gideon Acquisition. Available-for-sale (AFS) securities increased $51.5 million, attributable to the Gideon Acquisition. Cash equivalents and time deposits increased a combined $11.8 million. Deposits increased $216.1 million, which included $171.2 million, at fair value, assumed in the Gideon Acquisition. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased $1.2 million, and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) increased $79.1 million, primarily attributable to the Company’s use of overnight funding to provide for loan growth in excess of deposit growth, and, to a lesser extent, the assumption of advances totaling $18.7 million, at fair value, in the Gideon Acquisition. Equity increased $23.3 million, attributable to retained earnings, equity issued in the Gideon Acquisition, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which was due to a decrease in market interest rates.
Net income for the first six months of fiscal 2019 was $14.3 million, an increase of $4.2 million, or 42.1% as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. Compared to the year-ago period, the Company’s increase in net income was the result of increases in net interest income and noninterest income, and decreases in provision for income taxes and provision for loan losses, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense. Diluted net income available to common shareholders was $1.57 per share for the first six months of fiscal 2019, as compared to $1.16 per share for the same period of the prior fiscal year. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, net interest income increased $4.4 million, or 14.4%; provision for income taxes decreased $966,000, or 21.8%; provision for loan losses decreased $516,000, or 34.1%; noninterest income increased $1.0 million, or 16.1%; and noninterest expense increased $2.7 million, or 12.8%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. For more information see “Results of Operations.”
Interest rates during the first six months of fiscal 2019 generally drifted higher for much of the period, before moving sharply lower in December, while the yield curve flattened and even inverted at points. At December 31, 2018, as compared to June 30, 2018, the yield on two-year treasuries dropped from 2.52% to 2.48%, after having approached 3.00% in November; the yield on five-year treasuries moved down from 2.73% to 2.51%, after peaking above 3.00% in November; the yield on ten-year treasuries moved down from 2.85% to 2.69%, after having approached 3.25% in November; and the yield on 30-year treasuries moved up from 2.98% to 3.02%, after having yielded nearly 3.50% in November. The spread between two- and ten-year treasuries dropped from 33 to 21 basis points. As compared to the first six months of the prior fiscal year, our average yield on earning assets increased by 32 basis points as we originated and renewed loans and acquired securities at higher market rates reflecting recent increases by the Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee (FOMC) and saw an increase in accretion of the fair value discount resulting from recent acquisitions (see “Results of Operations: Comparison of the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 – Net Interest Income”). The FOMC increased targeted overnight rates by 25 basis points in June 2018, just prior to the beginning of the current six-month period, and again in September 2018 and in December 2018, just before the end of the current six month period. In December 2015, the FOMC began the current increasing rate cycle, raising targeted overnight rates by 25 basis points, which was the first increase since the financial crisis that began in 2008. In December 2016, a second 25 basis point increase was effected, followed by three increases of 25 basis points each in 2017, and four increases of 25 basis points each in 2018. The Company has considered the measured increase in market interest rates to generally be favorable; however, the flattening (and, at times, inverting) yield curve is concerning, especially as funding cost increases have picked up in recent quarters. Our average cost of interest-bearing deposits increased by 34 basis points, and our average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 41 basis points, when comparing the current six-month period with the same period of the prior fiscal year.
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Our net interest margin decreased two basis points when comparing the first six months of fiscal 2019 to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The decrease was attributable to an increased cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increased yield on interest earning assets. Net interest income in the first six months of fiscal 2019 resulting from the accretion of the discount (and a smaller premium on acquired time deposits) attributable to the 2014 acquisition of Peoples Bank of the Ozarks (the Peoples Acquisition), the 2017 acquisition of Capaha Bank (the Capaha Acquisition), the 2018 acquisition of Southern Missouri Bank of Marshfield (the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition) totaled $1.7 million, as compared to $1.3 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018. In the current six-month period, this component of net interest income contributed 18 basis points to the net interest margin, an increase from a contribution of 16 basis points in the year-ago period. Over the longer term, the Company generally expects this component of net interest income to decline, and the dollar impact of this component of net interest income has generally been declining each sequential quarter as assets from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha Acquisition mature or prepay. However, discount accretion resulting from the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition has partially offset that decline, as there was no comparable item in the same period a year ago, and full quarter impact of the Gideon Acquisition going forward will contribute further in the second half of fiscal 2019. Also, to the extent we have periodic resolution of specific credit impaired loans, this may create volatility in this component of net interest income. Resolution of particular acquired impaired credits from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha acquisition resulted in notably higher levels of discount accretion in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, as well as in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2018.
The Company’s net income is also affected by the level of its noninterest income and noninterest expenses. Non-interest income generally consists primarily of deposit account service charges, bank card interchange income, loan-related fees, earnings on bank-owned life insurance, gains on sales of loans, and other general operating income. Noninterest expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy-related expenses, insurance assessments, professional fees, advertising, postage and office expenses, insurance, bank card network expenses, the amortization of intangible assets, and other general operating expenses.
During the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, noninterest income increased $1.0 million, or 16.1%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, attributable primarily to increases in bank card interchange income, earnings on bank-owned life insurance, and deposit account service charges, partially offset by reductions in gains realized on the sale of residential real estate loans originated for sale into the secondary market and gains on the sale of AFS securities. Bank card interchange income and deposit account service charges increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Earnings on bank-owned life insurance increased due to a nonrecurring benefit realized in the current quarter. Gains realized on the sale of residential real estate loans originated for sale into the secondary market decreased primarily as a result of a reduction in this type of loan origination, attributable to the increase in market interest rates and associated declines in refinancing activity.
Noninterest expense for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, increased $2.7 million, or 12.8%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable primarily to increases in compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, bank card network expense, and other expenses, including expenses related to and losses on the disposition of foreclosed real estate, provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure, and expenses to provide electronic banking services. Bank card network expenses increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, and expenses to provide electronic banking services increased as a result of continued growth in our organization’s operations, and were attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Expenses and losses related to foreclosed real estate are attributable to higher turnover of these assets during the current fiscal year, and provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure was a charge in the current six-month period, as compared to a recovery in the same period a year ago, as seasonal increases in available credit on agricultural and commercial loans required additional provisioning in the current quarter, while in the year ago quarter similar increases in available credit were more than offset by a decline in available credit on construction lines. Charges related to merger and acquisition activity totaled $595,000 in the current fiscal year to date, as compared to $333,000 in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
We expect, over time, to continue to grow our assets through the origination and occasional purchase of loans, and purchases of investment securities. The primary funding for this asset growth is expected to come from retail deposits, brokered funding, and short- and long-term FHLB borrowings. We have grown and intend to continue to grow deposits by offering desirable deposit products for our current customers and by attracting new depository relationships. We will also continue to explore strategic expansion opportunities in market areas that we believe will be attractive to our business model.
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Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31 and June 30, 2018
The Company experienced balance sheet growth in the first six months of fiscal 2019, with total assets of $2.2 billion at December 31, 2018, reflecting an increase of $320.2 million, or 17.0%, as compared to June 30, 2018. Asset growth was comprised mainly of increases in loans, AFS securities, and cash and cash equivalents, and was attributable in large part to the Gideon Acquisition.
AFS securities were $197.9 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $51.5 million, or 35.2%, as compared to June 30, 2018. The increase reflects the securities acquired in the Gideon Acquisition. Cash equivalents and time deposits were $40.1 million, an increase of $11.8 million, or 41.8%, as compared to June 30, 2018.
Loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, were $1.8 billion at December 31, 2018, an increase of $238.1 million, or 15.2%, as compared to June 30, 2018. The increase was attributable in large part to the Gideon Acquisition, which included loans recorded at a fair value of $144.3 million. Inclusive of the Gideon Acquisition, the portfolio saw growth in commercial real estate loans, commercial loans, residential real estate loans, consumer loans, and drawn balances on construction loans. Commercial real estate loans increased due to growth in loans secured by nonresidential properties, agricultural real estate, and unimproved land. The increase in commercial loan balances was attributable primarily to growth in commercial & industrial loan balances. Growth in residential real estate loans was attributable primarily to loans secured by multifamily real estate.
Deposits were $1.8 billion at December 31, 2018, an increase of $216.1 million, or 13.7%, as compared to June 30, 2018. The increase was attributable in large part to the Gideon Acquisition, which included deposits assumed at a fair value of $171.2 million. Inclusive of the Gideon Acquisition, deposit balances saw growth in certificates of deposit, money market deposit accounts, noninterest bearing transaction accounts, interest-bearing transaction accounts, and passbook and statement savings accounts. Since June 30, 2018, the Company’s public unit deposits increased $11.1 million, as we assumed approximately $18.6 million in public unit deposits in the Gideon Acquisition. Also since June 30, 2018, brokered certificates of deposit increased $35.2 million, and brokered nonmaturity deposits increased $809,000, with no brokered funding assumed in the Gideon Acquisition. The Company utilized brokered funding in addition to overnight borrowings to provide funding for loan growth and to maintain pricing discipline for retail deposits, and as we anticipate a seasonal increase in deposit growth in the third quarter of the fiscal year, accompanied by a seasonal slowdown in loan growth. Our discussion of brokered deposits excludes those deposits originated through reciprocal arrangements, as our reciprocal deposits are primarily originated by our public unit depositors and utilized as an alternative to pledging securities against those deposits. Recently updated regulatory guidance, adopted following the May 2018 enactment of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (Senate Bill 2155), has generally exempted deposits originated through such reciprocal arrangements from classification as brokered deposits for regulatory purposes, subject to some limitations. The average loan-to-deposit ratio for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 101.4%, as compared to 98.4% for the same period of the prior fiscal year.
FHLB advances were $155.8 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $79.1 million, or 103.2%, as compared to June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to the Company's use of overnight funding to provide for loan growth in excess of deposit growth and, to a lesser extent, the assumption of advances totaling $18.7 million, at fair value, in the Gideon Acquisition. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $4.4 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $1.2 million, or 35.4%, as compared to June 30, 2018, although the Company continues to work to move these customers to a reciprocal insured deposit arrangement in lieu of these repurchase agreements. At both dates, the full balance of repurchase agreements was due to local small business and government counterparties.
The Company’s stockholders’ equity was $224.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $23.3 million, or 11.6%, as compared to June 30, 2018. The increase was attributable to retained earnings, equity issued in the Gideon Acquisition, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which was due to a decrease in market interest rates.
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Average Balance Sheet, Interest, and Average Yields and Rates for the Three- and Six-Month Periods Ended
December 31, 2018 and 2017
The tables below present certain information regarding our financial condition and net interest income for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The tables present the annualized average yield on interest-earning assets and the annualized average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. We derived the yields and costs by dividing annualized income or expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Yields on tax-exempt obligations were not computed on a tax equivalent basis.

|  | Three-month period ended |  |  | Three-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest and Dividends |  |  | Yield/ Cost (%) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest and Dividends |  |  | Yield/ Cost (%) |
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans (1) |  | $ | 1,348,479 |  |  | $ | 17,413 |  |  |  | 5.17 |  |  | $ | 1,162,386 |  |  | $ | 14,059 |  |  |  | 4.84 |
Other loans (1) |  |  | 395,674 |  |  |  | 5,372 |  |  |  | 5.43 |  |  |  | 300,668 |  |  |  | 4,177 |  |  |  | 5.56 |
Total net loans |  |  | 1,744,153 |  |  |  | 22,785 |  |  |  | 5.23 |  |  |  | 1,463,054 |  |  |  | 18,236 |  |  |  | 4.99 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 99,089 |  |  |  | 649 |  |  |  | 2.62 |  |  |  | 78,485 |  |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 2.17 |
Investment securities (2) |  |  | 100,796 |  |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | 2.93 |  |  |  | 78,616 |  |  |  | 558 |  |  |  | 2.84 |
Other interest earning assets |  |  | 4,020 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 3.57 |  |  |  | 3,028 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 1.45 |
Total interest earning assets (1) |  |  | 1,948,058 |  |  |  | 24,207 |  |  |  | 4.97 |  |  |  | 1,623,183 |  |  |  | 19,231 |  |  |  | 4.74 |
Other noninterest earning assets (3) |  |  | 164,815 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 141,665 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,112,873 |  |  | $ | 24,207 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,764,848 |  |  | $ | 19,231 |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings accounts |  | $ | 158,983 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 144,880 |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 0.48 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 567,328 |  |  |  | 1,383 |  |  |  | 0.98 |  |  |  | 513,202 |  |  |  | 1,025 |  |  |  | 0.80 |
Money market deposit accounts |  |  | 150,078 |  |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 1.27 |  |  |  | 111,642 |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | 0.61 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 616,944 |  |  |  | 2,784 |  |  |  | 1.81 |  |  |  | 523,441 |  |  |  | 1,656 |  |  |  | 1.27 |
Total interest bearing deposits |  |  | 1,493,333 |  |  |  | 4,925 |  |  |  | 1.32 |  |  |  | 1,293,165 |  |  |  | 3,025 |  |  |  | 0.94 |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 3,573 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 0.87 |  |  |  | 4,585 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 0.70 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 146,010 |  |  |  | 932 |  |  |  | 2.55 |  |  |  | 70,797 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 1.60 |
Note Payable |  |  | 3,957 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 4.85 |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 3.87 |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 14,982 |  |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 6.03 |  |  |  | 14,884 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 4.89 |
Total interest bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,661,855 |  |  |  | 6,139 |  |  |  | 1.48 |  |  |  | 1,386,431 |  |  |  | 3,528 |  |  |  | 1.02 |
Noninterest bearing demand deposits |  |  | 226,559 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 193,028 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Other noninterest bearing liabilities |  |  | 9,816 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,657 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,898,230 |  |  |  | 6,139 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,586,116 |  |  |  | 3,528 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  | 214,643 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 178,732 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 2,112,873 |  |  | $ | 6,139 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,764,848 |  |  | $ | 3,528 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,068 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,703 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.49 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.72 | %
Net interest margin (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.71 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.87 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 117.22 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117.08 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Calculated net of deferred loan fees, loan discounts and loans-in-process. Non-accrual loans are not included in average loans.

(2) Includes FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis membership stock and related cash dividends.

(3) | Includes average balances for fixed assets and BOLI of $60.7 million and $37.7 million, respectively, for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $53.9 million and $34.6 million, respectively, for the same period of the prior fiscal year.

(4) | Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average rate on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) | Net interest margin represents annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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|  | Six-month period ended |  |  | Six-month period ended |
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest and Dividends |  |  | Yield/ Cost (%) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest and Dividends |  |  | Yield/ Cost (%) |
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans (1) |  | $ | 1,290,995 |  |  | $ | 33,089 |  |  |  | 5.13 |  |  | $ | 1,148,842 |  |  | $ | 27,692 |  |  |  | 4.82 |
Other loans (1) |  |  | 373,952 |  |  |  | 10,612 |  |  |  | 5.68 |  |  |  | 300,764 |  |  |  | 8,000 |  |  |  | 5.32 |
Total net loans |  |  | 1,664,947 |  |  |  | 43,701 |  |  |  | 5.25 |  |  |  | 1,449,606 |  |  |  | 35,692 |  |  |  | 4.92 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 96,699 |  |  |  | 1,232 |  |  |  | 2.55 |  |  |  | 78,558 |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 2.15 |
Investment securities (2) |  |  | 84,020 |  |  |  | 1,255 |  |  |  | 2.99 |  |  |  | 76,928 |  |  |  | 1,087 |  |  |  | 2.83 |
Other interest earning assets |  |  | 3,608 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 3.38 |  |  |  | 2,648 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 1.52 |
Total interest earning assets (1) |  |  | 1,849,274 |  |  |  | 46,249 |  |  |  | 5.00 |  |  |  | 1,607,740 |  |  |  | 37,642 |  |  |  | 4.68 |
Other noninterest earning assets (3) |  |  | 157,426 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 141,162 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,006,700 |  |  | $ | 46,249 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,748,902 |  |  | $ | 37,642 |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings accounts |  | $ | 156,144 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 145,376 |  |  |  | 344 |  |  |  | 0.47 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 557,676 |  |  |  | 2,644 |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  | 498,891 |  |  |  | 1,974 |  |  |  | 0.79 |
Money market deposit accounts |  |  | 135,194 |  |  |  | 820 |  |  |  | 1.21 |  |  |  | 110,477 |  |  |  | 320 |  |  |  | 0.58 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 579,438 |  |  |  | 4,945 |  |  |  | 1.71 |  |  |  | 532,260 |  |  |  | 3,249 |  |  |  | 1.22 |
Total interest bearing deposits |  |  | 1,428,452 |  |  |  | 8,934 |  |  |  | 1.25 |  |  |  | 1,287,004 |  |  |  | 5,887 |  |  |  | 0.91 |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 3,611 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 0.88 |  |  |  | 7,038 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 0.61 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 125,546 |  |  |  | 1,531 |  |  |  | 2.44 |  |  |  | 62,930 |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 1.62 |
Note Payable |  |  | 3,478 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 4.78 |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | - |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 14,969 |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 6.01 |  |  |  | 14,872 |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 4.84 |
Total interest bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,576,056 |  |  |  | 11,014 |  |  |  | 1.40 |  |  |  | 1,374,844 |  |  |  | 6,836 |  |  |  | 0.99 |
Noninterest bearing demand deposits |  |  | 211,621 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 190,179 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Other noninterest bearing liabilities |  |  | 9,985 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,012 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,797,662 |  |  |  | 11,014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,572,035 |  |  |  | 6,836 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  | 209,038 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176,867 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 2,006,700 |  |  | $ | 11,014 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,748,902 |  |  | $ | 6,836 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,235 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 30,806 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.60 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.69 | %
Net interest margin (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.81 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.83 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 117.34 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 116.94 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Calculated net of deferred loan fees, loan discounts and loans-in-process. Non-accrual loans are not included in average loans.

(2) Includes FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis membership stock and related cash dividends.

(3) | Includes average balances for fixed assets and BOLI of $57.7 million and $37.7 million, respectively, for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $54.0 million and $34.5 million, respectively, for the same period of the prior fiscal year.

(4) | Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average rate on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) | Net interest margin represents annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

41

Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on the Company’s net interest income for the three-and six- month periods ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2017. Information is provided with respect to (i) effects on interest income and expense attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income and expense attributable to change in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by change in volume).

|  | Three-month period ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Compared to three-month period ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Increase (Decrease) Due to |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rate/ |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Rate |  |  | Volume |  |  | Volume |  |  | Net |
Interest-earnings assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (1) |  | $ | 876 |  |  | $ | 3,504 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 4,549 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 223 |
Investment securities (2) |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 180 |
Other interest-earning deposits |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 24 |
Total net change in income on |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
interest-earning assets |  |  | 998 |  |  |  | 3,776 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 4,976 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 1,900 |
Securities sold under |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
agreements to repurchase |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 44 |
Note Payable |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 19 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 302 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 648 |
Total net change in expense on |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,420 |  |  |  | 789 |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  | 2,611 |
Net change in net interest income |  | $ | (422 | ) |  | $ | 2,987 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | 2,365 |

|  | Six-month period ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Compared to six-month period ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Increase (Decrease) Due to |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rate/ |  |  |  |
| Rate |  |  | Volume |  |  | Volume |  |  | Net |
Interest-earnings assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (1) |  | $ | 2,289 |  |  | $ | 5,373 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 8,009 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 389 |
Investment securities (2) |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 168 |
Other interest-earning deposits |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total net change in income on |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
interest-earning assets |  |  | 2,532 |  |  |  | 5,675 |  |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 8,607 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 2,182 |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 3,047 |
Securities sold under |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
agreements to repurchase |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
FHLB advances |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 507 |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 1,021 |
Note payable |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 26 |
Subordinated debt |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 90 |
Total net change in expense on |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 2,551 |  |  |  | 1,126 |  |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | 4,178 |
Net change in net interest income |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | 4,549 |  |  | $ | (101 | ) |  | $ | 4,429 |

| (1) | Does not include interest on loans placed on nonaccrual status.

| (2) | Does not include dividends earned on equity securities.

42

Results of Operations – Comparison of the three-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
General. Net income for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $7.5 million, an increase of $2.3 million, or 44.2%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to an increase in net interest income and noninterest income and decreases in provision for income taxes and provision for loan losses, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense.
For the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, basic and fully-diluted net income per share available to common shareholders were $0.82 and $0.81, respectively, as compared to $0.60 under both measures for the same period of the prior fiscal year, which represented increases of $0.22, or 36.7%, and $0.21, or 35.0%, respectively. Our annualized return on average assets for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 1.41%, as compared to 1.17% for the same period of the prior fiscal year. Our return on average common stockholders’ equity for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 13.9%, as compared to 11.6% in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $18.1 million, an increase of $2.4 million, or 15.1%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to a 20.0% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in net interest margin to 3.71% in the current three-month period, from 3.87% in the three-month period a year ago. Our net interest margin is determined by dividing annualized net interest income by total average interest-earning assets.
Loan discount accretion and deposit premium amortization related to the August 2014 Peoples Acquisition, the June 2017 Capaha Acquisition, the February 2018 SMB-Marshfield Acquisition, and the November 2018 Gideon Acquisition resulted in an additional $467,000 in net interest income for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $860,000 in net interest income for the same period a year ago. In the current three-month period, this component of net interest income contributed 10 basis points to the net interest margin, a decrease from a contribution of 21 basis points in the year-ago period. Over the longer term, the Company generally expects this component of net interest income to decline, and the dollar impact of this component of net interest income has generally been declining each sequential quarter as assets from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha Acquisition mature or prepay. However, discount accretion resulting from the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition has partially offset that decline, as there was no comparable item in the same period a year ago, and full quarter impact of the Gideon Acquisition going forward will contribute further in the second half of fiscal 2019. Also, to the extent we have periodic resolution of specific credit impaired loans, this may create volatility in this component of net interest income. Resolution of particular acquired impaired credits from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha acquisition resulted in notably higher levels of discount accretion in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, as well as in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2018.
For the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, our net interest rate spread was 3.49%, as compared to 3.72% in the year-ago period. The decrease in net interest rate spread, compared to the same period a year ago, resulted from a 46 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a 23 basis point increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets.
Interest Income. Total interest income for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $24.2 million, an increase of $5.0 million, or 25.9%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributed to a 20.0% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, combined with a 23 basis point increase in the average yield earned on interest-earning assets, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. Increased average interest-earning balances were attributable primarily to growth in the loan portfolio, including organic growth and growth through acquisitions, though investment balances increased at a faster rate, due to growth through acquisitions. The increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets was attributable to origination and renewals of loans at higher market rates and reinvestment in investment securities at higher market rates, partially offset by the decrease in loan discount accretion, discussed above, as well as a shift in the earning asset mix towards the securities portfolio.
43

Interest Expense. Total interest expense for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $6.1 million, an increase of $2.6 million, or 74.0%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to a 46 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, combined with a 19.9% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities was attributable primarily to higher market rates for certificates of deposit, short-term FHLB borrowings, money market deposit accounts, and interest-bearing transaction accounts, as well as a shift in the composition of interest-bearing liabilities towards FHLB borrowings. Increased average interest-bearing balances were attributable primarily to increases in certificates of deposit, FHLB borrowings, interest-bearing transaction accounts, money market deposit accounts, and savings accounts, partially offset by lower repurchase agreement balances.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $314,000, as compared to $642,000 in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Decreased provisioning was attributed primarily to continued low levels of net charge offs and a stable outlook regarding the credit quality of the Company’s legacy loan portfolio. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the provision for loan losses in the current three-month period represented a charge of 0.07% (annualized), while the Company recorded net charge offs during the period of 0.02% (annualized). During the same period of the prior fiscal year, the provision for loan losses as a percentage of average loans outstanding represented a charge of 0.18% (annualized), while the Company recorded net charge offs of 0.04% (annualized). (See “Critical Accounting Policies”, “Allowance for Loan Loss Activity” and “Nonperforming Assets”).
Noninterest Income. The Company’s noninterest income for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $4.1 million, an increase of $880,000, or 27.7%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable in part to a nonrecurring benefit in the current period of $346,000 related to bank-owned life insurance, and a $60,000 gain related to the Company’s sale of stock in a banker’s bank, which had been acquired in a recent acquisition. In addition, the Company realized increased bank card interchange income, deposit account service charges, and loan fees, partially offset by a reduction in gains realized on the sale of residential loans originated for sale into the secondary market and inclusion in the year-ago period’s results of gains on sales of AFS securities, with no comparable income in the current period. Bank card interchange income and deposit account service charges increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Gains realized on the sale of residential real estate loans originated for sale into the secondary market decreased as volume remained relatively unchanged, but pricing available decreased due to competitive factors and a small shift in the loan mix to less profitable products.
Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $12.6 million, an increase of $2.0 million, or 19.3%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable in part to $420,000 in charges directly attributable to the Gideon Acquisition, including primarily data processing charges, retention bonuses, and legal fees. In the year ago period, comparable charges totaled $111,000. Additionally, the Company realized increases in compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, bank card network expense, expenses related to and losses on disposition of foreclosed real estate, higher expenses related to providing electronic banking services, and provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure, partially offset by a decrease in advertising expenses and legal and professional fees. Provisioning for off-balance sheet credit exposure increased to $162,000 in the current quarter, as compared to a recovery of $72,000 in the year ago period, as seasonal increases in available credit on agricultural and commercial loans required additional provisioning in the current quarter, while in the year ago quarter similar increases in available credit were more than offset by a decline in available credit on construction lines. Compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, and expenses related to electronic banking increased as a result of continued growth in our organization’s operations, and bank card network expenses have increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, all of which are attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and Gideon Acquisition. The efficiency ratio for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 56.7%, as compared to 55.8% in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Income Taxes. The income tax provision for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $1.8 million, a decrease of $744,000, or 29.2%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, attributable to a decrease in the effective tax rate, to 19.5%, as compared to 33.0% in the year-ago period, partially offset by an increase in pre-tax income. The lower effective tax rate was attributed to the December 2017 enactment of a reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate, which also increased the effective tax rate during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, as the enactment of the tax rate reduction required a revaluation of the Company’s deferred tax asset.
44

Results of Operations – Comparison of the six-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
General. Net income for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $14.3 million, an increase of $4.2 million, or 42.1%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to increases in net interest income and noninterest income and decreases in provision for income taxes and provision for loan losses, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense.
For the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, basic and fully-diluted net income per share were $1.57 under both measures, as compared to $1.17 and $1.16, respectively, for the same period of the prior fiscal year, which represented increases of $0.40, or 34.2%, and $0.41, or 35.3%, respectively. Our annualized return on average assets for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 1.42%, as compared to 1.15% for the same period of the prior fiscal year. Our return on average common stockholders’ equity for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 13.6%, as compared to 11.3% in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $35.2 million, an increase of $4.4 million, or 14.4%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to a 15.0% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in net interest margin to 3.81% in the current six-month period, from 3.83% in the six-month period a year ago. Our net interest margin is determined by dividing annualized net interest income by total average interest-earning assets.
Loan discount accretion and deposit premium amortization related to the August 2014 Peoples Acquisition, the June 2017 Capaha Acquisition, the February 2018 SMB-Marshfield Acquisition, and the November 2018 Gideon Acquisition resulted in an additional $1.7 million in net interest income for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $1.3 million in net interest income for the same period a year ago. In the current six-month period, this component of net interest income contributed 18 basis points to the net interest margin, an increase from a contribution of 16 basis points in the year-ago period. Over the longer term, the Company generally expects this component of net interest income to decline, and the dollar impact of this component of net interest income has generally been declining each sequential quarter as assets from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha Acquisition mature or prepay. However, discount accretion resulting from the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition has partially offset that decline, as there was no comparable item in the same period a year ago, and full quarter impact of the Gideon Acquisition going forward will contribute further in the second half of fiscal 2019. Also, to the extent we have periodic resolution of specific credit impaired loans, this may create volatility in this component of net interest income. Resolution of particular acquired impaired credits from the Peoples Acquisition and the Capaha acquisition resulted in notably higher levels of discount accretion in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, as well as in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2018.
For the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, our net interest spread was 3.60%, as compared to 3.69% in the six-month period a year ago. The decrease in net interest rate spread, compared to the same period a year ago, resulted from a 41 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a 32 basis point increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets.
Interest Income. Total interest income for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $46.2 million, an increase of $8.6 million, or 22.9%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributed to a 15.0% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, combined with a 32 basis point increase in the average yield earned on interest-earning assets, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. Increased average interest-earning balances were attributable primarily to growth in the loan portfolio, including organic growth and growth through acquisitions, while investment balances increased at a slower rate, and that growth was due largely to acquisitions. The increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets was attributable primarily to originations and renewals of loans at higher market rates, as well as the increase in loan discount accretion, discussed above.
Interest Expense. Total interest expense for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $11.0 million, an increase of $4.2 million, or 61.1%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to a 41 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, combined with a 14.6% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities was attributable primarily to higher market rates for certificates of deposit, short-term FHLB borrowings, interest-bearing transaction accounts, and money market deposit accounts, as well as a shift in the composition of interest-bearing liabilities towards FHLB borrowings.
45

Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $1.0 million, as compared to $1.5 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Decreased provisioning was attributed primarily to continued low levels of net charge offs and a stable outlook regarding the credit quality of the Company’s legacy loan portfolio. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the provision for loan losses in the current six-month period represented a charge of 0.12% (annualized), while the Company recorded net charge offs during the period of 0.02% (annualized). During the same period of the prior fiscal year, provision for loan losses as a percentage of average loans outstanding represented a charge of 0.21% (annualized), while the Company recorded net charge offs of 0.03% (annualized). (See “Critical Accounting Policies”, “Allowance for Loan Loss Activity” and “Nonperforming Assets”).
Noninterest Income. The Company’s noninterest income for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $7.5 million, an increase of $1.0 million, or 16.1%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable in part to a nonrecurring benefit in the current period of $346,000 related to bank-owned life insurance, and a $60,000 gain related to the Company’s sale of stock in a banker’s bank, which had been acquired in a recent acquisition. In addition, the Company realized increased bank card interchange income, earnings on bank-owned life insurance, and deposit account service charges, partially offset by a reduction in gains realized on the sale of residential loans originated for sale into the secondary market and inclusion in the year-ago period’s results of gains on sales of AFS securities, with no comparable income in the current period. Bank card interchange income and deposit account service charges increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Gains realized on the sale of residential real estate loans originated for sale into the secondary market decreased as volume remained relatively unchanged, but pricing available decreased due to competitive factors and a small shift in the loan mix to less profitable products.
Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $24.0 million, an increase of $2.7 million, or 12.8%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable primarily to increases in compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, bank card network expense, and other expenses, including expenses related to and losses on the disposition of foreclosed real estate, provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure, and expenses to provide electronic banking services. Bank card network expenses have increased as a result of higher levels of depositor activity, attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Compensation and benefits, occupancy expenses, and expenses to provide electronic banking services increased as a result of continued growth in our organization’s operations, and were attributable in part to the SMB-Marshfield Acquisition and the Gideon Acquisition. Expenses and losses related to foreclosed real estate are attributable to higher turnover of these assets during the current fiscal year, and provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure was a charge in the current six-month period, as compared to a recovery in the same period a year ago, as seasonal increases in available credit on agricultural and commercial loans required additional provisioning in the current quarter, while in the year ago quarter similar increases in available credit were more than offset by a decline in available credit on construction lines. Charges related to merger and acquisition activity totaled $595,000 in the current fiscal year to date, as compared to $333,000 in the same period of the prior fiscal year. The efficiency ratio for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was 56.2%, as compared to 57.2% in the same period of the prior fiscal year.
Income Taxes. The income tax provision for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, was $3.5 million, a decrease of $1.0 million, or 21.8%, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, attributable to a decrease in the effective tax rate, to 19.6%, as compared to 30.7% in the year-ago period, partially offset by an increase in pre-tax income. The lower effective tax rate was attributed to the December 2017 enactment of a reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate, which also increased the effective tax rate during the six-month period ended December 31, 2017, as the enactment of the tax rate reduction required a revaluation of the Company’s deferred tax asset.
Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
The Company regularly reviews its allowance for loan losses and makes adjustments to its balance based on management’s analysis of the loan portfolio, the amount of non-performing and classified loans, as well as general economic conditions. Although the Company maintains its allowance for loan losses at a level that it considers sufficient to provide for losses, there can be no assurance that future losses will not exceed internal estimates. In addition, the amount of the allowance for loan losses is subject to review by regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional loss provision. The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for loan losses over the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
46

|  | For the three months ended |  |  | For the six months ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 18,790 |  |  | $ | 16,357 |  |  | $ | 18,214 |  |  | $ | 15,538 |
Loans charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (78 | )
Construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial business |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (21 | )
Commercial real estate |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (36 | )
Consumer |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (58 | )
Gross charged off loans |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | (193 | )
Recoveries of loans previously charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial business |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |
Gross recoveries of charged off loans |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 11 |
Net (charge offs) recoveries |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | (182 | )
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | 642 |  |  |  | 995 |  |  |  | 1,511 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 19,023 |  |  | $ | 16,867 |  |  | $ | 19,023 |  |  | $ | 16,867 |

The allowance for loan losses has been calculated based upon an evaluation of pertinent factors underlying the various types and quality of the Company’s loans. Management considers such factors as the repayment status of a loan, the estimated net fair value of the underlying collateral, the borrower’s intent and ability to repay the loan, local economic conditions, and the Company’s historical loss ratios. We maintain the allowance for loan losses through the provision for loan losses that we charge to income. We charge losses on loans against the allowance for loan losses when we believe the collection of loan principal is unlikely. The allowance for loan losses increased $809,000 to $19.0 million at December 31, 2018, from $18.2 million at June 30, 2018. The increase was deemed appropriate in order to bring the allowance for loan losses to a level that reflects management’s estimate of the incurred loss in the Company’s loan portfolio at December 31, 2018.
At December 31, 2018, the Company had loans of $29.1 million, or 1.60% of total loans, adversely classified ($28.4 million classified “substandard”; $648,000 classified “doubtful”), as compared to loans of $14.2 million, or 0.90% of total loans, adversely classified ($12.4 million classified “substandard”; $1.8 million classified “doubtful”) at June 30, 2018, and $11.1 million, or 0.75% of total loans, adversely classified ($10.5 million classified “substandard”; $602,000 classified “doubtful”) at December 31, 2017. Classified loans were generally comprised of loans secured by commercial real estate loans, commercial operating loans and residential real estate loans, and included $14.9 million, at fair value, added as a result of the Gideon Acquisition. All loans considered classified were the result of concerns as to the borrowers’ ability to continue to generate sufficient cash flows to service the debt. Of our classified loans, the Company had ceased recognition of interest on loans with a carrying value of $10.3 million at December 31, 2018. As noted in Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company’s total past due loans increased from $9.4 million at June 30, 2018, to $21.0 million at December 31, 2018.
In its quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of its allowance for loan losses, the Company employs historical data including past due percentages, charge offs, and recoveries for the previous five years for each loan category. The Company’s allowance methodology considers the most recent twelve-month period’s average net charge offs and uses this information as one of the primary factors for evaluation of allowance adequacy. Average net charge offs are calculated as net charge offs by portfolio type for the period as a percentage of the average balance of respective portfolio type over the same period.
47

The following table sets forth the Company’s historical net charge offs as of December 31 and June 30, 2018:

Portfolio segment | December 31, 2018 | June 30, 2018
Net charge offs – | Net charge offs –
12-month historical | 12-month historical
Real estate loans: |  |
Residential | 0.02% | 0.04%
Construction | 0.01% | 0.01%
Commercial | 0.02% | 0.01%
Consumer loans | 0.16% | 0.23%
Commercial loans | 0.01% | 0.01%

Additionally, in its quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company evaluates changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers; changes in local, regional, and national economic conditions; the Company’s historical loss experience; and changes in market conditions for property pledged to the Company as collateral. The Company has identified specific qualitative factors that address these issues and subjectively assigns a percentage to each factor. Qualitative factors are reviewed quarterly and may be adjusted as necessary to reflect improving or declining trends. At December 31, 2018, these qualitative factors included:
· Changes in lending policies
· National, regional, and local economic conditions
· Changes in mix and volume of portfolio
· Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff
· Entry to new markets
· Levels and trends of delinquent, nonaccrual, special mention and
· Classified loans
· Concentrations of credit
· Changes in collateral values
· Agricultural economic conditions
· Regulatory risk
The qualitative factors are applied to the allowance for loan losses based upon the following percentages by loan type:

Portfolio segment | Qualitative factor applied at interim period ended December 31, 2018 | Qualitative factor applied at fiscal year ended June 30, 2018
Real estate loans: |  |
Residential | 0.64% | 0.63%
Construction | 1.64% | 1.69%
Commercial | 1.14% | 1.27%
Consumer loans | 1.43% | 1.41%
Commercial loans | 1.29% | 1.32%

At December 31, 2018, the amount of our allowance for loan losses attributable to these qualitative factors was approximately $16.0 million, as compared to $15.5 million at June 30, 2018, primarily due to loan growth. The relatively small change in qualitative factors applied was attributable to management’s assessment that risks represented by the qualitative factors continue to lessen. Higher levels of net charge offs requiring additional provision for loan losses could result. Although management uses the best information available, the level of the allowance for loan losses remains an estimate that is subject to significant judgment and short-term change.
Nonperforming Assets
The ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets and nonperforming loans to net loans receivable is another measure of asset quality. Nonperforming assets of the Company include nonaccruing loans, accruing loans delinquent/past maturity 90 days or more, and assets which have been acquired as a result of foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The table below summarizes changes in the Company’s level of nonperforming assets over selected time periods:
48

(dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Nonaccruing loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 5,836 |  |  | $ | 5,913 |  |  | $ | 924 |
Construction |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 34 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,560 |  |  |  | 1,962 |  |  |  | 209 |
Consumer |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 123 |
Commercial business |  |  | 3,680 |  |  |  | 1,063 |  |  |  | 345 |
Total |  |  | 20,453 |  |  |  | 9,172 |  |  |  | 1,635 |
Loans 90 days past due accruing interest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 761 |
Construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,147 |
Consumer |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 136 |
Commercial business |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 637 |
Total |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,681 |
Total nonperforming loans |  |  | 20,453 |  |  |  | 9,172 |  |  |  | 7,316 |
Foreclosed assets held for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate owned |  |  | 3,894 |  |  |  | 3,874 |  |  |  | 3,653 |
Other nonperforming assets |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 71 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 24,401 |  |  | $ | 13,096 |  |  | $ | 11,040 |

At December 31, 2018, troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) totaled $13.5 million, of which $318,000 was considered nonperforming and is included in the nonaccrual loan total above. The remaining $13.1 million in TDRs have complied with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time and are therefore considered by the Company to be accrual status loans. In general, these loans were subject to classification as TDRs at December 31, 2018, on the basis of guidance under ASU No. 2011-02, which indicates that the Company may not consider the borrower’s effective borrowing rate on the old debt immediately before the restructuring in determining whether a concession has been granted. At June 30, 2018, TDRs totaled $13.0 million, of which $1.3 million was considered nonperforming and is included in the nonaccrual loan total above. The remaining $11.7 million in TDRs at June 30, 2018, had complied with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time and were therefore considered by the Company to be accrual status loans.
At December 31, 2018, nonperforming assets totaled $24.4 million, as compared to $13.1 million at June 30, 2018, and $11.0 million at December 31, 2017. The increase in nonperforming assets from fiscal year end was attributable primarily to the Gideon Acquisition, which included $12.9 million in nonperforming loans and a small balance of foreclosed property, and new foreclosures, partially offset by sales of foreclosed assets with a carrying value of $1.3 million.
Liquidity Resources
The term “liquidity” refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loans purchases, deposit withdrawals and operating expenses. Our primary sources of funds include deposit growth, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances, brokered deposits, amortization and prepayment of loan principal and interest, investment maturities and sales, and funds provided by our operations. While the scheduled loan repayments and maturing investments are relatively predictable, deposit flows, FHLB advance redemptions, and loan and security prepayment rates are significantly influenced by factors outside of the Bank’s control, including interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition in the marketplace. The Bank relies on FHLB advances and brokered deposits as additional sources for funding cash or liquidity needs.
The Company uses its liquid resources principally to satisfy its ongoing cash requirements, which include funding loan commitments, funding maturing certificates of deposit and deposit withdrawals, maintaining liquidity, funding maturing or called FHLB advances, purchasing investments, and meeting operating expenses.
49

At December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding commitments and approvals to extend credit of approximately $330.1 million (including $232.0 million in unused lines of credit) in mortgage and non-mortgage loans. These commitments and approvals are expected to be funded through existing cash balances, cash flow from normal operations and, if needed, advances from the FHLB or the Federal Reserve’s discount window. At December 31, 2018, the Bank had pledged $737.4 million of its single-family residential and commercial real estate loan portfolios to the FHLB for available credit of approximately $362.4 million, of which $156.2 million had been advanced. The Bank has the ability to pledge several other loan portfolios, including, for example, its multi-family residential real estate, commercial, and home equity loans, which could provide additional collateral for additional borrowings; in total, FHLB borrowings are generally limited to 45% of bank assets, or $870.6 million, subject to available collateral. Also, at December 31, 2018, the Bank had pledged a total of $219.4 million in loans secured by farmland and agricultural production loans to the Federal Reserve, providing access to $162.6 million in primary credit borrowings from the Federal Reserve’s discount window, of which none was drawn. Management believes its liquid resources will be sufficient to meet the Company’s liquidity needs.
Regulatory Capital
The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory—and possibly additional discretionary – actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under U.S. GAAP, regulatory reporting requirements and regulatory capital standards. The Company and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Furthermore, the Company and Bank’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Quantitative measures established by regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total capital, Tier 1 capital (as defined), and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average total assets (as defined). Management believes, as of December 31 and June 30, 2018, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
In July 2013, the Federal banking agencies announced their approval of the final rule to implement the Basel III regulatory reforms, among other changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The approved rule included a new minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital of 4.5%, raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% to 6.0%, and included a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0% for all banking institutions. Additionally, the rule created a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, and prohibited banking organizations from making distributions or discretionary bonus payments during any quarter if its eligible retained income is negative, if the capital conservation buffer is not maintained. This new capital conservation buffer requirement began phasing in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increases by that amount each year until fully implemented in January 2019. The phase-in of the enhanced capital requirements for banking organizations such as the Company and the Bank began January 1, 2015. Other changes included revised risk-weighting of some assets, stricter limitations on mortgage servicing assets and deferred tax assets, and replacement of the ratings-based approach to risk weight securities.
As of December 31, 2018, the most recent notification from the Federal banking agencies categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.
50

The tables below summarize the Company and Bank’s actual and required regulatory capital:

|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions |
As of December 31, 2018 |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 242,777 |  |  |  | 12.53 | % |  | $ | 154,972 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 233,946 |  |  |  | 12.16 | % |  |  | 153,942 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 192,427 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 222,406 |  |  |  | 11.48 | % |  |  | 116,229 |  |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 213,575 |  |  |  | 11.10 | % |  |  | 115,456 |  |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 153,942 |  |  |  | 8.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 222,406 |  |  |  | 10.64 | % |  |  | 83,628 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 213,575 |  |  |  | 10.70 | % |  |  | 79,859 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 99,824 |  |  |  | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 207,412 |  |  |  | 10.71 | % |  |  | 87,172 |  |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 213,575 |  |  |  | 11.10 | % |  |  | 86,592 |  |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 125,078 |  |  |  | 6.50 | %

|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions |
As of June 30, 2018 |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 222,133 |  |  |  | 13.53 | % |  | $ | 131,335 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 214,804 |  |  |  | 13.18 | % |  |  | 130,337 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 162,921 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 202,756 |  |  |  | 12.35 | % |  |  | 98,501 |  |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 195,427 |  |  |  | 12.00 | % |  |  | 97,753 |  |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 130,337 |  |  |  | 8.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 202,756 |  |  |  | 10.97 | % |  |  | 73,932 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 195,427 |  |  |  | 10.60 | % |  |  | 73,721 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 92,152 |  |  |  | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 188,416 |  |  |  | 11.48 | % |  |  | 73,876 |  |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Southern Bank |  |  | 195,427 |  |  |  | 12.00 | % |  |  | 73,315 |  |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 105,899 |  |  |  | 6.50 | %

51

PART I: Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk
The goal of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy is to manage the interest rate sensitivity of both interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities in order to maximize net interest income without exposing the Bank to an excessive level of interest rate risk. The Company employs various strategies intended to manage the potential effect that changing interest rates may have on future operating results. The primary asset/liability management strategy has been to focus on matching the anticipated re-pricing intervals of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. At times, however, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long- and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the Company may determine to increase its interest rate risk position somewhat in order to maintain its net interest margin.
In an effort to manage the interest rate risk resulting from fixed rate lending, the Bank has utilized longer term FHLB advances (with maturities up to ten years), subject to early redemptions and fixed terms. Other elements of the Company’s current asset/liability strategy include (i) increasing originations of commercial business, commercial real estate, agricultural operating lines, and agricultural real estate loans, which typically provide higher yields and shorter repricing periods, but inherently increase credit risk; (ii) actively soliciting less rate-sensitive deposits, including aggressive use of the Company’s “rewards checking” product, and (iii) offering competitively-priced money market accounts and CDs with maturities of up to five years. The degree to which each segment of the strategy is achieved will affect profitability and exposure to interest rate risk.
The Company continues to originate long-term, fixed-rate residential loans. During the first six months of fiscal year 2019, fixed rate 1- to 4-family residential loan production totaled $35.0 million, as compared to $29.5 million during the same period of the prior fiscal year. At December 31, 2018, the fixed rate residential loan portfolio was $171.5 million with a weighted average maturity of 99 months, as compared to $148.7 million at December 31, 2017, with a weighted average maturity of 104 months. The Company originated $18.2 million in adjustable-rate 1- to 4-family residential loans during the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $17.4 million during the same period of the prior fiscal year. At December 31, 2018, fixed rate loans with remaining maturities in excess of 10 years totaled $37.3 million, or 2.1% of net loans receivable, as compared to $36.6 million, or 2.5% of net loans receivable at December 31, 2017. The Company originated $179.2 million in fixed rate commercial and commercial real estate loans during the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $115.2 million during the same period of the prior fiscal year. The Company also originated $38.5 million in adjustable rate commercial and commercial real estate loans during the six-month period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $39.1 million during the same period of the prior fiscal year. At December 31, 2018, adjustable-rate home equity lines of credit increased to $41.0 million, as compared to $36.3 million at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s investment portfolio had an expected weighted-average life of 3.8 years, compared to 3.9 years at December 31, 2017. Management continues to focus on customer retention, customer satisfaction, and offering new products to customers in order to increase the Company’s amount of less rate-sensitive deposit accounts.
52

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2018, management’s estimates of the projected changes in net portfolio value (“NPV”) in the event of 100, 200, and 300 basis point (“bp”) instantaneous and permanent increases, and 100, 200, and 300 basis point instantaneous and permanent decreases in market interest rates. Dollar amounts are expressed in thousands.

December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  | NPV as Percentage of
| Net Portfolio |  | PV of Assets
Change in Rates | Value | Change | % Change |  | NPV Ratio | Change
+300 bp | $ 166,935 | $ (43,180) | -21% |  | 8.05% | -1.58%
+200 bp | 181,211 | (28,904) | -14% |  | 8.59% | -1.04%
+100 bp | 195,706 | (14,409) | -7% |  | 9.12% | -0.51%
0 bp | 210,115 | - | - |  | 9.63% | 0.00%
-100 bp | 225,600 | 15,485 | 7% |  | 10.17% | 0.55%
-200 bp | 255,466 | 45,351 | 22% |  | 11.33% | 1.70%
-300 bp | 284,567 | 74,452 | 35% |  | 12.45% | 2.82%
June 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  | NPV as Percentage of
| Net Portfolio |  | PV of Assets
Change in Rates | Value | Change | % Change |  | NPV Ratio | Change
+300 bp | $ 171,151 | $ (31,594) | -16% |  | 9.57% | -1.22%
+200 bp | 182,263 | (20,482) | -10% |  | 10.03% | -0.77%
+100 bp | 193,119 | (9,626) | -5% |  | 10.45% | -0.35%
0 bp | 202,745 | - | - |  | 10.80% | 0.00%
-100 bp | 212,684 | 9,939 | 5% |  | 11.16% | 0.36%
-200 bp | 241,161 | 38,415 | 19% |  | 12.43% | 1.63%
-300 bp | 268,610 | 65,865 | 32% |  | 13.64% | 2.84%

Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on an internally generated model using actual maturity and repricing schedules for the Bank’s loans and deposits, and are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan repayments and deposit run-offs, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Bank may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.
Management cannot predict future interest rates or their effect on the Bank’s NPV in the future. Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the computation of NPV. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in differing degrees to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have an initial fixed rate period typically from one to seven years and over the remaining life of the asset changes in the interest rate are restricted. In addition, the proportion of adjustable-rate loans in the Bank’s portfolios could decrease in future periods due to refinancing activity if market interest rates remain steady in the future. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels could deviate significantly from those assumed in the table. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their adjustable-rate debt may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.
The Bank’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) is responsible for reviewing the Bank’s asset and liability policies. The Board’s Asset/Liability Committees meets monthly to review interest rate risk and trends, as well as liquidity and capital ratios and requirements. The Bank’s management is responsible for administering the policies and determinations of the Boards with respect to the Bank’s asset and liability goals and strategies.
53

PART I: Item 4: Controls and Procedures
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
An evaluation of Southern Missouri Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Act”)) as of December 31, 2018, was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and several other members of our senior management. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to management (including the Chief Executive and Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
The Company does not expect that its disclosures and procedures will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
54

PART II: Other Information
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
Item 1: Legal Proceedings
In the opinion of management, the Company is not a party to any pending claims or lawsuits that are expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or operations. Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Company mainly as a defendant, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Company holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans and other issues incident to the Bank’s business. Aside from such pending claims and lawsuits, which are incident to the conduct of the Company’s ordinary business, the Company is not a party to any material pending legal proceedings that would have a material effect on the financial condition or operations of the Company.
Item 1a: Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018.
Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Period | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Program
10/1/2018 thru 10/31/2018 | - | - | - | -
11/1/2018 thru 11/30/2018 | - | - | - | -
12/1/2018 thru 12/31/2018 | - | - | - | -
Total | - | - | - | -

Item 3: Defaults upon Senior Securities
Not applicable
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5: Other Information
None
55

Item 6: Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Document
3.1(i) | Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.1(ii) | Certificate of Designation for the Registrant's Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.2 | Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference)
10 | Material Contracts:
| 1. | Registrant's 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed on September 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference)
| 2. | 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed on September 19, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
| 3. | 2003 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed on September 17, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference)
| 4. | 1994 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed on October 21, 1994 and incorporated herein by reference)(P)
| 5. | Management Recognition and Development Plan (attached to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed on October 21, 1994 and incorporated herein by reference)(P)
| 6. | Employment Agreements
|  | (i) | Employment Agreement with Greg A. Steffens (files as an exhibit to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended June 30, 1999)(P)
| 7. | Director's Retirement Agreements
|  | (i) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Sammy A. Schalk (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (ii) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Ronnie D. Black (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (iii) | Director's Retirement Agreement with L. Douglas Bagby (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (iv) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Rebecca McLane Brooks (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (v) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Charles R. Love (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (vi) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Charles R. Moffitt (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (vii) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Dennis C. Robison (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (viii) | Director's Retirement Agreement with David J. Tooley (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
|  | (ix) | Director's Retirement Agreement with Todd E. Hensley (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
| 8. | Tax Sharing Agreement (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)

10.1 | Named Executive Officer Salary and Bonus Arrangements (filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018)
10.2 | Director Fee Arrangements for 2017 (filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018)
11 | Statement Regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings (filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018)
14 | Code of Conduct and Ethics (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2011)
14.1 | Amended Code of Conduct and Ethics (filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016)
21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018)
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15-d14(a) Certification
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15-d14(a) Certification
32 | Section 1350 Certifications
101 | Attached as Exhibit 101 are the following financial statements from the Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, formatted in Extensive Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) consolidated balance sheets, (ii) consolidated statements of income, (iii) consolidated statements of cash flows and (iv) the notes to consolidated financial statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
|  | Registrant
Date: February 11, 2019 |  | /s/ Greg A. Steffens
|  | Greg A. Steffens
|  | President & Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 11, 2019 |  | /s/ Matthew T. Funke
|  | Matthew T. Funke
|  | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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