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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

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☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 OR

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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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Commission File Number: 0-23406

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​ | ​ | ​
SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
​ | ​ | ​
Missouri |  | 43-1665523
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
​ | ​ | ​
2991 Oak Grove Road, Poplar Bluff, Missouri | ​ | 63901
(Address of principal executive offices) | ​ | (Zip Code)

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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (573) 778-1800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | ​ | SMBC | ​ | The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

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Securities Registered Pursuant to 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻ No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every interactive data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registration was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

The aggregate market value of the voting and non voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the average of the high and low traded price of such stock as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $356.8 million. (The exclusion from such amount of the market value of the shares owned by any person shall not be deemed an admission by the registrant that such person is an affiliate of the registrant.)

As of September 8, 2024, there were issued and outstanding 11,277,737 shares of the Registrant’s common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III of Form 10-K - Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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Table of Contents

SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Page
PART I | ​ | 3
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1. | Description of Business | 3
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 52
Item 1C. | Cybersecurity | 52
Item 2. | Description of Properties | 54
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 55
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 55
Item 4A. | Information About Our Executive Officers | 55
​ | ​ | ​
PART II | ​ | 58
​ | ​ | ​
Item 5. | Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 58
Item 6. | [Reserved] | 59
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 60
Item 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 74
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Information | 76
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 130
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 130
Item 9B. | Other Information | 133
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 133
​ | ​ | ​
PART III | ​ | 134
​ | ​ | ​
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 134
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 134
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 134
Item 13. | Certain Relationships, Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 135
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 135
​ | ​ | ​
PART IV | ​ | 136
​ | ​ | ​
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 136
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 138
Signatures | ​ | 139

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PART I

Item 1.​ ​Description of Business

The disclosures set forth in this Item 1. are qualified by Item 1A. Risk Factors and the section captioned “Forward Looking Statements” in this section and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this report.

General

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. ("Company") is a bank holding company and the parent company of Southern Bank (“Bank”). The Company changed its state of incorporation to Missouri on April 1, 1999, after originally incorporating in Delaware on December 30, 1993, for the purpose of becoming the holding company for the Bank, which was known as Southern Missouri Savings Bank upon completion of its conversion from a state chartered mutual savings and loan association to a state chartered stock savings bank. The Company’s common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "SMBC".

The Bank was originally chartered by the state of Missouri as a mutual savings and loan association in 1887. On June 4, 2004, Southern Missouri Bank & Trust Co. converted from a Missouri chartered stock savings bank to a Missouri chartered trust company with banking powers ("Charter Conversion"). On June 1, 2009, the institution changed its name to Southern Bank.

The primary regulator of the Bank is the Missouri Division of Finance. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve, and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve Board" or "FRB") is the Bank’s primary federal regulator. The Bank’s deposits continue to be insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). With the Bank’s conversion to a trust company with banking powers, the Company became a bank holding company regulated by the FRB.

The principal business of the Bank consists of attracting retail deposits from the general public and using such deposits along with wholesale funding from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, ("FHLB"), and brokered deposits, to invest in one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, mortgage loans secured by commercial real estate, commercial non-mortgage business loans, construction loans, and consumer loans. These funds are also used to purchase mortgage-backed and related securities ("MBS"), municipal bonds, and other permissible investments.

At June 30, 2024, the Company had total assets of $4.6 billion, total deposits of $4.0 billion and stockholders’ equity of $488.7 million. The Company has not engaged in any significant activity other than holding the stock of the Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, including financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank. The Company’s revenues are derived principally from interest earned on loans and investment securities, and, to a lesser extent, banking service charges, bank card interchange fees, gains on sales of loans and loan servicing income, loan late charges, increases in the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance, and other fee income.

Acquisitions During The Last Ten Years

On January 20, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of Citizens Bancshares, Co. (“Citizens”), the parent company of Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“Citizens Bank”). At closing, before purchase accounting adjustments, Citizens held total assets of $985.7 million, loans, net of $456.0 million, and deposits of $851.0 million. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $23.5 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from combining the operations of the Bank and Citizens Bank. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Company level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On February 25, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Fortune Financial, Inc. (“Fortune”), the parent company of FortuneBank (“FB”) in a stock and cash transaction. At closing, before purchase accounting adjustments, Fortune held total assets of $253.0 million, loans, net of $202.1 million, and deposits of $218.3 million. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $12.8 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from

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combining the operations of the Bank and FB. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Company level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On December 15, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the Cairo, Illinois, branch (“Cairo”) of First National Bank, Oldham, South Dakota. The deal resulted in Southern Bank relocating its facility from its prior location in Cairo to the First National Bank location in Cairo. The Company views the acquisition and updates to the new facility as an expression of its continuing commitment to the Cairo community. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $442,000, which was recorded at the Bank level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On May 22, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of Central Federal Bancshares, Inc. (“Central”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Central Federal Savings & Loan Association of Rolla (“Central Federal”), in an all-cash transaction. At closing, Central held total assets of $70.6 million, loans, net, of $51.4 million, and deposits of $46.7 million. The acquisition resulted in a bargain purchase gain of $123,000, while none of the purchase price was allocated to goodwill.

On November 21, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Gideon Bancshares Company (“Gideon”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, First Commercial Bank (“First Commercial”), in a stock and cash transaction. At closing, Gideon held total assets of $217 million, loans, net, of $144 million, and deposits of $171 million. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $1.0 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from combining the operations of the Bank and First Commercial. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Bank level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On February 23, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Southern Missouri Bancshares, Inc. (“Bancshares”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, Southern Missouri Bank of Marshfield (“SMB-Marshfield”), in a stock and cash transaction. SMB-Marshfield was merged into the Bank at acquisition. At closing, Bancshares held total assets of $86.2 million, loans, net, of $68.3 million, and deposits of $68.2 million. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $4.4 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from combining the operations of the Bank and SMB-Marshfield. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Company level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On June 16, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Tammcorp, Inc. (Tammcorp), and its subsidiary, Capaha Bank (Capaha), Tamms, Illinois, in a stock and cash transaction. Capaha was merged into the Bank at acquisition. At closing, Tammcorp held total assets of $187 million, loans, net, of $153 million, and deposits of $167 million. A Tammcorp note payable of $3.7 million was contractually required to be repaid in conjunction with the acquisition. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $4.1 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from combining the operations of the Bank and Capaha. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Company level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

On August 5, 2014, the Company completed its acquisition of Peoples Service Company (PSC) and its subsidiaries, Peoples Banking Company (PBC) and Peoples Bank of the Ozarks (Peoples), Nixa, Missouri, in a stock and cash transaction (the “Peoples Acquisition”). Peoples was merged into the Bank in early December, 2014, in connection with the conversion of Peoples’ data system. At closing, PSC held total assets of $267 million, loans, net, of $193 million, and deposits of $221 million. The Company acquired Peoples primarily for the purpose of expanding its commercial banking activities to markets where it believes the Company’s business model will perform well, and for the long-term value of its core deposit franchise. Notes payable of $2.9 million were contractually required to be repaid on the date of acquisition. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $3.0 million, which was attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected to result from combining the operations of the Bank and Peoples. Goodwill from this transaction was recorded at the Company level, and was not deductible for tax purposes.

The Company completed each of the above whole bank acquisitions primarily for the purpose of expanding its commercial banking activities where it believes the Company’s business model will perform well and for the long-term value of its core deposit franchise.

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Capital Raising Transactions

On June 20, 2017, the Company completed an at-the-market common stock issuance. A total of 794,762 shares of the Company’s common stock were sold at a weighted-average price of approximately $31.46 per share, representing gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $25.0 million. The proceeds from the transaction have been used for general corporate purposes, including working capital to support organic growth at Southern Bank, and to support acquisitions to the extent available.

On November 22, 2011, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 1,150,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $19.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $21.9 million. The proceeds from the offering have been used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of loan growth and the purchase of securities.

Forward Looking Statements

This document contains statements about the Company and its subsidiaries which we believe are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements with respect to anticipated future operating and financial performance, growth opportunities, interest rates, cost savings and funding advantages expected or anticipated to be realized by management. Words such as "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan" and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by the Company and its management are based on beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions of management and are not guarantees of future performance. The important factors we discuss below, as well as other factors discussed under the caption "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and identified in the filing and in our other filings with the SEC and those presented elsewhere by our management from time to time, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this document:

| ● | expected cost savings, synergies and other benefits from our merger and acquisition activities, including our recently completed acquisitions, might not be realized within the anticipated time frames, to the extent anticipated, or at all, and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention and labor shortages, might be greater than expected and goodwill impairment charges might be incurred;

| ● | potential adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company’s business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth;

| ● | the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations;

| ● | fluctuations in interest rates and inflation, including the effects of a potential recession whether caused by Federal Reserve actions or otherwise or slowed economic growth caused by changes in oil prices or supply chain disruptions;

| ● | the impact of monetary and fiscal policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and the U.S. Government and other governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry;

| ● | the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment;

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| ● | the risks of lending and investing activities, including changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans;

| ● | our ability to access cost-effective funding and maintain sufficient liquidity;

| ● | the timely development of and acceptance of our new products and services and the perceived overall value of these products and services by users, including the features, pricing and quality compared to competitors’ products and services;

| ● | fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate markets, as well as agricultural business conditions;

| ● | demand for loans and deposits;

| ● | the impact of a federal government shutdown;

| ● | legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business;

| ● | the effects of climate change, severe weather events, other natural disasters, war, terrorist activities or civil unrest and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates;

| ● | changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines;

| ● | results of examinations of us by our regulators, including the possibility that our regulators may, among other things, require an increase in our reserve for credit losses on loans or a write-down of assets;

| ● | the impact of technological changes and an inability to keep pace with the rate of technological advances;

| ● | cyber threats, such as phishing, ransomware, and insider attacks, can lead to financial loss, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties if sensitive customer data and critical infrastructure are not adequately protected; and

| ● | our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing.

Any forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made. The Company wishes to advise readers that the factors listed above and other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, those described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and other documents filed or furnished from time to time by the Company with the SEC (and are available on our website at www.bankwithsouthern.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov) could affect the Company’s financial performance and cause the Company’s actual results for future periods to differ materially from any opinions or statements expressed with respect to future periods in any current statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements discussed might not occur, and you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

Market Area

The Bank provides its customers with a full array of community banking services and conducts its business from its headquarters in Poplar Bluff, as well as 62 full service branch offices, three limited service branch offices, and two loan production offices, as of June 30, 2024. The branch offices are located in Poplar Bluff (4), Van Buren, Dexter (2), Kennett, Doniphan, Sikeston, Qulin, Springfield (3), Thayer (2), West Plains (2), Alton, Clever, Forsyth, Fremont

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Hills, Kimberling City, Ozark, Nixa, Rogersville, Marshfield, Cape Girardeau (2), Jackson, Gideon, Chaffee, Benton, Advance, Bloomfield, Essex, Rolla, Arnold, Oakville, Kansas City (2), Kearney, Lee’s Summit, Macon, Maryville, Boonville, Brookfield, Chillicothe (2), Smithville, St. Joseph (2), and Trenton, Missouri; Jonesboro (2), Paragould, Batesville, Searcy, Bald Knob, Bradford, and Cabot, Arkansas; Anna, Cairo, and Tamms, Illinois; and Leawood, Kansas. In January 2023, the Company completed a merger with Citizens adding fourteen branches in markets in Missouri and Kansas, including the Kansas City and St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). In fiscal 2024, the bank relocated two loan production offices in Lee’s Summit, Missouri, and Overland Park, Kansas.

For purposes of management and oversight of its operations, the Bank has organized its facilities into five regional markets. The Bank’s east region includes 24 of its facilities, one of which is limited service, which are situated in Butler, Cape Girardeau, Carter, New Madrid, Ripley, Scott, and Stoddard counties in Missouri, and Alexander and Union counties in Illinois. These counties have a total population of approximately 244,000, and included within this market area is the Cape Girardeau MSA, which has a population of approximately 98,000. At June 30, 2024 the Bank’s south region includes 13 of its facilities, one of which is limited service, which are situated in Dunklin, Howell, and Oregon counties in Missouri, and Craighead, Greene, Independence, Lonoke, and White counties in Arkansas. These counties have a total population of approximately 430,000, and included within this market area is the Jonesboro MSA, which has a population of approximately 136,000. The Cabot, Arkansas, branch in Lonoke County, is located in the northeast corner of the Little Rock MSA, which has a population of approximately 764,000. The Bank’s west region includes 12 of its facilities, which are situated in Christian, Greene, Phelps, Stone, Taney, and Webster counties in Missouri. These counties have a total population of approximately 575,000, and included within this market area is the Springfield MSA, which has a population of approximately 491,000. The Bank’s north region includes two of its facilities, which are situated in Jefferson and St. Louis counties. The market area also includes the City of St. Louis. The two counties and the City of St. Louis have a total population of approximately 1.5 million. The north region market area is within the St. Louis MSA, which has a population of approximately 2.8 million. The Bank’s northwest region includes 15 of its facilities, one of which is limited service, which are situated in Buchanan, Clay, Cooper, Grundy, Jackson, Linn, Livingston, Macon, Nodaway, and Platte counties in Missouri, and Johnson county in Kansas. These counties have a total population of approximately 1.3 million, and some counties in this market area are located within the Kansas City MSA, or the St. Joseph MSA, which has a combined population of approximately 2.3 million. Each of these markets may also serve other communities just outside the area described, but without a notable impact on the demographics of the market area.

The Bank’s east and south regions, and part of the northwest region. are generally rural in nature with economies supported by manufacturing activity, agriculture (livestock, dairy, poultry, rice, timber, soybeans, wheat, melons, corn, and cotton), healthcare, and education. Large employers include hospitals, manufacturers, school districts, and colleges. In the west region, the Bank’s operations are generally more concentrated in the Springfield, Missouri, MSA, and major employers include healthcare providers, educational institutions, federal, local, and state government, retailers, transportation and distribution firms, and leisure, entertainment, and hospitality interests. In the north region, major employers include aviation and transportation, healthcare providers, medical research, educational institutions, retailers, manufacturers, energy/utilities, and hospitality. In the portion of the northwest region within the Kansas City MSA, major employers include healthcare providers, manufacturers, medical research, educational institutions, retailers, and hospitality. For purposes of the Bank’s lending policy, the Bank’s primary lending area is considered to be the counties where the Bank has a branch facility, and any contiguous county.

Competition

The Bank faces strong competition in attracting deposits (its primary source of lendable funds) and originating loans. The most recent market share data by the FDIC reflected that the Bank was one of 265 bank or saving association groups located in Missouri competing for approximately $250.0 billion in deposits at FDIC-insured institutions. The Bank’s market share was approximately 1.29% in the state of Missouri, where the majority of our deposits reside amongst the 55 locations in the state.

Competitors for deposits include commercial banks, credit unions, digital payment applications, money market funds, and other investment alternatives, such as mutual funds, full service and discount broker-dealers, equity markets, brokerage accounts and government securities. The Bank’s competition for loans comes principally from other financial

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institutions, mortgage banking companies, mortgage brokers and life insurance companies. The Bank expects competition to continue to increase in the future as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes within the financial services industry. Technological advances, for example, have lowered barriers to market entry, allowed banks to expand their geographic reach by providing services over the Internet and made it possible for non-depository institutions to offer products and services that traditionally have been provided by banks. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which permits affiliation among banks, securities firms and insurance companies, also has changed the competitive environment in which the Bank conducts business.

Lending Activities

General. The Bank’s lending activities consist of originating loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family and multi-family residential real estate, commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans, and consumer loans. The Bank has also occasionally purchased loan participation interests originated by other lenders. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had purchased participation interests in 71 loans with balances outstanding totaling $178.5 million.

Supervision of the loan portfolio is the responsibility of our Chief Lending Officer, Rick Windes, Regional President Justin Cox, and our Chief Credit Officer, Mark Hecker (our “Senior Lending and Credit Officers”). The Chief Lending Officer and Regional President are responsible for oversight of loan production. The Chief Credit Officer is responsible for oversight of underwriting, loan policy, and administration. Loan officers have varying amounts of lending authority depending upon experience and types of loans. Loans beyond their authority are presented to the next level of authority, which may include one of five Regional Loan Committees, the Senior Loan Committee, an Agricultural Loan Committee, a Senior Agricultural Loan Committee, an SBA Loan Committee, or a Bank Executive Loan Committee.

The Regional Loan Committees each consists of one director appointed by the Board of Directors and lenders selected by our Senior Lending and Credit Officers, and is authorized to approve lending relationships up to $4.0 million. The Senior Loan Committee consists of our Senior Lending and Credit Officers and lenders selected by them that have a higher level of lending experience. The Senior Loan Committee is authorized to approve lending relationships up to $10.0 million. The Bank’s Agricultural Loan Committee consists of several lending officers with agricultural lending experience selected by our Senior Lending and Credit Officers, and is authorized to approve agricultural lending relationships up to $4.0 million. The Senior Agricultural Loan Committee is authorized to approve agricultural lending relationships up to $10.0 million and consists of our Chief Credit Officer, as well as several senior lending officers with agricultural lending experience selected by our Senior Lending and Credit Officers. The Bank Executive Loan Committee consists of our Senior Lending and Credit Officers, plus our Chairman/CEO and our President/Chief Administrative Officer.

In addition to the approval of the Senior Loan Committee or the Bank Executive Loan Committee, lending relationships in excess of $10.0 million require the approval of the Directors’ Loan Committee, which is comprised of all Bank directors. All loans are subject to ratification by the full Board of Directors.

The aggregate amount of loans that the Bank is permitted to make under applicable federal regulations to any one borrower, including related entities, or the aggregate amount that the Bank could have invested in any one real estate project, is based on the Bank’s capital levels. At June 30, 2024, the maximum amount which the Bank could lend to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was approximately $126.4 million. At June 30, 2024, the Bank’s ten largest credit relationships, as defined by loan to one borrower limitations, ranged from $27.3 million to $76.8 million, net of participation interests sold. As of June 30, 2024, the majority of these credits were commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, or commercial business loans, and all of these relationships were performing in accordance with their terms.

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Loan Portfolio Analysis. The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio by type of loan and type of security as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 |
​ |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) |
Type of Loan: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mortgage Loans: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 1,185,692 |  | 31.22 | % | $ | 1,133,417 |  | 29.85 | % | $ | 904,160 |  | 33.66 | % | $ | 721,216 |  | 32.78 | % | $ | 627,357 |  | 29.29 | %
Commercial real estate (1) | ​ |  | 1,622,365 |  | 42.72 | ​ |  | 1,562,379 |  | 41.14 | ​ |  | 1,146,673 |  | 42.69 | ​ |  | 889,793 |  | 40.44 | ​ |  | 887,419 |  | 41.43 | ​
Construction | ​ |  | 438,134 |  | 11.55 | ​ |  | 550,052 |  | 14.49 | ​ |  | 258,072 |  | 9.61 | ​ |  | 208,824 |  | 9.49 | ​ |  | 185,924 |  | 8.68 | ​
Total mortgage loans | ​ |  | 3,246,191 |  | 85.49 | ​ |  | 3,245,848 |  | 85.48 | ​ |  | 2,308,905 |  | 85.96 | ​ |  | 1,819,833 |  | 82.71 | ​ |  | 1,700,700 |  | 79.40 | ​
Other Loans: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Automobile loans | ​ |  | 22,546 |  | 0.59 | ​ |  | 21,761 |  | 0.57 | ​ |  | 17,316 |  | 0.64 | ​ |  | 15,146 |  | 0.69 | ​ |  | 12,084 |  | 0.56 | ​
Commercial business (2) (3) | ​ |  | 668,292 |  | 17.60 | ​ |  | 599,030 |  | 15.78 | ​ |  | 441,598 |  | 16.44 | ​ |  | 414,124 |  | 18.82 | ​ |  | 468,448 |  | 21.87 | ​
Home equity | ​ |  | 73,053 |  | 1.92 | ​ |  | 65,053 |  | 1.71 | ​ |  | 45,460 |  | 1.69 | ​ |  | 37,783 |  | 1.72 | ​ |  | 43,149 |  | 2.01 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 48,999 |  | 1.30 | ​ |  | 46,701 |  | 1.24 | ​ |  | 30,220 |  | 1.13 | ​ |  | 24,745 |  | 1.12 | ​ |  | 25,534 |  | 1.20 | ​
Total other loans | ​ |  | 812,890 |  | 21.41 | ​ |  | 732,545 |  | 19.30 | ​ |  | 534,594 |  | 19.90 | ​ |  | 491,798 |  | 22.35 | ​ |  | 549,215 |  | 25.64 | ​
Total loans | ​ |  | 4,059,081 |  | 106.90 | ​ |  | 3,978,393 |  | 104.78 | ​ |  | 2,843,499 |  | 105.86 | ​ |  | 2,311,631 |  | 105.06 | ​ |  | 2,249,915 |  | 105.04 | ​
Less: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Unfunded commitments on construction loans | ​ |  | 209,046 |  | 5.51 | ​ |  | 359,196 |  | 9.46 | ​ |  | 123,656 |  | 4.60 | ​ |  | 74,540 |  | 3.39 | ​ |  | 78,452 |  | 3.66 | ​
Deferred fees and discounts | ​ |  | 232 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 299 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 453 |  | 0.02 | ​ |  | 3,625 |  | 0.16 | ​ |  | 4,395 |  | 0 | ​
Allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | 52,516 |  | 1.38 | ​ |  | 47,820 |  | 1.26 | ​ |  | 33,192 |  | 1.24 | ​ |  | 33,222 |  | 1.51 | ​ |  | 25,139 |  | 1.17 | ​
Net loans receivable | ​ | $ | 3,797,287 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 3,571,078 |  | 94.05 | % | $ | 2,686,198 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,200,244 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,141,929 |  | 100.00 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Type of Security: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
One-to four-family | ​ | $ | 907,915 |  | 23.91 | % | $ | 865,144 |  | 22.78 | % | $ | 690,478 |  | 25.71 | % | $ | 526,208 |  | 23.92 | % | $ | 482,009 |  | 22.50 | %
Multi-family | ​ |  | 619,094 |  | 16.30 | ​ |  | 648,697 |  | 17.08 | ​ |  | 376,854 |  | 14.03 | ​ |  | 359,200 |  | 16.33 | ​ |  | 286,654 |  | 13.38 | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 1,425,104 |  | 37.53 | ​ |  | 1,431,166 |  | 37.69 | ​ |  | 975,100 |  | 36.30 | ​ |  | 701,438 |  | 31.88 | ​ |  | 688,145 |  | 32.13 | ​
Land | ​ |  | 294,077 |  | 7.74 | ​ |  | 300,841 |  | 7.92 | ​ |  | 266,472 |  | 9.92 | ​ |  | 232,987 |  | 10.59 | ​ |  | 243,892 |  | 11.39 | ​
Commercial | ​ |  | 668,292 |  | 17.60 | ​ |  | 599,030 |  | 15.78 | ​ |  | 441,598 |  | 16.44 | ​ |  | 414,124 |  | 18.82 | ​ |  | 468,448 |  | 21.88 | ​
Consumer and other | ​ |  | 144,599 |  | 3.82 | ​ |  | 133,515 |  | 3.52 | ​ |  | 92,997 |  | 3.46 | ​ |  | 77,674 |  | 3.52 | ​ |  | 80,767 |  | 3.77 | ​
Total loans | ​ |  | 4,059,081 | ​ | 106.90 | ​ | ​ | 3,978,393 | ​ | 104.77 | ​ | ​ | 2,843,499 | ​ | 105.86 | ​ | ​ | 2,311,631 | ​ | 105.06 | ​ | ​ | 2,249,915 | ​ | 105.04 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Unfunded commitments on construction loans | ​ |  | 209,046 |  | 5.51 | ​ |  | 359,196 |  | 9.46 | ​ |  | 123,656 |  | 4.60 | ​ |  | 74,540 |  | 3.39 | ​ |  | 78,452 |  | 3.66 | ​
Deferred fees and discounts | ​ |  | 232 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 299 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 453 |  | 0.02 | ​ |  | 3,625 |  | 0.16 | ​ |  | 4,395 |  | 0.21 | ​
Allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | 52,516 |  | 1.38 | ​ |  | 47,820 |  | 1.26 | ​ |  | 33,192 |  | 1.24 | ​ |  | 33,222 |  | 1.51 | ​ |  | 25,139 |  | 1.17 | ​
Net loans receivable | ​ | $ | 3,797,287 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 3,571,078 |  | 94.04 | % | $ | 2,686,198 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,200,244 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,141,929 |  | 100.00 | %

(1) | Commercial real estate loan balances included farmland and other agricultural-related real estate loans of $232.5 million, $238.1 million, $213.1 million, $180.6 million, and $185.3 million, as of June 30, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

(2) | Commercial business loan balances included agricultural equipment and production loans of $176.0 million, $138.3 million, $110.3 million, $104.9 million, and $100.3 million, as of June 30, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

(3) | Commercial business loan balances included PPP loans of $433,000, $601,000, $3.1 million, $63.0 million and $132.3 million as of June 30, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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The following table shows the fixed and adjustable rate composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio at the dates indicated.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 |
​ |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent |
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
Type of Loan: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fixed-Rate Loans: |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 916,546 |  | 24.14 | % | $ | 921,251 |  | 25.80 | % | $ | 774,159 |  | 28.82 | % | $ | 556,360 |  | 25.29 | % | $ | 407,437 |  | 19.02 | %
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 1,314,620 |  | 34.62 | ​ |  | 1,293,868 |  | 36.23 | ​ |  | 986,199 |  | 36.72 | ​ |  | 743,976 |  | 33.81 | ​ |  | 725,830 |  | 33.89 | ​
Construction | ​ |  | 360,234 |  | 9.49 | ​ |  | 485,516 |  | 13.60 | ​ |  | 241,159 |  | 8.98 | ​ |  | 202,309 |  | 9.19 | ​ |  | 183,214 |  | 8.55 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 59,600 |  | 1.57 | ​ |  | 59,348 |  | 1.66 | ​ |  | 44,698 |  | 1.66 | ​ |  | 37,045 |  | 1.68 | ​ |  | 35,139 |  | 1.64 | ​
Commercial business | ​ |  | 371,850 |  | 9.79 | ​ |  | 347,226 |  | 9.72 | ​ |  | 277,617 |  | 10.34 | ​ |  | 303,996 |  | 13.82 | ​ |  | 365,219 |  | 17.05 | ​
Total fixed-rate loans | ​ |  | 3,022,850 |  | 79.61 | ​ |  | 3,107,209 |  | 87.01 | ​ |  | 2,323,832 |  | 86.52 | ​ |  | 1,843,686 |  | 83.79 | ​ |  | 1,716,839 |  | 80.15 | ​
Adjustable-Rate Loans: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ |  | 269,146 |  | 7.09 | ​ |  | 212,166 |  | 5.94 | ​ |  | 130,001 |  | 4.84 | ​ |  | 164,856 |  | 7.49 | ​ |  | 219,920 |  | 10.27 | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 307,745 |  | 8.10 | ​ |  | 268,511 |  | 7.52 | ​ |  | 160,474 |  | 5.97 | ​ |  | 145,817 |  | 6.63 | ​ |  | 161,589 |  | 7.54 | ​
Construction | ​ |  | 77,900 |  | 2.05 | ​ |  | 64,536 |  | 1.81 | ​ |  | 16,913 |  | 0.63 | ​ |  | 6,515 |  | 0.30 | ​ |  | 2,710 |  | 0.13 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 84,998 |  | 2.24 | ​ |  | 74,167 |  | 2.08 | ​ |  | 48,298 |  | 1.80 | ​ |  | 40,629 |  | 1.84 | ​ |  | 45,628 |  | 2.13 | ​
Commercial business | ​ |  | 296,442 |  | 7.81 | ​ |  | 251,804 |  | 7.05 | ​ |  | 163,981 |  | 6.10 | ​ |  | 110,128 |  | 5.01 | ​ |  | 103,229 |  | 4.82 | ​
Total adjustable-rate loans | ​ |  | 1,036,231 |  | 27.29 | ​ |  | 871,184 |  | 24.40 | ​ |  | 519,667 |  | 19.34 | ​ |  | 467,945 |  | 21.27 | ​ |  | 533,076 |  | 24.89 | ​
Total loans | ​ |  | 4,059,081 |  | 106.90 | ​ |  | 3,978,393 |  | 111.41 | ​ |  | 2,843,499 |  | 105.86 | ​ |  | 2,311,631 |  | 105.06 | ​ |  | 2,249,915 |  | 105.04 | ​
Less: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Unfunded commitments on construction loans | ​ |  | 209,046 |  | 5.51 | ​ |  | 359,196 |  | 10.06 | ​ |  | 123,656 |  | 4.60 | ​ |  | 74,540 |  | 3.39 | ​ |  | 78,452 |  | 3.66 | ​
Deferred fees and discounts | ​ |  | 232 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 299 |  | 0.01 | ​ |  | 453 |  | 0.02 | ​ |  | 3,625 |  | 0.16 | ​ |  | 4,395 |  | 0 | ​
Allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | 52,516 |  | 1.38 | ​ |  | 47,820 |  | 1.34 | ​ |  | 33,192 |  | 1.24 | ​ |  | 33,222 |  | 1.51 | ​ |  | 25,139 |  | 1.17 | ​
Net loans receivable | ​ | $ | 3,797,287 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 3,571,078 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,686,198 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,200,244 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 2,141,929 |  | 100.00 | %

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Residential Mortgage Lending. The Bank actively originates loans for the acquisition or refinance of one- to four-family residences. These loans are originated as a result of customer and real estate agent referrals, existing and walk-in customers, and from responses to the Bank’s marketing campaigns. At June 30, 2024, residential loans secured by one- to four-family residences totaled $907.9 million, or 23.9% of net loans receivable.

The Bank currently offers both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Bank originated $49.4 million of ARM loans and $97.6 million of fixed-rate loans that were secured by one- to four-family residences, for retention in the Bank’s portfolio. An additional $21.9 million in fixed-rate one- to four-family residential loans were originated for sale on the secondary market. Substantially all of the one- to four-family residential mortgage originations in the Bank’s portfolio are secured by property located within the Bank’s market area. Fixed rate one- to four- family loans represented 77.3% of the one- to four- family portfolio with a weighted average maturity of 14.7 years.

The Bank generally originates one- to four-family residential mortgage loans for retention in its portfolio in amounts up to 90% of the lower of the purchase price or appraised value of residential property. For loans originated in excess of 80% loan-to-value, the Bank generally charges an additional 25-75 basis points, but does not require private mortgage insurance. At June 30, 2024, the outstanding balance of loans originated with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 80% was $142.9 million. For fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, originations of one- to four-family loans in excess of 80% loan-to-value have totaled $28.3 million, $27.3 million, $50.8 million, $52.2 million, and $45.9 million, respectively, totaling $204.5 million. The outstanding balance of those loans originated in the last five years at June 30, 2024, was $122.4 million. Originating loans with higher loan-to-value ratios presents additional credit risk to the Bank. Consequently, the Bank limits this product to borrowers with a favorable credit history and a demonstrable ability to service the debt. The majority of new residential mortgage loans originated by the Bank for retention in its portfolio conform to secondary market underwriting standards; however, documentation of loan files may not be adequate to allow for immediate sale. The interest rates charged on these loans are competitively priced based on local market conditions, the availability of funding, and anticipated profit margins. Fixed and ARM loans originated by the Bank are amortized over periods as long as 30 years, but typically are repaid over shorter periods.

Fixed-rate loans secured by one- to four-family residences have contractual maturities up to 30 years, and are generally fully amortizing with payments due monthly. These loans normally remain outstanding for a substantially shorter period of time because of refinancing and other prepayments. A significant change in the interest rate environment can alter the average life of a residential loan portfolio. The one- to four-family fixed-rate loans do not

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contain prepayment penalties. At June 30, 2024, one- to four-family loans with a fixed rate totaled $622.1 million and had a weighted-average maturity of 176 months.

The Bank also originates one- to four-family ARM loans, which adjust annually, after an initial period of one to seven years. Typically, originated ARM loans secured by owner occupied properties reprice at a margin of 2.75% to 3.00% over the weekly average yield on United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year (“CMT”). Generally, ARM loans secured by non-owner occupied residential properties are tied to the Wall Street Journal prime rate. Owner occupied residential ARM loan originations are subject to annual and lifetime interest rate caps and floors. As a consequence of using interest rate caps, initial rates which may be at a premium or discount, and a "CMT" loan index, the interest earned on the Bank’s ARMs will react differently to changing interest rates than the Bank’s cost of funds. At June 30, 2024, one- to four-family loans tied to the CMT index totaled $103.4 million. One- to four-family loans tied to other indices totaled $79.2 million.

In underwriting one- to four-family residential real estate loans, the Bank evaluates the borrower’s ability to meet debt service requirements at current as well as fully indexed rates for ARM loans, and the value of the property securing the loan. Most properties securing real estate loans made by the Bank during fiscal 2024 had appraisals performed on them by independent fee appraisers approved and qualified by the Board of Directors. The Bank generally requires borrowers to obtain title insurance and fire, property and flood insurance (if indicated) in an amount not less than the amount of the loan. Real estate loans originated by the Bank generally contain a "due on sale" clause allowing the Bank to declare the unpaid principal balance due and payable upon the sale of the security property.

The Bank also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary market area, but made to borrowers who operate within the primary market area. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $384.7 million, or 10.1% of net loans receivable, in multi-family residential real estate. Fixed rate loans secured by multi-family residential properties represented 77.5% of the multi-family residential property portfolio with a weighted average maturity of 6.5 years. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Bank are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Bank to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in variable-rate loan agreements. Variable rate loans typically adjust daily, monthly, quarterly or annually based on the Wall Street prime interest rate. Generally, multi-family residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. The Bank generally requires a Board-approved independent certified fee appraiser to be engaged in determining the collateral value. As a general rule, the Bank requires the unlimited guaranty of all individuals (or entities) owning (directly or indirectly) 20% or more of the borrowing entity.

The primary risk associated with multi-family loans is the ability of the income-producing property that collateralizes the loan to produce adequate cash flow to service the debt. High unemployment or generally weak economic conditions may result in borrowers having to provide rental rate concessions to achieve adequate occupancy rates. In an effort to reduce these risks, the Bank evaluates the guarantor’s ability to inject personal funds as a tertiary source of repayment.

Commercial Real Estate Lending. The Bank actively originates loans secured by commercial real estate including farmland, single- and multi-tenant retail properties, restaurants, hotels, nursing homes and other healthcare related facilities, land (improved and unimproved), convenience stores, automobile dealerships, and other automotive-related services, warehouses and distribution centers, and other businesses generally located in the Bank’s market area. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $1.6 billion in commercial real estate loans, which represented 42.7% of net loans receivable. Of this amount, $232.5 million were loans secured by agricultural properties. Also included in commercial real estate were $25.1 million of non-owner occupied office property, comprised of 35 loans, representing 0.65% of total loans as of June 30, 2024. Notably, none of these loans were adversely classified as of that date, and they generally consist of smaller spaces with diverse tenant bases. In addition, the multifamily residential real estate loan portfolio included in commercial real estate typically includes loans secured by properties currently participating in the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program or those that have exited the program. The company continues to closely monitor its commercial real estate concentration and the performance of individual segments to manage risk effectively. The Bank expects to maintain, and may increase, the percentage of commercial real estate loans, inclusive of agricultural

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properties, in its total portfolio. Fixed rate commercial real estate loans represented 81.0% of the commercial real estate portfolio with a weighted average maturity of 4.4 years.

Commercial real estate loans originated by the Bank are generally based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, these loans have fixed interest rates and maturities ranging up to ten years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually, based on the Wall Street Journal prime rate, after an initial fixed-rate period up to seven years. The Bank typically includes an interest rate "floor" in the loan agreement. Generally, loans for improved commercial properties do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio. Agricultural real estate loans generally require annual, instead of monthly, payments. Before credit is extended, the Bank analyzes the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history, and the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the property and the value of the property itself. Generally, personal guarantees are obtained from the borrower in addition to obtaining the secured property as collateral for such loans. The Bank also generally requires appraisals on properties securing commercial real estate to be performed by a Board-approved independent certified fee appraiser.

Generally, loans secured by commercial real estate involve a greater degree of credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. These loans typically involve large balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the secured property, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. See "Asset Quality."

Construction Lending. The Bank originates real estate loans secured by property or land that is under construction or development. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $438.1 million, or 11.5% of net loans receivable in construction loans outstanding and unfunded commitments on construction loans.

Construction loans originated by the Bank are generally secured by mortgage loans for the construction of owner occupied residential real estate or to finance speculative construction secured by residential real estate, land development, or owner-occupied or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. At June 30, 2024, $106.9 million of the Bank’s construction loans outstanding and unfunded commitments on construction loans were secured by one- to four-family residential real estate, $234.4 million were secured by multi-family residential real estate, and $96.8 million were secured by commercial real estate. During construction, these loans typically require monthly interest-only payments with single-family residential construction loans maturing in nine to twelve months, while multi-family or commercial construction loans typically mature in 12 to 36 months. Once construction is completed, construction loans may be converted to permanent financing, generally with monthly payments using amortization schedules of up to 30 years on residential and up to 25 years on commercial real estate.

Speculative construction and land development lending generally affords the Bank an opportunity to receive higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to maturity than those obtainable from residential lending. Nevertheless, construction and land development lending is generally considered to involve a higher level of credit risk than one- to four-family residential lending due to (i) the concentration of principal among relatively few borrowers and development projects, (ii) the increased difficulty at the time the loan is made of accurately estimating building or development costs and the selling price of the finished product, (iii) the increased difficulty and costs of monitoring and disbursing funds for the loan, (iv) the higher degree of sensitivity to increases in market rates of interest and changes in local economic conditions, and (v) the increased difficulty of working out problem loans. Due in part to these risk factors, the Bank may be required from time to time to modify or extend the terms of some of these types of loans. In an effort to reduce these risks, the application process includes a submission to the Bank of accurate plans, specifications and costs of the project to be constructed. These items are also used as a basis to determine the appraised value of the subject property. Loan amounts are generally limited to 80% of the lesser of current appraised value and/or the cost of construction.

At June 30, 2024, construction loans outstanding included 48 loans, totaling $22.0 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. At June 30, 2023, construction loans outstanding included 53 loans, totaling $33.4 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. In general, these modifications were solely for the purpose of

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extending the maturity date due to conditions described above, pursuant to the Company’s normal underwriting and monitoring procedures. As these modifications were not executed due to financial difficulty on the part of the borrower, they were not accounted for as modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Consumer Lending. The Bank offers a variety of secured consumer loans, including: home equity, automobile, second mortgage, mobile home and deposit-secured loans. The Bank originates substantially all of its consumer loans in its primary market area. Generally, consumer loans are originated with fixed rates for terms of up to approximately 66 months, with the exception of home equity lines of credit, which are variable, tied to the prime rate of interest, and are for a period of ten years. At June 30, 2024, the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio totaled $144.6 million, or 3.8% of net loans receivable.

Home equity loans represented 50.5% of the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio at June 30, 2024, and totaled $73.1 million, or 1.9% of net loans receivable.

Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust or mortgage and are generally issued for up to 90% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage. Interest rates on HELOCs are adjustable and are tied to the current prime interest rate, generally with an interest rate floor in the loan agreement. This rate is obtained from the Wall Street Journal and adjusts on a daily basis. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity. HELOCs are secured by residential properties, which is generally considered to be stronger collateral than that securing other consumer loans. In addition, because of the adjustable rate structure, HELOCs present less interest rate risk to the Bank.

Consumer loans for the purchase of automobiles represented 15.6% of the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio at June 30, 2024, and totaled $22.5 million, or 0.6% of net loans receivable. Of that total, an immaterial amount was originated by auto dealers. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 66 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle.

Consumer loan rates and terms vary according to the type of collateral, length of contract and creditworthiness of the borrower, which is evaluated using credit scoring. Consumers with additional qualifying Bank products are eligible for additional pricing discounts. The underwriting standards employed for consumer loans include employment stability, a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts, and an assessment of ability to meet existing and proposed obligations. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the security, if any, in relation to the proposed loan amount.

Consumer loans may entail greater credit risk than do residential mortgage loans, because they are generally unsecured or are secured by rapidly depreciable or mobile assets, such as automobiles. In the event of repossession or default, there may be no secondary source of repayment or the underlying value of the collateral could be insufficient to repay the loan. In addition, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans. The Bank’s delinquency levels for these types of loans are reflective of these risks. See "Asset Classification."

Commercial Business Lending. The Bank’s commercial business lending activities encompass loans with a variety of purposes and security, including loans to finance accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and operating lines of credit. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $668.3 million in commercial business loans outstanding, or 17.6% of net loans receivable. Of this amount, $176.0 million were loans related to agriculture, including amortizing equipment loans and annual production lines. The Bank expects to maintain, and may increase, the percentage of commercial business loans in its total loan portfolio.

The Bank currently offers both fixed and adjustable rate commercial business loans. At fiscal year end, fixed rate commercial loans represented 55.6% of the commercial loan portfolio with a weighted average maturity of 2.3

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years. The adjustable rate business loans typically reprice daily, monthly, quarterly, or annually, in accordance with the Wall Street prime rate of interest. The Bank typically includes an interest rate "floor" in the loan agreement.

Commercial business loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral, length of contract and creditworthiness of the borrower. Generally, commercial loans secured by fixed assets are amortized over periods up to five years, while commercial operating lines of credit or agricultural production lines are generally for a one year period. The Bank’s commercial business loans are evaluated based on the loan application, a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts, business stability and an assessment of ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, in relation to the proposed loan amount.

Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment and other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial business loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Further, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.

Small Business Administration (SBA) Lending. The Bank’s commercial and construction business lending activity includes some loans guaranteed by the SBA. In fiscal 2024, $1.4 million in originations was guaranteed by the SBA, and as of June 30, 2024, the Company held balances of $14.4 million in its portfolio representing the unguaranteed portion of SBA loans it had originated. The Company had sold and was servicing $49.8 million of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans as of June 30, 2024.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments, Including Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. The following table discloses our fixed and determinable contractual obligations and commercial commitments by payment date as of June 30, 2024. Commitments to extend credit totaled $898.6 million at June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less Than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | More Than |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 1 Year | ​ | 1-3 Years | ​ | 4-5 Years | ​ | 5 Years | ​ | Total
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ | $ | 7,995 | ​ | $ | 54,055 | ​ | $ | 40,000 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 102,050
Certificates of deposit | ​ |  | 1,082,571 | ​ |  | 166,217 | ​ |  | 95,921 | ​ |  | 95 | ​ |  | 1,344,804
Total | ​ | $ | 1,090,566 | ​ | $ | 220,272 | ​ | $ | 135,921 | ​ | $ | 95 | ​ | $ | 1,446,854

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less Than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | More Than |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 1 Year | ​ | 1-3 Years | ​ | 4-5 Years | ​ | 5 Years | ​ | Total
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Construction unfunded commitments | ​ | $ | 60,398 | ​ | $ | 99,952 | ​ | $ | 45,751 | ​ | $ | 2,945 | ​ | $ | 209,046
Other loan commitments | ​ |  | 532,242 | ​ |  | 65,520 | ​ |  | 22,054 | ​ |  | 69,752 | ​ |  | 689,568
​ | ​ | $ | 592,640 | ​ | $ | 165,472 | ​ | $ | 67,805 | ​ | $ | 72,697 | ​ | $ | 898,614

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Loan Maturity and Repricing

The following table sets forth certain information at June 30, 2024, regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing or repricing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity or repricing, but does not include scheduled payments or potential prepayments. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less. Mortgage loans that have adjustable rates are shown as maturing at their next repricing date. Listed loan balances are shown before deductions for undisbursed loan proceeds, unearned discounts, unearned income and allowance for credit losses.

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After | ​ | After | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | One Year | ​ | 5 Years | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Within |  | Through |  | Through |  | After |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | One Year | ​ | 5 Years | ​ | 15 Years | ​ | 15 Years | ​ | Total
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 179,314 | ​ | $ | 348,162 | ​ | $ | 377,889 | ​ | $ | 280,327 | ​ | $ | 1,185,692
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 321,479 | ​ |  | 899,050 | ​ |  | 387,047 | ​ |  | 14,789 | ​ |  | 1,622,365
Construction | ​ | ​ | 358,388 | ​ | ​ | 79,746 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 438,134
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 92,944 | ​ | ​ | 47,109 | ​ | ​ | 4,231 | ​ | ​ | 314 | ​ | ​ | 144,598
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 415,250 | ​ | ​ | 222,183 | ​ | ​ | 28,806 | ​ | ​ | 2,053 | ​ | ​ | 668,292
Total loans | ​ | $ | 1,367,375 | ​ | $ | 1,596,250 | ​ | $ | 797,973 | ​ | $ | 297,483 | ​ | $ | 4,059,081

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As of June 30, 2024, loans with a maturity date after June 30, 2025, with fixed interest rates totaled $2.4 billion, and loans with a maturity date after June 30, 2025, with adjustable rates totaled $288.4 million.

Loan Originations, Sales and Purchases

Generally, loans are originated by the Bank’s staff, who are salaried loan officers. All loan officers are eligible for bonuses based on production, market performance, and credit quality. Certain lenders, in particular those originating higher volume of residential loans for sale on the secondary market, may earn a relatively higher percentage of their total compensation through bonuses. Loans are originated both to be held for investment and to be sold into the secondary market. Loan applications are generally taken and processed at each of the Bank’s full-service locations and online for single-family residential loans.

While the Bank originates both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans, the ability to originate loans is dependent upon the relative customer demand for loans in its market. In fiscal 2024, the Bank originated $917.3 million of loans, compared to $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, in fiscal 2023 and 2022. Of these loans, mortgage loan originations were $691.5 million, $1.0 billion, and $970.1 million in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Increases in originations over recent periods is attributed to increased lending activity, increased borrower refinancing, and an expanded market area and customer base following recent mergers.

From time to time, the Bank has purchased loan participations consistent with its loan underwriting standards. During fiscal 2024, the Bank committed to purchase $29.8 million of new loan participations. At June 30, 2024, outstanding balances on loan participations purchased totaled $178.5 million, or 4.7% of net loans receivable. An additional $97.7 million is available to be drawn on these purchased participation loans. At June 30, 2024, all of these participations were performing in accordance with their respective terms. The Bank evaluates additional loan participations on an ongoing basis, based in part on local loan demand, liquidity, portfolio and capital levels.

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The following table shows total loans originated, purchased, sold and repaid during the periods indicated.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended June 30,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Total loans at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 3,978,393 | ​ | $ | 2,843,499 | ​ | $ | 2,311,631
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Loans originated: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
One- to four-family residential | ​ | ​ | 168,809 | ​ | ​ | 185,579 | ​ | ​ | 284,794
Multi-family residential and commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 222,973 | ​ | ​ | 577,243 | ​ | ​ | 520,168
Construction loans | ​ | ​ | 299,755 | ​ | ​ | 244,833 | ​ | ​ | 165,176
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 187,213 | ​ | ​ | 193,990 | ​ | ​ | 123,993
Consumer and others | ​ | ​ | 38,597 | ​ | ​ | 43,400 | ​ | ​ | 36,624
Total loans originated | ​ | ​ | 917,347 | ​ | ​ | 1,245,045 | ​ | ​ | 1,130,755
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans purchased: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total loans purchased (1) (2) | ​ | ​ | 126,192 | ​ | ​ | 511,605 | ​ | ​ | 253,785
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans sold: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total loans sold | ​ | ​ | (61,605) | ​ | ​ | (85,320) | ​ | ​ | (57,355)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Principal repayments | ​ | ​ | (792,667) | ​ | ​ | (466,010) | ​ | ​ | (717,874)
Participation principal repayments | ​ | ​ | (107,203) | ​ | ​ | (69,353) | ​ | ​ | (77,260)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreclosures | ​ | ​ | (1,376) | ​ | ​ | (1,073) | ​ | ​ | (183)
Net loan activity | ​ | ​ | 80,688 | ​ | ​ | 1,134,894 | ​ | ​ | 531,868
Total loans at end of period | ​ | $ | 4,059,081 | ​ | $ | 3,978,393 | ​ | $ | 2,843,499

​

(1) | Amount reported in fiscal 2023 includes the Company’s acquisition of loans from the Citizens merger recorded at a fair value of $447.4 million.

(2) | Amount reported in fiscal 2022 includes the Company’s acquisition of loans from the Fortune and Cairo mergers recorded at fair values of $202.1 million and $408,000, respectively.

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Loan Commitments

The Bank issues commitments for single- and multi-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, operating or working capital lines of credit, and standby letters-of-credit. Such commitments may be oral or in writing with specified terms, conditions and at a specified rate of interest. The Bank had outstanding net loan commitments of approximately $898.6 million at June 30, 2024. See Note 12 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.

Loan Fees

In addition to interest earned on loans, the Bank receives income from fees in connection with loan originations, loan modifications, late payments and for miscellaneous services related to its loans. Income from these activities varies from period to period depending upon the volume and type of loans made and competitive conditions.

Asset Quality

Delinquent Loans. Generally, when a borrower fails to make a required payment, the Bank begins the collection process by mailing a computer generated notice to the customer. If the delinquency is not cured promptly, the customer is contacted again by notice or telephone. After an account secured by real estate becomes over 60 days past due, the Bank will typically send a demand notice to the customer which, if not cured within the time provided or unless satisfactory arrangements have been made, will lead to foreclosure. Foreclosure may not begin until the loan reaches 120 days delinquency in the case of consumer residential loans. For consumer loans, the Missouri Right-To-Cure Statute

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is followed, which requires issuance of specifically worded notices at specific time intervals prior to repossession or further collection efforts.

The following table sets forth the Bank’s loan delinquencies by type and by amount at June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Loans Delinquent For: | ​ | Total Loans
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Delinquent 60 Days
​ | ​ | 60-89 Days | ​ | 90 Days and Over | ​ | or More
​ |  | Numbers |  | Amounts |  | Numbers |  | Amounts |  | Numbers |  | Amounts
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | $ | 1,848 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | $ | 478 | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​ | $ | 2,326
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 1,095 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 1,096
Construction | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ |  | 376 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ |  | 376
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ |  | 311 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ |  | 130 | ​ | ​ | 29 | ​ |  | 441
Commercial Business | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ |  | 85 | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ |  | 1,749 | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ |  | 1,834
Totals | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | $ | 2,621 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | $ | 3,452 | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ | $ | 6,073

​

Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of non-performing assets in the Bank’s loan portfolio. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal and/or interest becomes doubtful, and as a result, previously accrued interest income on the loan is removed from current income. The Bank has no reserves for uncollected interest and does not accrue interest on non-accrual loans. A loan may be transferred back to accrual status once a satisfactory repayment history has been restored. Foreclosed assets held for sale include assets acquired in settlement of loans and are shown net of reserves.

The decrease in nonperforming assets in fiscal 2024 was attributed primarily to a decrease in nonaccrual loans. For information regarding accrual of interest on loans, see Note 1 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.

The Company may treat purchased credit deteriorated loans as an accruing asset because these loans are recorded at acquisition at fair value, which includes an accretable discount recorded as interest income over the expected life of the obligation.

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The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank’s non-performing assets as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
Nonaccruing loans: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 798 | ​ | $ | 934 | ​ | $ | 1,647 | ​ | $ | 3,235 | ​ | $ | 4,010 | ​
Construction | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 698 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | — | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 3,106 | ​ |  | 4,564 | ​ |  | 2,259 | ​ |  | 1,914 | ​ |  | 3,106 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 135 | ​ |  | 256 | ​ |  | 73 | ​ |  | 100 | ​ |  | 196 | ​
Commercial business | ​ |  | 2,641 | ​ |  | 1,091 | ​ |  | 139 | ​ |  | 589 | ​ |  | 1,345 | ​
Total | ​ |  | 6,680 | ​ |  | 7,543 | ​ |  | 4,118 | ​ |  | 5,868 | ​ |  | 8,657 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans 90 days past due accruing interest: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Residential real estate | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 109 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Construction | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Commercial business | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Total | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 109 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total nonperforming loans | ​ |  | 6,680 | ​ |  | 7,652 | ​ |  | 4,118 | ​ |  | 5,868 | ​ |  | 8,657 | ​
Nonperforming investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Foreclosed assets held for sale: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Real estate owned | ​ |  | 3,865 | ​ |  | 3,606 | ​ |  | 2,180 | ​ |  | 2,227 | ​ |  | 2,561 | ​
Other nonperforming assets | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 32 | ​ |  | 11 | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 9 | ​
Total nonperforming assets | ​ | $ | 10,568 | ​ | $ | 11,290 | ​ | $ | 6,309 | ​ | $ | 8,118 | ​ | $ | 11,227 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total nonperforming loans to net loans | ​ | ​ | 0.18 | % | ​ | 0.21 | % | ​ | 0.15 | % | ​ | 0.27 | % | ​ | 0.40 | %
Total nonperforming loans to total assets | ​ | ​ | 0.15 | % | ​ | 0.17 | % | ​ | 0.13 | % | ​ | 0.22 | % | ​ | 0.34 | %
Total nonperforming assets to total assets | ​ | ​ | 0.23 | % | ​ | 0.26 | % | ​ | 0.20 | % | ​ | 0.30 | % | ​ | 0.44 | %

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The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures,” effective July 1, 2023. The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminated the recognition and measurement of TDRs and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. At June 30, 2024, modifications totaled $25.5 million. During the year ended June 30, 2024, modifications made totaled $895,000, of which all were considered nonperforming and was included in the nonaccrual loan total above. The remaining $24.6 million in modifications have complied with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time and are therefore considered by the Company to be accrual status loans. At June 30, 2023, Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) totaled $30.5 million, of which $727,000 was considered nonperforming and was included in the nonaccrual loan total above. In general, these loans were subject to classification as TDRs at June 30, 2023, on the basis of guidance under ASU 2011-02 “Receivables: A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring”, which indicated that the Company may not consider the borrower’s effective borrowing rate on the old debt immediately before the restructuring in determining whether a concession has been granted.

Real Estate Owned. Real estate properties acquired through foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated disposition costs, which establishes a new cost basis. If fair value at the date of foreclosure is lower than the balance of the related loan, the difference will be charged-off to the allowance for credit losses at the time of transfer. Management periodically updates real estate valuations and if the value declines, a specific provision for losses on such property is established by a charge to noninterest expense. At June 30, 2024, the Company’s balance of real estate owned totaled $3.9 million, and included $74,000 in reseidntial properties and $3.8 million in non-residential properties.

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Asset Classification. Applicable regulations require that each insured institution review and classify its assets on a regular basis. In addition, in connection with examinations of insured institutions, regulatory examiners have authority to identify problem assets and, if appropriate, require them to be classified. There are three classifications for problem assets: substandard, doubtful and loss. Substandard assets must have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss. An asset classified loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the institution is not warranted. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as loss, it charges off the balance of the assets. Assets which do not currently expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses, may be designated as special mention. The Bank’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the FRB and the Missouri Division of Finance, which can order the establishment of additional loss allowances.

On the basis of management’s review of the assets of the Company, at June 30, 2024, adversely classified assets totaled $44.7 million, or 0.96% of total assets as compared to $50.0 million, or 1.15% of total assets at June 30, 2023. Of the amount adversely classified as of June 30, 2024, $44.7 million was considered substandard, and none was considered doubtful. Included in adversely classified assets at June 30, 2024, were various loans totaling $40.9 million (see Note 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 for more information on adversely classified loans) and foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets totaling $3.8 million. Adversely classified loans are so designated due to concerns regarding the borrower’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to service the debt. Adversely classified loans totaling $5.5 million had been placed on nonaccrual status at June 30, 2024, of which $3.3 million were more than 30 days delinquent. Of the remaining $35.4 million of adversely classified loans, $99,000 were more than 30 days delinquent.

Other Loans of Concern. In addition to the adversely classified assets above, there were also other loans with respect to which management has concerns as to the ability of the borrowers to continue to comply with present loan terms, which may ultimately result in the adverse classification of such assets. These loans continued to perform according to contractual terms as of June 30, 2024, but were identified as having elevated risk due to concerns regarding the borrower’s ability to continue to generate sufficient cash flows to service the debt. At June 30, 2024, these other loans of concern totaled $48.2 million, as compared to $27.9 million at June 30, 2023. This increase was primarily from 14 loans, mostly secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate collateral, which properties were experiencing decreases in cashflow.

​

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Bank’s allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses based on management’s expectation of lifetime credit losses on financial assets held at amortized cost. Management estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, agricultural economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. These provisions for credit losses are charged against earnings in the year they are established. The Bank had an allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024, of $52.5 million, which represented 497% of nonperforming assets as compared to an allowance of $47.8 million, which represented 424% of nonperforming assets at June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank also had an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $3.3 million, as compared to $6.3 million at June 30, 2023. This amount is maintained as a separate liability account to cover estimated credit losses associated with off-balance sheet credit instruments such as off-balance sheet loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and guarantees. The decrease was attributable primarily to a decrease in unfunded commitments.

Although management believes that it uses the best information available to determine the allowance, unforeseen market conditions could result in adjustments and net earnings could be significantly affected if

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circumstances differ substantially from assumptions used in making the final determination. Future additions to the allowance will likely be the result of periodic loan, property and collateral reviews and thus cannot be predicted with certainty in advance. Further discussion of the methodology used in establishing the allowance is provided in Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, and in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Allowance for Credit Losses” section of Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

​

20

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth an analysis of the Bank’s allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated. Where specific loan loss reserves have been established, any difference between the loss reserve and the amount of loss realized has been charged or credited to current income.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year Ended June 30, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | ​ | 2023 |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
Allowance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 47,820 | ​ | ​ | $ | 33,192 | ​
Initial ACL on PCD loans | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,121 | ​
Recoveries: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​
Construction real estate | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 71 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​
Total recoveries | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 49 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Charge offs: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | ​ | 515 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19 | ​
Construction real estate | ​ | ​ | 289 | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245 | ​
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 395 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 360 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 327 | ​
Total charge offs | ​ | ​ | 2,055 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 673 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net charge offs | ​ | ​ | (1,929) | ​ | ​ | ​ | (624) | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ | ​ | 6,625 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14,131 | ​
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 52,516 | ​ | ​ | $ | 47,820 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ratio of ACL to total loans outstanding at the end of the period | ​ | ​ | 1.36 | % | ​ | ​ | 1.32 | %
Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans outstanding at the end of the period | ​ | ​ | 0.17 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.21 | %
Ratio of ACL to nonaccrual loans | ​ | ​ | 786.17 | % | ​ | ​ | 633.97 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average loans outstanding by loan category: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 1,086,101 | ​ | ​ | $ | 904,448 | ​
Construction real estate | ​ | ​ | 401,334 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 438,932 | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 1,486,097 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,246,752 | ​
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 132,453 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 106,543 | ​
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 612,160 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 478,016 | ​
Total average loans outstanding by loan category | ​ | $ | 3,718,144 | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,174,690 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ratio of net charge offs to average loans outstanding by loan category: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential real estate | ​ | ​ | 0.05 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.00 | %
Construction real estate | ​ | ​ | 0.07 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.00 | %
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 0.03 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.02 | %
Commercial business | ​ | ​ | 0.27 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.07 | %
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 0.05 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.06 | %
Ratio of net charge offs to average loans outstanding during the period | ​ | ​ | 0.05 | % | ​ | ​ | 0.02 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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The following table sets forth the breakdown of the allowance for credit losses by loan category for the periods indicated.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent of | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans in | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Each | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Each | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Category | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Category | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | to Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | to Total | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | Loans | ​ | ​ | Amount |  | Loans | ​
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 15,839 | ​ | ​ | 29.21 | % | ​ | $ | 15,641 | ​ | ​ | 28.48 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | 2,201 | ​ | ​ | 10.79 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,664 | ​ | ​ | 13.83 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 26,460 | ​ | ​ | 39.97 | ​ | ​ |  | 22,838 | ​ | ​ | 39.27 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 1,102 | ​ | ​ | 3.56 | ​ | ​ |  | 909 | ​ | ​ | 3.36 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial business | ​ |  | 6,914 | ​ | ​ | 16.47 | ​ | ​ |  | 5,768 | ​ | ​ | 15.06 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total allowance for credit losses | ​ | $ | 52,516 | ​ | ​ | 100.00 | % | ​ | $ | 47,820 | ​ | ​ | 100.00 | %

​

For additional information regarding our allowance for credit losses, see Note 3 “Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Investment Activities

General. Under Missouri law, the Bank is permitted to invest in various types of liquid assets, including U.S. Government and State of Missouri obligations, securities of various federal agencies, certain certificates of deposit of insured banks and savings institutions, banker’s acceptances, repurchase agreements, federal funds, commercial paper, investment grade corporate debt securities and obligations of States and their political sub-divisions. Generally, the investment policy of the Company is to invest funds among various categories of investments and repricing characteristics based upon the Bank’s need for liquidity, to provide collateral for borrowings and public unit deposits, to help reach financial performance targets and to help maintain asset/liability management objectives.

The Company’s investment portfolio is managed in accordance with the Bank’s investment policy which was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Bank and is implemented by members of the asset/liability management committee which consists of the Chairman of the Board, the President/Chief Administrative Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Operations Officer, the Chief Lending Officer, and four outside directors.

Investment purchases and/or sales must be authorized by the asset/liability management committee or an authorized executive officer, depending on the aggregate size of the investment transaction, prior to any investment transaction. The Board of Directors of the Bank reviews all investment transactions. All investment purchases are identified as available-for-sale ("AFS") at the time of purchase. The Company has not classified any investment securities as held-to-maturity over the last five years. Securities classified as AFS must be reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. At June 30, 2024, AFS securities totaled $427.9 million (not including FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank membership stock, or other equity securities without readily-determinable fair values). For information regarding the amortized cost and market values of the Company’s investments, see Note 2 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.

During fiscal 2024, the Company entered into derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, to convert certain long term fixed rate loans to floating rates to manage interest rate risk, facilitate asset/liability management strategies and manage other exposures. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had executed two interest rate swaps, designated as fair value hedges, with original notional amounts of $20.0 million each, for a total of $40.0 million.

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Debt and Other Securities. At June 30, 2024, the Company’s debt and other securities portfolio totaled $123.0 million, or 2.7% of total assets as compared to $147.3 million, or 3.4% of total assets at June 30, 2023. During fiscal 2024, the Bank had $3.6 million in maturities, $16.6 million in sales, and $9.0 million in purchases of these securities. Of the securities that matured, $800,000 was called for early redemption. At June 30, 2024, the investment securities portfolio included $27.8 million in municipal bonds, and $31.3 million in corporate obligations. Municipal bonds and corporate obligations totaling $56.3 million are subject to early redemption at the option of the issuer. The investment portfolio also included $58.7 million of asset-backed securities at June 30, 2024, all of which are subject to early redemption. The remaining portfolio consists of $5.3 million in other securities, primarily SBA pools. Based on projected maturities, the weighted average life of the debt and other securities portfolio at June 30, 2024, was 51 months. Membership stock held in the FHLB of Des Moines, totaling $8.7 million, and in the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, totaling $9.1 million, along with equity stock of $929,000 in various correspondent (bankers’) banks, was not included in the above totals.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. At June 30, 2024, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) totaled $304.9 million, or 6.6%, of total assets, as compared to $270.3 million, or 6.2%, of total assets at June 30, 2023. During fiscal 2024, the Bank had maturities and prepayments of $38.8 million, $15.6 million in sales, and $70.8 million in purchases of MBS. At June 30, 2024, the MBS portfolio included $104.8 million in fixed-rate residential MBS issued by government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), $59.7 million in fixed-rate commercial MBS issued by GSEs, and $140.4 million in fixed rate collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued by GSEs generally consisting of underlying residential property loans, all of which passed the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s sensitivity test. Based on projected prepayment rates, the weighted average life of the fixed rate MBS and CMOs at June 30, 2024, was 61 months. Actual prepayment rates experienced, which often vary due to changes in market interest rates, may cause the anticipated average life of MBS portfolio to extend or shorten as compared to prepayment rates anticipated.

Investment Securities Analysis

The following table sets forth the Company’s debt and other securities portfolio, at carrying value, and membership stock, at cost, at the dates indicated.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ | ​ | Fair | ​ | Percent of | ​ | Fair | ​ | Percent of | ​ | ​ | Fair | ​ | Percent of | ​
​ |  | Value |  | Portfolio | ​ | Value |  | Portfolio | ​ | ​ | Value |  | Portfolio | ​
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
State and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 27,753 | ​ | ​ | 22.56 | % | ​ | $ | 42,568 | ​ | ​ | 28.90 | % | ​ | $ | 44,479 | ​ | ​ | 68.63 | %
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 31,277 | ​ | ​ | 25.42 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32,538 | ​ | ​ | 22.09 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,887 | ​ | ​ | 30.69 | ​
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 58,679 | ​ | ​ | 47.69 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,626 | ​ | ​ | 46.59 | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Other securities | ​ |  | 5,333 | ​ | ​ | 4.33 | ​ | ​ |  | 3,570 | ​ | ​ | 2.42 | ​ | ​ |  | 443 | ​ | ​ | 0.68 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 123,042 | ​ | ​ | 100.00 | % | ​ | $ | 147,302 | ​ | ​ | 100.00 | % | ​ | $ | 64,809 | ​ | ​ | 100.00 | %

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At June 30, 2024, the Company did not have any debt securities that were not carried at fair value.

​

The following table sets forth the maturities and weighted average yields of AFS debt securities in the Company’s investment securities portfolio and membership stock at June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Available for Sale Securities |
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024 |
​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Tax-Equiv. |
​ |  | Cost |  | Value |  | Wtd.-Avg. Yield |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) |
State and political subdivisions: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
Due within 1 year | ​ | $ | 1,451 | ​ | $ | 1,438 |  | 3.28 | %
Due after 1 year but within 5 years | ​ |  | 6,252 | ​ |  | 5,991 |  | 2.83 | ​
Due after 5 years but within 10 years | ​ |  | 17,124 | ​ |  | 15,496 |  | 2.59 | ​
Due over 10 years | ​ |  | 5,133 | ​ |  | 4,828 |  | 3.56 | ​
Total | ​ |  | 29,960 | ​ |  | 27,753 |  | 2.84 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate obligations: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Due within 1 year | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
Due after 1 year but within 5 years | ​ |  | 20,573 | ​ |  | 19,974 |  | 5.66 | ​
Due after 5 years but within 10 years | ​ |  | 10,495 | ​ |  | 9,523 |  | 4.08 | ​
Due over 10 years | ​ |  | 1,930 | ​ |  | 1,780 |  | 2.36 | ​
Total | ​ |  | 32,998 | ​ |  | 31,277 |  | 4.96 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Asset-backed securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Due within 1 year | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
Due after 1 year but within 5 years | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
Due after 5 years but within 10 years | ​ |  | 18,228 | ​ |  | 18,790 |  | 6.15 | ​
Due over 10 years | ​ |  | 39,175 | ​ |  | 39,889 |  | 5.61 | ​
Total | ​ |  | 57,403 | ​ |  | 58,679 |  | 5.78 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Due within 1 year | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
Due after 1 year but within 5 years | ​ |  | 73 | ​ |  | 75 |  | 6.95 | ​
Due after 5 years but within 10 years | ​ |  | 4,459 | ​ |  | 4,428 |  | 5.96 | ​
Due over 10 years | ​ |  | 855 | ​ |  | 830 |  | 4.71 | ​
Total | ​ |  | 5,387 | ​ |  | 5,333 |  | 5.77 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total debt and other securities | ​ | $ | 125,748 | ​ | $ | 123,042 |  | 4.87 | %

​

The following table sets forth certain information at June 30, 2024 regarding the dollar amount of MBS and CMOs at amortized cost due, based on their contractual terms to maturity, but does not include scheduled payments or potential prepayments. MBS and CMOs that have adjustable rates are shown at amortized cost as maturing at their next repricing date.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At June 30, 2024
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Amounts due: | ​ | ​ |
Within 1 year | ​ | $ | 212
After 1 year through 3 years | ​ |  | 26,269
After 3 years through 5 years | ​ |  | 54,614
After 5 years | ​ |  | 243,400
Total | ​ | $ | 324,495

​

24

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The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all MBS and CMOs at amortized cost due, based on their contractual terms to maturity, one year after June 30, 2024, which have fixed, floating, or adjustable interest rates.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At June 30, 2024
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate terms on amounts due after 1 year: | ​ |  |
Fixed |  | $ | 221,388
Adjustable | ​ | ​ | 103,107
Total |  | $ | 324,495

​

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to each MBS and CMO security at the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Amortized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Amortized | ​ | Fair
​ |  | Cost |  | Value |  | Cost |  | Value |  | Cost |  | Value
​ |  | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Residential MBS issued by GSEs | ​ | $ | 110,918 | ​ | $ | 104,755 | ​ | $ | 97,612 | ​ | $ | 90,124 | ​ | $ | 76,345 | ​ | $ | 69,168
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs | ​ |  | 65,195 | ​ |  | 59,746 | ​ |  | 60,333 | ​ |  | 53,385 | ​ |  | 51,435 | ​ |  | 45,730
CMOs issued by GSEs | ​ |  | 148,382 | ​ |  | 140,360 | ​ |  | 135,202 | ​ |  | 126,743 | ​ |  | 61,293 | ​ |  | 55,687
Total | ​ | $ | 324,495 | ​ | $ | 304,861 | ​ | $ | 293,147 | ​ | $ | 270,252 | ​ | $ | 189,073 | ​ | $ | 170,585

​

Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds

General. The Company’s primary sources of funds are deposits, borrowings, payments of principal and interest on loans, MBS and CMOs, interest and principal received on investment securities and other short-term investments, and funds provided from operating results. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows and loan prepayments are significantly influenced by general market interest rates and overall economic conditions.

Borrowings, including FHLB advances, have been used at times to provide additional liquidity. Borrowings are used on an overnight or short-term basis to compensate for periodic fluctuations in cash flows, and are used on a longer term basis to fund loan growth and to help manage the Company’s sensitivity to fluctuating interest rates.

Deposits. The Bank’s depositors are generally residents and entities located in the States of Missouri, Arkansas, or Illinois. Deposits are attracted from within the Bank’s market area through the offering of a broad selection of deposit instruments, including interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing transaction accounts, money market deposit accounts, saving accounts, certificates of deposit and retirement savings plans. At times, the Company will utilize brokered deposits in lieu of borrowings, subject to market pricing and availability. For larger depositors, such as public units, the Company often utilizes a reciprocal deposit program to provide additional FDIC coverage to our customer through other financial institutions while conveniently allowing management of the deposit relationship through our institution. Deposit account terms vary according to the minimum balance required, the time periods the funds may remain on deposit and the interest rate, among other factors. In determining the terms of its deposit accounts, the Bank considers current market interest rates, profitability to the Bank, managing interest rate sensitivity and its customer preferences and concerns. The Bank’s Asset/Liability Committee regularly reviews its deposit mix and pricing.

The Bank will periodically promote a particular deposit product as part of its overall marketing plan. Deposit products have been promoted through various mediums, which include digital and social media, television, radio and newspaper advertisements, as well as “grassroots” marketing techniques, such as sponsorship of – or activity at – community events. The emphasis of these campaigns is to increase consumer awareness and market share of the Bank.

The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates, and competition. Based on its experience, the Bank believes that its deposits are relatively stable sources of funds. However, the ability of the Bank to attract and maintain money market deposit accounts, savings accounts, and

25

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certificates of deposit, and the rates paid on these deposits, has been and will continue to be significantly affected by market conditions. The following table depicts the composition of the Bank’s deposits as of June 30, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
As of June 30, 2024 | ​
Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage | ​
Interest | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Minimum | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | of Total | ​
Rate |  | ​ | Term |  | Category |  | Amount |  | Balance |  | Deposits | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​
0.00 | % | ​ | None | ​ | Non-interest Bearing | ​ | $ | 100 | ​ | $ | 514,107 | ​ | 13.01 | %
2.10 | ​ | ​ | None | ​ | NOW Accounts | ​ |  | 100 | ​ |  | 1,239,663 | ​ | 31.36 | ​
2.14 | ​ | ​ | None | ​ | Savings Accounts | ​ |  | 100 | ​ |  | 517,084 | ​ | 13.08 | ​
3.12 | ​ | ​ | None | ​ | Money Market Deposit Accounts | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 336,799 | ​ | 8.52 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | Certificates of Deposit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
4.39 | ​ | ​ | 6 months or less | ​ | Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 89,399 | ​ | 2.26 | ​
3.59 | ​ | ​ | 6 months or less | ​ | IRA Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 3,869 | ​ | 0.10 | ​
4.83 | ​ | ​ | 7-12 months | ​ | Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 608,238 | ​ | 15.39 | ​
4.58 | ​ | ​ | 7-12 months | ​ | IRA Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 46,778 | ​ | 1.18 | ​
4.62 | ​ | ​ | 13-24 months | ​ | Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 341,332 | ​ | 8.64 | ​
4.02 | ​ | ​ | 13-24 months | ​ | IRA Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 38,123 | ​ | 0.96 | ​
5.15 | ​ | ​ | 13-24 months | ​ | Variable Rate/Term | ​ | ​ | 1,000 | ​ | ​ | 6,132 | ​ | 0.16 | ​
5.16 | ​ | ​ | 13-24 months | ​ | IRA Variable Rate/Term | ​ | ​ | 1,000 | ​ | ​ | 1,078 | ​ | 0.03 | ​
3.79 | ​ | ​ | 25-36 months | ​ | Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 54,439 | ​ | 1.38 | ​
2.40 | ​ | ​ | 25-36 months | ​ | IRA Fixed Rate/Term | ​ | ​ | 1,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,253 | ​ | 0.13 | ​
3.88 | ​ | ​ | 48 months and more | ​ | Fixed Rate/Term | ​ | ​ | 1,000 | ​ | ​ | 136,673 | ​ | 3.46 | ​
2.27 | ​ | ​ | 48 months and more | ​ | IRA Fixed Rate/Term | ​ |  | 1,000 | ​ |  | 13,490 | ​ | 0.34 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,952,457 | ​ | 100.00 | %

​

As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, an estimated $719.7 million and $750.0 million respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. Of the uninsured amount at June 30, 2024, $265.5 million was collateralized and at June 30, 2023, $227.8 million was collateralized of the uninsured amount. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for Southern Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.

​

The following table sets forth the portion of our time deposits that are in excess of the FDIC insurance limit, by remaining time until maturity, as of June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Maturity Period |  | Amount
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Three months or less | ​ | $ | 69,624
Over three through six months | ​ |  | 111,318
Over six through twelve months | ​ |  | 112,197
Over 12 months | ​ |  | 174,519
Total | ​ | $ | 467,658

​

For additional information regarding our deposits, see Note 5, “Deposits” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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Table of Contents

Time Deposits by Rates

The following table sets forth the time deposits in the Bank classified by rates at the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At June 30,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
0.00 - 0.99% | ​ | $ | 17,862 | ​ | $ | 92,533 | ​ | $ | 408,479
1.00 - 1.99% | ​ |  | 33,395 | ​ |  | 109,564 | ​ |  | 171,997
2.00 - 2.99% | ​ |  | 46,195 | ​ |  | 186,538 | ​ |  | 51,692
3.00 - 3.99% | ​ |  | 149,095 | ​ |  | 109,780 | ​ |  | 6,298
4.00 - 4.99% | ​ |  | 671,562 | ​ |  | 472,546 | ​ |  | 165
5.00 - 5.99% | ​ | ​ | 421,816 | ​ | ​ | 93,057 | ​ | ​ | —
6.00% and above | ​ |  | 4,879 | ​ |  | 18 | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,344,804 | ​ | $ | 1,064,036 | ​ | $ | 638,631

​

The following table sets forth the amount and maturities of all time deposits at June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amount Due |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | Less | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | of Total |
​ | ​ | Than One | ​ | 1-2 | ​ | 2-3 | ​ | 3-4 | ​ | After | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Certificate |
​ |  | Year |  | Years |  | Years |  | Years |  | 4 Years |  | Total |  | Accounts |
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
0.00 – 0.99% | ​ | $ | 12,408 | ​ | $ | 4,657 | ​ | $ | 697 | ​ | $ | 100 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 17,862 |  | 1.33 | %
1.00 – 1.99% | ​ |  | 15,438 | ​ |  | 8,170 | ​ |  | 8,807 | ​ |  | 887 | ​ |  | 93 | ​ |  | 33,395 |  | 2.48 | ​
2.00 - 2.99% | ​ |  | 39,208 | ​ |  | 3,136 | ​ |  | 1,615 | ​ |  | 2,236 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 46,195 |  | 3.44 | ​
3.00 - 3.99% | ​ |  | 122,671 | ​ |  | 15,434 | ​ |  | 3,483 | ​ |  | 4,525 | ​ |  | 2,982 | ​ |  | 149,095 |  | 11.09 | ​
4.00 - 4.99% | ​ |  | 489,738 | ​ |  | 61,139 | ​ |  | 40,702 | ​ |  | 52,985 | ​ |  | 26,998 | ​ |  | 671,562 |  | 49.94 | ​
5.00 - 5.99% | ​ | ​ | 398,229 | ​ | ​ | 8,879 | ​ | ​ | 9,498 | ​ | ​ | 5,183 | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 421,816 | ​ | 31.36 | ​
6.00% and above | ​ |  | 4,879 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,879 |  | 0.36 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,082,571 | ​ | $ | 101,415 | ​ | $ | 64,802 | ​ | $ | 65,916 | ​ | $ | 30,100 | ​ | $ | 1,344,804 |  | 100.00 | %

​

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Deposit Flow

The following table sets forth the balance of deposits in the various types of accounts offered by the Bank at the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At June 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Percent of | ​ | Increase | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Percent of | ​ | Increase |  | ​ | ​ |  | Percent of | ​ | Increase
​ |  | Amount |  | Total |  | (Decrease) |  | Amount |  | Total |  | (Decrease) |  | Amount |  | Total |  | (Decrease)
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest bearing | ​ | $ | 514,107 |  | 13.01 | % | $ | (83,493) | ​ | $ | 597,600 |  | 16.04 | % | $ | 170,671 | ​ | $ | 426,929 |  | 15.17 | % | $ | 68,511
NOW checking | ​ |  | 1,239,663 |  | 31.36 | ​ |  | (88,760) | ​ |  | 1,328,423 |  | 35.66 | ​ |  | 156,803 | ​ |  | 1,171,620 |  | 41.62 | ​ |  | 246,340
Savings accounts | ​ |  | 517,084 |  | 13.08 | ​ |  | 234,331 | ​ |  | 282,753 |  | 7.59 | ​ |  | 8,470 | ​ |  | 274,283 |  | 9.74 | ​ |  | 43,378
Money market deposit | ​ |  | 336,799 |  | 8.52 | ​ |  | (115,929) | ​ |  | 452,728 |  | 12.15 | ​ |  | 149,116 | ​ |  | 303,612 |  | 10.79 | ​ |  | 49,998
Fixed-rate certificates which mature(1): | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Within one year | ​ |  | 1,082,571 |  | 27.39 | ​ |  | 392,071 | ​ |  | 690,500 |  | 18.53 | ​ |  | 312,658 | ​ |  | 377,842 |  | 13.42 | ​ |  | 19,065
Within three years | ​ |  | 159,007 |  | 4.02 | ​ |  | (118,907) | ​ |  | 277,914 |  | 7.46 | ​ |  | 114,779 | ​ |  | 163,135 |  | 5.80 | ​ |  | 51,436
After three years | ​ |  | 96,016 |  | 2.43 | ​ |  | 394 | ​ |  | 95,622 |  | 2.57 | ​ |  | (2,032) | ​ |  | 97,654 |  | 3.47 | ​ |  | 5,544
Variable-rate certificates which mature: | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Within one year | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | —
Within three years | ​ |  | 7,210 |  | 0.18 | ​ |  | 7,210 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total | ​ | $ | 3,952,457 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 226,917 | ​ | $ | 3,725,540 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 910,465 | ​ | $ | 2,815,075 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 484,272

(1) | At June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022, certificates in excess of $100,000 totaled $887.9 million, $720.0 million, and $392.8 million, respectively.

The following table sets forth the deposit activities of the Bank for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At June 30,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance | ​ | $ | 3,725,540 | ​ | $ | 2,815,075 | ​ | $ | 2,330,803
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net increase before interest credited | ​ |  | 124,760 | ​ |  | 866,073 | ​ |  | 472,450
Interest credited | ​ |  | 102,157 | ​ |  | 44,392 | ​ |  | 11,822
Net increase in deposits | ​ |  | 226,917 | ​ |  | 910,465 | ​ |  | 484,272
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ending balance | ​ | $ | 3,952,457 | ​ | $ | 3,725,540 | ​ | $ | 2,815,075

​

In the unlikely event the Bank is liquidated, depositors will be entitled to payment of their deposit accounts prior to any payment being made to the Company as the sole stockholder of the Bank.

Borrowings. As a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, the Bank has the ability to apply for FHLB advances. These advances are available under various credit programs, each of which has its own maturity, interest rate and repricing characteristics. Additionally, FHLB advances have prepayment penalties as well as limitations on size or term. In order to utilize FHLB advances, the Bank must be a member of the FHLB system, have sufficient collateral to secure the requested advance and own stock in the FHLB equal to 4.00% of the amount borrowed and 0.10% for letters of credit. See "REGULATION – The Bank – Federal Home Loan Bank System."

Although deposits are the Bank’s primary and preferred source of funds, the Bank has actively used FHLB advances. The Bank’s general policy has been to utilize borrowings to meet short-term liquidity needs, or to provide a longer-term source of funding loan growth when other cheaper funding sources are unavailable or to aide in asset/liability management. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank had $102.1 million in outstanding FHLB advances, including $102.1 million in fixed-rate long term advances, and no overnight borrowings. In order for the Bank to borrow from the FHLB, it has reported $1.4 billion of its residential, multi-family, and commercial real estate loans to the FHLB as eligible collateral for available credit of approximately $845.1 million, and has purchased $8.7 million in membership stock in the FHLB of Des Moines. Of the available credit, in addition to the amount advanced, $461,000 is encumbered

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in relation to residential real estate loans sold onto the secondary market through the FHLB, while there were no letters of credit issued to secure public unit deposits. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had additional borrowing capacity on its reported residential and commercial real estate loans pledged to the FHLB of approximately $742.5 million, as compared to $541.3 million at June 30, 2023.

Additionally, the Bank is approved to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window on a primary credit basis. Primary credit is available to approved institutions on a generally short-term basis at the “discount rate” set by the FOMC. The Bank has pledged agricultural real estate and other loans to farmers as collateral for any amounts borrowed through the discount window. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank was approved to borrow up to $323.4 million through the discount window, but no balance was outstanding. The Bank has also been approved for participation in the Federal Reserve Bank’s Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) introduced early in calendar year 2023 by the Federal Reserve Bank, but the Bank has not pledged any securities under the program.

Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I, a Delaware business trust subsidiary of the Company, issued $7.0 million in Floating Rate Capital Securities (the "Trust Preferred Securities") with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share in March, 2004. The securities are due in 30 years, were redeemable after five years and bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR. At June 30, 2024, the current rate was 8.35%. The securities represent undivided beneficial interests in the trust, which was established by Southern Missouri Bancorp for the purpose of issuing the securities. The Trust Preferred Securities were sold in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act") and have not been registered under the Act. The securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.

Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I used the proceeds of the sale of the Trust Preferred Securities to purchase Junior Subordinated Debentures of Southern Missouri Bancorp. Southern Missouri Bancorp is using the net proceeds for working capital and investment in its subsidiaries. Trust Preferred Securities currently qualify as Tier I Capital for regulatory purposes. See "Regulation" for further discussion on the treatment of the trust-preferred securities.

In its October 2013 acquisition of Ozarks Legacy, the Company assumed $3.1 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The securities had been issued in June 2005 by Ozarks Legacy in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, and mature in 2035. At June 30, 2024, the carrying value was $2.8 million, and bore interest at a current coupon rate of 8.05% and an effective rate of 9.98%.

In the Peoples Acquisition, the Company assumed $6.5 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in 2005 by PBC in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. At June 30, 2024, the carrying value was $5.6 million and bore interest at a current coupon rate of 7.40% and an effective rate of 10.05%.

In the February 2022 acquisition of Fortune Financial Corporation (Fortune), the Company assumed $7.5 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. The notes had been issued in May 2021 by Fortune to a multi-lender group, bear interest through May 2026 at a fixed rate of 4.5%, and will bear interest thereafter at SOFR plus 3.77%. The notes will be redeemable at par beginning in May 2026, and mature in May 2031. The carrying value of the notes was approximately $7.6 million at June 30, 2024, and the effective rate was 3.73%.

​

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding short-term borrowings by the Bank at the end of the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year Ended June 30, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) |
Year end balances |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Short-term FHLB advances | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 33,500 | ​ | $ | — | ​
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 33,500 | ​ | $ | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average rate at year end | ​ |  | — | % |  | 5.35 | % |  | — | %

​

The following table presents the maturity of term borrowings, along with associated weighted average rates as of June 30, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | Wtd-Avg | ​
FHLB Advance Maturities by Fiscal Year |  | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | Rate | ​
2025 | ​ | $ | 7,995 | ​ | 1.25 | %
2026 | ​ | ​ | 13,918 | ​ | 3.51 | ​
2027 | ​ | ​ | 40,137 | ​ | 4.19 | ​
2028 | ​ | ​ | 35,000 | ​ | 4.05 | ​
2029 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | 4.19 | ​
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 102,050 | ​ | 3.82 | %

​

The following table sets forth certain information as to the Bank’s borrowings for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year Ended June 30, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | (Dollars in thousands) | ​
FHLB advances |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Daily average balance | ​ | $ | 123,986 | ​ | $ | 107,661 | ​ | $ | 43,410 | ​
Weighted average interest rate | ​ |  | 4.03 | % |  | 3.37 | % |  | 1.83 | %
Maximum outstanding at any month end | ​ | $ | 247,286 | ​ | $ | 231,328 | ​ | $ | 57,537 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Subordinated Debt | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​
Daily average balance | ​ | $ | 23,130 | ​ | $ | 23,253 | ​ | $ | 18,189 | ​
Weighted average interest rate | ​ |  | 7.53 | % |  | 6.19 | % |  | 3.77 | %
Maximum outstanding at month end | ​ | $ | 23,156 | ​ | $ | 23,105 | ​ | $ | 23,055 | ​

​

Other Services

The Bank offers fiduciary and investment management services through its Southern Wealth Management division. The division has traditionally offered investment management services, and in fiscal 2024, as part of the Citizens merger, added fiduciary services including trust management and employee benefits. Assets under management were $575.9 million at June 30, 2024, as compared to $566.2 million at June 30, 2023. The Bank offers commercial and consumer insurance products through Southern Insurance Services, LLC, an independent insurance agency. Commission revenue was $1.2 million for fiscal 2024, relatively unchanged from fiscal 2023.

Subsidiary Activities

The Bank has six active subsidiaries, SB Corning, LLC, SB Real Estate Investments, LLC, Southern Insurance Services, LLC, Fortune Investment Group, LLC, Fortune Insurance Group, LLC, and Fortune SBA, LLC. SB Corning, LLC represents investment in a limited partnership formed for the purpose of generating low income housing tax

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credits. The initial investment in this subsidiary was $1.5 million, and at June 30, 2024, the carrying value of the investment was $365,000. SB Real Estate Investments, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank formed to hold Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC. Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC is a REIT which is majority-owned by the investment subsidiary, but has other preferred shareholders in order to meet the requirements to be a REIT. At June 30, 2024, SB Real Estate Investments, LLC held assets of approximately $1.4 billion. Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC held assets of approximately $1.3 billion. Southern Insurance Services, LLC is an entity acquired in the Gideon acquisition, and is engaged in the brokerage of commercial and consumer insurance products. Assets held by this subsidiary are immaterial. Fortune Investment Group, LLC is an entity acquired in the Fortune acquisition that was engaged in the brokerage of wealth management products, with no assets or liabilities at June 30, 2024, and is currently inactive. Fortune Insurance Group, LLC is an entity acquired in the Fortune acquisition that was engaged in the sale of commercial and consumer insurance products, and is currently inactive. Fortune SBA, LLC is an entity acquired in the Fortune acquisition, and was engaged in the origination of SBA guaranteed loans, sale of the guaranteed portion of the loan, and servicing of loans. At June 30, 2024, Fortune SBA, LLC held no assets or liabilities and is currently inactive. SMS Financial Services, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank, which had no assets or liabilities at June 30, 2024, and is currently inactive.

Employees and Human Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 693 full-time employees and 41 part-time employees for a total of 734 employees (collectively, our “Team Members”). The Company believes that our Team Members play the most important role in the success of a service company like the Bank, and that the Company’s relationship with its Team Members is good. None of the Company’s Team Members are represented by a collective bargaining unit.

Our human capital objectives include attracting, developing, and retaining the best available talent from a diverse pool of candidates for our team. To do so, we maintain competitive pay and benefits, regularly updating our compensation structure and periodically working with outside consultants to review our compensation and benefit programs. Additionally, the Company’s training committee identifies opportunities and paths for development of our staff, and our Company seeks to, whenever possible, fill positions by promotion from within. Among our executive team, market presidents, regional retail officers, and administrative team, 54% of these leaders have been promoted to their position from within. Training opportunities include Team Member-directed pursuits, internally developed training programs, professional development conferences and seminars, as well as other programs or studies that are appropriate for Team Members based on their current position and career path.

We recognize the importance of our Team Members’ financial health, and offer benefits such as a 401(K) retirement savings plan and make both matching and profit-sharing contributions to that plan, which also includes the Company’s stock as an investment option. Our health benefit options include PPO and HSA-eligible coverage at affordable cost to participants.

We value and promote diversity and inclusion in every aspect of our business and at every level within the company. We recruit, hire, and promote employees based on their individual ability and experience and in accordance with laws and regulations. Our policy is that we do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, ancestry, pregnancy, medical condition, age, marital status, national origin, citizenship status, disability, veteran status, gender identity, genetic information, or any other status protected by law. We believe that a sense of belonging is essential for providing a work environment where everyone can perform their very best. We are committed to fostering an environment that encourages diverse viewpoints, backgrounds and experiences.

We are committed to serving the communities where our Team Members live, work and play, believing that by strengthening our communities and demonstrating our commitment to them, we build relationships with existing and potential customers and with the larger community. We support our communities through a variety of sponsorships and financial contributions to non-profit agencies across our footprint. We also make Team Member involvement in our communities a priority, encourage Team Members to spend time supporting local organizations, and specifically budget funds each year to support local programs. We are proud of the efforts Team Members make to invest their time in their communities, and we appreciate the impact of that investment on the health of our communities and our organization.

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GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

The following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations applicable to the supervision and regulation of the Company and the Bank. Descriptions of laws and regulations here and elsewhere in this report do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations. Legislation is introduced from time to time in the United States Congress or the Missouri state legislature that may affect the operations of the Company and the Bank. In addition, the regulations governing us may be amended from time to time. Any such legislation or regulatory changes in the future could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

The Bank

General. As a state-chartered, federally insured trust company with banking powers, the Bank is subject to extensive regulation. Lending activities and other investments must comply with various statutory and regulatory requirements, including prescribed minimum capital standards. The Bank is regularly examined by the FRB and the Missouri Division of Finance and files periodic reports concerning the Bank’s activities and financial condition with its regulators. The Bank’s relationship with depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by both federal law and the laws of Missouri, especially in such matters as the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of mortgage documents.

Federal and state banking laws and regulations govern all areas of the operation of the Bank, including reserves, loans, mortgages, capital, trust services issuance of securities, payment of dividends, and establishment of branches. Federal and state bank regulatory agencies also have the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks and bank holding companies if such payments should be deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice, and in other circumstances. The FRB as the primary federal regulator of the Company and the Bank has authority to impose penalties, initiate civil and administrative actions and take other steps intended to prevent banks from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices.

State Regulation and Supervision. As a state-chartered trust company with banking powers, the Bank is subject to applicable provisions of Missouri law and the regulations of the Missouri Division of Finance. Missouri law and regulations govern the Bank’s ability to take deposits and pay interest thereon, to make loans on or invest in residential and other real estate, to make consumer loans, to invest in securities, to offer various banking services to its customers, and to establish branch offices.

Federal Reserve System. The FRB requires all depository institutions to maintain reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts (checking and NOW accounts). These reserves may be in the form of cash or deposits with the institution’s regional Federal Reserve Bank. In response to the COVID -19 pandemic, effective March 26, 2020, the FRB reduced the reserve requirement ratio to 0% for all account types, eliminating reserve requirements for all depository institutions, to support lending to households and businesses.

The Bank is authorized to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank "discount window." The purpose of the discount window is to provide an additional backstop funding option for eligible depository institutions seeking to supplement their funding sources, particularly to meet unexpected short-term funding needs. Depository institutions like the Bank would typically utilize FHLB borrowings before borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which is one of 11 regional FHLBs that provide home financing credit. Each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned region. It is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB System and makes loans or advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB of Des Moines, which are subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. All advances from the FHLB are required to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB. In addition, all long-term advances are required to provide funds for residential home financing. See Business - Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds - Borrowings.

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As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB of Des Moines. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $8.7 million in FHLB stock, which was in compliance with this requirement. The Bank received $717,000 and $555,000 in dividends from the FHLB of Des Moines for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The FHLBs continue to contribute to low- and moderately-priced housing programs through direct loans or interest subsidies on advances targeted for community investment and low- and moderate-income housing projects. These contributions have adversely affected the level of FHLB dividends paid and could continue to do so in the future. These contributions could also have an adverse effect on the value of FHLB stock in the future. A reduction in value of the Bank’s FHLB stock may result in a corresponding reduction in the Bank’s capital.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC. The general insurance limit is $250,000 per account relationship. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions. It also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose a serious risk to the DIF. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against a member bank of the FRB after giving the FRB an opportunity to take such action. In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC has issued regulations setting insurance premium assessments based on an institution’s total assets minus its Tier 1 capital instead of its deposits. The Bank’s FDIC premiums are based on its supervisory ratings and certain financial ratios.

On October 18, 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase its initial base insurance assessment rate schedules by two basis points to improve the likelihood that the reserve ratio of the DIF would be restored to at least 1.35 percent by September 30, 2028. The revised assessment rate schedules became effective January 1, 2023, with the first invoice payment date of June 30, 2023 for the assessment period of January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023. The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments and any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. We cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. Management of the Bank is not aware of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.

Standards for Safety and Soundness. The federal banking regulatory agencies have prescribed, by regulation, standards for all insured depository institutions relating to: (i) internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems; (ii) loan documentation; (iii) credit underwriting; (iv) interest rate risk exposure; (v) asset growth; (vi) asset quality; (vii) earnings; and (viii) compensation, fees and benefits ("Guidelines"). The Guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the FRB determines that the Bank fails to meet any standard prescribed by the Guidelines, the agency may require the Bank to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.

Guidance on Subprime Mortgage Lending. The federal banking agencies have issued guidance on subprime mortgage lending to address issues related to certain mortgage products marketed to subprime borrowers, particularly adjustable rate mortgage products that can involve "payment shock" and other risky characteristics. Although the guidance focuses on subprime borrowers, the banking agencies note that institutions should look to the principles contained in the guidance when offering such adjustable rate mortgages to non-subprime borrowers. The guidance prohibits predatory lending programs; provides that institutions should underwrite a mortgage loan on the borrower’s ability to repay the debt by its final maturity at the fully-indexed rate, assuming a fully amortizing repayment schedule; encourages reasonable workout arrangements with borrowers who are in default; mandates clear and balanced advertisements and other communications; encourages arrangements for the escrowing of real estate taxes and insurance; and states that institutions should develop strong control and monitoring systems.

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The federal banking agencies have announced their intention to carefully review the risk management and consumer compliance processes, policies and procedures of their supervised financial institutions and their intention to take action against institutions that engage in predatory lending practices, violate consumer protection laws or fair lending laws, engage in unfair or deceptive acts or practices, or otherwise engage in unsafe or unsound lending practices.

Guidance on Commercial Real Estate Concentrations. The federal banking agencies have issued guidance on sound risk management practices for concentrations in commercial real estate lending. The particular focus is on exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be sensitive to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution). The purpose of the guidance is not to limit a bank’s commercial real estate lending but to guide banks in developing risk management practices and maintaining capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations. A bank that has experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, has notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate loan, or is approaching or exceeding the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory analysis with respect to real estate concentration risk: total loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100% or more of the bank’s total capital; or total commercial real estate loans (as defined in the guidance) greater than 300% of the Bank’s total capital and an increase in the bank’s commercial real estate portfolio of 50% or more during the prior 36 months. See also, “Risk Factors- We currently exceed thresholds defined in interagency guidance on commercial real estate concentrations, and as such, we may incur additional expense or slow the growth of certain categories of commercial real estate lending.”

Regulatory Capital Requirements. The Bank is required to maintain specified levels of regulatory capital under federal banking regulations. The capital adequacy requirements are quantitative measures established by regulation that require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of capital. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2015, (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness on January 1, 2019), the Bank became subject to capital regulations which created required minimum ratio for common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital and the minimum leverage ratio; established risk-weightings for assets and certain off-balance sheet items for purposes of the risk-based capital ratios; required an additional capital conservation buffer over the minimum risk-based capital ratios; and defined what qualifies as capital for purposes of meeting the capital requirements. These regulations implement the regulatory capital reforms required by the Dodd Frank Act and the “Basel III” requirements.

Under applicable capital regulations, the minimum capital ratios are: (1) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (2) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets; (3) a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets; and (4) a leverage ratio (the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total adjusted assets) of 4.0%. CET1 generally consists of common stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) except in the case of banking organizations that have elected to exclude AOCI from regulatory capital, as discussed below; and certain minority interests; all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.

In addition to the capital requirements, there were a number of changes in what constitutes regulatory capital compared to earlier regulations, subject to transition periods. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments as qualifying capital. Mortgage servicing and deferred tax assets over designated percentages of CET1 are deducted from capital. In addition, Tier 1 capital includes AOCI, which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities. Because of our asset size, we had the one-time option of deciding whether to permanently opt-out of the inclusion of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities in our capital calculations. We made the decision to opt out.

In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1 and total capital ratios, the capital regulations require a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum risk-based in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. The

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phase-in of the capital conservation buffer requirement began on January 1, 2016, when a buffer greater than 0.625% of risk-weighted assets was required, which amount increased by 0.625% each year until the buffer requirement was fully implemented on January 1, 2019. At June 30, 2024, the Bank reported risk-based capital ratios meeting the capital conservation buffer.

Under the prompt corrective action (PCA) standards of the FRB, in order to be considered well-capitalized, the Bank must have a ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.5%, a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8%, a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10%, and a leverage ratio of at least 5%; and in order to be considered adequately capitalized, it must have the minimum capital ratios described above. At June 30, 2024, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under these prompt corrective action standards. Although only the Bank is subject to the PCA guidelines, the Company is subject to, and exceeds, the following minimum regulatory capital requirements: a common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5 percent, a tier 1 capital ratio of 6 percent, a total capital ratio of 8 percent of risk-weighted assets, and a leverage ratio of 4 percent.

Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Banks. Subject to certain regulatory exceptions, the FDIA and FDIC regulations provide that an insured state-chartered bank may not, directly, or indirectly through a subsidiary, engage as "principal" in any activity that is not permissible for a national bank unless the FDIC has determined that such activities would pose no risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund and that the bank is in compliance with applicable regulatory capital requirements.

Under regulations dealing with equity investments, an insured state bank generally may not directly or indirectly acquire or retain any equity investment of a type, or in an amount, that is not permissible for a national bank. An insured state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, (i) acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary, (ii) investing as a limited partner in a partnership the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the bank’s total assets, (iii) acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors’, trustees’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage or bankers’ blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions, and (iv) acquiring or retaining the voting shares of a depository institution if certain requirements are met.

Affiliate Transactions. The Company and the Bank are separate and distinct legal entities. Various legal limitations restrict the Bank from lending to or otherwise engaging in transactions with the Company (or any other affiliate), generally limiting such transactions with an affiliate to 10% of the Bank’s capital and surplus and limiting all such transactions with all affiliates to 20% of the Bank’s capital and surplus. Such transactions, including extensions of credit, sales of securities or assets and provision of services, also must be on terms and conditions consistent with safe and sound banking practices, including credit standards, that are substantially the same or at least as favorable to the Bank as those prevailing at the time for transactions with unaffiliated companies.

Federally insured banks are subject, with certain exceptions, to certain additional restrictions (including collateralization) on extensions of credit to their parent holding companies or other affiliates, on investments in the stock or other securities of affiliates and on the taking of such stock or securities as collateral from any borrower. In addition, such banks are prohibited from engaging in certain tying arrangements in connection with any extension of credit or the providing of any property or service.

Community Reinvestment Act. Banks are also subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 ("CRA"), which requires the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency, in connection with its regular examination of a bank, to assess the bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of the community serviced by the bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The regulatory agency’s assessment of the bank’s record is made available to the public. Further, such assessment is required of any bank which has applied, among other things, to establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a financial institution. While CRA modernization is underway and scheduled for implementation by calendar 2026, the current evaluation system focuses on three tests: (1) a lending test, to evaluate the institution's record of making loans in its assessment areas; (2) an investment test, to evaluate the institution's record of investing in community development projects, affordable housing and programs benefiting low or

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moderate income individuals and businesses; and (3) a service test, to evaluate the institution's delivery of banking services through its branches, ATM centers and other offices. The Bank received a "satisfactory" rating during its most recent CRA examination.

Dividends. Dividends from the Bank constitute the major source of funds that may be paid by the Company. The amount of dividends payable by the Bank to the Company depends upon the Bank’s earnings and capital position, and is limited by federal and state laws, regulations and policies.

The amount of dividends actually paid by the Bank during any one period will be strongly affected by the Bank’s management policy of maintaining a strong capital position. Dividends can be restricted if the capital conservation buffer is not maintained as described under “Capital Rules” above.

A bank holding company is required to give the FRB prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The FRB may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or would violate any law, regulation, FRB order, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the FRB. This notification requirement does not apply to any company that meets the well-capitalized standard for bank holding companies, is well-managed, and is not subject to any unresolved supervisory issues.

Under Missouri law, the Bank may pay dividends from certain undivided profits and may not pay dividends if its capital is impaired.

Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The Bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001. These laws and regulations require the Bank to implement policies, procedures, and controls to detect, prevent, and report money laundering and terrorist financing and to verify the identity of their customers. Violations of these requirements can result in substantial civil and criminal sanctions. In addition, provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act require the federal financial institution regulatory agencies to consider the effectiveness of a financial institution's anti-money laundering activities when reviewing mergers and acquisitions.

Privacy Standards and Cybersecurity. The Bank is subject to federal regulations implementing the privacy protection provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999. These regulations require the Bank to disclose its privacy policy, including informing consumers of their information sharing practices and informing consumers of their rights to opt out of certain practices. In addition, on November 18, 2021, the federal banking agencies announced the adoption of a final rule providing for new notification requirements for banking organizations and their service providers for significant cybersecurity incidents. Specifically, the new rule requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator as soon as possible, and no later than 36 hours after, the banking organization determines that a “computer-security incident” rising to the level of a “notification incident” has occurred. Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the viability of a banking organization’s operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector. Service providers are required under the rule to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the banking organization’s customers for four or more hours.

Further, on July 26, 2023, the SEC adopted final rules that require public companies to promptly disclose material cybersecurity incidents on Form 8-K and detailed information regarding their cybersecurity risk management and governance on an annual basis on Form 10-K. Companies will be required to report on Form 8-K any cybersecurity incident they determine to be material within four business days of making that determination. In addition to incident reporting, the new rules will also require companies to describe their cybersecurity processes and governance.

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The Company

Federal Securities Law. The stock of the Company is registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). As such, the Company is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements of the SEC under the Exchange Act.

The Company’s stock held by persons who are affiliates (generally officers, directors and principal stockholders) of the Company may not be resold without registration or unless sold in accordance with certain resale restrictions. If the Company meets specified current public information requirements, each affiliate of the Company is able to sell in the public market, without registration, a limited number of shares in any three-month period.

Bank Holding Company Regulation. Bank holding companies are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FRB under the Bank Holding Company Act (“BHCA”). As a bank holding company, the Company is required to file reports with the FRB and such additional information as the FRB may require, and the Company and its non-banking affiliates are subject to examination by the FRB. Under FRB policy, a bank holding company must serve as a source of financial strength for its subsidiary banks. Under this policy the FRB may require, and has required in the past, a holding company to contribute additional capital to an undercapitalized subsidiary bank. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, this policy is codified and rules to implement it are to be established. Under the BHCA, a bank holding company must obtain FRB approval before: (i) acquiring, directly or indirectly, ownership or control of any voting shares of another bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, it would own or control more than 5% of such shares (unless it already owns or controls the majority of such shares); (ii) acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company; or (iii) merging or consolidating with another bank holding company.

The Company is subject to the activity limitations imposed on bank holding companies that are not financial holding companies. The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company, or from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for its subsidiaries. The principal exceptions to these prohibitions involve certain activities which are permitted, by statute or by FRB regulation or order, have been identified as activities closely related to the business of banking or managing or controlling banks. The list of activities permitted by the FRB includes, among other things, operating a savings institution, mortgage company, finance company, credit card company or factoring company; performing certain data processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; underwriting and acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing property on a full-payout, non-operating basis; selling money orders, travelers’ checks and United States Savings Bonds; real estate and personal property appraising; providing tax planning and preparation services; and, subject to certain limitations, providing securities brokerage services for customers.

TAXATION

Federal Taxation

General. The Company and the Bank report their income on a fiscal year basis using the accrual method of accounting and are subject to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations with some exceptions, including particularly the Bank’s reserve for bad debts discussed below. The following discussion of tax matters is intended only as a summary and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Bank or the Company.

Bad Debt Reserve. The Bank’s average assets for the current year exceeded $500 million, thus classifying it as a large bank for purposes of IRC Section 585. Under IRC Section 585(c)(3), a bank that becomes a large bank must change its method of accounting from the reserve method to a specific charge-off method under IRC Section 166. The Bank is required to follow the specific charge-off method which only allows a bad debt deduction equal to actual charge-offs, net of recoveries, experienced during the fiscal year of the deduction. In a year where recoveries exceed charge-offs, the Bank would be required to include the net recoveries in taxable income.

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Dividends-Received Deduction. The Company may exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from the Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations. The corporate dividends-received deduction is generally 50% in the case of dividends received from unaffiliated corporations with which the Company and the Bank will not file a consolidated tax return, except that if the Company or the Bank owns more than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend, then 65% of any dividends received may be deducted.

Missouri Taxation

General. Missouri-based banks, such as the Bank, are subject to a Missouri bank franchise and income tax.

Bank Franchise Tax. The Missouri bank franchise tax is imposed on the bank’s taxable income at the rate of 4.48%, less credits for certain Missouri taxes, including income taxes. However, the credits exclude taxes paid for real estate, unemployment taxes, bank tax, and taxes on tangible personal property owned by the Bank and held for lease or rentals to others - income-based calculation.

Income Tax. The Bank and its holding company and related subsidiaries are subject to an income tax that is imposed on the consolidated taxable income apportioned to Missouri at the rate of 4.0%. The return is filed on a consolidated basis by all members of the consolidated group including the Bank.

Earnings Tax. Due to its loan activity and the acquisition of Kansas City banks in the most recent period, the Bank is subject to a Kansas City earnings tax. The tax is imposed on the Bank’s apportioned taxable income at a rate of 1.0%.

Arkansas Taxation

General. Due to its loan activity and the acquisitions of Arkansas banks in recent periods, the Bank is subject to an Arkansas income tax. The tax is imposed on the Bank’s apportioned taxable income at a rate of 6.2%.

Illinois Taxation

General. Due to its loan activity and the acquisitions of Illinois banks in recent periods, the Bank and its holding company and related subsidiaries are subject to an income tax that is imposed on the consolidated taxable income apportioned to Illinois at the rate of 9.5%.

Kansas Taxation

Privilege Tax. Due to its loan activity and the acquisitions of Kansas banks in the most recent period, the Bank is subject to a Kansas privilege tax. The tax is imposed on the Bank’s apportioned taxable income at a rate of 3.95%.

Audits

The Company’s Missouri income tax returns for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2016 through 2018 are under audit by the Missouri Department of Revenue. There have been no IRS or other state audits of the Company’s federal or state income tax returns during the past five years.

For additional information regarding taxation, see Note 9 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.

INTERNET WEBSITE

We maintain a website with the address of www.bankwithsouthern.com. The information contained on our website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other reports, proxy statements and other information, including earnings press releases, filed with the SEC are available at http://investors.bankwithsouthern.com. For more information regarding access to

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these filings on our website, please contact our Corporate Secretary, Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., 2991 Oak Grove Road, Poplar Bluff, Missouri, 63901; telephone number (573) 778-1800.

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Item 1A.​ ​Risk Factors

An investment in our securities is subject to inherent risks. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included in this report. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The value or market price of our securities could decline due to any of these identified or other risks, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to the Company and the Bank

Risks Relating to Marco Economic Conditions

Changes in economic conditions, particularly an economic slowdown in Missouri or northern Arkansas, could hurt our business.

Our business is directly affected by market conditions, trends in industry and finance, legislative and regulatory changes, and changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies and inflation, all of which are beyond our control. Future deterioration in economic conditions, particularly within our primary market area in Missouri and northern Arkansas, could result in the following consequences, among others, any of which could hurt our business materially:

| ● | loan delinquencies may increase;

| ● | problem assets and foreclosures may increase;

| ● | demand for our products and services may decline;

| ● | loan collateral may decline in value, in turn reducing a customer’s borrowing power and reducing the value of collateral securing our loans;

| ● | the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; and

| ● | reduction in our low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits.

In addition, a decline in local or regional economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loan portfolios are more geographically diverse.

Downturns in the real estate markets in our primary market area could hurt our business.

Our business activities and credit exposure are primarily concentrated in Missouri and northern Arkansas. While we did not and do not have a sub-prime lending program, our residential real estate, construction and land loan portfolios, our commercial and multi-family loan portfolios and certain of our other loans could be affected by the downturn in the real estate market. We anticipate that significant declines in the real estate markets in our primary market area would hurt our business and would mean that collateral for our loans would hold less value. As a result, our ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate would be diminished, and we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans. The events and conditions described in this risk factor could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Inflationary pressures and rising prices may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Inflation has risen sharply since the end of 2021 to levels not seen in more than 40 years. Small and medium-sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation, as they are not able to leverage economies of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly, which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs to the Company to increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Severe weather and other natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, new public health issues or other adverse external events could harm our business.

Severe weather and other natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, new public health issues or other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. Such events could harm our operations through interference with communications, including the interruption or loss of our computer systems, which could prevent or impede us from gathering deposits, originating loans and processing and controlling the flow of business, as well as through the destruction of our facilities and our operational, financial and management information systems. There is no assurance that our business continuity and disaster recovery program can adequately mitigate these risks. Such events could also affect the stability of our deposit base, cause significant property damage, adversely affect our employees, adversely impact the values of collateral securing our loans and/or interfere with our borrowers’ abilities to repay their debt obligations to us.

Risks Relating to Credit and Lending Activities

Our allowance for credit losses may be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business. Every loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to ensure repayment. This risk is affected by, among other things:

| ● | cash flow of the borrower and/or the project being financed;

| ● | in the case of a collateralized loan, the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral;

| ● | the credit history of a particular borrower;

| ● | changes in economic and industry conditions; and

| ● | the duration of the loan.

We maintain an allowance for credit losses which we believe is appropriate to provide for expected losses over the life of loans in our portfolio. The amount of this allowance is determined by our management through a periodic review and consideration of several factors, including, but not limited to:

| ● | historical default and loss experience;

| ● | historical recovery experience;

| ● | economic conditions;

| ● | evaluation of non-performing loans;

| ● | the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans.

| ● | risk characteristics of the various classifications of loans; and

| ● | the rate of growth, quality, size and diversity of the loan portfolio;

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If actual credit losses exceed the projections modeled in arriving at our estimate of the allowance for credit losses, our business, financial condition and profitability may suffer.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU), 2016-13 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” on June 16, 2016, which changed previous allowance for loan losses methodology to consider current expected credit losses (CECL). This accounting pronouncement was applicable to us effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. The federal banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve have adopted rules that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year or five-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital. We elected the five-year period for our Company.

CECL has substantially changed how we calculate our allowance for credit losses. We have adopted CECL and prepared our consolidated financial statements based on the required methodology; however we cannot predict how it will affect our results of operations and financial condition over time, including our regulatory capital. In general, expectations are that the CECL methodology will lead to increased volatility in banking organizations’ required level of allowances at different points in the economic cycle, and in their results of operations.

If our nonperforming assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

At June 30, 2024, our nonperforming assets were $10.6 million, or 0.23% of total assets. Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:

| ● | We do not accrue interest income on nonaccrual loans, nonperforming investment securities, or other real estate owned.

| ● | We must provide for expected credit losses through a current period charge to the provision for credit losses.

| ● | Non-interest expense increases when we must write down the value of properties in our other real estate owned portfolio to reflect changing market values.

| ● | There are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance fees related to our other real estate owned.

| ● | The resolution of nonperforming assets requires the active involvement of management, which can divert management’s attention from more profitable activities.

If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our nonperforming assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See also “Regulation – Regulatory Capital Requirements.”

Our construction lending exposes us to significant risk.

Our construction loan portfolio including unfunded commitments, which totaled $438.1 million, or 11.5% of loans, net, at June 30, 2024, includes residential and non-residential construction and development loans. Construction and development lending, especially non-residential construction and development lending, is generally considered to have more complex credit risks than traditional one-to-four-family residential lending because the principal is concentrated in a limited number of loans with repayment dependent on the successful completion and sale, leasing, or operation of the related real estate project. Consequently, these loans are often more sensitive to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy than other real estate loans. These loans are generally less predictable and more difficult to evaluate and monitor and collateral may be difficult to dispose of in a market decline. Additionally, we may experience significant construction credit losses because independent appraisers or project engineers inaccurately estimate the cost or value of construction loan projects.

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Deterioration in our construction portfolio could result in increases in the provision for credit losses and an increase in charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our loan portfolio possesses increased risk due to our percentage of commercial real estate and commercial business loans.

At June 30, 2024, 60.3% of our loans, net, consisted of commercial real estate and commercial business loans to small and mid-sized businesses, generally located in our primary market area, which are the types of businesses that have a heightened vulnerability to local economic conditions. Over the last ten years, we have increased this type of lending, in order to improve the yield on our assets. At June 30, 2024, our loan portfolio included $1.6 billion of commercial real estate loans and $668.3 million of commercial business loans. The credit risk related to these types of loans is considered to be greater than the risk related to one- to four-family residential loans because the repayment of commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans typically is dependent on the successful operation and income stream of the borrower’s business or the real estate securing the loans as collateral, which can be significantly affected by economic conditions. Additionally, commercial loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to residential real estate loans. If loans that are collateralized by real estate become troubled and the value of the real estate has been significantly impaired, then we may not be able to recover the full contractual amount of principal and interest that we anticipated at the time we originated the loan, which could require us to increase our provision for credit losses and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Commercial loans not collateralized by real estate are often secured by collateral that may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise and fluctuate in value (such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment).

Several of our commercial borrowers have more than one commercial real estate or business loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to a single loan or credit relationship can expose us to significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a single one- to four-family residential mortgage loan. Finally, if we foreclose on a commercial real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral, if any, typically is longer than for one- to four-family residential property because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral. Since we plan to continue to increase our originations of these loans, it may be necessary to increase the level of our allowance for credit losses due to the increased risk characteristics associated with these types of loans. Any increase to our provision credit credit losses would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Any delinquent payments or the failure to repay these loans would hurt our operating results and financial condition.

Our loan portfolio possesses risk due to our agricultural lending.

Included in the commercial real estate loans described above are agricultural real estate loans totaling $232.5 million, or 6.1% of our loan portfolio, net, at June 30, 2024. Agricultural real estate lending involves a greater degree of risk and typically involves larger loans to single borrowers than lending on one-to-four-family residences. Payments on agricultural real estate loans are dependent on the profitable operation or management of the farm property securing the loan. The success of the farm may be affected by many factors outside the control of the farm borrower, including adverse weather conditions that prevent the planting of a crop or limit crop yields (such as hail, drought and floods), loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products (both domestically and internationally) and the impact of government regulations (including changes in price supports, subsidies, and environmental regulations). In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the farm. If the cash flow from a farming operation is diminished, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. The primary agricultural activity in our market areas is livestock, dairy, poultry, rice, timber, soybeans, wheat, melons, corn, and cotton. Accordingly, adverse circumstances affecting these activities could have an adverse effect on our agricultural real estate loan portfolio. Our agricultural real estate lending has grown significantly since June 30, 2014 when these loans totaled $63.8 million, or 8.0% of our loan portfolio, and we intend to continue to grow this portion of our loan portfolio.

Included in the commercial business loans described above are agricultural production and equipment loans. At June 30, 2024, these loans totaled $176.0 million, or 4.6%, of our loan portfolio, net. As with agricultural real estate loans, the repayment of operating loans is dependent on the successful operation or management of the farm property.

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The same risk applies to agricultural operating loans which are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as farm equipment or assets such as livestock or crops. Any repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation to the collateral. Our agricultural operating loans have also grown significantly since June 30, 2014, when such loans totaled $53.4 million, or 6.7% of our loan portfolio, and we intend to continue to grow this portion of our loan portfolio.

At times, various agricultural commodity prices have been negatively impacted by recent actions taken, or which are feared could be taken, by governments in markets where U.S. agricultural products are exported. Declines in the pricing available to U.S. farmers negatively impacts cash flows for these borrowers to service their debts, and negatively affects the value of real estate and equipment which may be pledged as collateral to secure borrowings. In addition to the various risks to farm operations and management noted above, agricultural loans often are structured for annual payments, to coincide with borrower cash flows. As compared to other loan types which generally require monthly payments, an annual payment schedule may increase risk that the Company would not timely identify a borrower experiencing financial difficulties, hindering its ability to work to mitigate losses.

Continued growth of our commercial real estate and commercial business loan portfolios may increase the risk of credit defaults in the future.

Due to our emphasis on commercial real estate and commercial business lending, a substantial amount of the loans in our commercial real estate and commercial business portfolios and our lending relationships are of relatively recent origin. In general, loans do not begin to show signs of credit deterioration or default until they have been outstanding for some period of time, a process referred to as “seasoning.” A portfolio of older loans will usually behave more predictably than a newer portfolio. Commercial real estate and commercial business loans naturally create portfolio “churn” as loans are originated and repaid. As a result, our portfolio consists of a mix of seasoned and unseasoned loans. We believe that our underwriting practices are sound and based on industry standards and best practices. However, a significant portion of our loan portfolio is relatively new. Therefore, the current level of delinquencies and defaults may not be representative of the level that will prevail as the portfolio becomes more seasoned, which may be higher than current levels. If delinquencies and defaults increase, we may be required to increase our provision for credit losses, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Credit losses on investment securities could require charges to earnings, which could negatively impact our results of operations.

In assessing the potential credit losses of investment securities, we are required to evaluate instances in which the fair value of particular securities are less than their amortized cost basis. The evaluation considers factors including; past events, current conditions, and reasonable & supportable forecasts, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. A qualitative determination is acceptable. There were no credit-related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS securities at June 30, 2024, or June 30, 2023.

Risks Relating to Market Interest Rates

Changes in interest rates may negatively affect our earnings and the value of our assets.

Our earnings and cash flows depend substantially upon our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions, competition and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the policies of the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and investment securities and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but these changes could also affect: (i) our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits; (ii) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, including our securities portfolio; and (iii) the average duration of our interest-earning assets. This also includes the risk that interest-earning assets may be more responsive to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing liabilities, or vice versa

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(repricing risk), the risk that the individual interest rates or rate indices underlying various interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities may not change in the same degree over a given time period (basis risk), and the risk of changing interest rate relationships across the spectrum of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability maturities (yield curve risk), including a prolonged flat or inverted yield curve environment. Any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See also, Part II, Item 7(a) “Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis”.

We may incur losses on our securities portfolio due to factors beyond our control, including changes in interest rates.

Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by, or other adverse events affecting the issuer or the underlying securities, and changes in market interest rates and continued instability in the capital markets. Any of these factors, among others, could cause credit impairments and realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income, which could have a material effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is due to credit usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the declines in market value will not result in other-than-temporary impairments of these assets and lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels. For the year ended June 30, 2024, we did not incur any credit impairments on our securities portfolio.

Risks Relating to Liquidity

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition.

Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or the terms of which are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans are concentrated or an adverse regulatory action against us. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry generally.

Risks Relating to Merger and Acquisition Activities

We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition activities.

The success of our acquisition activities depends on, among other things, our ability to realize anticipated cost savings and to combine the businesses of the companies in a manner that does not materially disrupt the existing customer relationships of the companies or result in decreased revenues from customers. If we are unable to achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions may not be realized fully, if at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.

We have pursued a strategy of supplementing internal growth by acquiring other financial companies or their assets and liabilities that we believe will help fulfill our strategic objectives and enhance our earnings. There are risks associated with this strategy, including the following:

| ● | We may be exposed to potential asset quality issues or unknown or contingent liabilities of the banks, businesses, assets and liabilities we acquire. If these issues or liabilities exceed our estimates, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected;

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| ● | Prices at which acquisitions can be made fluctuate with market conditions. We have experienced times during which acquisitions could not be made in specific markets at prices we considered acceptable and expect that we will experience this condition in the future;

| ● | The acquisition of other entities generally requires integration of systems, procedures and personnel of the acquired entity into us to make the transaction economically successful. This integration process is complicated and time consuming and can also be disruptive to the customers of the acquired business. If the integration process is not conducted successfully and with minimal effect on the acquired business and its customers, we may not realize the anticipated economic benefits of particular acquisitions within the expected time frame, or at all, and we may lose customers or employees of the acquired business. We may also experience greater than anticipated customer losses even if the integration process is successful;

| ● | To the extent our costs of an acquisition exceed the fair value of the net assets acquired, the acquisition will generate goodwill. We are required to assess our goodwill for impairment at least annually, and any goodwill impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition;

| ● | To finance an acquisition, we may borrow funds, thereby increasing our leverage and diminishing our liquidity, or raise additional capital, which could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders; and

| ● | We have completed six acquisitions since June 2017 which enhanced our rate of growth. We do not necessarily expect to be able to maintain our past rate of growth, and may not be able to grow at all in the future.

Risks Relating to Future Growth

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high.

We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. While we anticipate that our capital resources will satisfy our capital requirements for the foreseeable future, we may at some point need to raise additional capital to support our operations or continued growth, both internally and through acquisitions. Any capital we obtain may result in the dilution of the interests of existing holders of our common stock, or otherwise adversely affect your investment.

Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial condition and performance. Accordingly, we cannot make assurances of our ability to raise additional capital if needed, or if the terms will be acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations through internal growth and acquisitions could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.

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Risks Relating to Regulation

Legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation, could adversely impact us or the businesses in which we are engaged.

The financial services industry is extensively regulated. We are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision and legislation that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Laws and regulations may change from time to time and are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors and the deposit insurance funds, and not to benefit our shareholders. The impact of any changes to laws and regulations or other actions by regulatory agencies may negatively impact us or our ability to increase the value of our business. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on the operation of an institution, the classification of assets by the institution and the adequacy of an institution’s allowance for credit losses. Additionally, actions by regulatory agencies or significant litigation against us could require us to devote significant time and resources to defending our business and may lead to penalties that materially affect us and our shareholders.

Non-compliance with USA Patriot Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions.

The USA Patriot and Bank Secrecy Acts require financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected, financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions. Several banking institutions have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations. Although we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that these policies and procedures will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations, some of which is expected to increase our costs of operations.

We are currently subject to extensive examination, supervision and comprehensive regulation by the FDIC, the Missouri Division of Finance, and the Federal Reserve. The FDIC, the Missouri Division of Finance, and the Federal Reserve govern the activities in which we may engage, primarily for the protection of depositors and the Deposit Insurance Fund. These regulatory authorities have extensive discretion, including the ability to restrict an institution’s operations, require the institution to reclassify assets, determine the adequacy of the institution’s allowance for credit losses and determine the level of deposit insurance premiums assessed. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, new regulations or legislation or additional deposit insurance premiums could have a material adverse impact on our operations. Because our business is highly regulated, the laws and applicable regulations are subject to frequent change. See “Government Supervision and Regulation.”

The Federal Reserve and the Missouri Division of Finance regulate the activities in which the Bank may engage primarily for the protection of depositors and not for the protection or benefit of stockholders. In addition, new laws and regulations may increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business and otherwise affect our operations. New laws and regulations may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the markets for and value of our loans and investments, the fees we can charge and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Regulatory changes regarding card interchange fee income do not currently apply to us but could change in the future. Further, legislative proposals limiting our rights as a creditor could result in credit losses or increased expense in pursuing our remedies as a creditor.

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We currently exceed thresholds defined in interagency guidance on commercial real estate concentrations, and as such, we may incur additional expense or slow the growth of certain categories of commercial real estate lending.

The federal banking agencies have issued guidance on sound risk management practices for concentrations in commercial real estate lending (see “REGULATION – Guidance on Commercial Real Estate Concentrations”). For the purposes of this guidance, “commercial real estate” includes, among other types, multi-family residential loans and non-owner occupied nonresidential loans, two categories which have been a source of loan growth for the Company. A bank that has experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, has notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate loan, or is approaching or exceeding the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory analysis with respect to real estate concentration risk: total loans for construction land development and other land representing 100% or more of the bank’s tier 1 regulatory capital plus the allowance for loan losses includable in total regulatory capital; or total commercial real estate loans (as defined in the guidance) that exceed 300% of the bank’s tier 1 regulatory capital plus the allowance for credit losses includable in total regulatory capital and the bank’s commercial real estate portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months.

The Bank’s concentration in non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans was 317.5% of Tier 1 capital and ACL at June 30, 2024, as compared to 330.2% as of June 30, 2023, with these loans representing 41.5% of total loans at June 30, 2024. The 36-month growth rate at June 30, 2024, inclusive of acquisitions, was 84.2%. The Company’s non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans was 305.3% of Tier 1 capital and ACL at June 30, 2024, as compared to 316.9% as of June 30, 2023.

The Company’s non-owner occupied commercial real estate includes other nonfarm nonresidential real estate (174.4% as a percentage of Tier 1 capital and ACL), multifamily properties (74.6% as a percentage of Tier 1 capital and ACL), and construction and land development (56.3% as a percentage of Tier 1 capital and ACL). The majority of these loans are concentrated within the company’s primary operational footprint. The other nonfarm nonresidential real estate portfolio includes a variety of collateral types, with hospitality (hotels/restaurants), care facilities, retail stand-alone properties, and strip centers being the most common. The hospitality and retail segments are predominantly composed of franchised businesses. Care facilities primarily consist of skilled nursing and assisted living centers, while strip centers are defined as non-mall shopping centers with multiple tenants.

The Bank and Company may see its non-owner occupied commercial real estate lending grow as a percentage of total regulatory capital, or it may slow the growth of this type of lending activity. Should we continue to grow this category of our loan portfolio, we may incur additional expense to meet increasing supervisory expectations related to this lending activity. If we slow the growth of commercial real estate loans generally, or particular concentrations of borrowers or categories of properties within that definition, we may be negatively impacted in terms of our asset growth, net interest margin and earnings, leverage, or other targets.

Climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives may materially affect our business and results of operations.

The effects of climate change continue to create an alarming level of concern for the state of the global environment. As a result, the global business community has increased its political and social awareness surrounding the issue, and the United States has entered into international agreements in an attempt to reduce global temperatures, such as reentering the Paris Agreement. Further, the U.S. Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies continue to propose numerous initiatives to supplement the global effort to combat climate change. Similar initiatives can be expected to be implemented by the federal banking regulators, including potentially increasing supervisory expectations with respect to banks’ risk management practices, accounting for the effects of climate change in stress testing scenarios and systemic risk assessments, revising expectations for credit portfolio concentrations based on climate-related factors and encouraging investment by banks in climate-related initiatives and lending to communities disproportionately impacted by the effects of climate change. The lack of empirical data surrounding the credit and other financial risks posed by climate change render it difficult, or even impossible, to predict how specifically climate change may impact our financial condition and results of operations. however, the physical effects of climate change may also directly impact us. Specifically, unpredictable and more frequent weather disasters may adversely impact the real property, and/or the value of the real property, securing the loans in our portfolios. Additionally, if insurance obtained by our borrowers is insufficient

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to cover any losses sustained to the collateral, or if insurance coverage is otherwise unavailable to our borrowers, the collateral securing our loans may be negatively impacted by climate change, natural disasters and related events, which could impact our financial condition and results of operations. Further, the effects of climate change may negatively impact regional and local economic activity, which could lead to an adverse effect on our customers and impact the communities in which we operate. Overall, climate change, its effects and the resulting, unknown impact could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Technology and Cyber Security and Other Operational Matters

The Company continually encounters technological change.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services, including the entrance of financial technology companies offering new financial service products. The Company regularly upgrades or replaces core technological systems. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and reduce costs. The Company’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Company’s operations. Many of the Company’s competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. The Company may encounter significant problems or may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products, including the core deposit system, and services, or be successful in marketing the new products and services to its customers. These problems might include significant time delays, cost overruns, loss of key people, and technological system failures. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry or failure to successfully complete the replacement of the core deposit system, or another core technological system, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to security and operational risks relating to our use of technology that could damage our reputation and business.

Security breaches in our mobile and consumer and commercial internet banking activities and wealth management or mobile access could expose us to possible liability and damage our reputation. Any compromise of our security also could deter customers from using our internet banking services that involve the transmission of confidential information. We rely on internet security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data. These precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of our security measures, which could damage our reputation and business.

We face significant operational risks because the financial services business involves a high volume of transactions and increased reliance on technology, including risk of loss related to cyber-security breaches.

We operate in diverse markets and rely on the ability of our employees and systems to process a high number of transactions and to collect, process, transmit and store significant amounts of confidential information regarding our customers, employees and others and concerning our own business, operations, plans and strategies. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including but not limited to, the risk of fraud by employees or persons outside our company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, systems failures or interruptions, breaches of our internal control systems and compliance requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of operational deficiencies or as a result of non-compliance with applicable regulatory standards or customer attrition due to potential negative publicity. In addition, we outsource some of our data processing to certain third-party providers. If these third-party providers encounter difficulties, including as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected.

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The financial services industry has noted recent increases in electronic fraudulent activity, attempted security breaches, and cyber-attacks, including attempts to initiate fraudulent activity through consumer, commercial, and public unit accounts. We are regularly the target of attempted cyber and other security threats and must continuously monitor and develop our information technology networks and infrastructure to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses and other events that could have a security impact. Insider or employee cyber and security threats are increasingly a concern for companies, including ours. We are not aware that we have experienced any material misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential or personally identifiable information as a result of a cybersecurity breach or other act, however, some of our clients may have been affected by these breaches, which could increase their risks of identity theft, credit card fraud and other fraudulent activity that could involve their accounts with us.

In the event of a breakdown in our internal control systems, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, or a breach of our security systems, including if confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost, we could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action, civil litigation and/or suffer damage to our reputation.

Our information technology systems may be subject to failure, interruption, or security breaches.

Information technology systems are critical to our business. We use various technology systems to manage our customer relationships, general ledger, securities investments, deposits, and loans. We have established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of system failures, interruptions, and security breaches, including privacy breaches and cyber-attacks, but such events may still occur or may not be adequately addressed if they do occur.

There have been increasing efforts by third parties to breach data security at financial institutions. There have been a number of instances involving financial services and consumer-based companies reporting the unauthorized disclosure of client or customer information or the destruction or theft of corporate data. Although we take protective measures, the security of our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, or other malicious code and cyber-attacks that could have an impact on information security. Because the techniques used to cause security breaches change frequently, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.

Information security risks continue to increase due to new technologies, the increasing use of the Internet and telecommunication technologies (including mobile devices) to conduct financial and other business transactions, and the increasing sophistication and activities of organized crime, perpetrators of fraud, hackers, and others. The Company makes significant investments in various technology to identify and prevent intrusions into its information system. The Company also has policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of failure, interruption or security breach of its information systems and performs regular audits using both internal and outside resources. However, there can be no assurances that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur, or if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. In addition to unauthorized access, denial-of-service attacks, or other operational disruptions could overwhelm Company websites and prevent the Company from adequately serving customers. Should any of the Company’s systems become compromised or customer information be obtained by unauthorized parties, the reputation of the Company could be damaged, relationships with existing customers may be impaired, and the Company could be subject to lawsuits, all of which could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s operations rely on certain external vendors.

The Company relies on third-party vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain day-to-day operations. For example, the Company outsources a portion of its information systems, communication, data management, and transaction processing to third parties. Accordingly, the Company is exposed to the risk that these vendors might not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements or service level agreements for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, changes in the vendor’s organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services, or strategic focus. Such failure to perform could be disruptive to the Company’s operations, which could have a materially adverse impact on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

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These third parties are also sources of risk associated with operational errors, system interruptions or breaches and unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. If the vendors encounter any of these issues, the Company could be exposed to disruption of service, damage to reputation and litigation. Because the Company is an issuer of debit cards, it is periodically exposed to losses related to security breaches which occur at retailers that are unaffiliated with the Company (e.g., customer card data being compromised at retail stores). These losses include, but are not limited to, costs and expenses for card reissuance as well as losses resulting from fraudulent card transactions.

The occurrence of any system failures, interruption, or breach of security could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to litigation and possible financial liability. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral we hold cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices insufficient to recover the full amount of the loan. We cannot assure you that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Significant legal actions could subject us to substantial liabilities.

We are from time to time subject to claims related to our operations. These claims and legal actions, including supervisory actions by our regulators, could involve large monetary claims and significant defense costs. As a result, we may be exposed to substantial liabilities, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. See also, Item 3. “Legal Proceedings”.

Risks Relating to Earnings and Capital from Potential Impairment of Intangible or Deferred Tax Assets

Impairment of intangible assets or deferred tax assets could require charges to earnings, which could negatively impact our results of operations.

Deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent it is more likely than not they will be realized. Should our management determine it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized, a valuation allowance with a charge to earnings would be reflected in the period. At June 30, 2024, our net deferred tax asset was $11.2 million, none of which was disallowed for regulatory capital purposes. Based on the levels of taxable income in prior years and our expectation of profitability in the current year and future years, management has determined that no valuation allowance was required at June 30, 2024. If we are required in the future to take a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred tax asset, our financial condition, results of operations and regulatory capital levels would be negatively affected.

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Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell our common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.

We cannot predict how our common stock will trade in the future. The market value of our common stock will likely continue to fluctuate in response to a number of factors including the following, most of which are beyond our control, as well as the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section:

| ● | actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating and financial results;

| ● | developments related to investigations, proceedings or litigation;

| ● | changes in financial estimates and recommendations by financial analysts;

| ● | dispositions, acquisitions and financings;

| ● | actions of our current shareholders, including sales of common stock by existing shareholders and our directors and executive officers;

| ● | fluctuations in the stock prices and operating results of our competitors;

| ● | regulatory developments; and

| ● | other developments in the financial services industry.

The market value of our common stock may also be affected by conditions affecting the financial markets in general, including price and trading fluctuations. These conditions may result in (i) volatility in the level of, and fluctuations in, the market prices of stocks generally and, in turn, our common stock and (ii) sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the market, in each case that could be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market value of our common stock. Currently, market prices of stocks issued by financial institutions have been negatively impacted by interest rates which are at historic lows and anticipated to remain there, and market expectations regarding elevated future credit losses resulting from the economic effects of the pandemic.

Regulatory and contractual restrictions may limit or prevent us from paying dividends on and repurchasing our common stock.

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., is an entity separate and distinct from its subsidiary bank and derives substantially all of its revenue in the form of dividends from the Bank. Accordingly, the Company is and will be dependent upon dividends from its subsidiary bank to pay the principal of and interest on its indebtedness, to satisfy its other cash needs and to pay dividends on its common and preferred stock. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to its ability to earn net income and to meet certain regulatory requirements. In the event the subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company, the Company may not be able to pay dividends on its common or preferred stock. Also, the Company’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon the subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In addition, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and our board of directors could reduce, suspend or eliminate our common stock cash dividend in the future.

If we defer interest payments on our outstanding junior subordinated debt securities or if certain defaults relating to those debt securities occur, we will be prohibited from declaring or paying dividends or distributions on, and from making liquidation payments with respect to, our common stock.

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding $24.3 million aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated debt securities issued in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities by subsidiaries of ours that are statutory business trusts. As of that date, those debt securities were carried at a book value of $23.2 million.

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We guarantee the trust preferred securities described above. The indentures under which the junior subordinated debt securities were issued, together with the guarantee, prohibit us, subject to limited exceptions, from declaring or paying any dividends or distributions on, or redeeming, repurchasing, acquiring or making any liquidation payments with respect to, any of our capital stock at any time when (i) there shall have occurred and be continuing an event of default under the indenture; (ii) we are in default with respect to payment of any obligations under the guarantee; or (iii) we have elected to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated debt securities. In that regard, we are entitled, at our option but subject to certain conditions, to defer payments of interest on the junior subordinated debt securities from time to time for up to five years.

Events of default under the indentures generally consist of our failure to pay interest on the junior subordinated debt securities under certain circumstances, our failure to pay any principal of or premium on such junior subordinated debt securities when due, our failure to comply with certain covenants under the indenture, and certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation relating to us.

As a result of these provisions, if we were to elect to defer payments of interest on the junior subordinated debt securities, or if any of the other events described in clause (i) or (ii) of the second paragraph of this risk factor were to occur, we would be prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends on our common stock, from redeeming, repurchasing or otherwise acquiring any of our common stock, and from making any payments to holders of our common stock in the event of our liquidation, which would likely have a material adverse effect on the market value of our common stock. Moreover, without notice to or consent from the holders of our common stock, we may issue additional series of junior subordinated debt securities in the future with terms similar to those of our existing junior subordinated debt securities or enter into other financing agreements that limit our ability to purchase or to pay dividends or distributions on our capital stock, including our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our shareholders.

Provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, Missouri law and various other factors may make it more difficult for companies or persons to acquire control of us without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include limitations on voting rights of beneficial owners of more than 10% of our common stock, the election of directors to staggered terms of three years and not permitting cumulative voting in the election of directors. Our bylaws also contain provisions regarding the timing and content of shareholder proposals and nominations for service on the Board of Directors.

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Item 1B.​ ​Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity

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Cybersecurity and Risk Management

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As a financial institution, we are confronted with a spectrum of cyber threats, ranging from common attacks like ransomware to sophisticated, organized assaults by nation-state actors. These risks extend to our customers, shareholders, suppliers, and partners. Maintaining resilience in our cybersecurity posture is not just a priority but a fundamental necessity to safeguard our operations, performance, and maintaining customer confidence in our financial services.

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The Board of Directors oversees management’s processes for identifying and mitigating risks, including cybersecurity risks, to help align our risk appetite with our strategic objectives. Our risk management program is designed to identify, measure, monitor and control all significant risks across various aspects of the Company. Cybersecurity risk management processes are integrated into this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and potential of cyber threats. Our Information Security (“IS”) Officer leads our cybersecurity program, reporting

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directly to the Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and provides reports and updates to the information Technology (“IT”) Committee, and the Board of Directors monthly or more frequently as required.

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Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to maintain appropriate layers of safeguards to protect information systems from possible threats and to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our systems or information. Our information security program aligns with industry frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework, Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) Information Technology Examination Handbooks, and the FFIEC Cybersecurity Assessment Tool, and is periodically reviewed and updated at least annually or more frequently upon significant changes to our operating environment. Our Information Security Program is led by our Information Security Officer in conjunction with our Information Technology Officer.

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We maintain an Incident Response Plan (“IRP”) that provides a documented framework for responding to actual or potential cybersecurity incidents. The Incident Response Team (‘IRT”) members include senior management and other relevant personnel with defined roles and responsibilities. The IRP addresses roles, responsibilities, and communication and contract strategies in the event of a compromise, including analysis of reportable events in accordance with applicable legal and compliance requirements. The IRT is notified of all incidents, and incidents are elevated to the Board of Directors when warranted.

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We rely on a series of processes to identify threats, hazards, and other risks to our information assets. We employ a variety of preventative and detective tools designed to monitor, detect, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious and unauthorized activity and to report on suspected advanced persistent threats. In addition to regular risk assessments, we rely on independent assessments, audits, and cybersecurity feeds from vendors, including directly into patch and vulnerability management tools. We engage cybersecurity experts and third-party specialists to perform regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems and network architecture. We also leverage internal and external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review our processes, systems, and controls, including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness. We have regular and ongoing security education and training for employees and recovery and resilience tests. The Bank also retains third-party experts to conduct intrusion and penetration testing on an annual basis. All risk and security assessments results are shared with the IT Committee and Board of Directors.

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Our information assets are classified and protected based on the results of our risk assessment practices, which assess a variety of critical factors, including the type of data stored, system availability needs, confidentiality requirements, recovery time objectives, transactional processing, the number of users, and the volume and magnitude of transactions. Our IS and IT teams meet to ensure that risks are timely identified, patches and vulnerability requirements are monitored, and the necessary changes are implemented.

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Our IT governance ensures alignment between the Company's technological strategy and business goals. We strive for efficient utilization of IT resources while effectively managing IT risks within the Company's risk appetite.

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Oversight and Identification of Risks Associated with Third Parties

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Third party risk management is a component of our vendor management program. New vendors are reviewed prior to onboarding to ensure proper oversight and identify potential risks. Ongoing monitoring of emerging risks related to third-party services providers is performed periodically according to the vendor’s risk rating. Vendor reviews include risk reviews for financial, reputation, information security, cybersecurity and business resiliency risk. These reviews are reported to the IT Committee and Board of Dirctors for approval..

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Identified Cybersecurity Risks

Federal regulators have issued multiple statements and guidance regarding cybersecurity and that financial institutions need to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised client credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate clients accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. In addition, a financial

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institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the timely recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations in the event of a cyber-attack. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to a cyber-attack. If a financial institution fails to observe the regulatory guidance, they could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.

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In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our operations to store and transmit sensitive data. We employ a layered, defensive approach that leverages people, processes, and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We employ a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Notwithstanding the strength of our defensive measures, the threat from cyber-attacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume, and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive measures. While to date we have not detected a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, our systems and those of our clients and third-party service providers are under constant threat and there can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program will be fully effective in protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information systems and our solutions. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by us and our customers. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity. See “Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Third Parties and Technology” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K for a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity.

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Management and Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks

Our cybersecurity program is managed by the Information Security Officer who leads our IS team responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes. The Information Security Officer provides periodic reports to the IT Committee and Board of Directors. These reports address key cybersecurity topics, including the implementation and operation of preventative controls and the detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The Chief Operating Officer, Chief Risk Officer, and board-level risk committees of the Bank provide comprehensive reports to the full Board of Directors regarding pertinent cybersecurity risk management topics.

​

Our Information Security Officer has more than 40 years’ experience in financial services, substantial relevant expertise and formal training in the areas of information security, information technology, and cybersecurity risk management and is accountable for managing our enterprise information security department and developing and implementing our cybersecurity and information security programs. These qualifications, certifications, and experience include a degree from Missouri State University with focus on Business Administration Systems coursework.

​

​

Item 2.​ ​Description of Properties

At June 30, 2024, the Bank operated from its headquarters, 62 full-service branch offices, three limited-service branch offices, and two LPOs. The Bank owns the office building and related land in which its headquarters are located, and 59 of its branch offices. The remaining seven branch offices are either leased or partially owned.

For additional information regarding our properties, see "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 5 – Premises and Equipment".

Management believes that our current facilities are adequate to meet our present and immediately foreseeable needs. However, we will continue to monitor customer growth and expand our branching network, if necessary, to serve our customers’ needs.

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Item 3.​ ​Legal Proceedings

In the opinion of management, the Company and its Bank subsidiary are not parties to any pending claims or lawsuits that are expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or operations. Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Company or the Bank, mainly as defendants, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Company or the Bank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans and other activities incident to the Company’s or the Bank’s business. Aside from such pending claims and lawsuits, which are incident to the conduct of the Company’s or the Bank’s ordinary business, the Company and the Bank are not parties to any material pending legal proceedings that are expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or operations of the Company.

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Item 4.​ ​Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 4A. Information About Our Executive Officers

​

Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K and the instructions of Form 401 and Regulation S-K, the following information is furnished in lieu of being included in the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement.

​

The following information as to the business experience during the past five years is supplied with respect to executive officers of the Company who are not directors of the Company or the Bank, with the exception of Mr. Steffens, who is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank, and Mr. Funke, who is a director of the Bank. There are no arrangements or understandings between the persons named and any other person pursuant to which such officers were selected.

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Greg A. Steffens, age 57, the Company’s Chairman of the Board (“Chairman”), and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), joined our Company in 1998 as Chief Financial Officer, and was appointed President and CEO in 1999. He has over 34 years of experience in the banking industry, including service from 1993 to 1998 as chief financial officer of Sho-Me Financial Corp (Mount Vernon, Missouri), prior to the sale of that company to Union Planters Corporation. Mr. Steffens also served from 1989 to 1993 as an examiner with the Office of Thrift Supervision. Mr. Steffens holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration-Accounting and Finance from the University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri. Effective July 1, 2022, Mr. Steffens became Chairman and CEO of the Company.

Matthew T. Funke, age 47, the Company’s President and Chief Administrative Officer, joined our Company in 2003. He has more than 25 years of banking and finance experience. Mr. Funke was initially hired to establish an internal audit function for the Company, and served as internal auditor and compliance officer until 2006, when he was named Chief Financial Officer. Previously, Mr. Funke was employed with Central Bancompany, Inc. (Jefferson City, Missouri), where he advanced to the role of internal audit manager, and as a fiscal analyst with the Missouri General Assembly. Mr. Funke holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, and is a graduate of the Southwest Graduate School of Banking at SMU, Dallas, Texas. Effective July 1, 2022, Mr. Funke was promoted to President and Chief Administrative Officer of the Company and to President and CEO of the Bank. He was also named a director of the Bank.

Stefan Chkautovich, age 39, became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer on September 18, 2023. Mr. Chkautovich, has over 17 years of banking experience, having most recently been Chief Financial Officer of Midwest Regional Bank (St. Louis, Missouri) for two years. Prior to that, Mr. Chkautovich worked at Kennedy Capital Management (St. Louis, Missouri) as assistant portfolio manager of Kennedy Capital’s Bank Sector Strategy and a financial analyst focusing on the financial services sector for six years. Mr. Chkautovich also served in several positions as an examiner for the Federal Reserve Bank at St. Louis, for over nine years, with the last one being Senior Bank Examiner, and is a commissioned bank examiner. Mr. Chkautovich holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration- Finance from the University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.

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Kimberly A. Capps, age 56, the Company’s Chief Operations Officer, joined our Company in 1994. She has over 31 years of banking experience. Ms. Capps is responsible for the Company’s retail deposit operations, product development and marketing, enterprise data and delivery, and banking applications. Ms. Capps was initially hired by our bank subsidiary as controller, and was named Chief Financial Officer in 2001. In 2006, Ms. Capps was named Chief Operations Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Capps was employed for more than three years with the accounting firm of Kraft, Miles & Tatum (Poplar Bluff, Missouri), where she specialized in financial institution audits and taxation. She holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration-Accounting from Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri.

Justin G. Cox, age 44, is our Regional President for the Bank’s west region, in which role he is responsible for loan production activity in the region, and also provides joint oversight of the deposit-taking operation in the region. Mr. Cox joined our Company in 2010 as a lending officer, as an integral part of the team which established our presence in Springfield, Missouri, through the opening of a loan production office in that market. Mr. Cox has more than 21 years banking experience. He previously worked for Metropolitan National Bank (Springfield, Missouri), and advanced to the role of Vice President of Lending for that institution. Mr. Cox holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration-Marketing & Management from Southwest Baptist University, Bolivar, Missouri.

Mark E. Hecker, age 58, the Company’s Chief Credit Officer, joined our Company in January 2017. Mr. Hecker is responsible for administration of the Company’s credit portfolio, including the approval process for proposed new credits and monitoring of the portfolio’s credit quality. Mr. Hecker has over 34 years of banking experience, having most recently served twelve years with BankLiberty (Liberty, Missouri) as its Chief Lending Officer. Prior to that, Mr. Hecker served as a commercial banker for Midland Bank (Lee’s Summit, Missouri) and its successor organization, Commercial Federal Bank (Omaha, Nebraska) for eight years. Mr. Hecker was employed as an examiner with the FDIC for more than six years and is a Commissioned Bank Examiner. Mr. Hecker holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration-Accounting from the University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri.

Rick A. Windes, age 60, the Company’s Chief Lending Officer, joined our Company in May 2018. Mr. Windes is responsible for the Company’s loan production. Mr. Windes has 31 years of experience in commercial lending and lending management. Most recently, he served as a regional president in Springfield, Missouri, for Bear State Bank (Little Rock, Arkansas), prior to its merger with Arvest Bank. Previously, he was the senior lender for Metropolitan National Bank (Springfield, Missouri) prior to its acquisition by Bear State Bank. Mr. Windes holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration from Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, and is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.

Brett A. Dorton, age 52, the Company’s Chief Strategies Officer, joined our Company in November 2018, through the Gideon Acquisition. Mr. Dorton had served as President and Director at First Commercial Bank, Gideon’s bank subsidiary. Mr. Dorton was employed by First Commercial Bank for 19 years, including five years as President. Mr. Dorton is responsible for oversight of the Company’s entry into wealth management and commercial and consumer insurance brokerage, will serve a key role in future merger and acquisition activity, and is assisting in continued management of the acquired First Commercial Bank lending portfolio and its transition to appropriate lending officers in various Southern Bank markets. Mr. Dorton has 28 years of experience in bank management, lending, fixed income portfolio management, and wealth management advisory services. Prior to his employment by First Commercial Bank, he was a loan officer with First Midwest Bank of Dexter. Mr. Dorton holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics and Finance from Union University, Jackson, Tennessee, and is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He holds Series 7 and 63 securities licenses.

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Lance K. Greunke, age 53, the Company’s Chief Risk Officer, joined our Company in February 2022 through the Fortune acquisition. Mr. Greunke is responsible for the oversight of the Company’s information security, information technology, internal audit, loan review, BSA, CRA, and compliance functions. Mr. Greunke began his banking career as a part-time teller at Southern Commercial Bank (St. Louis, Missouri) in 1988. Mr. Greunke’s full-time banking career began in 1992 as a staff accountant at Central West End Bank, AFSB (St. Louis, Missouri) where he progressed to Chief Financial Officer. In 2006, after the sale of Central West End Bank, Mr. Greunke joined Reliance Bancshares, Inc. (St. Louis, Missouri), a publicly traded bank holding company as a banking subsidiary Controller. In 2008, Mr. Greunke was Section 32 qualified by the FDIC and Federal Reserve Bank to serve as EVP and CFO of Concord Bancshares, Inc. and Concord Bank (St. Louis, Missouri) and during his tenure he was named Interim President of Concord Bank. In 2012, Mr. Greunke joined Fortune Financial Corporation and FortuneBank (St. Louis, Missouri) as EVP and CFO and in 2016 was promoted to President with oversight of the bank’s daily operations. Mr. Greunke holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with an emphasis in Accounting from the University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri.

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PART II

Item 5.​ ​Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The common stock of Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., is traded under the symbol “SMBC” on the Nasdaq Global Market. At September 8, 2024, there were 11,277,737 shares of common stock outstanding and approximately 468 common stockholders of record.

Our cash dividend payout policy is continually reviewed by management and the Board of Directors. The Company intends to continue its policy of paying quarterly dividends; however, future dividend payments will depend upon a number of factors, including capital requirements, regulatory limitations (See “Item 1. Description of Business – Regulation”), the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. The Company relies significantly upon such dividends originating from the Bank to accumulate earnings for payment of cash dividends to stockholders. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Common Stock – Regulatory and Contractual Restrictions may limit or prevent us from paying dividends on and repurchasing our common stock.”

Information regarding our equity compensation plans is included in Part II, Item 11 of this Form 10-K.

Stock Repurchases

From time to time, the Company has utilized share repurchase programs. On May 20, 2021, the Company announced its intention to repurchase up to 445,000 shares of its common stock, or approximately 5.0% of its 8.9 million outstanding common shares. The shares will be purchased at prevailing market prices in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to availability and general market conditions. Repurchased shares will be held as treasury shares to be used for general corporate purposes.

From time to time, the Company may utilize a pre-arranged trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to repurchase its shares under its repurchase programs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock repurchase activity for each month during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Total # of Shares |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Purchased as Part of a | ​ | Maximum Number
​ | ​ | Total # | ​ | Price | ​ | Publicly | ​ | of Shares That
​ | ​ | of Shares | ​ | Paid Per | ​ | Announced | ​ | May Yet Be
​ | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Share | ​ | Program | ​ | Purchased (1)
04/01/24 - 04/30/24 period |  | — | ​ | $ | — |  | — |  | 301,937
05/01/24 - 05/31/24 period |  | 51,282 | ​ |  | 41.62 |  | 51,282 |  | 250,655
06/01/24 - 06/30/24 period |  | 37,075 | ​ |  | 41.42 |  | 37,075 |  | 213,580

(1) | Represents the remaining shares available for purchase as of the last calendar day of the month shown.

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The following graph shows a comparison of stockholder return on the common stock of Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., to the cumulative total returns for the indices shown below. The graph was compiled by S&P Global Market Intelligence, a division of S&P Global, Inc. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 and reinvestment of dividends. The graph is historical only and may not be indicative of possible future performance.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Period Ending
Index |  | 6/30/19 |  | 6/30/20 |  | 6/30/21 |  | 6/30/22 |  | 6/30/23 |  | 6/30/24
Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. |  | 100.00 |  | 71.15 |  | 134.32 |  | 137.41 |  | 118.97 |  | 142.03
KBW NASDAQ Bank Index |  | 100.00 |  | 78.78 |  | 136.38 |  | 112.89 |  | 92.87 |  | 125.70
S&P U.S. SmallCap Banks Index |  | 100.00 |  | 74.72 |  | 125.60 |  | 116.20 |  | 94.55 |  | 116.29
S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Midwest Region Index |  | 100.00 |  | 73.86 |  | 120.10 |  | 106.03 |  | 85.74 |  | 112.60
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

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Item 6. Reserved

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Item 7.​ ​Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This discussion and analysis reviews our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, which are included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. You should read the information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information regarding us as provided in this Form 10-K.

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

​

The following tables set forth selected consolidated financial information and other financial data of the Company. The summary statement of financial condition information and statement of income information are derived from our consolidated financial statements, which have been audited by FORVIS MAZARS, LLP. See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Results for past periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Dollars in thousands) | ​ | At June 30,
Financial Condition Data: |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total assets | ​ | $ | 4,604,316 | ​ | $ | 4,360,211 | ​ | $ | 3,214,782 | ​ | $ | 2,700,530 | ​ | $ | 2,542,157
Loans receivable, net | ​ |  | 3,797,287 | ​ |  | 3,571,078 | ​ |  | 2,686,198 | ​ |  | 2,200,244 | ​ |  | 2,141,929
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 304,861 | ​ |  | 270,252 | ​ |  | 170,585 | ​ |  | 138,341 | ​ |  | 126,912
Cash, interest-bearing deposits and investment securities | ​ |  | 184,437 | ​ |  | 202,523 | ​ |  | 156,369 | ​ |  | 193,250 | ​ |  | 104,831
Deposits | ​ |  | 3,952,457 | ​ |  | 3,725,540 | ​ |  | 2,815,075 | ​ |  | 2,330,803 | ​ |  | 2,184,847
Borrowings | ​ |  | 102,050 | ​ |  | 133,514 | ​ |  | 37,957 | ​ |  | 57,529 | ​ |  | 70,024
Subordinated debt | ​ |  | 23,156 | ​ |  | 23,105 | ​ |  | 23,055 | ​ |  | 15,243 | ​ |  | 15,142
Stockholder's equity | ​ |  | 488,748 | ​ |  | 446,058 | ​ |  | 320,772 | ​ |  | 283,423 | ​ |  | 258,347

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ​ | For the Year Ended June 30,
Operating Data: |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Interest income | ​ | $ | 248,375 | ​ | $ | 176,416 | ​ | $ | 116,867 | ​ | $ | 109,475 | ​ | $ | 107,052
Interest expense | ​ |  | 108,892 | ​ |  | 49,671 | ​ |  | 13,300 | ​ |  | 16,789 | ​ |  | 26,916
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 139,483 | ​ |  | 126,745 | ​ |  | 103,567 | ​ |  | 92,686 | ​ |  | 80,136
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | ​ |  | 3,600 | ​ |  | 17,061 | ​ |  | 1,487 | ​ |  | (1,024) | ​ |  | 6,002
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income after provision (benefit) for credit losses | ​ |  | 135,883 | ​ |  | 109,684 | ​ |  | 102,080 | ​ |  | 93,710 | ​ |  | 74,134
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest income | ​ |  | 24,844 | ​ |  | 26,204 | ​ |  | 21,203 | ​ |  | 20,042 | ​ |  | 14,750
Noninterest expense | ​ |  | 97,617 | ​ |  | 86,425 | ​ |  | 63,379 | ​ |  | 54,047 | ​ |  | 54,452
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 63,110 | ​ |  | 49,463 | ​ |  | 59,904 | ​ |  | 59,705 | ​ |  | 34,432
Income taxes | ​ |  | 12,928 | ​ |  | 10,226 | ​ |  | 12,735 | ​ |  | 12,525 | ​ |  | 6,887
Net Income | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169 | ​ | $ | 47,180 | ​ | $ | 27,545
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share available to common stockholders | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.86 | ​ | $ | 5.22 | ​ | $ | 5.22 | ​ | $ | 3.00
Diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.85 | ​ | $ | 5.21 | ​ | $ | 5.22 | ​ | $ | 2.99
Dividends per share | ​ | $ | 0.84 | ​ | $ | 0.84 | ​ | $ | 0.80 | ​ | $ | 0.62 | ​ | $ | 0.60

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30,
Other Data: |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Number of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate Loans |  | 10,073 |  | 9,707 |  | 9,190 |  | 8,506 |  | 8,127
Deposit Accounts |  | 151,374 |  | 144,219 |  | 107,038 |  | 100,407 |  | 96,813
Full service offices |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | 49 |  | 47 |  | 46
Limited service offices |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2
Loan production offices | ​ | 2 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At or for the year ended June 30, |
Key Operating Ratios: |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Return on assets (net income divided by average assets) | ​ | 1.10 | % | 1.03 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.79 | % | 1.18 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Return on average common equity (net income available to common stockholders divided by average common equity) | ​ | 10.74 |  | 10.39 |  | 15.44 |  | 17.69 |  | 11.11 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average equity to average assets | ​ | 10.25 |  | 9.91 |  | 10.30 |  | 10.14 |  | 10.60 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate spread (spread between weighted average rate on all interest-earning assets and all interest-bearing liabilities) | ​ | 2.71 |  | 3.21 |  | 3.61 |  | 3.61 |  | 3.50 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest margin (net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets | ​ | 3.27 |  | 3.54 |  | 3.72 |  | 3.77 |  | 3.72 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest expense to average assets | ​ | 2.14 |  | 2.27 |  | 2.14 |  | 2.05 |  | 2.33 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | 121.96 |  | 123.57 |  | 124.20 |  | 122.59 |  | 117.63 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans(1) | ​ | 1.36 |  | 1.32 |  | 1.22 |  | 1.49 |  | 1.16 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans(1) | ​ | 786.17 |  | 624.93 |  | 806.02 |  | 566.16 |  | 290.38 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding loans during the period | ​ | 0.05 |  | 0.02 |  | 0.00 |  | 0.03 |  | 0.04 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets(1) | ​ | 0.23 |  | 0.26 |  | 0.20 |  | 0.30 |  | 0.44 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividend payout ratio | ​ | 18.98 |  | 22.00 |  | 15.25 |  | 11.87 |  | 20.02 | ​

| (1) | Total loans before allowance for credit losses and deferred loan fees at end of period.

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OVERVIEW

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., is a Missouri corporation originally organized for the principal purpose of becoming the holding company of Southern Bank. The principal business of Southern Bank consists of attracting deposits from the communities it serves and investing those funds in loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, as well as commercial business and consumer loans. These funds have also been used to purchase municipal, corporate, and asset-backed investment securities, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), U.S. government and federal agency obligations and other permissible securities.

Southern Bank’s results of operations are primarily dependent on the levels of its net interest margin and noninterest income, and its ability to control operating expenses and net charge offs. Net interest margin is dependent primarily on the difference or spread between the average yield earned on interest-earning assets (including loans, mortgage-related securities, and investments) and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities (including deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and borrowings), as well as the relative amounts of these assets and liabilities. Southern Bank is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest-earning assets mature or reprice at different times, or on a varying basis, from its interest-bearing liabilities.

Southern Bank’s noninterest income consists primarily of fees charged on transaction and loan accounts, interchange income from customer debit and ATM card use, gains on sales of loans, trust and wealth management services, insurance brokerage commissions, and increased cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”). Southern Bank’s operating expenses include: employee compensation and benefits, occupancy and data processing expenses, legal and professional fees, federal deposit insurance premiums, amortization of intangible assets, and other general and administrative expenses.

Southern Bank’s operations are significantly influenced by general economic conditions including monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve Board. Additionally, Southern Bank is subject to policies and regulations issued by financial institution regulatory agencies including the Federal Reserve, the Missouri Division of Finance, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Each of these factors may influence interest rates, loan demand, prepayment rates and deposit flows. Interest rates available on competing investments as well as general market interest rates influence the Bank’s cost of funds. Lending activities are affected by the demand for real estate and other types of loans, which in turn is affected by the interest rates at which such financing may be offered. Lending activities are funded through the attraction of deposit accounts consisting of checking accounts, passbook and statement savings accounts, money market deposit accounts, certificate of deposit accounts with terms of 60 months or less, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, and brokered deposits. The Bank intends to continue to focus on its lending programs for one- to four-family and multi-family residential real estate, commercial real estate, commercial business, and consumer financing on loans secured by properties or collateral located in its primary lending area or to borrowers who operate within that area.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the registrant, and provide qualitative and quantitative information necessary to understand the estimation uncertainty and the impact the critical accounting estimate has had or is reasonably likely to have on financial condition or results of operations to the extent the information is material and reasonably available. This information should include why each critical accounting estimate is subject to uncertainty and, to the extent the information is material and reasonably available, how much each estimate and/or assumption has changed over a relevant period, and sensitivity of the reported amount to the methods, assumptions and estimates underlying its calculation.

The Company has established various accounting policies, which govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Item 8 of this Form 10-K under the Notes to the Consolidated Financial

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Statements. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions made by management, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates that could have a material impact on the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the results of operations of the Company.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company's allowance for credit losses (ACL) is its estimate of credit losses expected in the loan portfolio, on unfunded lending commitments, and held-to maturity securities over the expected life of those assets or in securities available-for-sale when credit loss is identified, which is limited to the difference in fair value and cost. While these estimates are based on substantive methods for determining the required allowance, actual outcomes may differ significantly from estimated results, especially when determining required allowances for larger, complex commercial credits or unfunded lending commitments to commercial borrowers. Consumer loans, including single family residential real estate, are individually smaller and generally behave in a similar manner, and loss estimates for these credits are considered more predictable. Additionally, the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses as a calculation of expected lifetime credit losses utilizing a forward-looking forecast of macroeconomic conditions, which may differ significantly from actual results. Further discussion of the methodology used in establishing the allowance is provided in Note 1 and Note 3 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and in the “Financial Condition – Loans” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” sections of this Item 7.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

General. The Company experienced balance sheet growth in fiscal 2024, with total assets of $4.6 billion at June 30, 2024, reflecting an increase of $244.1 million, or 5.6%, as compared to June 30, 2023. Asset growth was attributable mainly to increases in loans, available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, and cash equivalents.

Cash and equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $61.4 million at June 30, 2024, an increase of $6.2 million, or 11.2%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily a result of organic deposit growth during the period, partially offset by the funding of loan growth. Total deposits were $4.0 billion at June 30, 2024, an increase of $226.9 million, or 6.1% as compared to June 30, 2023.

Investments. AFS securities were $427.9 million at June 30, 2024, an increase of $10.3 million, or 2.5%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to increased holdings of residential MBS and CMOs.

Loans. Loans, net of the ACL, were $3.8 billion at June 30, 2024, an increase of $226.2 million, or 6.3%, as compared to June 30, 2023. Gross loans increased by $230.9 million, while the ACL attributable to outstanding loan balances increased $4.7 million, or 9.8%, as compared to June 30, 2023.

The increase of $230.9 million in loan balances, net of fair value adjustments, was attributable to growth in non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, agricultural revolving lines of credit, and drawn construction loan balances. This was partially offset by payoffs and paydowns in owner-occupied commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, multi-family, and agriculture real estate loans.

Nonperforming loans were $6.7 million, or 0.17% of gross loans, at June 30, 2024, as compared to $7.7 million, or 0.21% of gross loans, at June 30, 2023. Nonperforming assets were $10.6 million, or 0.23% of total assets, at June 30, 2024, as compared to $11.3 million, or 0.26% of total assets, at June 30, 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses. ACL at June 30, 2024, totaled $52.5 million, representing 1.36% of gross loans and 786% of nonperforming loans, as compared to an ACL of $47.8 million, representing 1.32% of gross loans and 625% of nonperforming loans, at June 30, 2023. The Company has estimated its expected credit losses as of June 30, 2024, under ASC 326-20, and management believes the ACL as of that date is adequate based on that estimate. There remains, however, significant uncertainty as the Federal Reserve has tightened monetary policy to address inflation risks. Management continues to closely monitor, in particular, borrowers in the hotel industry that were slow to recover from

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the COVID-19 pandemic. See also, “Provision for Credit Losses, under Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023”.

The Company regularly reviews its ACL and makes adjustments to its balance based on management’s estimate of (1) the total expected losses included in the Company’s financial assets held at amortized cost, which is limited to the Company’s loan portfolio, and (2) any credit deterioration in the Company’s available-for-sale securities as of the balance sheet date. The Company holds no securities classified as held-to-maturity. Although the Company maintains its ACL at a level that it considers sufficient to provide for losses, there can be no assurance that future losses will not exceed internal estimates. In addition, the amount of the ACL is subject to review by regulatory agencies, which can order the Company to record additional allowances. The required ACL has been estimated based upon the guidelines in ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For a summary of changes in the ACL during the current and prior fiscal years, and a breakdown of the ACL by loan category as of the current and prior fiscal year end, see Description of Business – Asset Quality, Allowance for Credit Losses, contained within Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

The estimate involves consideration of quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the loans as segmented by the Company, and is based on an evaluation, at the reporting date, of historical loss experience and peer data, coupled with qualitative adjustments to address current economic conditions and credit quality, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Specific qualitative factors considered include, but may not be limited to:

●Changes in lending policies and/or loan review system

●National, regional, and local economic trends and/or conditions

●Changes and/or trends in the nature, volume, or terms of the loan portfolio

●Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff

●Levels and/or trends of delinquent, non-accrual, problem assets, or charge offs and recoveries

●Concentrations of credit

●Changes in collateral values

●Agricultural economic conditions

●Risks from regulatory, legal, or competitive factors

​

Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment increased to $96.0 million, up $3.6 million, or 3.8%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The increase was due primarily to an increase in premises, right-of-use assets, and furniture, fixtures, equipment, and software, partially offset by increased depreciation.

BOLI. The Bank has purchased “key person” life insurance policies (BOLI) on employees at various times since fiscal 2003, and has acquired additional BOLI in connection with certain mergers. At June 30, 2024, the cash surrender value of all such policies was $73.6 million, up $1.9 million, or 2.7%, as compared to June 30, 2023.

Intangible Assets. The July 2009 acquisition of the Southern Bank of Commerce resulted in goodwill of $126,000. The October 2013 acquisition of Ozarks Legacy Community Financial, Inc., resulted in goodwill of $1.5 million. The August 2014 acquisition of Peoples Service Company, Inc., and its subsidiary, Peoples Bank of the Ozarks (the “Peoples Acquisition”) resulted in goodwill of $3.0 million. The June 2017 acquisition of Tammcorp, Inc., and its subsidiary, Capaha Bank (the “Capaha Acquisition”) resulted in goodwill of $4.1 million and a $3.4 million core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a seven-year period using the straight-line method. The SMB-Marshfield Acquisition resulted in goodwill of $4.4 million and a $1.3 million core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a seven-year period using the straight-line method. The Gideon Acquisition resulted in goodwill of $1.0 million and a $4.1 million core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a seven-year period using the straight-line method. The May 2020 Central Federal Acquisition resulted in a bargain purchase gain of $123,000 and a $540,000 core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a six-year period using the straight-line method. The December 2021 Cairo acquisition resulted in goodwill of $442,000 and a $168,000 core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a seven-year period using the straight-line method. The February 2022 Fortune acquisition resulted in goodwill of $12.8 million and a $1.6 million core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a seven-year period using the straight-line method. The January 2023 Citizens merger resulted in goodwill of $23.5 million, as well as a $22.1 million core deposit intangible which is being amortized over a ten year period using the straight-line method, and a $2.6 million intangible related to the acquired trust and wealth management business line which is being amortized over a ten year

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period using the straight-line method. Goodwill from these acquisitions is not being amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually.

Deposits. Deposits were $4.0 billion at June 30, 2024, an increase of $226.9 million, or 6.1%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The deposit portfolio saw increases in certificates of deposit and savings accounts, which were partially offset by decreases in money market deposit accounts, interest-bearing transaction accounts, and noninterest bearing transaction accounts.

Public unit balances totaled $594.6 million at June 30, 2024, an increase of $16.1 million compared to June 30, 2023. Brokered deposits, comprised of certificates and money market deposits, totaled $173.8 million at June 30, 2024, an increase of $14.2 million compared to June 30, 2023. Our discussion of brokered deposits excludes those deposits originated through reciprocal arrangements. We continued to utilize reciprocal deposit programs, and at June 30, 2024, we had placed deposits of $575.3 million through reciprocal programs, up from $524.1 million a year earlier. At June 30, 2024, $361.0 million of this total reflected deposits we had placed on behalf of our public unit depositors, up from $331.3 million a year ago. The average loan-to-deposit ratio for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 was 96.1%, as compared to 95.8% for the same period of the prior fiscal year.

Borrowings. FHLB advances were $102.1 million at June 30, 2024, a decrease of $31.5 million, or 23.6%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The decrease in FHLB advances resulted from deposit growth and earnings retention outpacing loan growth. FHLB advances at June 30, 2024, were comprised of $102.1 million in term advances and no overnight borrowings, as compared to $62.1 million in term advances and $33.5 million overnight borrowings at June 30, 2023.

Subordinated Debt. In March 2004, $7.0 million of Floating Rate Capital Securities of Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I, with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share were issued. The securities bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2034. In connection with its October 2013 acquisition of Ozarks Legacy, the Company assumed $3.1 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in June 2005 by Ozarks Legacy in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. The carrying value of these debt securities was approximately $2.8 million at June 30, 2024, as compared to $2.7 million at June 30, 2023. In connection with the Peoples Acquisition, the Company assumed $6.5 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in 2005 by Peoples, in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. The carrying value of these debt securities was approximately $5.6 million at June 30, 2024, as compared to $5.5 million at June 30, 2023. In connection with the Fortune acquisition, the Company assumed $7.5 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. The notes had been issued in May 2021 by Fortune to a multi-lender group, bear interest through May 2026 at a fixed rate of 4.5%, and will bear interest thereafter at SOFR plus 3.77%. The notes will be redeemable at par beginning in May 2026, and mature in May 2031. The carrying value of the notes was approximately $7.6 million at June 30, 2024, as compared to $7.7 million at June 30, 2023.

Stockholders’ Equity. The Company’s stockholders’ equity was $488.7 million at June 30, 2024, an increase of $42.7 million, or 9.6%, as compared to June 30, 2023. The increase was attributable primarily to earnings retained after cash dividends paid, in combination with a $4.5 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive losses (“AOCL”) primarily as a result of the market value of the Company’s investments appreciating during the fiscal year due to the decrease in market interest rates. The reduction in AOCL was also partially due to losses of $1.5 million which were recognized during the fiscal year on the sale of AFS securities. The AOCL totaled $17.4 million at June 30, 2024, as compared to $21.9 million at June 30, 2023. The Company does not hold any securities classified as held-to-maturity. The increase in stockholders’ equity was partially offset by $3.9 million being utilized to repurchase 92,795 shares of the Company’s common stock during fiscal 2024 at an average price of $41.56 per share.

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COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

Net Income. The Company’s net income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, was $50.2 million, an increase of $10.9 million, or 27.9%, as compared to the prior fiscal year.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income for fiscal 2024 was $139.5 million, an increase of $12.7 million, or 10.1%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was attributable to a 19.3% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in the net interest margin, from 3.54% to 3.27%. Average earning asset balance growth was due primarily to loan growth, increases in investment securities, and funds held with correspondent banks, which was attributable in part to the Citizens merger in January 2023. In addition to the increased cost of deposits, change in the interest-earning asset mix also contributed to the decline in net interest margin as higher yielding loans were a lower percentage of the mix compared to 2023.

Interest Income. Interest income for fiscal 2024 was $248.4 million, an increase of $72.0 million, or 40.8%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to an increase of $690.3 million, or 19.3%, in the average balance of interest-earning assets, combined with an 89-basis point increase in the average yield earned on interest-earning assets, from 4.93% in fiscal 2023, to 5.82% in fiscal 2024.

Interest income on loans receivable for fiscal 2024 was $222.5 million, an increase of $60.3 million, or 37.2%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a $543.5 million, or 17.1%, increase in the average balance of loans receivable, combined with an 87-basis point increase in the average yield earned on loans receivable. The increase in the average yield was attributed to origination and repricing of loans and borrower refinancing as average market interest rates increased over the course of the fiscal year.

Interest income on the investment portfolio and other interest-earning assets was $25.9 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $11.7 million, or 82.2%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase was attributable to a 307-basis point increase in the yield on these assets, combined with a $146.9 million, or 36.5%, increase in the average balance of such assets. The increase in average yield was attributable to higher balances of variable-rate correspondent deposit balances, and the purchases and reinvestment at higher market interest rates of securities, the average balance of which were increasing over the course of the fiscal year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $108.9 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $59.2 million, or 119.2%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a 140-basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, to 3.11% in fiscal 2024, from 1.72% in fiscal 2023, combined with an increase of $604.1 million, or 20.9%, in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits was $102.2 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $57.8 million, or 130.1%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a 144-basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, combined with the $592.1 million, or 21.5%, increase in the average balance of those deposits. The increase in the average rate paid on deposits was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates and a more competitive deposit environment over the course of fiscal 2024.

Interest expense on FHLB advances was $5.0 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $1.4 million, or 37.7%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due primarily to a $16.3 million, or 15.2%, increase in the average balance of these advances, combined with a 66-basis point increase in the average rate paid on advances. The increase in the average rate paid was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates over the course of the fiscal year, which impacted the costs of overnight borrowings and new term advances taken during the fiscal year.

Interest expense on subordinated debt was $1.7 million for fiscal year 2024, an increase of $303,000, or 21.1%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due primarily to a 134-basis point increase in the average rate paid on subordinated debt. The increase in the average rate paid was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates over the course of the fiscal year, which impacted adjustable-rate debt.

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Provision for Credit Losses. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses (PCL) of $3.6 million for fiscal 2024, as compared to a PCL of $17.1 million for the prior fiscal year. In the prior period, the larger PCL was attributable in part to the $5.2 million charge required to fund the ACL for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans acquired in the Citizens merger, along with a $1.8 million charge to fund the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures acquired in the Citizens merger. Exclusive of the charges required as a result of the Citizens merger, the Company would have recorded a PCL of approximately $10.1 million for fiscal 2023, reflecting a $9.0 million increase in the Company’s required ACL on outstanding loans based on organic loan growth changes in the current expected credit losses on the portfolio, and a $1.1 million increase in the required allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure. In 2024 the company had a $6.6 million PCL for on-balance sheet exposure for loan growth and charge-offs and a $3.0 negative PCL for off-balance sheet exposures, as construction draws reduced available credit and increased on-balance sheet exposure. In addition, the required PCL was lower in fiscal 2024 due to the company’s assessment of the economic outlook, which improved as compared to its assessment as of June 30, 2023, but reserves were modestly increased due to increased loan balances, qualitative factors, and individually evaluated credits, slightly expanding the ACL as a percentage of total loans.

​

Our ACL at June 30, 2024, totaled $52.5 million, representing 1.36% of gross loans and 786% of nonperforming loans, as compared to an ACL of $47.8 million, representing 1.32% of gross loans and 624% of nonperforming loans, at June 30, 2023. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the Company recorded net charge offs of 0.05% during fiscal year 2024, as compared to net charge offs of 0.02% in the prior fiscal year. (See Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Critical Accounting Policies” and “Financial Condition – Allowance for Credit Losses” in this Item 7, and “Asset Quality” in Item 1 of this Form 10-K.)

​

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income was $24.8 million for fiscal 2024, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 5.2%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. Increases in bank card interchange income, wealth management fees, earnings on BOLI, and loan late charges, were more than offset by realized losses on sale of AFS securities, and lower other loan fees, other income, deposit account fees, loan servicing fees, and gains on sale of loans. Excluding the losses on sale of AFS securities, which the Company sold lower yielding securities and reinvested into higher yielding securities to improve interest income, non-interest income would have been slightly higher than the prior year. Interchange income increased due to higher card volume during the year to date, driving fee income growth. Wealth management benefitted from higher assets under management, and BOLI earnings improved due mostly to increased investments in policies, both attributable primarily to the Citizens merger and also due to asset appreciation. Also, BOLI earnings increased from higher crediting rates. These increases were more than offset by the realized losses in the investment portfolio; and inclusion in the prior-year period of a one-time gain on the sale of fixed assets of $317,000, resulting in lower other income in the current fiscal year. Other loan fees were down due to the decrease in loan origination volume, primarily in commercial and residential real estate loans, which resulted in declining recognition of new mortgage servicing rights. Deposit account charges and related fees also decreased due to changes adopted in July 2023 as to how fees are assessed on NSF items.

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense was $97.6 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $11.2 million, or 12.9%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to the full year impact of the Citizens merger in the current year with the largest increases realized in compensation and benefits, occupancy and equipment, intangible amortization from the Citizens merger, and data processing expenses, partially offset by lower legal and professional costs resulting from the prior year’s impact from the Citizens merger. The increase in compensation and benefits as compared to the prior year period was primarily due to increased headcount resulting from the Citizens merger, an increase in legacy employee headcount, as well as annual merit increases and inflation adjustments. Occupancy expenses increased primarily due to facilities added through the Citizens merger, and other equipment purchases. The Company’s increase in data processing costs related to the growing volume of transaction activity, increased costs of software licensing, and new programs for lending and wealth management.

Provision for Income Taxes. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $12.9 million for fiscal 2024, an increase of $2.7 million, or 26.4%, as compared to the prior fiscal year, which was attributable to higher pre-tax income and was partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate to 20.5% for fiscal 2024, as compared to 20.7% for fiscal 2023.

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COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

Net Income. The Company’s net income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, was $39.2 million, a decrease of $7.9 million, or 16.8%, as compared to the prior fiscal year.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income for fiscal 2023 was $126.7 million, an increase of $23.2 million, or 22.4%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase, as compared to the prior fiscal year, was attributable to a 28.5% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in the net interest margin, from 3.72% to 3.54%. Average earning asset balance growth was due primarily to loan growth and increases in investment securities, attributable in part to the Citizens merger. Lower average cash and cash equivalent balances partially offset increases in other categories of average earning assets, and the change in the interest-earning asset mix also partially offset the decline in interest margin.

Interest Income. Interest income for fiscal 2023 was $176.4 million, an increase of $59.5 million, or 51.0%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to an increase of $794.0 million, or 28.5%, in the average balance of interest-earning assets, combined with a 73 basis point increase in the average yield earned on interest-earning assets, from 4.20% in fiscal 2022, to 4.93% in fiscal 2023.

Interest income on loans receivable for fiscal 2023 was $162.2 million, an increase of $50.7 million, or 45.5%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a $749.9 million, or 30.9%, increase in the average balance of loans receivable, combined with a 51 basis point increase in the average yield earned on loans receivable. The increase in the average yield was attributed to origination and repricing of loans and borrower refinancing as average market interest rates increased over the course of the fiscal year, combined with the partial-year impact of the Citizens merger, in which the acquired loan portfolio was valued based on current market interest rates at the date of merger.

Interest income on the investment portfolio and other interest-earning assets was $14.2 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $8.8 million, or 164.2%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase was attributable to a 203-basis point increase in the yield on these assets, combined with a $44.1 million, or 12.3%, increase in the average balance of such assets. The increase in average yield was attributable to the partial-year impact of the Citizens merger, in which the acquired securities portfolio was valued based on current market interest rates at the date of merger, a change in the mix of such assets, as cash and cash equivalents decreased while investment and mortgage backed securities increased, and purchases and reinvestment at market interest rates which were increasing over the course of the fiscal year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $49.7 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $36.4 million, or 273.5%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a 113-basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, to 1.72% in fiscal 2023, from 0.59% in fiscal 2022, combined with an increase of $654.0 million, or 29.2%, in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits was $44.4 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $32.6 million, or 275.5%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due to a 107-basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, combined with the $580.5 million, or 26.6%, increase in the average balance of those deposits. The increase in the average rate paid on deposits was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates over the course of fiscal 2023.

Interest expense on FHLB advances was $3.6 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $2.8 million, or 358.0%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due primarily to a $64.3 million, or 148.0%, increase in the average balance of these advances, combined with a 154-basis point increase in the average rate paid on advances. The increase in the average rate paid was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates over the course of the fiscal year, which impacted the costs of overnight borrowings and new term advances taken during the fiscal year.

Interest expense on subordinated debt was $1.4 million for fiscal year 2023, an increase of $753,000, or 109.8%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was due primarily to a 242-basis point increase in the average rate paid on subordinated debt, combined with a $5.1 million, or 27.8%, increase in the average balance of

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subordinated debt. The increase in the average rate paid was attributable primarily to higher market interest rates over the course of the fiscal year, which impacted adjustable rate debt, while the increase in the average balance was attributable primarily to the mid-fiscal 2022 assumption of subordinated debt in the Fortune merger.

Provision for Credit Losses. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses (PCL) of $17.1 million for fiscal 2023, as compared to a PCL of $1.5 million for the prior fiscal year. In the current period, the PCL was attributable in part to the $5.2 million charge required to fund the ACL for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans acquired in the Citizens merger, along with a $1.8 million charge to fund to the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures acquired in the Citizens merger. Exclusive of the charges required as a result of the Citizens merger, the Company would have recorded a PCL of approximately $10.1 million in the current year, reflecting an $9.0 million increase in the Company’s required ACL on outstanding loan balances based on organic loan growth and changes in the current expected credit losses on the portfolio, and a $1.1 million increase in the required allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure based on increased anticipated draws of available credit and changes in the mix of loan types anticipated to be funded.

Our ACL at June 30, 2023, totaled $47.8 million, representing 1.32% of gross loans and 634% of nonperforming loans, as compared to an ACL of $33.2 million, representing 1.22% of gross loans and 806% of nonperforming loans at June 30, 2022. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the Company recorded net charge offs of 0.02% during fiscal year 2023, as compared to net charge offs of less than one basis point in the prior fiscal year. (See Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Critical Accounting Policies” and “Financial Condition – Allowance for Credit Losses” in this Item 7, and “Asset Quality” in Item 1 of this Form 10-K.)

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income was $26.2 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $5.0 million, or 23.6%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. Increases in deposit service charges, bank card interchange income, income on non-deposit investment products, loan servicing fees, other loan fees, and earnings on BOLI contributed to the year-over year increase, partially offset by a decrease in gains on sale of residential loans originated for sale into the secondary market. Most categories of noninterest income increased due to the impact of the January 2023 Citizens merger and the February 2022 Fortune merger.

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense was $86.4 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $23.0 million, or 36.4%, when compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase included $4.9 million in charges related to merger and acquisition activity, which was primarily attributable to legal and professional fees, data processing and telecommunications, and team member compensation and expenses. In total, the increase in noninterest expense was attributable primarily to compensation and benefits, legal and professional fees, occupancy expenses, data processing expenses, amortization of intangibles, deposit insurance premiums, and other noninterest expenses. The increase in compensation and benefits as compared to the prior year period primarily reflected increased headcount for part of the fiscal year resulting from recent merger activity, compensation adjustments over the prior year, one-time compensation attributable to the Citizens merger, and a continued trend of increasing legacy employee headcount. Compensation adjustments over the last several fiscal years have exceeded historical trends. Data processing expenses increased primarily as a result of data conversion charges associated with the Citizens merger, and also reflected continued investments in new software and systems. Occupancy expenses increased primarily due to facilities added through the Citizens merger. Other noninterest expenses increased due to miscellaneous acquisition-related expenses, expenses related to loan originations, and expenses related to employee travel and training.

Provision for Income Taxes. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $10.2 million for fiscal 2023, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 19.7%, as compared to the prior fiscal year, which was attributable to lower pre-tax income and a decrease in the effective tax rate to 20.7% for fiscal 2023, as compared to 21.3% for fiscal 2022.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Southern Missouri’s primary potential sources of funds include deposit growth, FHLB advances, amortization and prepayment of loan principal, investment maturities and sales, and capital generated from ongoing operations. While scheduled repayments on loans and securities as well as the maturity of short-term investments are a relatively predictable source of funding, deposit flows, FHLB advance redemptions and loan and security prepayment rates are

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significantly influenced by factors outside of the Bank’s control, including general economic conditions and market competition. The Bank has relied on FHLB advances as a source for funding cash or liquidity needs.

Southern Missouri uses its liquid assets as well as other funding sources to meet ongoing commitments, to fund loan demand, to repay maturing certificates of deposit and FHLB advances, to make investments, to fund other deposit withdrawals, and to meet operating expenses. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had outstanding commitments to extend credit of $898.6 million (including $689.6 million in unused lines of credit). Total commitments to originate fixed-rate loans with terms in excess of one year were $159.3 million at rates ranging from 4.95% to 9.0%, with a weighted-average rate of 7.04%. Management anticipates that current funding sources will be adequate to meet foreseeable liquidity needs.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, Southern Missouri increased deposits by $226.9 million, and decreased FHLB advances by $31.5 million. During the prior fiscal year, Southern Missouri increased deposits by $910.5 million, and increased FHLB advances by $95.6 million. The deposit increase in 2023 was primarily attributable to the Citizens merger increasing deposits by $851.1 million, net of fair value adjustments. At June 30, 2024, the Bank reported $1.4 billion of its single-family residential and commercial real estate loan portfolios as eligible collateral to the FHLB for available credit of approximately $845.1 million, of which $102.1 million was advanced, while $461,000 was encumbered in relation to residential real estate loans sold onto the secondary market through the FHLB. The Bank had also pledged $383.6 million of its agricultural real estate and agricultural operating and equipment loans to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis’s discount window for available credit of approximately $323.4 million, as of June 30, 2024, none of which was advanced. In addition, as of June 30, 2024, the Bank had other assets available to pledge to the FHLB and Federal Reserve to access additional liquidity. In total, FHLB borrowings are limited to 45% of Bank assets, or approximately $2.1 billion as most recently reported by the FHLB as of June 30, 2024, which means that an amount up to $2.0 billion may still be eligible to be borrowed from the FHLB, subject to available collateral. Along with the ability to borrow from the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, management believes its liquid resources will be sufficient to meet the Company’s liquidity needs.

Liquidity management is an ongoing responsibility of the Bank’s management. The Bank adjusts its investment in liquid assets based upon a variety of factors including (i) expected loan demand and deposit flows, (ii) anticipated investment and FHLB advance maturities, (iii) the impact on profitability, and (iv) asset/liability management objectives.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank had $1.1 billion in CDs maturing within one year and $2.6 billion in non-maturity deposits, as compared to $690.5 million in CDs maturing within one year and $2.7 billion in non-maturity deposits as of June 30, 2023. Management believes that most maturing interest-bearing liabilities will be retained or replaced by new interest-bearing liabilities. Also, at June 30, 2024, the Bank had no overnight advances from the FHLB, $8.0 million in term FHLB advances maturing within one year, and $94.1 million in FHLB advances with a maturity date in excess of one year. Of the advances with maturity dates in excess of one year, none was eligible for early redemption by the lender within one year.

We also incur capital expenditures on an ongoing basis to expand and improve our product offerings, enhance and modernize our technology infrastructure, and to introduce new technology-based products to compete effectively in our markets. We evaluate capital expenditure projects based on a variety of factors, including expected strategic impacts (such as forecasted impact on revenue growth, productivity, expenses, service levels and customer retention) and our expected return on investment. The amount of capital investment is influenced by, among other things, current and projected demand for our services and products, cash flow generated by operating activities, cash required for other purposes and regulatory considerations. At June 30, 2024, we had other future obligations and accrued expenses of $19.9 million. Based on our current capital allocation objectives, during fiscal 2025 we project expending approximately $7.0 million to $10.0 million of cash for capital investment in technology, property, plant and equipment. In addition, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, we project that our fixed commitments will include (i) $1.5 million of operating and finance lease and other fixed payments and (ii) $1.7 million of scheduled interest payments on subordinate notes. We believe that our liquid assets combined with the available lines of credit provide adequate liquidity to meet our current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.

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REGULATORY CAPITAL

Federally insured financial institutions are required to maintain minimum levels of regulatory capital. Federal Reserve regulations establish capital requirements, including a tier 1 leverage (or core capital) requirement and risk-based capital requirements. The Federal Reserve Board is also authorized to impose capital requirements in excess of these standards on individual institutions on a case-by-case basis.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank exceeded regulatory capital requirements with tier 1 capital, total risk-based capital, and common equity tier 1 capital of $447.2 million, $496.1 million and $447.2 million, respectively. The Bank’s tier 1 capital represented 9.79% of total adjusted assets and 11.43% of total risk-weighted assets, while total risk-based capital was 12.68% of total risk-weighted assets, and common equity tier 1 capital was 11.43% of total risk-weighted assets. To be considered adequately capitalized under the FDIC Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) guidelines, the Bank must maintain tier 1 capital levels of at least 4.0% of adjusted total assets and 6.0% of risk-weighted assets, total risk-based capital of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets, and common equity tier 1 capital of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets. To be considered well capitalized, the Bank must maintain tier 1 capital levels of at least 5.0% of adjusted total assets and 8.0% of risk-weighted assets, total risk-based capital of 10.0% of risk-weighted assets, and common equity tier 1 capital of 6.5% of risk-weighted assets.

At June 30, 2024, the Company exceeded regulatory capital requirements with tier 1 capital, total risk-based capital, and common equity tier 1 capital of $467.0 million, $524.0 million and $451.5 million, respectively. The Company’s tier 1 capital represented 10.19% of total adjusted assets and 11.79% of total risk-weighted assets, while total risk-based capital was 13.23% of total risk-weighted assets, and common equity tier 1 capital was 11.39% of total risk-weighted assets. Under 12 CFR Part 217 -- Capital Adequacy of Bank Holding Companies, Savings and Loan Holding Companies, and State Member Banks (Regulation Q), the Company is subject to the following minimum regulatory capital requirements: common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets, and leverage ratio of 4%.

See Item 1 – Business – Regulation, and Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional detail on the Company’s capital requirements.

IMPACT OF INFLATION

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on the operations of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services. In the current interest rate environment, liquidity and maturity structure of the Company’s assets and liabilities are critical to the maintenance of acceptable performance levels.

AVERAGE BALANCE, INTEREST AND AVERAGE YIELDS AND RATES

The following table sets forth certain information relating to the Company’s average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and reflects the average yield on assets and the average cost of liabilities for the periods indicated. These yields and costs are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the years indicated. Nonaccrual loans are included with other noninterest-earning assets.

The table also presents information with respect to the difference between the weighted-average yield earned on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, or interest rate spread, which financial institutions have traditionally used as an indicator of profitability. Another indicator of an institution’s net interest income is its net yield (or net interest margin) on interest-earning assets, which is its net interest income divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets. Net interest income is affected by the interest rate spread and by the

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relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. When interest-earning assets approximate or exceed interest-bearing liabilities, any positive interest rate spread will generate net interest income.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years Ended June 30, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Average |  | Interest and |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Interest and |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Interest and |  | Yield/ |
​ | ​ | Balance | ​ | Dividends | ​ | Cost |  | Balance | ​ | Dividends | ​ | Cost |  | Balance | ​ | Dividends | ​ | Cost |
Interest-earning assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mortgage loans (1) | ​ | $ | 3,009,263 | ​ | $ | 168,894 | ​ | 5.61 | % | $ | 2,585,065 | ​ | $ | 126,315 | ​ | 4.89 | % | $ | 1,953,460 | ​ | $ | 90,522 | ​ | 4.63 | %
Other loans (1) | ​ | ​ | 708,881 | ​ | ​ | 53,618 | ​ | 7.56 | ​ | ​ | 589,625 | ​ | ​ | 35,909 | ​ | 6.09 | ​ | ​ | 471,350 | ​ | ​ | 20,973 | ​ | 4.45 | ​
Total net loans | ​ |  | 3,718,144 | ​ |  | 222,512 |  | 5.98 | ​ |  | 3,174,690 | ​ |  | 162,224 |  | 5.11 | ​ |  | 2,424,810 | ​ |  | 111,495 |  | 4.60 | ​
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 304,778 | ​ | ​ | 14,631 | ​ | 4.80 | ​ | ​ | 241,642 | ​ | ​ | 6,967 | ​ | 2.88 | ​ | ​ | 152,280 | ​ | ​ | 2,738 | ​ | 1.80 | ​
Investment securities (2) | ​ | ​ | 165,307 | ​ | ​ | 6,877 | ​ | 4.16 | ​ | ​ | 118,386 | ​ | ​ | 5,324 | ​ | 4.50 | ​ | ​ | 77,996 | ​ | ​ | 2,197 | ​ | 2.82 | ​
Other interest-earning assets | ​ | ​ | 79,116 | ​ | ​ | 4,355 | ​ | 5.50 | ​ | ​ | 42,287 | ​ | ​ | 1,901 | ​ | 4.50 | ​ | ​ | 127,958 | ​ | ​ | 437 | ​ | 0.34 | ​
TOTAL INTEREST- EARNING ASSETS (1) | ​ |  | 4,267,345 | ​ |  | 248,375 |  | 5.82 | ​ |  | 3,577,005 | ​ |  | 176,416 |  | 4.93 | ​ |  | 2,783,044 | ​ |  | 116,867 |  | 4.20 | ​
Other noninterest-earning assets (3) | ​ | ​ | 290,952 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 234,047 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 181,973 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
TOTAL ASSETS | ​ | $ | 4,558,297 | ​ | ​ | 248,375 |  | — | ​ | $ | 3,811,052 | ​ | ​ | 176,416 |  | — | ​ | $ | 2,965,017 | ​ | ​ | 116,867 |  | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Savings accounts | ​ | $ | 382,713 | ​ | ​ | 8,176 | ​ | 2.14 | ​ | $ | 286,959 | ​ | ​ | 1,623 | ​ | 0.57 | ​ | $ | 253,651 | ​ | ​ | 672 | ​ | 0.26 | ​
NOW accounts | ​ | ​ | 1,265,325 | ​ | ​ | 26,528 | ​ | 2.10 | ​ | ​ | 1,280,134 | ​ | ​ | 17,756 | ​ | 1.39 | ​ | ​ | 1,062,913 | ​ | ​ | 5,164 | ​ | 0.49 | ​
Money market accounts | ​ | ​ | 403,170 | ​ | ​ | 12,596 | ​ | 3.12 | ​ | ​ | 382,032 | ​ | ​ | 7,846 | ​ | 2.05 | ​ | ​ | 276,579 | ​ | ​ | 928 | ​ | 0.34 | ​
Certificates of deposit | ​ | ​ | 1,300,561 | ​ | ​ | 54,857 | ​ | 4.22 | ​ | ​ | 810,570 | ​ | ​ | 17,167 | ​ | 2.12 | ​ | ​ | 586,017 | ​ | ​ | 5,058 | ​ | 0.86 | ​
TOTAL INTEREST- BEARING DEPOSITS | ​ |  | 3,351,769 | ​ |  | 102,157 |  | 3.05 | ​ |  | 2,759,695 | ​ |  | 44,392 |  | 1.61 | ​ |  | 2,179,160 | ​ |  | 11,822 |  | 0.54 | ​
Borrowings: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,148 | ​ | ​ | 213 | ​ | 5.13 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
FHLB advances | ​ | ​ | 123,986 | ​ | ​ | 4,993 | ​ | 4.03 | ​ | ​ | 107,661 | ​ | ​ | 3,627 | ​ | 3.37 | ​ | ​ | 43,410 | ​ | ​ | 792 | ​ | 1.83 | ​
Junior subordinated debt | ​ | ​ | 23,130 | ​ | ​ | 1,742 | ​ | 7.53 | ​ | ​ | 23,253 | ​ | ​ | 1,439 | ​ | 6.19 | ​ | ​ | 18,189 | ​ | ​ | 686 | ​ | 3.77 | ​
TOTAL INTEREST- BEARING LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 3,498,885 | ​ |  | 108,892 |  | 3.11 | ​ |  | 2,894,757 | ​ |  | 49,671 |  | 1.72 | ​ |  | 2,240,759 | ​ |  | 13,300 |  | 0.59 | ​
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | ​ | ​ | 561,004 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 522,159 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 408,148 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
Other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 31,366 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 16,484 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10,651 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 4,091,255 | ​ |  | 108,892 |  | — | ​ |  | 3,433,400 | ​ |  | 49,671 |  | — | ​ |  | 2,659,558 | ​ |  | 13,300 |  | — | ​
Stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 467,042 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | 377,652 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ |  | 305,459 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | $ | 4,558,297 | ​ | ​ | 108,892 |  | — | ​ | $ | 3,811,052 | ​ | ​ | 49,671 |  | — | ​ | $ | 2,965,017 | ​ | ​ | 13,300 |  | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  |  | ​ | $ | 139,483 |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | $ | 126,745 |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | $ | 103,567 |  |  | ​
Interest rate spread (4) | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 2.71 | % |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 3.21 | % |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 3.61 | %
Net interest margin (5) | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 3.27 | % |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 3.54 | % |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | 3.72 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | ​ |  | 121.96 | % |  |  |  |  | ​ |  | 123.57 | % |  |  |  |  | ​ |  | 124.20 | % |  |  |  |  | ​

(1) | Calculated net of deferred loan fees, loan discounts and unfunded commitments on construction loans. Nonaccrual loans are not included in average loans.

(2) | Includes FHLB membership stock, Federal Reserve membership stock, and related cash dividends.

(3) | Includes equity securities and related cash dividends.

(4) | Represents the difference between the average rate on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) | Represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

​

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YIELDS EARNED AND RATES PAID

The following table sets forth for the periods and at the date indicated, the weighted average yields earned on the Company’s assets, the weighted average interest rates paid on the Company’s liabilities, together with the net yield on interest-earning assets.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At June 30, | ​ | For The Year Ended June 30, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
Weighted-average yield on loan portfolio |  | 6.15 | % | 5.98 | % | 5.11 | % | 4.60 | %
Weighted-average yield on mortgage-backed securities |  | 4.99 |  | 4.80 |  | 2.88 |  | 1.80 | ​
Weighted-average yield on investment securities (1) |  | 4.15 |  | 4.16 |  | 4.50 |  | 2.82 | ​
Weighted-average yield on other interest-earning assets |  | 4.87 |  | 5.50 |  | 4.50 |  | 0.34 | ​
Weighted-average yield on all interest-earning assets |  | 6.00 |  | 5.82 |  | 4.93 |  | 4.20 | ​
Weighted-average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits |  | 3.34 |  | 3.05 |  | 1.61 |  | 0.54 | ​
Weighted-average rate paid on FHLB advances |  | 3.82 |  | 4.03 |  | 3.37 |  | 1.83 | ​
Weighted-average rate paid on subordinated debt |  | 7.44 |  | 7.53 |  | 6.19 |  | 3.77 | ​
Weighted-average rate paid on all interest-bearing liabilities |  | 3.38 |  | 3.11 |  | 1.72 |  | 0.59 | ​
Interest rate spread (spread between weighted average rate on all interest-earning assets and all interest- bearing liabilities) |  | 2.62 |  | 2.71 |  | 3.21 |  | 3.61 | ​
Net interest margin (net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets) |  | 3.21 |  | 3.27 |  | 3.54 |  | 3.72 | ​

(1) | Includes Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock.

RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS

The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on net interest income of the Company. Information is provided with respect to (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by change in volume).

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years Ended June 30, | ​ | Years Ended June 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 Compared to 2023 | ​ | 2023 Compared to 2022
​ | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Rate/ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Rate/ |  | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Rate | ​ | Volume | ​ | Volume | ​ | Net |  | Rate | ​ | Volume | ​ | Volume | ​ | Net
Interest-earning assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans receivable (1) | ​ | $ | 27,460 | ​ | $ | 27,991 | ​ | $ | 4,837 | ​ | $ | 60,288 | ​ | $ | 12,664 | ​ | $ | 34,531 | ​ | $ | 3,534 | ​ | $ | 50,729
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 4,633 | ​ |  | 1,820 | ​ |  | 1,211 | ​ |  | 7,664 | ​ |  | 1,653 | ​ |  | 1,607 | ​ |  | 969 | ​ |  | 4,229
Investment securities (2) | ​ |  | (399) | ​ |  | 2,110 | ​ |  | (158) | ​ |  | 1,553 | ​ |  | 1,311 | ​ |  | 1,138 | ​ |  | 678 | ​ |  | 3,127
Other interest-earning deposits | ​ |  | 426 | ​ |  | 1,656 | ​ |  | 373 | ​ |  | 2,455 | ​ |  | 5,315 | ​ |  | (293) | ​ |  | (3,558) | ​ |  | 1,464
Total net change in income on interest-earning assets | ​ |  | 32,120 | ​ |  | 33,577 | ​ |  | 6,263 | ​ |  | 71,960 | ​ |  | 20,943 | ​ |  | 36,983 | ​ |  | 1,623 | ​ |  | 59,549
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Deposits | ​ |  | 34,703 | ​ |  | 11,149 | ​ |  | 11,914 | ​ |  | 57,766 | ​ |  | 22,447 | ​ |  | 3,435 | ​ |  | 6,688 | ​ |  | 32,570
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (213) | ​ | ​ | (213) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 213 | ​ | ​ | 213
FHLB advances | ​ |  | 708 | ​ | ​ | 550 | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | 1,366 | ​ |  | 670 | ​ | ​ | 1,173 | ​ |  | 992 | ​ |  | 2,835
Subordinated debt | ​ |  | 312 | ​ |  | (8) | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | 303 | ​ |  | 440 | ​ |  | 191 | ​ |  | 122 | ​ |  | 753
Total net change in expense on interest-bearing liabilities | ​ |  | 35,723 | ​ |  | 11,691 | ​ |  | 11,808 | ​ |  | 59,222 | ​ |  | 23,557 | ​ |  | 4,799 | ​ |  | 8,015 | ​ |  | 36,371
Net change in net interest income | ​ | $ | (3,603) | ​ | $ | 21,886 | ​ | $ | (5,545) | ​ | $ | 12,738 | ​ | $ | (2,614) | ​ | $ | 32,184 | ​ | $ | (6,392) | ​ | $ | 23,178

(1) | Does not include interest on loans placed on nonaccrual status.

(2) | Does not include dividends earned on equity securities.

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Item 7A​ ​Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The goal of the Company’s asset/liability management strategy is to manage the interest rate sensitivity of both interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities in order to maximize net interest income without exposing the Company to an excessive level of interest rate risk. The Company employs various strategies intended to manage the potential effect that changing interest rates may have on future operating results. The primary asset/liability management strategy has been to focus on matching the anticipated repricing intervals of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. At times, however, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long- and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the Company may increase its interest rate risk position in order to maintain its net interest margin.

In an effort to manage the interest rate risk resulting from fixed rate lending, the Company has at times utilized longer term (up to 10 year maturities), fixed-rate FHLB advances, which may be subject to early redemption, to offset interest rate risk. Other elements of the Company’s current asset/liability strategy include: (i) increasing originations of commercial real estate, commercial business loans, agricultural real estate, and agricultural operating lines, which typically provide higher yields and shorter repricing periods, but inherently increase credit risk, (ii) limiting the price volatility of the investment portfolio by maintaining a relatively short weighted average maturity, (iii) actively soliciting less rate-sensitive nonmaturity deposits, and (iv) offering competitively priced money market accounts and CDs with maturities of up to five years. The degree to which each segment of the strategy is achieved will affect profitability and exposure to interest rate risk.

The Company continues to generate long-term, fixed-rate residential loans. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, fixed rate residential loan originations totaled $119.4 million (of which $21.9 million was originated for sale into the secondary market), compared to $147.2 million during the prior fiscal year (of which $21.5 million was originated for sale into the secondary market). At June 30, 2024, the fixed-rate, single-family residential loan portfolio totaled $622.1 million, with a weighted average maturity of 176 months, compared to $586.4 million, with a weighted average maturity of 188 months at June 30, 2023. The Company originated $109.0 million in adjustable rate residential loans during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, compared to $38.4 million during the prior fiscal year. At June 30, 2024, fixed rate loans with remaining maturities in excess of 10 years totaled $369.8 million, or 9.7%, of loans receivable, compared to $365.1 million, or 10.2%, of loans receivable, at June 30, 2023. The Company originated $300.3 million in fixed rate commercial, commercial real estate, and multi-family loans during the year ended June 30, 2024, compared to $614.2 million during the prior fiscal year. The Company also originated $109.9 million in adjustable rate commercial, commercial real estate, and multi-family loans during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, compared to $157.0 million during the prior fiscal year. At June 30, 2024, adjustable-rate home equity lines of credit totaled $72.8 million, compared to $64.6 million as of June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2024, the Company’s weighted average life of its investment portfolio was 5.1 years, compared to 5.3 years at June 30, 2023. Effective duration of the portfolio indicates a relatively stable price sensitivity of approximately 2.6% per 100 basis points movement in market rates at June 30, 2024, as compared to the year ago period of 2.7%. At June 30, 2024, CDs with original terms of two years or more totaled $335.0 million, compared to $383.8 million at June 30, 2023. Management continues to focus on customer retention, customer satisfaction, and offering new products to customers in order to increase the Company’s amount of less rate-sensitive deposit accounts.

INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

The following table sets forth as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, management’s estimates of the projected changes in net portfolio value in the event of 100, 200, and 300 basis point, instantaneous and permanent increases or decreases in market interest rates.

Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on an internally generated model using actual maturity and repricing schedules for the Bank’s loans and deposits, and are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan repayments and deposit run-offs, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. As a result of an independent model review, some key drivers were updated in our net present value (NPV) calculation to align more closely with industry standards and best practices. The results reflected in the NPV table below for June 30, 2024, are based on some assumptions which differ as compared to those

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utilized in our model at June 30, 2023, and comparison of the results may not reflect actual changes in underlying interest rate sensitivity. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Bank may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.

Management cannot accurately predict future interest rates or their effect on the Bank’s NPV in the future. Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the computation of NPV. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in differing degrees to changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have an initial fixed rate period, typically from one to seven years, and over the remaining life of the asset changes in the interest rate are restricted. In addition, the proportion of adjustable-rate loans in the Bank’s portfolios could decrease in future periods due to refinancing activity if market interest rates remain steady in the future. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels could deviate significantly from those assumed in the table. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their adjustable-rate debt may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | NPV as Percentage of |
​ | ​ | Net Portfolio | ​ | PV of Assets |
Change in Rates |  | Value |  | Change |  | % Change |  | NPV Ratio |  | Change |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​ | (%) | ​ | (basis points) | ​
+300 bp | ​ | $ | 355,100 | ​ | $ | (117,925) |  | (25) | ​ | 8.49 | ​ | (211) | ​
+200 bp | ​ |  | 398,386 | ​ |  | (74,640) |  | (16) | ​ | 9.32 | ​ | (129) | ​
+100 bp | ​ |  | 438,278 | ​ |  | (34,748) |  | (7) | ​ | 10.03 | ​ | (57) | ​
0 bp | ​ |  | 473,026 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ | 10.60 | ​ | — | ​
‑100 bp | ​ |  | 502,260 | ​ |  | 29,235 |  | 6 | ​ | 11.03 | ​ | 43 | ​
‑200 bp | ​ |  | 517,334 | ​ |  | 44,308 |  | 9 | ​ | 11.16 | ​ | 55 | ​
‑300 bp | ​ |  | 512,487 | ​ |  | 39,461 |  | 8 | ​ | 10.89 | ​ | 28 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | NPV as Percentage of |
​ | ​ | Net Portfolio | ​ | PV of Assets |
Change in Rates |  | Value |  | Change |  | % Change |  | NPV Ratio |  | Change |
​ | ​ | (Dollars in thousands) | ​ | (%) | ​ | (basis points) | ​
+300 bp | ​ | $ | 259,599 | ​ | $ | (114,765) |  | (31) | ​ | 6.66 | ​ | (226) | ​
+200 bp | ​ |  | 296,514 | ​ |  | (77,850) |  | (21) | ​ | 7.43 | ​ | (149) | ​
+100 bp | ​ |  | 334,226 | ​ |  | (40,138) |  | (11) | ​ | 8.17 | ​ | (75) | ​
0 bp | ​ |  | 374,364 | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​ | 8.92 | ​ | — | ​
‑100 bp | ​ |  | 426,243 | ​ |  | 51,879 |  | 14 | ​ | 9.91 | ​ | 99 | ​
‑200 bp | ​ |  | 480,345 | ​ |  | 105,981 |  | 28 | ​ | 10.95 | ​ | 203 | ​
‑300 bp | ​ |  | 518,672 | ​ |  | 144,307 |  | 39 | ​ | 11.64 | ​ | 272 | ​

​

The Company’s growth strategy has included origination of fixed-rate loans, as discussed under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” above. Our fixed rate loan portfolio and the behavior of fixed-rate borrowers in a higher interest rate environment, especially over the course of fiscal 2023 and 2024, pressured our NPV. The Company’s sensitivity, which generally increased over recent periods, was partially offset by the Citizens merger in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, as the acquired balance sheet included a higher percentage of rate sensitive assets, and also by continued new loan originations at higher market interest rates. Since June 30, 2023, market interest rates have increased, negatively impacting our underlying NPV, attributable to the impact of higher rates on our longer-term fixed rate loans as of June 30, 2024. Due to updated model assumptions in fiscal 2024, discussed above, the above table comparing modeled results as of June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2024, does not fully illustrate these changes.

The Company has worked to limit its exposure to rising rates by (a) increasing the percentage of funding on its balance sheet obtained from non-maturity transaction accounts, (b) limiting short-term FHLB borrowings (c) limiting the duration of its available-for-sale investment portfolio, and (d) utilizing “pay fixed/receive floating” swaps with $40 million notional value at June 30, 2024. The Company continues to manage its balance sheet to maximize earnings through interest rate cycles, while maintaining safe and sound risk management practices.

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The Bank’s board of directors is responsible for reviewing it’s asset and liability policies. The Bank’s Asset/Liability Committee meets monthly to review interest rate risk and trends, as well as liquidity, capital ratios, and other requirements. The Bank’s management is responsible for administering the policies and determinations of the board of directors with respect to the Bank’s asset and liability goals and strategies.

​

​

Item 8.​ ​Financial Statements and Supplementary Information

​

​

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​

​

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

​

To the Shareholders, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

Poplar Bluff, Missouri

​

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated September 13, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowances for Credit Losses

The Company’s loan portfolio totaled $3.8 billion as of June 30, 2024 and the associated allowance for credit losses on loans (“ACL”) was $52.5 million. In calculating the ACL, loans were segmented into pools based upon similar risk characteristics. For each of these loan pools, management measured expected credit losses over the life of each loan utilizing either a remaining life model or a discounted cash flow (DCF) model. The models utilize loss data from similar peers to calculate an expected loss percentage for each loan pool. The models were adjusted to reflect the current impact of certain macroeconomic variables as well as their expected changes over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Additional qualitative adjustments are applied for risk factors that are not considered within the modeling process but are relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan pools. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, which may be based on the fair value of the collateral or a discounted cash flow model of expected cash flows.

We identified the ACL as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination included the high degree of judgment and subjectivity in auditing management’s estimate of the ACL, specifically management’s identification and measurement of the qualitative factor adjustments. This required a high degree of subjectivity and auditor effort due to the complexities of the model and the nature of the qualitative factor adjustments.

The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

| • | Obtained an understanding and evaluated and tested the design and operating effectiveness of controls relating management’s estimate of the ACL, including controls over:

oThe completeness and accuracy of loan data; and

| o | The identification of qualitative factors, including whether the qualitative factor adjustments are adequately supported and accurately applied.

| • | Tested the mathematical accuracy of the calculation of the ACL, including the mathematical accuracy of the application of the qualitative factor adjustments on the loan pools.

| • | Evaluated the qualitative factor adjustments made to the ACL, including assessing the reasonableness and basis for those adjustments and testing internal and external data used in determining the qualitative factor adjustments by agreeing significant inputs and underlying data to internal and external sources.

​

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| • | Assessed management’s judgments and assumptions related to the qualitative factor adjustments by assessing trends in relevant factors and evaluating the relationship of trends to the qualitative factor adjustments applied to the ACL.

​

​

​

/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP

​

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

Springfield, Missouri

September 13, 2024

​

​

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> CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS <

JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 60,904 | ​ | $ | 53,979
Interest-bearing time deposits | ​ |  | 491 | ​ |  | 1,242
Available for sale securities (Note 2) | ​ |  | 427,903 | ​ |  | 417,554
Stock in FHLB of Des Moines | ​ |  | 8,713 | ​ |  | 11,540
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis | ​ |  | 9,089 | ​ |  | 9,061
Loans receivable, net of ACL of $52,516 and $47,820 at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, (Note 3) | ​ |  | 3,797,287 | ​ |  | 3,571,078
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 23,826 | ​ |  | 18,871
Premises and equipment, net (Note 4) | ​ |  | 95,952 | ​ |  | 92,397
Bank owned life insurance – cash surrender value | ​ |  | 73,601 | ​ |  | 71,684
Goodwill | ​ |  | 50,727 | ​ |  | 50,773
Other intangible assets, net | ​ |  | 26,505 | ​ |  | 30,472
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ |  | 29,318 | ​ |  | 31,560
TOTAL ASSETS | ​ | $ | 4,604,316 | ​ | $ | 4,360,211
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Deposits (Note 5) | ​ | $ | 3,952,457 | ​ | $ | 3,725,540
Advances from FHLB (Note 6) | ​ |  | 102,050 | ​ |  | 133,514
Accounts payable and other liabilities | ​ |  | 25,037 | ​ |  | 27,271
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 12,868 | ​ |  | 4,723
Subordinated debt (Note 7) | ​ |  | 23,156 | ​ |  | 23,105
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 4,115,568 | ​ |  | 3,914,153
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock, $.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; 11,959,157 and 11,919,087 shares issued at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively | ​ |  | 120 | ​ |  | 119
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 219,680 | ​ |  | 218,260
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 311,376 | ​ |  | 270,720
Treasury stock of 681,420 and 588,625 shares at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, at cost | ​ |  | (24,973) | ​ |  | (21,116)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | (17,455) | ​ |  | (21,925)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ |  | 488,748 | ​ |  | 446,058
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | $ | 4,604,316 | ​ | $ | 4,360,211

​

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

​

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> CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME <

YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024, 2023 AND 2022

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands except per share data) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest Income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans | ​ | $ | 222,512 | ​ | $ | 162,224 | ​ | $ | 111,495
Investment securities | ​ | ​ | 6,877 | ​ | ​ | 5,324 | ​ | ​ | 2,197
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 14,631 | ​ | ​ | 6,967 | ​ | ​ | 2,738
Other interest-earning assets | ​ | ​ | 4,355 | ​ | ​ | 1,901 | ​ | ​ | 437
TOTAL INTEREST INCOME | ​ | ​ | 248,375 | ​ | ​ | 176,416 | ​ | ​ | 116,867
Interest Expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | ​ | 102,157 | ​ | ​ | 44,392 | ​ | ​ | 11,822
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 213 | ​ | ​ | —
Advances from FHLB | ​ | ​ | 4,993 | ​ | ​ | 3,627 | ​ | ​ | 792
Subordinated debt | ​ | ​ | 1,742 | ​ | ​ | 1,439 | ​ | ​ | 686
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENSE | ​ | ​ | 108,892 | ​ | ​ | 49,671 | ​ | ​ | 13,300
NET INTEREST INCOME | ​ | ​ | 139,483 | ​ | ​ | 126,745 | ​ | ​ | 103,567
Provision for credit losses (Note 3) | ​ | ​ | 3,600 | ​ | ​ | 17,061 | ​ | ​ | 1,487
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES | ​ | ​ | 135,883 | ​ | ​ | 109,684 | ​ | ​ | 102,080
Noninterest Income | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Deposit account charges and related fees | ​ | ​ | 7,399 | ​ | ​ | 7,671 | ​ | ​ | 6,450
Bank card interchange income | ​ | ​ | 5,744 | ​ | ​ | 5,260 | ​ | ​ | 4,224
Loan late charges | ​ | ​ | 579 | ​ | ​ | 534 | ​ | ​ | 553
Loan servicing fees | ​ | ​ | 1,277 | ​ | ​ | 1,483 | ​ | ​ | 946
Other loan fees | ​ | ​ | 2,375 | ​ | ​ | 3,142 | ​ | ​ | 2,369
Net realized gains on sale of loans | ​ | ​ | 713 | ​ | ​ | 875 | ​ | ​ | 1,598
Net realized losses on sale of AFS securities | ​ | ​ | (1,489) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Earnings on bank owned life insurance | ​ | ​ | 1,911 | ​ | ​ | 1,516 | ​ | ​ | 1,168
Insurance brokerage commissions | ​ | ​ | 1,217 | ​ | ​ | 1,228 | ​ | ​ | 608
Wealth management fees | ​ | ​ | 3,166 | ​ | ​ | 2,178 | ​ | ​ | 1,814
Other income | ​ | ​ | 1,952 | ​ | ​ | 2,317 | ​ | ​ | 1,473
TOTAL NONINTEREST INCOME | ​ | ​ | 24,844 | ​ | ​ | 26,204 | ​ | ​ | 21,203
Noninterest Expense | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Compensation and benefits | ​ | ​ | 53,253 | ​ | ​ | 46,896 | ​ | ​ | 35,611
Occupancy and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | 14,405 | ​ | ​ | 11,220 | ​ | ​ | 9,248
Data processing expense | ​ | ​ | 8,968 | ​ | ​ | 7,756 | ​ | ​ | 5,996
Telecommunications expense | ​ | ​ | 1,928 | ​ | ​ | 1,679 | ​ | ​ | 1,273
Deposit insurance premiums | ​ | ​ | 2,463 | ​ | ​ | 1,470 | ​ | ​ | 743
Legal and professional fees | ​ | ​ | 1,731 | ​ | ​ | 4,051 | ​ | ​ | 1,362
Advertising | ​ | ​ | 2,119 | ​ | ​ | 1,772 | ​ | ​ | 1,496
Postage and office supplies | ​ | ​ | 1,237 | ​ | ​ | 1,197 | ​ | ​ | 823
Intangibles amortization | ​ | ​ | 4,071 | ​ | ​ | 2,633 | ​ | ​ | 1,441
Foreclosed property expenses/losses | ​ | ​ | 148 | ​ | ​ | 90 | ​ | ​ | 522
Other operating expense | ​ | ​ | 7,294 | ​ | ​ | 7,661 | ​ | ​ | 4,864
TOTAL NONINTEREST EXPENSE | ​ | ​ | 97,617 | ​ | ​ | 86,425 | ​ | ​ | 63,379
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ | ​ | 63,110 | ​ | ​ | 49,463 | ​ | ​ | 59,904
Income Taxes (Note 9) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | ​ | 12,234 | ​ | ​ | 11,200 | ​ | ​ | 13,352
Deferred | ​ | ​ | 694 | ​ | ​ | (974) | ​ | ​ | (617)
TOTAL INCOME TAXES | ​ | ​ | 12,928 | ​ | ​ | 10,226 | ​ | ​ | 12,735
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.86 | ​ | $ | 5.22
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.85 | ​ | $ | 5.21
Dividends paid | ​ | $ | 0.84 | ​ | $ | 0.84 | ​ | $ | 0.80

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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> CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME <

YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024, 2023 AND 2022

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,234 | ​ | ​ | (5,696) | ​ | ​ | (26,100)
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,489) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Defined benefit pension plan net gain (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | (11)
Tax (expense) benefit | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,258) | ​ | ​ | 1,253 | ​ | ​ | 5,742
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,470 | ​ | ​ | (4,438) | ​ | ​ | (20,369)
Comprehensive Income | ​ | ​ | $ | 54,652 | ​ | $ | 34,799 | ​ | $ | 26,800

​

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

​

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> CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY <

YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024, 2023 AND 2022

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Additional |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated Other | ​ | Total
​ |  | Common |  | Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Treasury |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders'
(dollars in thousands) |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Stock |  | Income (Loss) |  | Equity
BALANCE AS OF JUNE 30, 2021 | ​ | $ | 94 | ​ | $ | 95,585 | ​ | $ | 200,140 | ​ | $ | (15,278) | ​ | $ | 2,882 | ​ | $ | 283,423
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47,169 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47,169
Change in unrealized loss on available for sale securities, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (20,358) | ​ | ​ | (20,358)
Defined benefit pension plan net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | (11)
Dividends paid on common stock ($.80 per share) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,194) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,194)
Stock option expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165
Stock grant expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 532 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 532
Common stock issued | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 22,880 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,884
Treasury stock purchased | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,838) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,838)
BALANCE AS OF JUNE 30, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 98 | ​ | ​ | 119,162 | ​ | ​ | 240,115 | ​ | ​ | (21,116) | ​ | ​ | (17,487) | ​ | ​ | 320,772
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39,237
Change in unrealized loss on available for sale securities, net | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,443) | ​ | ​ | (4,443)
Defined benefit pension plan net gain | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 5
Dividends paid on common stock ($.84 per share) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,632) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,632)
Stock option expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 255 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 255
Stock grant expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 584 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 584
Common stock issued | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 98,259 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 98,280
BALANCE AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​ | ​ | 218,260 | ​ | ​ | 270,720 | ​ | ​ | (21,116) | ​ | ​ | (21,925) | ​ | ​ | 446,058
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50,182 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50,182
Change in unrealized loss on available for sale securities, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,465 | ​ | ​ | 4,465
Defined benefit pension plan net gain | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 5
Dividends paid on common stock ($.84 per share) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (9,526) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (9,526)
Stock option expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333
Stock grant expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 696 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 696
Exercise of stock options | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 391 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 391
Common stock issued | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1
Treasury stock purchased | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,857) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,857)
BALANCE AS OF JUNE 30, 2024 | ​ | $ | 120 | ​ | $ | 219,680 | ​ | $ | 311,376 | ​ | $ | (24,973) | ​ | $ | (17,455) | ​ | $ | 488,748

​

​

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

​

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> CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS <

YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024, 2023 AND 2022

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
Items not requiring (providing) cash: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation | ​ |  | 6,021 | ​ |  | 4,923 | ​ |  | 4,480
Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (444) | ​ |  | 3
Stock option and stock grant expense | ​ |  | 1,029 | ​ |  | 839 | ​ |  | 697
Loss (gain) on sale/write-down of foreclosed property | ​ |  | 74 | ​ |  | (44) | ​ |  | 460
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ |  | 4,071 | ​ |  | 2,633 | ​ |  | 1,441
Accretion of purchase accounting adjustments | ​ |  | (5,325) | ​ |  | (3,737) | ​ |  | (1,565)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (BOLI) | ​ |  | (1,911) | ​ |  | (1,516) | ​ |  | (1,168)
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 3,600 | ​ |  | 17,061 | ​ |  | 1,487
Loss realized on sale of AFS securities | ​ | ​ | 1,489 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Net (accretion) amortization of premiums and discounts on securities | ​ |  | (842) | ​ |  | 776 | ​ |  | 1,198
Originations of loans held for sale | ​ |  | (21,857) | ​ |  | (21,419) | ​ |  | (42,808)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale | ​ |  | 22,044 | ​ |  | 21,548 | ​ |  | 44,004
Gain on sales of loans held for sale | ​ |  | (713) | ​ |  | (875) | ​ |  | (1,598)
Changes in: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | (4,955) | ​ |  | (5,400) | ​ |  | (391)
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ |  | 8,943 | ​ |  | 5,449 | ​ |  | 9,681
Accounts payable and other liabilities | ​ |  | (141) | ​ |  | 580 | ​ |  | 5,016
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 414 | ​ |  | (974) | ​ |  | (617)
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 8,145 | ​ |  | 3,386 | ​ |  | (147)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | 70,268 | ​ |  | 62,023 | ​ |  | 67,342
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net increase in loans | ​ |  | (228,444) | ​ |  | (447,208) | ​ |  | (281,544)
Net change in interest-bearing deposits | ​ |  | 744 | ​ |  | 1,227 | ​ |  | (1,488)
Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities | ​ |  | 42,322 | ​ |  | 35,368 | ​ |  | 40,474
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities | ​ |  | 32,243 | ​ |  | 136,714 | ​ |  | —
Net redemptions (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | ​ |  | 2,827 | ​ |  | (4,473) | ​ |  | 691
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis stock | ​ |  | (28) | ​ |  | (3,271) | ​ |  | (759)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | ​ |  | (79,837) | ​ |  | (132,032) | ​ |  | (96,144)
Purchases of long-term investment | ​ | ​ | (410) | ​ | ​ | (195) | ​ | ​ | (383)
Purchases of premises and equipment | ​ |  | (9,047) | ​ |  | (6,039) | ​ |  | (4,617)
Net cash received in acquisition | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 208,336 | ​ | ​ | 48,767
Investments in state & federal tax credits | ​ |  | (7,381) | ​ |  | (7,867) | ​ |  | (11,276)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | 3,724 | ​ |  | 928
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets | ​ |  | 1,261 | ​ |  | 2,041 | ​ |  | 1,423
Proceeds from BOLI claim | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 270 | ​ | ​ | —
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (245,735) | ​ |  | (213,405) | ​ |  | (303,928)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net (decrease) increase in demand deposits and savings accounts | ​ |  | (53,833) | ​ |  | (245,130) | ​ |  | 273,356
Net increase (decrease) in certificates of deposits | ​ |  | 280,768 | ​ |  | 304,494 | ​ |  | (31,221)
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (27,629) | ​ |  | —
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 303,200 | ​ |  | 1,913,830 | ​ |  | —
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | (334,752) | ​ |  | (1,818,381) | ​ |  | (29,300)
Common stock issued | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Exercise of stock options | ​ |  | 391 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Purchase of treasury stock | ​ |  | (3,857) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (5,838)
Dividends paid on common stock | ​ | ​ | (9,526) | ​ | ​ | (8,632) | ​ | ​ | (7,194)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | 182,392 | ​ |  | 118,552 | ​ |  | 199,803
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | 6,925 | ​ |  | (32,830) | ​ |  | (36,783)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ​ |  | 53,979 | ​ |  | 86,809 | ​ |  | 123,592
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | ​ | $ | 60,904 | ​ | $ | 53,979 | ​ | $ | 86,809
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Noncash investing and financing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Conversion of loans to foreclosed real estate | ​ | $ | 1,376 | ​ | $ | 1,073 | ​ | $ | 127
Conversion of foreclosed real estate to loans | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 960 | ​ | ​ | —
Conversion of loans to repossessed assets | ​ |  | 209 | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | 26

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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information (CONTINUED): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating Leases | ​ |  | 2,332 | ​ |  | 216 | ​ |  | 95
Termination of lease right of use asset and related lease obligation | ​ | ​ | 1,401 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The Company purchased all of the Citizens Bancshares Company on January 20, 2023. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
In conjunction with the acquisition, liabilities were assumed as follows: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair value of assets acquired | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,019,722 | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: common stock issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 98,280 | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34,889 | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities assumed | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 886,553 | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The Company purchased all of the Fortune Financial Corporation on February 25, 2022. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
In conjunction with the acquisition, liabilities were assumed as follows: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair value of assets acquired | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 267,913
Less: common stock issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,885
Cash received | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12,663
Liabilities assumed | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 232,365
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The Company assumed the liabilities and purchased associated assets of the First National Bank -Cairo branch on December 15, 2021. | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
In conjunction with the acquisitions, liabilities were assumed as follows: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair value of assets acquired | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,707
Less: common stock issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | -
Cash paid for the capital stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 27,151
Liabilities assumed | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28,859
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid during the period for: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest (net of interest credited) | ​ | $ | 7,706 | ​ | $ | 5,649 | ​ | $ | 2,057
Income taxes | ​ |  | 2,298 | ​ |  | 4,307 | ​ |  | 361

​

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

​

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NOTE 1: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization. Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., a Missouri corporation (the Company) was organized in 1994 and is the parent company of Southern Bank (the Bank). Substantially all of the Company’s consolidated revenues are derived from the operations of the Bank, and the Bank represents substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities. SB Real Estate Investments, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank formed to hold Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC. Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which is controlled by SB Real Estate Investments, LLC, and has other preferred shareholders in order to meet the requirements to be a REIT. At June 30, 2024, assets of the REIT were approximately $1.4 billion, and consisted primarily of real estate loan participations acquired from the Bank.

The Bank is primarily engaged in providing a full range of banking and financial services to individuals and corporate customers in its market areas. The Bank and Company are subject to competition from other financial institutions. The Bank and Company are subject to the regulation of certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation. The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices within the banking industry. In the normal course of business, the Company encounters two significant types of risk: economic and regulatory. Economic risk is comprised of interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest-bearing liabilities reprice on a different basis than its interest-earning assets. Credit risk is the risk of default on the Company’s investment or loan portfolios resulting from the borrowers’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments. Market risk reflects changes in the value of the investment portfolio, collateral underlying loans receivable, and the value of the Company’s investments in real estate.

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash, due from depository institutions and interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions with original maturities of three months or less. Interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions were $7.7 million and $3.8 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The deposits are held in various commercial banks with a total of $2.3 million and $1.3 million exceeding the FDIC deposit insurance limits at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as well as at the Federal Reserve and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines and Chicago.

Interest-bearing Time Deposits. Interest bearing deposits in banks mature within three years and are carried at cost.

Available for Sale Securities. Available for sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. All securities have been classified as available for sale.

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Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted as adjustments to income over the estimated life of the security using the level yield method. Realized gains or losses on the sale of securities is based on the specific identification method. The fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

The Company does not invest in collateralized mortgage obligations that are considered high risk.

For AFS securities with fair value less than amortized cost that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the noncredit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections, and is recorded to the ACL, by a charge to provision for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS security, or, if it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

The Company evaluates impaired AFS securities at the individual level on a quarterly basis, and considers factors including, but not limited to: the extent to which the fair value of the security is less than the amortized cost basis; adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or geographic area; the payment structure of the security and likelihood of the issuer to be able to make payments that may increase in the future; failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments; any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and the ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. A qualitative determination as to whether any portion of the impairment is attributable to credit risk is acceptable. There were no credit related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS securities at June 30, 2024, or June 30, 2023.

Changes in the ACL are recorded as expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) systems. Capital stock of the Federal Reserve and the FHLB is a required investment based upon a predetermined formula and is carried at cost.

Loans. Loans are generally stated at unpaid principal balances, less the ACL, any net deferred loan origination fees, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

Interest on loans is accrued based upon the principal amount outstanding. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s judgment, the collectability of interest or principal in the normal course of business is doubtful. The Company complies with regulatory guidance which indicates that loans should be placed in nonaccrual status when 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. A loan that is “in the process of collection” may be subject to legal action or, in appropriate circumstances, through other collection efforts reasonably expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status in the near future. A loan is considered delinquent when a payment has not been made by the contractual due date. Interest income previously accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income. Cash receipts on a nonaccrual loan are applied to principal and interest in accordance with its contractual terms unless full payment of principal is not expected, in which case cash receipts, whether designated as principal or interest, are applied as a reduction of the carrying value of the loan. A nonaccrual loan is generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured, and a consistent record of performance has been demonstrated.

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The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans, and is established through provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries of loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when received.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, agricultural economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. The Company generally incorporates a reasonable and supportable forecast period of four quarters, and a four-quarter, straight-line reversion period to return to long-term historical averages.

The ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. For loans that do not share general risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools, the Company estimates credit losses on an individual loan basis, and these loans are excluded from the collectively evaluated pools. An ACL for an individually evaluated loan is recorded when the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. For the collectively evaluated pools, the Company segments the loan portfolio primarily by loan purpose and collateral into 24 pools, which are homogeneous groups of loans that possess similar loss potential characteristics. The Company primarily utilizes the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology for measurement of the required ACL. For a limited number of pools with a relatively small balance of unpaid principal balance, the Company utilizes the remaining life method. The DCF model implements probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) calculations at the instrument level. PD and LGD are determined based on a regression analysis and correlation of historical losses with various economic factors over time. In general, the Company’s losses have not correlated well with economic factors, and the Company has utilized peer data where more appropriate. The Company defines a default as an event of charge off, an adverse (substandard or worse) internal credit rating, becoming delinquent 90 days or more, or being placed on nonaccrual status. A PD/LGD estimate is applied to a projected model of the loan’s cashflow, including principal and interest payments, with consideration for prepayment speeds, principal curtailments, and recovery lag.

Loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial ACL is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial ACL is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to non-credit factors and results in a discount or premium. Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans.

Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized as an adjustment to interest income using the interest method over the contractual life of the loans.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. Off-balance sheet credit instruments include commitments to make loans, and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan pool on a quarterly basis under the current CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will

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occur and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable.

Foreclosed Real Estate. Real estate acquired by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. Costs for development and improvement of the property are capitalized.

Valuations are periodically performed by management, and an allowance for losses is established by a charge to operations if the carrying value of a property exceeds its estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs.

Loans to facilitate the sale of real estate acquired in foreclosure are discounted if made at less than market rates. Discounts are amortized over the fixed interest period of each loan using the interest method.

Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and include expenditures for major betterments and renewals. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. When property is retired or sold, the retired asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss taken into income. The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment loss recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Depreciation is computed by use of straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated lives are generally seven to forty years for premises, three to seven years for equipment, and three years for software.

Bank Owned Life Insurance. Bank owned life insurance policies are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the estimated cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies, as well as a portion of the insurance proceeds received, are recorded in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

Goodwill. The Company’s goodwill is evaluated annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. A qualitative assessment is performed to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not the fair value is less than the carrying amount, including goodwill. If, based on the evaluation, it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, then goodwill is tested further for impairment. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2024, there was no impairment indicated, based on a qualitative assessment of goodwill, which considered: the market value of the Company’s common stock, concentrations of credit; profitability; nonperforming assets; capital levels; and results of recent regulatory examinations.

Intangible Assets. The Company’s intangible assets at June 30, 2024 included gross core deposit intangibles of $39.1 million with $17.8 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $6.4 million with accumulated amortization of $4.2 million, and mortgage and SBA servicing rights of $3.0 million. At June 30, 2023, the Company’s intangible assets included gross core deposit intangibles of $39.1 million with $14.0 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $6.4 million with accumulated amortization of $3.9 million, and mortgage and SBA servicing rights of $2.9 million. The Company’s core deposit intangible assets are being amortized using the straight line method, over periods ranging from five to ten years, with amortization expense expected to be approximately $3.5 million in fiscal 2025, $3.0 million in fiscal 2026, $2.7 million in fiscal 2027, $2.7 million in fiscal 2028, $2.6 million in fiscal 2029, and $8.8 million thereafter. As of June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, there was no impairment indicated.

The Company records mortgage servicing rights (MSR) at fair value for all loans sold on a servicing retained basis with subsequent adjustments to fair value of MSR in accordance with FASB ASC 860. An estimate of the fair value of the Company’s MSR is determined utilizing assumptions about factors such as mortgage interest rates, discount

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rates, mortgage loan prepayment speeds, market trends and industry demand. Changes in the fair value of MSR are recorded in loan servicing fees in the consolidated statements of income.

Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to the management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries, the Bank and SB Real Estate Investments, LLC, with a tax year ended June 30. Southern Bank Real Estate Investments, LLC files a separate REIT return for federal tax purposes, and also files state income tax returns with a tax year ended December 31.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, to manage interest rate risk, facilitate asset/liability management strategies and manage other exposures. Derivative instruments are accounted pursuant to ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, which requires companies to recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as other assets or other liabilities, as applicable, at estimated fair value. The change in each of these financial statement line items is included as operating cash flows in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company does not speculate using derivative instruments. Derivative financial instruments are more fully described in Note 16.

Incentive Plans. The Company accounts for its Equity Incentive Plan (EIP), and Omnibus Incentive Plan (OIP) in accordance with ASC 718, “Share-Based Payment.” Compensation expense is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the date the shares are granted and is recorded over the vesting period. The difference between the grant-date fair value and the fair value on the date the shares are considered earned represents a tax benefit to the Company that is recorded as an adjustment to income tax expense.

Non-Employee Directors’ Retirement. The Bank entered into directors’ retirement agreements beginning in April 1994 for non-employee directors and continued to do so for new non-employee directors joining the Bank’s board through December 2014. These directors’ retirement agreements provide that each participating non-employee director (participant) shall receive, upon termination of service on the Board on or after age 60, other than termination for cause, a benefit in equal annual installments over a five year period. The benefit will be based upon the product of the participant’s vesting percentage and the total Board fees paid to the participant during the calendar year preceding termination of service on the Board. The vesting percentage shall be determined based upon the participant’s years of service on the Board.

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In the event that the participant dies before collecting any or all of the benefits, the Bank shall pay the participant’s beneficiary. Benefits shall not be payable to anyone other than the beneficiary, and shall terminate on the death of the beneficiary.

Stock Options. Compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued, and recognized over the vesting period during which an employee provides service in exchange for the award.

Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share available to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders includes the effect of all weighted-average dilutive potential common shares (stock options and restricted stock grants) outstanding during each period.

Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities, unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities for which a credit loss has been recognized in income, and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans.

Transfers Between Fair Value Hierarchy Levels. Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (other significant observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the period ending date.

Wealth Management Assets and Fees. Assets managed in fiduciary or investment management accounts by the Company are not included in the consolidated balance sheets since such items are not assets of the Company or its subsidiaries. Fees from fiduciary or investment management activities are recorded on a cash basis over the period in which the service is provided. Fees are generally a function of the market value of assets managed and administered, the volume of transactions, and fees for other services rendered, as set forth in the agreement between the customer and the Company. This revenue recognition involves the use of estimates and assumptions, including components that are calculated based on asset valuations and transaction volumes. Any out-of-pocket expenses or services not typically covered by the fee schedule for fiduciary activities are charged directly to the account on a gross basis as revenue is incurred. The Southern Wealth Management division held fiduciary assets totaling $100.9 million and $102.0 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and investment management assets totaling $474.7 million and $464.2 million as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following paragraphs summarize the impact of new accounting pronouncements:

In January 2021, the FASB published ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform. (Topic 848)”. ASU 2021-01 clarified that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amended the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. An entity may elect to apply the amendments in this update on a full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or on a prospective basis to new modifications from any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to the date of the issuance of a final update, up to the date that financial statements are available to be issued. If an entity elects to apply any of the amendments in this update for an eligible hedging relationship, any adjustments as a result of those elections must be reflected as of the date the entity applies the election. Originally, the amendments in this update did not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022, new hedging relationships entered into after December 31, 2022, and existing hedging relationships evaluated for effectiveness in periods after December 31, 2022 except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that apply certain optional expedients in which the accounting effects are recorded through the end of the hedging relationship (including periods after December 31, 2022). With the issuance of ASU 2022-06 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, the sunset date for adoption of ASU 2021-01 was extended from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU but does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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On December 14, 2023, FASB published ASU 2023-02, “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” This ASU permits reporting entities to elect to account for tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program for which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received and recognizes the net amortization and income tax credits and other income tax benefits in the income statement as a component of income tax expense. A reporting entity makes an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. This ASU also requires specific disclosures of investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax credit program for which the entity has elected to apply the proportional amortization method. The ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and will be effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-02 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On July 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs in ASC 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors” for entities that have adopted the CECL model introduced by ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2022-02 also requires that public business entities disclose current period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost.” The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)”. ASU 2023-09 was issued to address requests by investors and creditors for enhanced transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Public business entities (PBEs) would be required to prepare an annual detailed, tabular tax rate reconciliation. All other entities would be required to provide qualitative disclosure on specific categories and individual jurisdictions that result in significant differences between the statutory and effective tax rates. All entities would be required to annually disclose taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, as well as disaggregating taxes by individual jurisdiction if taxes paid exceed 5% of total income taxes paid. The ASU is effective for PBEs for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 2: Available for Sale Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and approximate fair value of securities available for sale consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Allowance | ​ | Estimated
​ |  | Amortized |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | for |  | Fair
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Credit Losses |  | Value
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 29,960 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | (2,211) | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 27,753
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 32,998 | ​ | ​ | 60 | ​ | ​ | (1,781) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 31,277
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 57,403 | ​ | ​ | 1,525 | ​ | ​ | (249) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 58,679
Other securities | ​ |  | 5,387 | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | (74) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,333
Total debt securities | ​ | ​ | 125,748 | ​ | ​ | 1,609 | ​ | ​ | (4,315) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 123,042
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential MBS issued by governmental sponsored enterprises (GSEs) | ​ | ​ | 110,918 | ​ | ​ | 692 | ​ | ​ | (6,855) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 104,755
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs | ​ | ​ | 65,195 | ​ | ​ | 297 | ​ | ​ | (5,746) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 59,746
CMOs issued by GSEs | ​ | ​ | 148,382 | ​ | ​ | 82 | ​ | ​ | (8,104) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 140,360
Total MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 324,495 | ​ |  | 1,071 | ​ |  | (20,705) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 304,861
Total AFS securities | ​ | $ | 450,243 | ​ | $ | 2,680 | ​ | $ | (25,020) | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 427,903

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Gross |  | Gross | ​ | Allowance | ​ | Estimated
​ |  | Amortized |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | for |  | Fair
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Credit Losses |  | Value
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 45,285 | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | (2,737) | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 42,568
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 35,700 | ​ | ​ | 19 | ​ | ​ | (3,181) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 32,538
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 67,897 | ​ | ​ | 1,274 | ​ | ​ | (545) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,626
Other securities | ​ | ​ | 3,587 | ​ |  | 39 | ​ |  | (56) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 3,570
Total debt securities | ​ | ​ | 152,469 | ​ | ​ | 1,352 | ​ | ​ | (6,519) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 147,302
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
MBS and CMOs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential MBS issued by governmental sponsored enterprises (GSEs) | ​ | ​ | 97,612 | ​ | ​ | 122 | ​ | ​ | (7,610) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 90,124
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs | ​ | ​ | 60,333 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | (6,959) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 53,385
CMOs issued by GSEs | ​ | ​ | 135,202 | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | (8,468) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 126,743
Total MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 293,147 | ​ |  | 142 | ​ |  | (23,037) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 270,252
Total AFS securities | ​ | $ | 445,616 | ​ | $ | 1,494 | ​ | $ | (29,556) | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 417,554

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The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ |  | Amortized |  | Estimated
(dollars in thousands) |  | Cost |  | Fair Value
Within one year | ​ | $ | 1,452 | ​ | $ | 1,438
After one year but less than five years | ​ |  | 26,898 | ​ |  | 26,039
After five years but less than ten years | ​ |  | 50,306 | ​ |  | 48,237
After ten years | ​ |  | 47,092 | ​ |  | 47,328
Total investment securities | ​ |  | 125,748 | ​ |  | 123,042
MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 324,495 | ​ |  | 304,861
Total AFS securities | ​ | $ | 450,243 | ​ | $ | 427,903

​

The carrying value of investment and mortgage-backed securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits amounted to $265.5 million and $253.9 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The securities pledged consist of marketable securities, including $137.0 million and $129.2 million of MBS, $103.5 million and $94.8 million of CMOs, $20.8 million and $26.5 million of State and Political Subdivisions Obligations, and $4.3 million and $3.4 million of Other Securities at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Gross gains of $67,000 and gross losses of $1.6 million were recognized from sales of available-for-sale securities in fiscal 2024. There were no gains or losses recognized from sales of available-for-sale securities in fiscal 2023 or 2022.

The Company did not hold any securities of a single issuer, payable from and secured by the same source of revenue or taxing authority, the book value of which exceeded 10% of stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2024.

Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. Total fair value of these investments at June 30, 2024, was $312.9 million, which is approximately 73.1% of the Company’s AFS investment portfolio, as compared to $325.5 million or approximately 78.0% of the Company’s AFS investment portfolio at June 30, 2023. Management believes the declines in fair value for these securities to be temporary.

The following tables below show the Company’s investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for which ACL has not been recorded at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Losses |  | 21,762 |  | Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Losses
For the year ended June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 3,720 | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 21,762 | ​ | $ | 2,173 | ​ | $ | 25,482 | ​ | $ | 2,211
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 25,295 | ​ | ​ | 1,781 | ​ | ​ | 25,295 | ​ | ​ | 1,781
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,234 | ​ | ​ | 249 | ​ | ​ | 7,234 | ​ | ​ | 249
Other securities | ​ | ​ | 4,404 | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ | 4,691 | ​ | ​ | 74
MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 56,820 | ​ |  | 621 | ​ |  | 193,382 | ​ |  | 20,084 | ​ |  | 250,202 | ​ |  | 20,705
Total AFS securities | ​ | $ | 64,944 | ​ | $ | 690 | ​ | $ | 247,960 | ​ | $ | 24,330 | ​ | $ | 312,904 | ​ | $ | 25,020

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Losses
For the year ended June 30, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 11,574 | ​ | $ | 184 | ​ | $ | 26,763 | ​ | $ | 2,553 | ​ | $ | 38,337 | ​ | $ | 2,737
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 14,709 | ​ | ​ | 1,074 | ​ | ​ | 13,821 | ​ | ​ | 2,107 | ​ | ​ | 28,530 | ​ | ​ | 3,181
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 22,628 | ​ | ​ | 263 | ​ | ​ | 698 | ​ | ​ | 282 | ​ | ​ | 23,326 | ​ | ​ | 545
Other securities | ​ | ​ | 1,970 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 350 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 2,320 | ​ | ​ | 56
MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 87,354 | ​ |  | 1,525 | ​ |  | 145,673 | ​ |  | 21,512 | ​ |  | 233,027 | ​ |  | 23,037
Total AFS securities | ​ | $ | 138,235 | ​ | $ | 3,057 | ​ | $ | 187,305 | ​ | $ | 26,499 | ​ | $ | 325,540 | ​ | $ | 29,556

​

Obligations of state and political subdivisions. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in obligations of state and political subdivisions include eight individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 46 individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The securities are performing and are of high credit quality. The unrealized losses were caused by increases in market interest rates since purchase or acquisition. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

Corporate and other Obligations. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in corporate obligations include one individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 19 individual securitie which has been in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The securities are performing. The unrealized losses were caused by increases in market interest rates since purchase or acquisition. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

Asset-Backed securities. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in asset-backed securities includes no individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and four individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The securities are performing and are of high credit quality. The unrealized loss was caused by variations in market interest rates and spreads since purchase or acquisition. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

MBS and CMOs. As of June 30, 2024, the unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in MBS and CMOs include 16 individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, and 114 individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. The securities are performing and are of high credit quality. The unrealized losses were caused by increases in market interest rates since purchase or acquisition. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

The Company does not believe that any individual unrealized loss as of June 30, 2024 is the result of a credit loss. However, the Company could be required to recognize an ACL in future periods with respect to its available for sale investment securities portfolio.

Credit losses recognized on investments. There were no credit losses recognized in income and other losses or recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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NOTE 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Classes of loans are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Real Estate Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential | ​ | $ | 1,185,692 | ​ | $ | 1,133,417
Construction | ​ |  | 438,134 | ​ |  | 550,052
Commercial | ​ |  | 1,622,365 | ​ |  | 1,562,379
Consumer loans | ​ |  | 144,598 | ​ |  | 133,515
Commercial loans | ​ |  | 668,292 | ​ |  | 599,030
​ | ​ |  | 4,059,081 | ​ |  | 3,978,393
Unfunded commitments on construction loans | ​ |  | (209,046) | ​ |  | (359,196)
Deferred loan fees, net | ​ |  | (232) | ​ |  | (299)
Allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | (52,516) | ​ |  | (47,820)
Net loans | ​ | $ | 3,797,287 | ​ | $ | 3,571,078

​

The Company’s lending activities consist of origination of loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family residences and commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans and consumer loans. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had purchased participation interests in 71 loans totaling $178.5 million, as compared to 86 loans totaling $155.6 million at June 30, 2023, with the increase due primarily to participations acquired in the Citizens merger.

Residential Mortgage Lending. The Company actively originates loans for the acquisition or refinance of one- to four-family residences. This category includes both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans amortizing over periods of up to 30 years, and the properties securing such loans may be owner-occupied or non-owner-occupied. Single-family residential loans do not generally exceed 90% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. Substantially all of the one- to four-family residential mortgage originations in the Company’s portfolio are located within the Company’s primary lending area. General risks related to one- to four-family residential lending include stability of borrower income and collateral values.

The Company also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary lending area but made to borrowers who operate within the Company’s primary market area. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Company are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities typically up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Company to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in the loan agreement. Generally, multi-family residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. General risks related to multi-family residential lending include rental demand and supply, rental rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage.

Commercial Real Estate Lending. The Company actively originates loans secured by owner- and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate including farmland, single- and multi-tenant retail properties, restaurants, hotels, land (improved and unimproved), nursing homes and other healthcare facilities, warehouses and distribution centers, convenience stores, automobile dealerships and other automotive-related services, and other businesses. These properties are typically owned and operated by borrowers headquartered within the Company’s primary lending area, however, the property may be located outside the Company’s primary lending area. Approximately $626.3 million of the Company’s $1.6 billion in commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located outside our primary lending area. Risks to owner-occupied commercial real estate lending generally include the continued profitable operation of the borrower’s enterprise, as well as general collateral values, and may be heightened by unique, specific uses of the property serving as collateral. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate lending risks include tenant demand and performance, lease rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage. These factors may be influenced by general economic conditions in the region, or in the United States generally. Risks to lending on farmland include unique factors such as commodity prices, yields, input costs, and weather, as well as farmland values.

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Most commercial real estate loans originated by the Company generally are based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, the interest rate received on these loans is fixed for a maturity for up to ten years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually after an initial period up to seven years. The Company typically includes an interest rate “floor” in the loan agreement. Generally, improved commercial real estate loan amounts do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio.

Construction Lending. The Company originates real estate loans secured by property or land that is under construction or development. Construction loans originated by the Company are generally to finance the construction of owner occupied residential real estate, or to finance speculative construction of residential real estate, land development, or owner-operated or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. During construction, these loans typically require monthly interest-only payments, with single-family residential construction loans having maturities ranging from six to twelve months, while multi-family or commercial construction loans typically mature in 12 to 36 months. Once construction is completed, permanent construction loans may be converted to monthly payments using amortization schedules of up to 30 years on residential and generally up to 25 years on commercial real estate. Construction and development lending risks generally include successful timely and on-budget completion of the project, followed by the sale of the property in the case of land development or non-owner-occupied real estate, or the long-term occupancy of the property by the builder in the case of owner-occupied construction. Changes in real estate values or other economic conditions may impact the ability of a borrower to sell property developed for that purpose.

While the Company typically utilizes relatively short maturity periods to closely monitor the inherent risks associated with construction loans for these loans, weather conditions, change orders, availability of materials and/or labor, and other factors may contribute to the lengthening of a project, thus necessitating the need to renew the construction loan at the balloon maturity. Such extensions are typically executed in incremental three month periods to facilitate project completion. The Company’s average term of construction loans is approximately 12 months. During construction, loans typically require monthly interest only payments which may allow the Company an opportunity to monitor for early signs of financial difficulty should the borrower fail to make a required monthly payment. Additionally, during the construction phase, the Company typically performs interim inspections which further provide the Company an opportunity to assess risk.

Consumer Lending. The Company offers a variety of secured consumer loans, including home equity, direct and indirect automobile loans, second mortgages, mobile home loans and loans secured by deposits. The Company originates substantially all of its consumer loans in its primary lending area. Usually, consumer loans are originated with fixed rates for terms of up to 66 months, with the exception of home equity lines of credit, which are variable, tied to the prime rate of interest and are for a period of ten years.

Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust and are issued up to 90% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage and are typically issued for a term of ten years. Interest rates on the HELOCs are generally adjustable. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity. Risks related to HELOC lending generally include the stability of borrower income and collateral values.

Automobile loans originated by the Company include both direct loans and a smaller amount of loans originated by auto dealers. The Company generally pays a negotiated fee back to the dealer for indirect loans. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 66 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle. Risks to automobile and other consumer lending generally include the stability of borrower income and borrower willingness to repay.

Commercial Business Lending. The Company’s commercial business lending activities encompass loans with a variety of purposes and security, including loans to finance accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and operating lines of credit, including agricultural production and equipment loans. The Company offers both fixed and adjustable rate commercial business loans. Generally, commercial loans secured by fixed assets are amortized over periods up to five years, while commercial operating lines of credit or agricultural production lines are generally for a one year period.

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Commercial lending risk is primarily driven by the borrower’s successful generation of cash flow from their business enterprise sufficient to service debt, and may be influenced by factors specific to the borrower and industry, or by general economic conditions in the region or in the United States generally. Agricultural production or equipment lending includes unique risk factors such as commodity prices, yields, input costs, and weather, as well as farm equipment values.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The PCL for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022, was $3.6 million, $17.1 million, and $1.5 million, respectively. In fiscal 2024, the company had a $6.6 million PCL for on-balance sheet exposure for loan growth and charge-offs and a $3.0 negative PCL for off-balance sheet exposures, as construction draws reduced available credit and increased on-balance sheet exposure. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the ACL required for PCD loans acquired in the Citizens merger was $1.1 million, and was funded through purchase accounting adjustments, while the ACL required for non-PCD loans acquired in the Citizens merger was $5.2 million and was funded through a charge to PCL. Additionally, the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures was increased by $1.8 million due to the Citizens merger and funded through a charge to PCL. Exclusive of the charges required as a result of the Citizens merger, the Company would have recorded a PCL of approximately $10.1 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, of which $8.9 million was attributable to the required ACL for loan balances outstanding, and $1.2 million was attributable to the required allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the ACL required for PCD loans acquired in the Fortune merger was $120,000, and was funded through purchase accounting adjustments, while the ACL required for non-PCD loans acquired in the Fortune merger was $1.9 million, and was funded through a charge to PCL. Additionally, the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures was increased by $120,000 due to the Fortune merger and funded through a charge to PCL. Exclusive of the charges required as a result of the Fortune merger, the Company would have recorded a negative PCL of approximately $533,000 in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. Exclusive of provisioning required by the Citizens merger, increased provisioning for loan balances outstanding in the year ended June 30, 2023 is attributable primarily to loan growth, qualitative adjustments to modeled results based on levels and trends of industry past due loans, and the unguaranteed portion of a small pool of SBA loans exhibiting signs of credit stress, partially offset by a decreased ACL estimate for classified hotel loans that had been slow to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Decreased provisioning for off-balance sheet credit exposures in the current year was attributable primarily to changes in the level and mix of outstanding credit commitments. The Company estimated its expected credit losses as of June 30, 2024, under ASC 326-20, and management believes the ACL as of that date was adequate based on that estimate. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the Company recorded net charge-offs of 0.05% during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, as compared to 0.02% during the prior fiscal year. Specifically, management considered the following primary items in its estimate of the ACL:

● economic conditions and projections as provided by the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) were utilized in the Company’s estimate at June 30, 2024. The June 30, 2023, ACL estimate utilized projections from Moody's Analytics, incorporating both baseline and downside scenarios. This change was driven by the automated integration of data within our model. Economic factors considered in the projections included national and state levels of unemployment using the high bound of the FOMC’s central tendency, and national and state rates of inflation-adjusted growth in the gross domestic product using the low bound of the FOMC’s central tendency. Economic conditions are considered to be a moderate and stable risk factor, relative to June 30, 2023;

● the pace of growth of the Company’s loan portfolio, exclusive of acquisitions or government guaranteed loans, relative to overall economic growth. This measure is considered to be a moderate and slightly decreasing factor, relative to June 30, 2023;

● levels and trends for loan delinquencies nationally and in the region. This is considered to be a low and stable risk factor, relative to June 30, 2023;

● quantified supported model adjustments and general imprecision adjustments. This factor was added for the June 30, 2024, ACL estimate as certain model adjustments capture highly specific issues or events that are not adequately captured in model outcomes. General imprecision adjustments address other sources of imprecision that are not specifically identifiable or quantifiable to a particular loan portfolio and have not been captured by

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the model or by a specific model adjustment. The Company considers general imprecision in three dimensions; economic forecast imprecision, model imprecision, and process imprecision.

PCD Loans. In connection with the Citizens Bancshares, Co. (“Citizens”) merger on January 20, 2023, and Fortune Financial Corporation (“Fortune”) merger on February 25, 2022, the Company acquired loans both with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition with no carryover from the acquired institution’s previously recorded allowance for loan and lease losses. Acquired loans are accounted for under ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.

The fair value of acquired loans recorded at the time of acquisition is based upon several factors, including the timing and payment of expected cash flows, as adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments, and then discounting these cash flows using comparable market rates. The resulting fair value adjustment is recorded in the form of a premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of the respective loans. As it relates to acquired loans that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination (“PCD”), the net premium or net discount is adjusted to reflect the Company’s allowance for credit losses recorded for PCD loans at the time of acquisition, and the remaining fair value adjustment is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. As it relates to loans not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”) loans, the credit loss and yield components of their fair value adjustment are aggregated, and the resulting net premium or net discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. The Company records an ACL for non-PCD loans at the time of acquisition through provision expense, and therefore, no further adjustments are made to the net premium or net discount for non-PCD loans.

Loans that the Company acquired from Citizens and Fortune that, at the time of acquisition, had more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination are classified as PCD loans and presented in the table below at acquisition carrying value:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | January 20, 2023
PCD Loans - Citizens | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase price of PCD loans at acquisition | ​ | $ | 27,481
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition | ​ |  | (1,121)
Fair value of PCD loans at acquisition | ​ | $ | 26,360

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | February 25, 2022
PCD Loans - Fortune | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase price of PCD loans at acquisition | ​ | $ | 15,055
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition | ​ |  | (120)
Fair value of PCD loans at acquisition | ​ | $ | 14,935

​

The following tables present the balance in the ACL and the recorded investment in loans (excluding unfunded commitment on contruction loans and deferred loan fees) based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and activity in the ACL for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | ​ | Construction |  | ​ | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2024 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 15,641 | ​ | $ | 2,664 | ​ | $ | 22,838 | ​ | $ | 909 | ​ | $ | 5,768 | ​ | $ | 47,820
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | 713 | ​ | ​ | (174) | ​ | ​ | 4,100 | ​ | ​ | 482 | ​ | ​ | 1,504 | ​ | ​ | 6,625
Losses charged off | ​ | ​ | (515) | ​ | ​ | (289) | ​ | ​ | (496) | ​ | ​ | (360) | ​ | ​ | (395) | ​ | ​ | (2,055)
Recoveries | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ | 71 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 126
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 15,839 | ​ | $ | 2,201 | ​ | $ | 26,460 | ​ | $ | 1,102 | ​ | $ | 6,914 | ​ | $ | 52,516

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | Construction |  | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2023 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 8,908 | ​ | $ | 2,220 | ​ | $ | 16,838 | ​ | $ | 710 | ​ | $ | 4,516 | ​ | $ | 33,192
Initial ACL on PCD loans | ​ | ​ | 96 | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 628 | ​ | ​ | 164 | ​ | ​ | 221 | ​ | ​ | 1,121
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | 6,655 | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | 5,605 | ​ | ​ | 334 | ​ | ​ | 1,105 | ​ | ​ | 14,131
Losses charged off | ​ | ​ | (19) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (245) | ​ | ​ | (327) | ​ | ​ | (82) | ​ | ​ | (673)
Recoveries | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 49
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 15,641 | ​ | $ | 2,664 | ​ | $ | 22,838 | ​ | $ | 909 | ​ | $ | 5,768 | ​ | $ | 47,820

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | Construction |  | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2022 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 11,192 | ​ | $ | 2,170 | ​ | $ | 14,535 | ​ | $ | 916 | ​ | $ | 4,409 | ​ | $ | 33,222
Impact of CECL adoption | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 52 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | 120
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | (2,238) | ​ | ​ | 46 | ​ | ​ | 2,251 | ​ | ​ | (205) | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ | ​ | (66)
Losses charged off | ​ | ​ | (72) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (65) | ​ | ​ | (16) | ​ | ​ | (153)
Recoveries | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 64 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 69
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 8,908 | ​ | $ | 2,220 | ​ | $ | 16,838 | ​ | $ | 710 | ​ | $ | 4,516 | ​ | $ | 33,192

​

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for off-balance credit exposure based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and activity in the allowance for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | ​ | Construction |  | ​ | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2024 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | 4,809 | ​ | $ | 475 | ​ | $ | 73 | ​ | $ | 860 | ​ | $ | 6,288
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | (2,917) | ​ | ​ | (105) | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | (22) | ​ | ​ | (3,025)
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 87 | ​ | $ | 1,892 | ​ | $ | 370 | ​ | $ | 76 | ​ | $ | 838 | ​ | $ | 3,263

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | ​ | Construction |  | ​ | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2023 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 58 | ​ | $ | 2,178 | ​ | $ | 421 | ​ | $ | 61 | ​ | $ | 640 | ​ | $ | 3,358
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | 2,631 | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 220 | ​ | ​ | 2,930
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | 4,809 | ​ | $ | 475 | ​ | $ | 73 | ​ | $ | 860 | ​ | $ | 6,288

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential | ​ | ​ | Construction |  | ​ | Commercial | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
June 30, 2022 |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Commercial |  | Total
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 37 | ​ | $ | 502 | ​ | $ | 188 | ​ | $ | 218 | ​ | $ | 860 | ​ | $ | 1,805
Provision (benefit) charged to expense | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 1,676 | ​ | ​ | 233 | ​ | ​ | (157) | ​ | ​ | (220) | ​ | ​ | 1,553
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 58 | ​ | $ | 2,178 | ​ | $ | 421 | ​ | $ | 61 | ​ | $ | 640 | ​ | $ | 3,358

​

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The current fiscal year-to-date gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination is presented in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | loans |  | Total
Real Estate Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 382 | ​ | $ | 97 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 36 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 515
Construction | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 100 | ​ |  | 78 | ​ |  | 111 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 289
Commercial | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 496 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 496
Consumer loans | ​ |  | 38 | ​ |  | 162 | ​ |  | 106 | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 13 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 360
Commercial loans | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 190 | ​ |  | 195 | ​ |  | 10 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 395
Total current-period gross charge-offs | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 948 | ​ | $ | 761 | ​ | $ | 259 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 49 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 2,055

​

Credit Quality Indicators. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on all loans at origination, and is updated on a quarterly basis for loans risk rated Watch, Special Mention, Substandard, or Doubtful. In addition, lending relationships of $4 million or more, exclusive of any consumer or owner-occupied residential loan, are subject to an annual credit analysis which is prepared by the loan administration department and presented to a loan committee with appropriate lending authority. A sample of lending relationships in excess of $1 million (exclusive of single-family residential real estate loans) are subject to an independent loan review annually, in order to verify risk ratings. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Watch – Loans classified as watch exhibit weaknesses that require more than usual monitoring. Issues may include deteriorating financial condition, payments made after due date but within 30 days, adverse industry conditions or management problems.

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention exhibit signs of further deterioration but still generally make payments within 30 days. This is a transitional rating and loans should typically not be rated Special Mention for more than 12 months.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard possess weaknesses that jeopardize the ultimate collection of the principal and interest outstanding. These loans may exhibit continued financial losses, ongoing delinquency, overall poor financial condition, and insufficient collateral.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses of substandard loans, and have deteriorated to the level that there is a high probability of substantial loss.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans.

A periodic review of selected credits (based on loan size and type) is conducted to identify loans with heightened risk or probable losses and to assign risk grades. The primary responsibility for this review rests with loan administration personnel. This review is supplemented with periodic examinations of both selected credits and the credit review process by the Company’s internal audit function and applicable regulatory agencies. The information from these reviews assists management in the timely identification of problems and potential problems and provides a basis for deciding whether the credit continues to share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loan pools, or whether credit losses for the loan should be evaluated on an individual loan basis.

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The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding unfunded commitments on construction loans and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and year of origination as of June 30, 2024. This table includes PCD loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | loans |  | Total
Residential Real Estate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 191,083 | ​ | $ | 308,691 | ​ | $ | 275,456 | ​ | $ | 217,361 | ​ | $ | 86,265 | ​ | $ | 93,234 | ​ | $ | 10,706 | ​ | $ | 1,182,796
Watch | ​ |  | 814 | ​ |  | 247 | ​ |  | 87 | ​ |  | 396 | ​ |  | 98 | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,665
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 797 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 183 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 251 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,231
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Residential Real Estate | ​ | $ | 191,897 | ​ | $ | 309,735 | ​ | $ | 275,543 | ​ | $ | 217,940 | ​ | $ | 86,363 | ​ | $ | 93,508 | ​ | $ | 10,706 | ​ | $ | 1,185,692
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction Real Estate | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 76,007 | ​ | $ | 131,981 | ​ | $ | 18,130 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 226,118
Watch | ​ |  | 64 | ​ |  | 2,906 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,970
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Construction Real Estate | ​ | $ | 76,071 | ​ | $ | 134,887 | ​ | $ | 18,130 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 229,088
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial Real Estate | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 251,759 | ​ | $ | 389,523 | ​ | $ | 449,298 | ​ | $ | 243,066 | ​ | $ | 73,189 | ​ | $ | 91,232 | ​ | $ | 47,322 | ​ | $ | 1,545,389
Watch | ​ |  | 6,762 | ​ |  | 22,825 | ​ |  | 1,715 | ​ |  | 1,667 | ​ |  | 4,702 | ​ |  | 2,585 | ​ |  | 519 | ​ |  | 40,775
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 6,660 | ​ |  | 360 | ​ |  | 27,882 | ​ |  | 283 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 428 | ​ |  | 588 | ​ |  | 36,201
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Commercial Real Estate | ​ | $ | 265,181 | ​ | $ | 412,708 | ​ | $ | 478,895 | ​ | $ | 245,016 | ​ | $ | 77,891 | ​ | $ | 94,245 | ​ | $ | 48,429 | ​ | $ | 1,622,365
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 33,371 | ​ | $ | 18,309 | ​ | $ | 6,829 | ​ | $ | 2,944 | ​ | $ | 829 | ​ | $ | 1,348 | ​ | $ | 80,852 | ​ | $ | 144,482
Watch | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 59 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 116
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Consumer | ​ | $ | 33,371 | ​ | $ | 18,311 | ​ | $ | 6,888 | ​ | $ | 2,947 | ​ | $ | 859 | ​ | $ | 1,348 | ​ | $ | 80,874 | ​ | $ | 144,598
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 168,459 | ​ | $ | 77,654 | ​ | $ | 52,879 | ​ | $ | 52,486 | ​ | $ | 6,256 | ​ | $ | 10,448 | ​ | $ | 293,963 | ​ | $ | 662,145
Watch | ​ |  | 1,281 | ​ |  | 328 | ​ |  | 247 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 355 | ​ |  | 622 | ​ |  | 2,833
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 930 | ​ |  | 299 | ​ |  | 1,063 | ​ |  | 17 | ​ |  | 116 | ​ |  | 839 | ​ |  | 50 | ​ |  | 3,314
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Commercial | ​ | $ | 170,670 | ​ | $ | 78,281 | ​ | $ | 54,189 | ​ | $ | 52,503 | ​ | $ | 6,372 | ​ | $ | 11,642 | ​ | $ | 294,635 | ​ | $ | 668,292
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Loans | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 720,679 | ​ | $ | 926,158 | ​ | $ | 802,592 | ​ | $ | 515,857 | ​ | $ | 166,539 | ​ | $ | 196,262 | ​ | $ | 432,843 | ​ | $ | 3,760,930
Watch | ​ |  | 8,921 | ​ |  | 26,306 | ​ |  | 2,049 | ​ |  | 2,063 | ​ |  | 4,800 | ​ |  | 2,963 | ​ |  | 1,141 | ​ |  | 48,243
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 7,590 | ​ |  | 1,458 | ​ |  | 29,004 | ​ |  | 486 | ​ |  | 146 | ​ |  | 1,518 | ​ |  | 660 | ​ |  | 40,862
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total | ​ | $ | 737,190 | ​ | $ | 953,922 | ​ | $ | 833,645 | ​ | $ | 518,406 | ​ | $ | 171,485 | ​ | $ | 200,743 | ​ | $ | 434,644 | ​ | $ | 3,850,035

​

At June 30, 2024, PCD loans comprised $40.9 million of credits rated “Pass”; $8.4 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $3.1 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”.

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The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding unfunded commitments on construction loans and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and year of origination as of June 30, 2023. This table includes PCD loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  | loans |  | Total
Residential Real Estate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 328,142 | ​ | $ | 312,853 | ​ | $ | 252,077 | ​ | $ | 103,735 | ​ | $ | 25,651 | ​ | $ | 96,035 | ​ | $ | 9,100 | ​ | $ | 1,127,593
Watch | ​ |  | 1,214 | ​ |  | 1,136 | ​ |  | 616 | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 27 | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | 3,304
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 837 | ​ |  | 316 | ​ |  | 510 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 857 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,520
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Residential Real Estate | ​ | $ | 330,193 | ​ | $ | 314,305 | ​ | $ | 253,203 | ​ | $ | 103,843 | ​ | $ | 25,849 | ​ | $ | 96,919 | ​ | $ | 9,105 | ​ | $ | 1,133,417
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction Real Estate | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 124,479 | ​ | $ | 50,011 | ​ | $ | 10,946 | ​ | $ | 3,190 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 941 | ​ | $ | 189,567
Watch | ​ |  | 280 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 280
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 330 | ​ |  | 679 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,009
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Construction Real Estate | ​ | $ | 125,089 | ​ | $ | 50,690 | ​ | $ | 10,946 | ​ | $ | 3,190 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 941 | ​ | $ | 190,856
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial Real Estate | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 462,643 | ​ | $ | 474,140 | ​ | $ | 279,921 | ​ | $ | 89,272 | ​ | $ | 74,653 | ​ | $ | 83,871 | ​ | $ | 37,443 | ​ | $ | 1,501,943
Watch | ​ |  | 8,122 | ​ |  | 5,382 | ​ |  | 163 | ​ |  | 3,879 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 117 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 17,663
Special Mention | ​ |  | 2,940 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,940
Substandard | ​ |  | 7,690 | ​ |  | 26,465 | ​ |  | 2,425 | ​ |  | 288 | ​ |  | 473 | ​ |  | 1,735 | ​ |  | 757 | ​ |  | 39,833
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Commercial Real Estate | ​ | $ | 481,395 | ​ | $ | 505,987 | ​ | $ | 282,509 | ​ | $ | 93,439 | ​ | $ | 75,126 | ​ | $ | 85,723 | ​ | $ | 38,200 | ​ | $ | 1,562,379
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 36,003 | ​ | $ | 14,530 | ​ | $ | 5,446 | ​ | $ | 1,692 | ​ | $ | 717 | ​ | $ | 1,379 | ​ | $ | 73,225 | ​ | $ | 132,992
Watch | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 62 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 133
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 33 | ​ |  | 2 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | 313 | ​ |  | 390
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Consumer | ​ | $ | 36,107 | ​ | $ | 14,532 | ​ | $ | 5,509 | ​ | $ | 1,692 | ​ | $ | 717 | ​ | $ | 1,420 | ​ | $ | 73,538 | ​ | $ | 133,515
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 138,500 | ​ | $ | 83,011 | ​ | $ | 71,054 | ​ | $ | 10,723 | ​ | $ | 6,239 | ​ | $ | 10,657 | ​ | $ | 272,710 | ​ | $ | 592,894
Watch | ​ |  | 698 | ​ |  | 211 | ​ |  | 91 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,549 | ​ |  | 3,552
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | 860 | ​ |  | 329 | ​ |  | 128 | ​ |  | 184 | ​ |  | 175 | ​ |  | 574 | ​ |  | 334 | ​ |  | 2,584
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Commercial | ​ | $ | 140,058 | ​ | $ | 83,551 | ​ | $ | 71,273 | ​ | $ | 10,910 | ​ | $ | 6,414 | ​ | $ | 11,231 | ​ | $ | 275,593 | ​ | $ | 599,030
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Loans | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 1,089,767 | ​ | $ | 934,545 | ​ | $ | 619,444 | ​ | $ | 208,612 | ​ | $ | 107,260 | ​ | $ | 191,942 | ​ | $ | 393,419 | ​ | $ | 3,544,989
Watch | ​ |  | 10,385 | ​ |  | 6,729 | ​ |  | 932 | ​ |  | 3,990 | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 144 | ​ |  | 2,554 | ​ |  | 24,932
Special Mention | ​ |  | 2,940 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,940
Substandard | ​ |  | 9,750 | ​ |  | 27,791 | ​ |  | 3,064 | ​ |  | 472 | ​ |  | 648 | ​ |  | 3,207 | ​ |  | 1,404 | ​ |  | 46,336
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total | ​ | $ | 1,112,842 | ​ | $ | 969,065 | ​ | $ | 623,440 | ​ | $ | 213,074 | ​ | $ | 108,106 | ​ | $ | 195,293 | ​ | $ | 397,377 | ​ | $ | 3,619,197

​

At June 30, 2023, PCD loans comprised $37.4 million of credits rated “Pass”; $12.7 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $6.3 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”.

Past Due Loans. The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis (excluding unfunded commitments on construction loans and deferred loan fees) as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. These tables include PCD

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loans, which are reported according to aging analysis after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Greater Than | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Greater Than 90
​ | ​ | 30-59 Days | ​ | 60-89 Days | ​ | 90 Days | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Loans | ​ | Days Past Due
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Current |  | Receivable |  | and Accruing
June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Real Estate Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential | ​ | $ | 520 | ​ | $ | 1,848 | ​ | $ | 478 | ​ | $ | 2,846 | ​ | $ | 1,182,846 | ​ | $ | 1,185,692 | ​ | $ | —
Construction | ​ |  | 213 | ​ |  | 376 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 589 | ​ |  | 228,499 | ​ |  | 229,088 | ​ |  | —
Commercial | ​ |  | 1,042 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | 1,095 | ​ |  | 2,138 | ​ |  | 1,620,227 | ​ |  | 1,622,365 | ​ |  | —
Consumer loans | ​ |  | 476 | ​ |  | 311 | ​ |  | 130 | ​ |  | 917 | ​ |  | 143,681 | ​ |  | 144,598 | ​ |  | —
Commercial loans | ​ |  | 877 | ​ |  | 85 | ​ |  | 1,749 | ​ |  | 2,711 | ​ |  | 665,581 | ​ |  | 668,292 | ​ |  | —
Total loans | ​ | $ | 3,128 | ​ | $ | 2,621 | ​ | $ | 3,452 | ​ | $ | 9,201 | ​ | $ | 3,840,834 | ​ | $ | 3,850,035 | ​ | $ | —

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Greater Than | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Greater Than 90
​ | ​ | 30-59 Days | ​ | 60-89 Days | ​ | 90 Days | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Loans | ​ | Days Past Due
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Current |  | Receivable |  | and Accruing
June 30, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Real Estate Loans: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Residential | ​ | $ | 1,984 | ​ | $ | 401 | ​ | $ | 483 | ​ | $ | 2,868 | ​ | $ | 1,130,549 | ​ | $ | 1,133,417 | ​ | $ | 109
Construction | ​ |  | 443 | ​ |  | 311 | ​ |  | 698 | ​ |  | 1,452 | ​ |  | 189,404 | ​ |  | 190,856 | ​ |  | —
Commercial | ​ |  | 616 | ​ |  | 1,854 | ​ |  | 1,580 | ​ |  | 4,050 | ​ |  | 1,558,329 | ​ |  | 1,562,379 | ​ |  | —
Consumer loans | ​ |  | 456 | ​ |  | 124 | ​ |  | 212 | ​ |  | 792 | ​ |  | 132,723 | ​ |  | 133,515 | ​ |  | —
Commercial loans | ​ |  | 713 | ​ |  | 77 | ​ |  | 789 | ​ |  | 1,579 | ​ |  | 597,451 | ​ |  | 599,030 | ​ |  | —
Total loans | ​ | $ | 4,212 | ​ | $ | 2,767 | ​ | $ | 3,762 | ​ | $ | 10,741 | ​ | $ | 3,608,456 | ​ | $ | 3,619,197 | ​ | $ | 109

​

At June 30, 2024 there was one PCD loan totaling $560,000 that was greater than 90 days past due, and none at June 30, 2023.

Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not adversely classified or determined to not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated pools of loans for determination of the ACL estimate. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Significant payment delays or shortfalls may lead to a determination that a loan should be individually evaluated for estimated credit losses.

​

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Collateral-dependent Loans. The following table presents the Company’s collateral dependent loans and related ACL at June 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowance on
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Residential | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Collateral
June 30, 2024 | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Other | ​ | Total | ​ | Dependent Loans
Real estate loans |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
1- to 4-family residential real estate |  | $ | — | ​ | $ | 797 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 797 | ​ | $ | 116
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 23,457 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 23,457 | ​ | ​ | 10,175
Commercial | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,705 | ​ | ​ | 2,705 | ​ | ​ | 635
Total loans | ​ | $ | 23,457 | ​ | $ | 797 | ​ | $ | 2,705 | ​ | $ | 26,959 | ​ | $ | 10,926

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowance on
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Residential | ​ | Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | Collateral
June 30, 2023 | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Total | ​ | Dependent Loans
Real estate loans |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
1- to 4-family residential |  | $ | — | ​ | $ | 837 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 837 | ​ | $ | 156
Construction real estate | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 642 | ​ | ​ | 642 | ​ | ​ | 79
Commercial real estate | ​ | ​ | 4,897 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,897 | ​ | ​ | 666
Total loans | ​ | $ | 4,897 | ​ | $ | 837 | ​ | $ | 642 | ​ | $ | 6,376 | ​ | $ | 901

​

The increase in commercial real estate collateral dependent loans is due primarily to two metropolitan area hotel relationships being individually analyzed as of June 30, 2024. In 2023, the Company was previously evaluating its non-owner occupied commercial real estate pool for qualitative adjustments related to similar loans.

Nonaccrual Loans. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segmented by class of loans at June 30, 2024 and 2023. The table excludes performing modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty at June 30, 2024 and excludes performing troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) at June 30, 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Residential real estate | ​ | $ | 798 | ​ | $ | 934
Construction real estate | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 698
Commercial real estate | ​ |  | 3,106 | ​ |  | 4,564
Consumer loans | ​ |  | 135 | ​ |  | 256
Commercial loans | ​ |  | 2,641 | ​ |  | 1,091
Total loans | ​ | $ | 6,680 | ​ | $ | 7,543

​

At June 30, 2024, there were no nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no ACL was recorded. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans in the periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, was immaterial.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures,” effective July 1, 2023. The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminated the recognition and measurement of TDRs and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

During fiscal 2024, two loan modifications, totaling $859,000, were made to loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Loans classified as modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty outstanding at June 30, 2024 are shown in the following table segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of amortized cost of loans that were modified compared to total outstanding loans is also presented below.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | June 30, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Term | ​ | Interest | ​ | Total Class of |
​ | Principal | ​ | Payment | ​ | Extension | ​ | Rate | ​ | Financing |
​ | Forgiveness |  | Delays |  | Modifications |  | Reduction |  | Receivable | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Residential real estate | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | — | %
Construction real estate |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | — | %
Commercial real estate |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | — | %
Consumer loans |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | — | %
Commercial loans |  | — | ​ |  | 859 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | 0.13 | %
Total | $ | — | ​ | $ | 859 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | 0.02 | %

​

Both loan modifications made during fiscal 2024 were more than 90 days past due, and were classified as substandard at June 30, 2024. Both of these loans defaulted in fiscal 2024. For modifications to loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are adversely classified, the Company determines the allowance for credit losses on an individual basis, using the same process that it utilizes for other adversely classified loans.

Troubled Debt Restructurings. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company’s loans that were subject to classification as TDRs were generally the result of guidance under ASU No. 2011-02, which indicated that the Company may not consider the borrower’s effective borrowing rate on the old debt immediately before the restructuring in determining whether a concession has been granted. Certain TDRs were classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and typically were returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period of at least six months.

During fiscal 2023, there were no loans modified as TDRs.

Performing loans classified as TDRs and outstanding at June 30, 2023, segregated by class, are shown in the table below. Nonperforming TDRs at June 30, 2023 are shown in the nonaccrual loans table above.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2023
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Recorded
(dollars in thousands) |  | modifications |  | Investment
Residential real estate |  | 10 | ​ | $ | 3,438
Construction real estate |  | — | ​ |  | —
Commercial real estate |  | 6 | ​ |  | 24,017
Consumer loans |  | — | ​ |  | —
Commercial loans |  | 6 | ​ |  | 2,310
Total |  | 22 | ​ | $ | 29,765

​

Real Estate Foreclosures. The Company may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure, deed in lieu, or in-substance repossession. As of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the carrying value of foreclosed residential real estate properties as a result of obtaining physical possession was $74,000 and $0, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had residential mortgage loans and home equity loans with a carrying value of $193,000 and $1.5 million respectively, collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

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Following is a summary of loans to executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates held by the Company at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Beginning Balance |  | $ | 10,547 | ​ | $ | 10,614
Additions |  |  | 6,465 | ​ |  | 6,374
Repayments |  |  | (5,911) | ​ |  | (7,223)
Change in related party |  |  | — | ​ |  | 782
Ending Balance |  | $ | 11,101 | ​ | $ | 10,547

​

​

​

​

NOTE 4: Premises and Equipment

Following is a summary of premises and equipment:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023
Land | ​ | $ | 15,376 | ​ | $ | 15,415
Buildings and improvements | ​ |  | 84,474 | ​ |  | 79,661
Construction in progress | ​ |  | 829 | ​ |  | 450
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and software | ​ |  | 27,850 | ​ |  | 26,404
Automobiles | ​ |  | 112 | ​ |  | 122
Operating leases ROU asset | ​ |  | 6,669 | ​ |  | 6,125
​ | ​ |  | 135,310 | ​ |  | 128,177
Less accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | 39,358 | ​ |  | 35,780
​ | ​ | $ | 95,952 | ​ | $ | 92,397

​

Leases. The Company elected certain relief options under ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), including the option not to recognize right of use asset and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases (leases with terms of twelve months or less). The Company has 11 leased properties, which includes banking facilities, administrative offices and ground leases, and numerous office equipment lease agreements in which it is the lessee, with lease terms exceeding twelve months.

The Company leases facilities it owns or portions of facilities it owns to other third parties. The Company has determined that all of these lease agreements, in terms of being the lessor, are classified as operating leases. For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, income recognized from these lessor agreements was $334,000 and $228,000, respectively. Income from lessor agreements was included in net occupancy and equipment expense. The operating leases are now included as a ROU asset in the premises and equipment line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The corresponding lease liability is included in the accounts payable and other liabilities line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

In the February 2022 Fortune merger, the Company assumed a ground lease with an entity that is controlled by a Company insider. This property is in St. Louis County, MO and is in its fourth year of a twenty year term.

ASU 2016-02 also requires certain other accounting elections. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify, meaning those with terms under twelve months. ROU assets or lease liabilities are not to be recognized for short-term leases. The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities in the table below are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Regarding the discount rate, the ASU requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is

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rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception over a similar term. The range of discount rate utilized was 5.0% to 8.5%. The expected lease terms range from 18 months to 20 years.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At or For the Twelve | ​ | At or For the Twelve
​ | ​ | Months Ended | ​ | Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | June 30, 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases right of use asset | ​ | $ | 6,669 | ​ | $ | 6,125
Operating leases liability | ​ | $ | 6,669 | ​ | $ | 6,125
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated Statement of Income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease costs classified as occupancy and equipment expense | ​ | $ | 1,215 | ​ | $ | 720
(includes short-term lease costs) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating cash flows from operating leases | ​ | $ | 840 | ​ | $ | 524
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations: | ​ | $ | 2,445 | ​ | $ | —

​

​

For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, lease expense was $1.2 million and $720,000, respectively. At June 30, 2024, future expected lease payments for leases with terms exceeding one year were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  |  | ​
2025 | ​ | $ | 772
2026 | ​ |  | 720
2027 | ​ |  | 714
2028 | ​ |  | 729
2029 | ​ |  | 748
Thereafter | ​ |  | 8,298
Future lease payments expected | ​ | $ | 11,981

​

​

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​

NOTE 5: Deposits

Deposits are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Non-interest bearing accounts | ​ | $ | 514,107 | ​ | $ | 597,600
NOW accounts | ​ |  | 1,239,663 | ​ |  | 1,328,423
Money market deposit accounts | ​ |  | 336,799 | ​ |  | 452,728
Savings accounts | ​ |  | 517,084 | ​ |  | 282,753
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
TOTAL NON-MATURITY DEPOSITS | ​ |  | 2,607,653 | ​ |  | 2,661,504
Certificates | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
0.00-0.99% | ​ |  | 17,862 | ​ |  | 92,533
1.00-1.99% | ​ |  | 33,395 | ​ |  | 109,564
2.00-2.99% | ​ |  | 46,195 | ​ |  | 186,538
3.00-3.99% | ​ |  | 149,095 | ​ |  | 109,780
4.00-4.99% | ​ |  | 671,562 | ​ |  | 472,546
5.00-5.99% | ​ |  | 421,816 | ​ |  | 93,057
6.00% and above | ​ |  | 4,879 | ​ |  | 18
TOTAL CERTIFICATES | ​ |  | 1,344,804 | ​ |  | 1,064,036
TOTAL DEPOSITS | ​ |  | 3,952,457 | ​ |  | 3,725,540

​

The aggregate amount of deposits with a minimum denomination of $250,000 was $1.2 billion at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Certificate maturities are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | ​ | ​
July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025 | ​ | $ | 1,082,571
July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026 | ​ | ​ | 101,415
July 1, 2026 to June 30, 2027 | ​ | ​ | 64,802
July 1, 2027 to June 30, 2028 | ​ | ​ | 65,916
July 1, 2028 to June 30, 2029 | ​ | ​ | 30,005
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | 95
TOTAL | ​ | $ | 1,344,804

​

Brokered certificates totaled $171.8 million and $146.5 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Deposits from executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates (related parties) held by the Company at June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled approximately $6.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively.

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NOTE 6: Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | June 30, |
Maturity | ​ | Rate | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
07/24/23 | ​ | 0.59 | % | $ | — | ​ | $ | 998 | ​
11/15/23 | ​ | 0.57 | % | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 993 | ​
03/06/24 | ​ | 0.95 | % | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,000 | ​
03/28/24 | ​ | 2.56 | % | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,000 | ​
07/24/24 | ​ | 0.66 | % | ​ | 1,995 | ​ | ​ | 1,966 | ​
08/13/24 | ​ | 1.88 | % | ​ | 3,000 | ​ | ​ | 3,000 | ​
03/06/25 | ​ | 1.01 | % | ​ | 3,000 | ​ | ​ | 3,000 | ​
07/15/25 | ​ | 0.77 | % | ​ | 1,967 | ​ | ​ | 1,939 | ​
04/20/26 | ​ | 4.39 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
06/22/26 | ​ | 4.55 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
06/26/26 | ​ | 4.49 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
07/17/26 | ​ | 4.54 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
07/22/26 | ​ | 1.10 | % | ​ | 1,951 | ​ | ​ | 1,929 | ​
12/14/26 | ​ | 2.65 | % | ​ | 137 | ​ | ​ | 189 | ​
04/12/27 | ​ | 4.04 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
04/27/27 | ​ | 4.07 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
05/03/27 | ​ | 3.95 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
05/12/27 | ​ | 3.86 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
06/22/27 | ​ | 4.38 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
06/25/27 | ​ | 4.34 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
07/19/27 | ​ | 4.37 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
03/23/28 | ​ | 3.85 | % | ​ | 10,000 | ​ | ​ | 10,000 | ​
03/24/28 | ​ | 3.93 | % | ​ | 10,000 | ​ | ​ | 10,000 | ​
06/22/28 | ​ | 4.21 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
06/26/28 | ​ | 4.18 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​
07/18/28 | ​ | 4.19 | % | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Overnight | ​ | 5.35 | % | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 33,500 | ​
​ | ​ | TOTAL | ​ | $ | 102,050 | ​ | $ | 133,514 | ​
Weighted-average rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.82 | % | ​ | 3.95 | %

​

Of the advances outstanding at June 30, 2024, none are callable by the FHLB prior to maturity. In addition to the above advances, the Bank had additional available credit amounting to $742.5 million and $541.3 million with the FHLB at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Advances from FHLB of Des Moines are secured by FHLB stock and commercial real estate loans, one- to four-family mortgage loans and multi-family mortgage loans pledged. To secure outstanding advances and the Bank’s line of credit, loans totaling $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion were pledged to the FHLB at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The principal maturities of FHLB advances at June 30, 2024, are below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
FHLB Advance Maturities |  | (dollars in thousands)
July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025 | ​ | $ | 7,995
July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026 | ​ | ​ | 16,967
July 1, 2026 to June 30, 2027 | ​ | ​ | 37,088
July 1, 2027 to June 30, 2028 | ​ | ​ | 35,000
July 1, 2028 to June 30, 2029 | ​ | ​ | 5,000
TOTAL | ​ | $ | 102,050

​

​

​

NOTE 7: Subordinated Debt

In March 2004, the Company established Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I as a statutory business trust, to issue Floating Rate Capital Securities (the “Trust Preferred Securities”). The securities mature in 2034, became redeemable after five years, and bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR. The securities represent undivided beneficial interests in the trust, which was established by the Company for the purpose of issuing the securities. The Trust Preferred Securities were sold in a private transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) and have not been registered under the Act. The securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. Southern Missouri Statutory Trust I used the proceeds from the sale of the Trust Preferred Securities to purchase Junior Subordinated Debentures (the “Debentures”) of the Company which have terms identical to the Trust Preferred Securities. At June 30, 2024, the Debentures carried an interest rate of 8.35%. The balance of the Debentures outstanding was $7.2 million at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023. The Company used its net proceeds for working capital and investment in its subsidiaries.

In connection with the October 2013 Ozarks Legacy Community Financial, Inc. (OLCF) merger, the Company assumed $3.1 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in June 2005 by OLCF in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. At June 30, 2024, the current rate was 8.05%. The carrying value of the debt securities was approximately $2.8 million at June 30, 2024 and $2.7 million at June 30, 2023, respectively.

In connection with the August 2014 Peoples Service Company, Inc. (PSC) merger, the Company assumed $6.5 million in floating rate junior subordinated debt securities. The debt securities had been issued in 2005 by PSC’s subsidiary bank holding company, Peoples Banking Company, in connection with the sale of trust preferred securities, bear interest at a floating rate based on SOFR, are now redeemable at par, and mature in 2035. At June 30, 2024, the current rate was 7.40%. The carrying value of the debt securities was approximately $5.6 million and $5.5 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s investment at a face amount of $505,000 in these trusts is included with Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets, and was carried at a value of $467,000 at June 30, 2024.

In connection with the February 2022 Fortune merger, the Company assumed $7.5 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. The notes had been issued in May 2021 by Fortune to a multi-lender group, bear interest through May 2026 at a fixed rate of 4.5%, and will bear interest thereafter at SOFR plus 3.77%. The notes will be redeemable at par beginning in May 2026, and mature in May 2031. The carrying value of the notes was approximately $7.6 million and $7.7 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

​

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NOTE 8: Employee Benefits

401(k) Retirement Plan. The Bank has a 401(k) retirement plan that covers substantially all eligible employees. The Bank makes “safe harbor” matching contributions of up to 4% of eligible compensation, depending upon the percentage of eligible pay deferred into the plan by the employee. Additional profit-sharing contributions of 5% of eligible salary have been accrued for the plan year ended June 30, 2024, which the board of directors authorizes based on management recommendations and financial performance for fiscal 2024. Total 401(k) expense for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $2.8 million, $2.4 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. At June 30, 2024, 401(k) plan participants held approximately 412,000 shares of the Company’s stock in the plan. Employee deferrals and safe harbor contributions are fully vested. Profit-sharing or other contributions vest over a period of five years.

2008 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company adopted an Equity Incentive Plan (the EIP) in 2008, reserving for award 132,000 shares (split-adjusted). EIP shares were available for award to directors, officers, and employees of the Company and its affiliates by a committee of outside directors. The committee held the power to set vesting requirements for each award under the EIP. At the 2017 annual meeting, shareholders approved the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which provided that no further awards would be made under the EIP. From fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2017, the Company awarded 122,803 shares, and no awards were made under the plan since fiscal 2017. All EIP awards were in the form of either restricted stock vesting at the rate of 20% of such shares per year, or performance-based restricted stock vesting at up to of 20% of such shares per year, contingent on the achievement of specified profitability targets over a three-year period. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, there were no EIP shares vested, while during fiscal 2022 there were 2,250 EIP shares (split-adjusted) that vested. Compensation expense, in the amount of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant, is recognized pro-rata over the five years during which the shares vest. There was no EIP expense for fiscal 2024 and 2023, and for fiscal 2022, EIP expense was $46,000. At June 30, 2024, no awards remained outstanding, and there was no unvested compensation expense related to the EIP.

2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company adopted a stock option plan in October 2003 (the 2003 Plan). Under the plan, the Company granted options to purchase 242,000 shares (split-adjusted) to employees and directors, of which, options to purchase 197,000 shares (split-adjusted) have been exercised, and options to purchase 45,000 shares (split-adjusted) have been forfeited. Under the 2003 Plan, exercised options may be issued from either authorized but unissued shares, or treasury shares. At the 2017 annual meeting, shareholders approved the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which provided that no further awards would be made under the 2003 Plan.

As of June 30, 2024, no options remained outstanding and there was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options under the 2003 Plan. No options to purchase shares were vested in fiscal 2024, 2023 or 2022. There were 10,000 shares exercised in fiscal 2024, and none were exercised in fiscal 2023 or 2022.

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Company adopted an equity-based incentive plan in October 2017 (the 2017 Plan). Under the 2017 plan, the Company reserved for issuance 500,000 shares of common stock for awards to employees and directors, against which full value awards (stock-based awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights) are to be counted on a 2.5-for-1 basis. The 2017 Plan authorized awards to be made to employees, officers, and directors by a committee of outside directors. The committee held the power to set vesting requirements for each award under the 2017 Plan. Under the 2017 Plan, stock awards and shares issued pursuant to exercised options may be issued from either authorized but unissued shares, or treasury shares.

Under the 2017 Plan, as of June 30, 2024, options to purchase 161,500 shares have been granted to employees and directors, of which 6,000 options have been exercised, 15,000 have been forfeited, and 140,500 remain outstanding. As of June 30, 2024, there was $1.0 million in remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options under the 2017 Plan, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period. The aggregate intrinsic value of in-the-money stock options outstanding under the 2017 Plan at June 30, 2024, was $704,000, and 12,600 options were exercisable and out-of-the-money at June 30, 2024, with a strike price in excess of the market price. The intrinsic value of options vested in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $126,000, $42,000, and $150,000, respectively.

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Full value awards totaling 26,600, 28,650, and 22,350 shares, respectively, were issued to employees and directors in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. All full value awards were in the form of either:

| ● | restricted stock vesting at the rate of one-fifth of such shares per year,

| ● | performance-based restricted stock vesting at up to 20% of such shares per year, contingent on the achievement of specified profitability targets over a trailing three-year period, or

| ● | restricted stock vesting at the rate of one-third of such shares per year,

| ● | restricted stock vesting after a three-year service requirement.

During fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, full value awards of 16,624, 15,140, and 12,860 shares were vested, respectively. Compensation expense, in the amount of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant, is recognized pro-rata over the vesting period. Compensation expense for full value awards under the 2017 Plan for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $903,000, $833,000, and $548,000, respectively. At June 30, 2024, unvested compensation expense related to full value awards under the 2017 Plan was approximately $2.5 million.

Changes in options outstanding under the 2003 Plan and the 2017 Plan were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Price | ​ | Number | ​ | Price | ​ | Number | ​ | Price | ​ | Number
Outstanding at beginning of year | ​ | $ | 39.63 | ​ | 148,000 | ​ | $ | 36.56 | ​ | 104,000 | ​ | $ | 33.77 | ​ | 89,500
Granted | ​ | ​ | 40.74 | ​ | 23,500 | ​ | ​ | 38.58 | ​ | 44,000 | ​ | ​ | 53.82 | ​ | 14,500
Exercised | ​ | ​ | 24.49 | ​ | (16,000) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | —
Forfeited |  | ​ | 42.35 | ​ | (15,000) |  | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | ​ | — | ​ | —
Outstanding at year-end | ​ | $ | 34.43 | ​ | 140,500 | ​ | $ | 39.63 | ​ | 148,000 | ​ | $ | 36.56 | ​ | 104,000
Options exercisable at year-end | ​ | $ | 38.44 | ​ | 65,800 | ​ | $ | 33.89 | ​ | 63,700 | ​ | $ | 31.92 | ​ | 44,900

​

The following is a summary of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model in determining the fair values of options granted during fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
Assumptions: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Expected dividend yield | ​ | ​ | 2.06 | % | ​ | 1.79 | % | ​ | 1.49 | %
Expected volatility |  | ​ | 34.89 | % | ​ | 29.67 | % | ​ | 28.02 | %
Risk-free interest rate | ​ | ​ | 4.12 | % | ​ | 3.79 | % | ​ | 1.82 | %
Weighted-average expected life (years) | ​ | ​ | 10.00 | ​ | ​ | 10.00 | ​ | ​ | 10.00 | ​
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the year | ​ | $ | 15.88 | ​ | $ | 16.68 | ​ | $ | 16.38 | ​

​

​

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The table below summarizes information about stock options outstanding under the 2003 Plan and 2017 Plan at June 30, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted | ​ | Options Outstanding | ​ | Options Exercisable
Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted
Remaining | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
Contractual | ​ | Number | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Number | ​ | Exercise
Life | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Price | ​ | Exercisable | ​ | Price
43 mo. | ​ | 11,500 | ​ | ​ | 37.31 | ​ | 11,500 | ​ | ​ | 37.31
54 mo. | ​ | 15,500 | ​ | ​ | 34.35 | ​ | 15,500 | ​ | ​ | 34.35
68 mo. | ​ | 15,500 | ​ | ​ | 37.40 | ​ | 12,400 | ​ | ​ | 37.40
79 mo. | ​ | 23,000 | ​ | ​ | 34.91 | ​ | 13,800 | ​ | ​ | 34.91
91 mo. | ​ | 11,500 | ​ | ​ | 53.82 | ​ | 4,600 | ​ | ​ | 53.82
97 mo. | ​ | 7,500 | ​ | ​ | 46.59 | ​ | 1,500 | ​ | ​ | 46.59
104 mo. | ​ | 32,500 | ​ | ​ | 46.94 | ​ | 6,500 | ​ | ​ | 46.94
111 mo. | ​ | 3,500 | ​ | ​ | 40.28 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 40.28
115 mo. | ​ | 20,000 | ​ | ​ | 40.82 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 40.82

​

​

​

NOTE 9: Income Taxes

The Company and its subsidiary files income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and various states. The Company is no longer subject to federal and state tax examinations by tax authorities for tax years ending June 30, 2019 and before. The Company’s Missouri income tax returns for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2016 through 2018 are under audit by the Missouri Department of Revenue. The Company recognized no interest or penalties related to income taxes for the periods presented.

The components of net deferred tax assets (included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet) are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Deferred tax assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Provision for losses on loans | ​ | $ | 12,159 | ​ | $ | 12,101
Accrued compensation and benefits | ​ |  | 1,063 | ​ |  | 974
NOL carry forwards acquired | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | 709
Low income housing tax credit carry forward | ​ |  | 396 | ​ |  | 1,192
Unrealized loss on other real estate | ​ |  | 949 | ​ |  | 818
Unrealized loss on available for sale securities | ​ | ​ | 4,915 | ​ | ​ | 6,174
Total deferred tax assets | ​ |  | 19,512 | ​ |  | 21,968
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax liabilities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Purchase accounting adjustments | ​ |  | 2,452 | ​ |  | 2,348
Depreciation | ​ |  | 4,519 | ​ |  | 4,276
FHLB stock dividends | ​ |  | 120 | ​ |  | 120
Prepaid expenses | ​ |  | 705 | ​ |  | 728
Other | ​ |  | 529 | ​ |  | 1,636
Total deferred tax liabilities | ​ |  | 8,325 | ​ |  | 9,108
Net deferred tax asset | ​ | $ | 11,187 | ​ | $ | 12,860

​

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $137,000 and $0 in federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, respectively, which were acquired in the July 2009 Southern Bank of Commerce merger, the February 2014 Citizens State Bankshares of Bald Knob, Inc. merger, the April 2020 Central Federal Savings and Loan merger, the February 2022 Fortune Bank merger, and the January 2023 Citizens merger. The amount reported is net of the IRC Sec. 382 limitation, or state equivalent, related to utilization of net operating loss carryforwards of acquired corporations. Unless otherwise utilized, the net operating losses will begin to expire in 2030.

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A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | For the year ended June 30
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Tax at statutory rate | ​ | $ | 13,253 | ​ | $ | 10,387 | ​ | $ | 12,580
Increase (reduction) in taxes resulting from: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Nontaxable municipal income | ​ |  | (471) | ​ |  | (327) | ​ |  | (349)
State tax, net of Federal benefit | ​ |  | 412 | ​ |  | 46 | ​ |  | 812
Cash surrender value of Bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | (401) | ​ |  | (318) | ​ |  | (245)
Tax credit benefits | ​ |  | (12) | ​ |  | (19) | ​ |  | (45)
Other, net | ​ |  | 147 | ​ |  | 457 | ​ |  | (18)
Actual provision | ​ | $ | 12,928 | ​ | $ | 10,226 | ​ | $ | 12,735

​

For the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022, income tax expense at the statutory rate was calculated using a 21% annual effective tax rate (AETR). Tax credit benefits are recognized under the deferral method of accounting for investments in tax credits.

NOTE 10: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI)

The components of AOCI, included in stockholders’ equity, are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale | ​ | $ | (22,339) | ​ | $ | (28,062)
Net unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale securities for which a portion of impairment has been recognized in income | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | (1)
Unrealized gain from defined benefit pension plan | ​ | ​ | (27) | ​ | ​ | (32)
​ | ​ | ​ | (22,367) | ​ | ​ | (28,095)
Tax effect | ​ | ​ | 4,912 | ​ | ​ | 6,170
Net of tax amount | ​ | $ | (17,455) | ​ | $ | (21,925)

​

Amounts reclassified from AOCI and the affected line items in the consolidated statements of income during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amounts Reclassified From AOCI | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Affected Line Item in the Condensed
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Consolidated Statements of Income
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale | ​ | $ | (1,489) | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | Net realized gains on sale of AFS securities
Amortization of defined benefit pension items | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | ​ | Compensation and benefits (included in computation of net periodic pension costs)
Total reclassified amount before tax | ​ | ​ | (1,484) | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​
Tax benefit | ​ | ​ | (312) | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | Provision for income tax
Total reclassification out of AOCI | ​ | $ | (1,172) | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | ​ | Net Income

​

​

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NOTE 11: Stockholders’ Equity and Regulatory Capital

The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory – and possibly additional discretionary – actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under U.S. GAAP, regulatory reporting requirements and regulatory capital standards. The Company and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Furthermore, the Company and Bank’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

Quantitative measures established by regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total capital, Tier 1 capital (as defined), and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average total assets (as defined). Additionally, to make distributions or discretionary bonus payments, the Company and Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. Management believes, as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

In August 2020, the Federal banking agencies adopted a final rule updating a December 2018 rule regarding the impact on regulatory capital of adoption of the CECL standard. The rule now allows institutions that adopt the CECL standard in 2020 a five-year transition period to recognize the estimated impact of adoption on regulatory capital. The Company and the Bank elected to exercise the option to recognize the impact of adoption over the five-year period.

As of June 30, 2024, the most recent notification from the Federal banking agencies categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

​

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The tables below summarize the Company and Bank’s actual and required regulatory capital:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | To Be Well Capitalized Under | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Prompt Corrective Action | ​
​ | ​ | Actual | ​ | ​ | For Capital Adequacy Purposes | ​ | ​ | Provisions | ​
As of June 30, 2024 | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​ | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​ | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated |  | $ | 524,023 |  | 13.23 | % |  | $ | 316,979 |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | n/a |  | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 496,105 | ​ | 12.68 | % | ​ | ​ | 312,877 | ​ | 8.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 391,097 | ​ | 10.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 467,027 | ​ | 11.79 | % | ​ | ​ | 237,734 | ​ | 6.00 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 447,192 | ​ | 11.43 | % | ​ | ​ | 234,658 | ​ | 6.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 312,877 | ​ | 8.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 467,027 | ​ | 10.19 | % | ​ | ​ | 183,262 | ​ | 4.00 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 447,192 | ​ | 9.79 | % | ​ | ​ | 182,723 | ​ | 4.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 228,403 | ​ | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 451,474 | ​ | 11.39 | % | ​ | ​ | 178,300 | ​ | 4.50 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 447,192 | ​ | 11.43 | % | ​ | ​ | 175,993 | ​ | 4.50 | % | ​ | ​ | 254,213 | ​ | 6.50 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | To Be Well Capitalized Under | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Prompt Corrective Action | ​
​ | ​ | Actual | ​ | ​ | For Capital Adequacy Purposes | ​ | ​ | Provisions | ​
As of June 30, 2023 | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​ | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​ | ​ | Amount |  | Ratio | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated |  | $ | 481,236 |  | 12.52 | % |  | $ | 307,528 |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | n/a |  | n/a |
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 454,699 | ​ | 11.77 | % | ​ | ​ | 308,932 | ​ | 8.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 386,166 | ​ | 10.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 426,644 | ​ | 11.10 | % | ​ | ​ | 230,646 | ​ | 6.00 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 407,764 | ​ | 10.56 | % | ​ | ​ | 231,699 | ​ | 6.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 308,932 | ​ | 8.00 | %
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 426,644 | ​ | 9.95 | % | ​ | ​ | 171,470 | ​ | 4.00 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 407,764 | ​ | 9.54 | % | ​ | ​ | 170,942 | ​ | 4.00 | % | ​ | ​ | 213,677 | ​ | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consolidated | ​ | ​ | 411,196 | ​ | 10.70 | % | ​ | ​ | 172,985 | ​ | 4.50 | % | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​
Southern Bank | ​ | ​ | 407,764 | ​ | 10.56 | % | ​ | ​ | 173,774 | ​ | 4.50 | % | ​ | ​ | 251,008 | ​ | 6.50 | %

​

The Bank’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock to the Company is restricted to maintain adequate capital as shown in the above tables. Additionally, prior regulatory approval is required for the declaration of any dividends generally in excess of the sum of net income for that calendar year and retained net income for the preceding two calendar years. At June 30, 2024, approximately $30.2 million of the equity of the Bank was available for distribution as dividends to the Company without prior regulatory approval.

​

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NOTE 12: Commitments and Contingencies

Standby Letters of Credit. In the normal course of business, the Company issues various financial standby, performance standby, and commercial letters of credit for its customers. As consideration for the letters of credit, the institution charges letter of credit fees based on the face amount of the letters and the creditworthiness of the counterparties. These letters of credit are standalone agreements, and are unrelated to any obligation the depositor has to the Company.

Standby letters of credit are irrevocable conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Financial standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. Performance standby letters of credit are issued to guarantee performance of certain customers under non-financial contractual obligations. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

The Company had total outstanding standby letters of credit amounting to $6.2 million at June 30, 2024, and $7.1 million at June 30, 2023, with terms ranging from 12 to 24 months. At June 30, 2024, the Company’s deferred revenue under standby letters of credit agreements was nominal.

Off-balance-sheet and Credit Risk. The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements do not reflect various financial instruments to extend credit to meet the financing needs of its customers.

These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets. Lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates. Since a portion of the line may expire without being drawn upon, the total unused lines do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. Management uses the same credit policies in granting lines of credit as it does for on balance sheet instruments.

The Company had $898.6 million in commitments to extend credit at June 30, 2024, and $912.0 million at June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2024, total commitments to originate fixed-rate loans with terms in excess of one year were $159.3 million at rates ranging from 4.95% to 9.00%, with a weighted-average rate of 7.04%. Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit include exposure to some credit loss in the event of nonperformance of the customer. The Company’s policies for credit commitments and financial guarantees are the same as those for extension of credit that are recorded in the balance sheet. The commitments extend over varying periods of time with the majority being disbursed within a thirty-day period.

The Company originates collateralized commercial, real estate, and consumer loans to customers in Missouri, Arkansas, and Illinois. Although the Company has a diversified portfolio, loans aggregating $1.5 billion at June 30, 2024, are secured by single and multi-family residential real estate generally located in the Company’s primary lending area.

Legal proceedings. Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Company or the Bank, mainly as defendants, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Company or the Bank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans and other activities incident to the Company’s or the Bank’s business. Aside from such pending claims and lawsuits, which are incident to the conduct of the Company’s or the Bank’s ordinary business, the Company and the Bank are not parties to any material pending legal proceedings which, in the pinion of management, are expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or operations of the Company.

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NOTE 13: Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands except per share data) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
Less: distributed earnings allocated to participating securities | ​ |  | (49) | ​ |  | (42) | ​ |  | (30)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities | ​ |  | (208) | ​ |  | (150) | ​ |  | (165)
Net income available to common shareholders | ​ | $ | 49,925 | ​ | $ | 39,045 | ​ | $ | 46,974
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator for basic earnings per share - | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 11,292,634 | ​ |  | 10,124,766 | ​ |  | 8,994,022
Effect of dilutive securities stock options or awards | ​ |  | 8,645 | ​ |  | 17,033 | ​ |  | 17,122
Denominator for diluted earnings per share | ​ | ​ | 11,301,279 | ​ | ​ | 10,141,799 | ​ | ​ | 9,011,144
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share available to common stockholders | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.86 | ​ | $ | 5.22
Diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders | ​ | $ | 4.42 | ​ | $ | 3.85 | ​ | $ | 5.21

​

Certain option and restricted stock awards were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive, based on the average market prices of the Company’s common stock for these periods. Outstanding options and shares of restricted stock totaling 79,830, 66,607, and 22,750 were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

​

NOTE 14: Business Combinations

On January 20, 2023, the Company completed the merger with Citizens and its wholly owned subsidiary, Citizens Bank and Trust Company (“Citizens Bank”), in a stock and cash transaction. In late February 2023, the Company merged Citizens Bank with and into the Bank, coincident to the data systems conversion. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred $95,000 and $4.9 million, respectively, of third-party acquisition-related costs, which are included in noninterest expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income.

​

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on preliminary valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the purchase price for the Citizens merger is detailed in the following table. If, prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing the purchase price allocation, information becomes available about facts and circumstances that existed as of the merger date, which would indicate adjustments are required to the purchase price allocation, such adjustments will be included in the purchase price allocation retrospectively.

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Citizens Bancshares Company | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
Cash | ​ | $ | 34,889
Common stock, at fair value | ​ | ​ | 98,280
Total consideration | ​ | $ | 133,169
​ |  | ​ | ​
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 243,225
Investment securities | ​ |  | 226,497
Loans | ​ |  | 447,388
Premises and equipment | ​ |  | 23,430
BOLI | ​ |  | 21,733
Identifiable intangible assets | ​ |  | 24,645
Miscellaneous other assets | ​ |  | 9,366
​ | ​ |  | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | (851,140)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | (27,629)
Miscellaneous other liabilities | ​ | ​ | (7,784)
Total identifiable net assets | ​ | ​ | 109,731
Goodwill | ​ | $ | 23,438

​

Of the total purchase price, $22.1 million was allocated to core deposit intangible, and will be amortized over ten years on a straight line basis, $2.6 million was allocated to the intangible related to the acquired trust and wealth management business line and will be amortized over ten years on a straight line basis, and $23.4 million was allocated to goodwill. None of the purchase price is deductible. Goodwill is attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Bank and Citizens Bank. To the extent that management revises any of the fair value of the above fair value adjustments as a result of continuing evaluation, the amount of goodwill recorded in the merger will change.

The Company acquired the $461.5 million loan portfolio at an estimated fair value discount of $14.1 million. The excess of expected cash flows above the fair value of the performing portion of loans will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loans acquired that were not subject to guidance relating to PCD loans include loans with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $419.5. million and $520.0 million at the date of acquisition. Management identified 48 PCD loans, with a book balance of $27.5 million, associated with the Citizens merger(ASC 310-30).

The Company utilized an outside valuation expert to estimate the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities. This work related primarily to loans, the core deposit intangible, and the intangible related to the acquired trust and wealth management business line.

The acquired business contributed revenues of $18.6 million and earnings of $2.7 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, and revenues of $11.6 million and earnings of $3.3 million for the period from January 20, 2023 through June 30, 2023. The following unaudited pro forma summaries present consolidated information of the Company as if the business combination had occurred on the first day of each period:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Pro Forma
​ | ​ | For the twelve months ended
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​
Revenue | ​ | $ | 183,878 | ​ | $ | 166,101 | ​
Earnings | ​ | $ | 51,156 | ​ | $ | 56,856 | ​

​

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On February 25, 2022, the Company completed its merger with Fortune and its wholly owned subsidiary, FortuneBank (“FB”), in a stock and cash transaction valued at approximately $35.5 million. The acquired financial institution was merged with and into the Bank simultaneously with the of Fortune merger. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred $0, $45,000 and $1.4 million, respectively, of third party acquisition-related costs, which are included in noninterest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the purchase price for the Fortune merger is detailed in the following table.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fortune Financial Corporation | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
Cash | ​ | $ | 12,664
Common stock, at fair value | ​ | ​ | 22,884
Total consideration | ​ | $ | 35,548
​ |  | ​ | ​
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 34,280
Interest bearing time deposits | ​ |  | 2,300
Loans | ​ |  | 202,053
Premises and equipment | ​ |  | 7,690
BOLI | ​ |  | 3,720
Identifiable intangible assets | ​ |  | 1,602
Miscellaneous other assets | ​ |  | 3,512
​ | ​ |  | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | (213,670)
FHLB Advances | ​ |  | (9,681)
Subordinated debt | ​ |  | (7,800)
Miscellaneous other liabilities | ​ | ​ | (1,214)
Total identifiable net assets | ​ | ​ | 22,792
Goodwill | ​ | $ | 12,756

​

Of the total purchase price, $1.6 million has been allocated to core deposit intangible, and will be amortized over seven years on a straight line basis. Additionally, $12.8 million has been allocated to goodwill, and none of the purchase price is deductible. Goodwill is attributable to synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Bank and FB.

The Company acquired the $204.1 million loan portfolio at an estimated fair value discount of $2.1 million. The excess of expected cash flows above the fair value of the performing portion of loans will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loans acquired that were not subject to guidance relating to purchase credit deteriorated (PCD) loans include loans with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $187.0 million and $211.0 million at the date of merger. Management identified 31 PCD loans, with a book balance of $15.1 million, associated with the Fortune merger (ASC 310-30).

On December 15, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the Cairo, Illinois, branch (“Cairo”) of First National Bank, Oldham, South Dakota. The deal resulted in the Bank relocating its facility from its prior location to the First National Bank location in Cairo. The Company views the acquisition and updates to the new facility as an expression of its continuing commitment to the Cairo community. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred $50,000 of third-party acquisition-related costs, included in noninterest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income, and incurred none in fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the purchase price for the Cairo acquisition is detailed in the following table.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
First National Bank - Cairo Branch | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash received | ​ | $ | (26,932)
​ |  | ​ | ​
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 220
Loans | ​ |  | 408
Premises and equipment | ​ |  | 468
Identifiable intangible assets | ​ |  | 168
Miscellaneous other assets | ​ |  | 1
​ | ​ |  | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | (28,540)
Miscellaneous other liabilities | ​ | ​ | (99)
Total identifiable net liabilities | ​ | ​ | (27,374)
Goodwill | ​ | $ | 442

​

​

​

​

NOTE 15: Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in active markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

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Recurring Measurements. The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at June 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024, Using:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Active Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Unobservable Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 27,753 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 27,753 | ​ | $ | —
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 31,277 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 31,277 | ​ | ​ | —
Asset backed securities | ​ | ​ | 58,679 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 58,679 | ​ | ​ | —
Other securities | ​ |  | 5,333 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,333 | ​ |  | —
MBS and CMOs | ​ |  | 304,861 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 304,861 | ​ |  | —
Mortgage servicing rights | ​ | ​ | 2,448 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,448
Derivative financial instruments | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Derivative financial instruments | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | —

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023, Using:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Active Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Unobservable Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | ​ | $ | 42,568 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 42,568 | ​ | $ | —
Corporate obligations | ​ | ​ | 32,538 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 32,538 | ​ | ​ | —
Asset backed securities | ​ | ​ | 68,626 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 68,626 | ​ | ​ | —
Other securities | ​ |  | 3,570 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,570 | ​ |  | —
MBS and CMOs | ​ | ​ | 270,252 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 270,252 | ​ | ​ | —

​

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the year ended June 30, 2024.

Available-for-sale Securities. When quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. For these securities, our Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Derivative financial instruments. The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of interest rate swaps on loans accounted for as fair value hedges. The fair value of interest rate swaps was determined by discounting the expected cash flows of the interest rate swaps. This valuation reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swaps, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs. The inputs used to value the Company’s interest rate swaps fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and as a result, the interest rate swaps were categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. See information regarding the Company’s derivative financial agreements in Note 16: Derivative Financial Instruments of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Mortgage servicing rights: The Company records MSR at fair value on a recurring basis with subsequent remeasurement of MSR based on change in fair value. An estimate of the fair value of the Company’s MSR is

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determined by utilizing assumptions about factors such as mortgage interest rates, discount rates, mortgage loan prepayment speeds, market trends and industry demand. All of the Company’s MSR are classified as Level 3.

Nonrecurring Measurements. The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fell at June 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024, Using:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Active Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Unobservable Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale | ​ | $ | 759 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 759
Collateral dependent loans | ​ | ​ | 12,994 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,994

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023, Using:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Active Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Unobservable Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale | ​ | $ | 1,472 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,472

​

The following table presents losses recognized on assets measured on a non-recurring basis for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale | ​ | $ | 74 | ​ | $ | 60
Total losses on assets measured on a non-recurring basis | ​ | $ | 74 | ​ | $ | 60

​

The following is a description of valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarch. For assets classified within Level 3 of fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value process is described below.

Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets Held for Sale. Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale are valued at the time the loan is foreclosed upon or collateral is repossessed and the asset is transferred to foreclosed or repossessed assets held for sale. The value of the asset is based on third party or internal appraisals, less estimated costs to sell and appropriate discounts, if any. The appraisals are generally discounted based on current and expected market conditions that may impact the sale or value of the asset and management’s knowledge and experience with similar assets. Such discounts typically may be significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value of these assets. Foreclosed and repossessed assets held for sale are continually evaluated for additional impairment and are adjusted accordingly if impairment is identified.

Collateral-Dependent Loans. The Company records collateral-dependent loans as Nonrecurring Level 3. If a loan’s fair value as estimated by the Company is less than its carrying value, the Company either records a charge-off of the portion of the loan that exceeds the fair value or establishes a reserve within the allowance for credit losses specific to the loan.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs. The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Range |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | Fair value at | ​ | Valuation | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | of | ​ | Weighted-average |
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | technique | ​ | inputs | ​ | inputs applied | ​ | inputs applied |
Nonrecurring Measurements |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Foreclosed and repossessed assets | ​ | $ | 759 |  | Third party appraisal |  | Marketability discount |  | 17.9 - 44.9 | % | 20.3 | %
Collateral dependent loans | ​ | ​ | 12,994 |  | Collateral value |  | Marketability discount |  | 14.5 -52.3 | % | 43.7 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Range |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | Fair value at | ​ | Valuation | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | of | ​ | Weighted-average |
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | June 30, 2023 | ​ | technique | ​ | inputs | ​ | inputs applied | ​ | inputs applied |
Nonrecurring Measurements |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Foreclosed and repossessed assets | ​ | $ | 1,472 |  | Third party appraisal |  | Marketability discount |  | 14.9 - 14.9 | % | 14.9 | %

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The following table presents estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fell at June 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Unobservable
​ | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial assets |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 60,904 | ​ | $ | 60,904 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Interest-bearing time deposits | ​ |  | 491 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 491 | ​ |  | —
Stock in FHLB | ​ |  | 8,713 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 8,713 | ​ |  | —
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis | ​ |  | 9,089 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 9,089 | ​ |  | —
Loans receivable, net | ​ |  | 3,797,287 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,639,657
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 23,826 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 23,826 | ​ |  | —
Mortgage servicing assets | ​ | ​ | 2,448 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,448
Derivative financial instruments | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | —
Financial liabilities | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | 3,952,457 | ​ |  | 2,607,653 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,338,215
Advances from FHLB | ​ |  | 102,050 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 100,468 | ​ |  | —
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 12,868 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12,868 | ​ |  | —
Subordinated debt | ​ |  | 23,156 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 20,576
Derivative financial instruments | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | —
Unrecognized financial instruments (net of contract amount) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Commitments to originate loans | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Letters of credit | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Lines of credit | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Significant Other | ​ | Unobservable
​ | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Observable Inputs | ​ | Inputs
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial assets |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 53,979 | ​ | $ | 53,979 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Interest-bearing time deposits | ​ |  | 1,242 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,242 | ​ |  | —
Stock in FHLB | ​ |  | 11,540 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,540 | ​ |  | —
Stock in Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis | ​ |  | 9,061 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 9,061 | ​ |  | —
Loans receivable, net | ​ |  | 3,571,078 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,393,791
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 18,871 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 18,871 | ​ |  | —
Financial liabilities | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | 3,725,540 | ​ |  | 2,661,479 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,053,650
Advances from FHLB | ​ |  | 133,514 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 131,821 | ​ |  | —
Accrued interest payable | ​ | ​ | 4,723 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,723 | ​ |  | —
Subordinated debt | ​ | ​ | 23,105 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 20,318
Unrecognized financial instruments (net of contract amount) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments to originate loans | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Letters of credit | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Lines of credit | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —

​

​

NOTE 16: Derivative Financial Instruments

​

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, to convert certain long term fixed rate loans to floating rates to manage interest rate risk, facilitate asset/liability management strategies and manage other exposures. The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in other assets and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and in the net change in each of these line items in the operating section of the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The unrealized gains and losses, representing the change in fair value of the derivative is being recorded in interest income in the consolidated statements of income. The ineffective portions of the unrealized gains or losses, if any, are recorded in interest income and interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company executed two interest rate swaps, designated as fair value hedges, with an original notional amounts of $20.0 million each, for a total of $40.0 million, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, to convert certain long-term fixed rate 1-4 family loans to floating rates to hedge interest rate risk exposure. The portfolio layer method is being used, which allows the Company to designate a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults or other factors that could affect the timing and amount of the cash flow, as the hedged item. The effect of the swaps on loan interest income in the income statement during the year ended June 30, 2024 was not significant.

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s interest rate swaps at June 30, 2024 are presented in the table below. There were no interest rate swaps at June 30, 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Fair Value
​ |  | ​ | Notional |  | Other |  | Other
(dollars in thousands) |  | ​ | Amount |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
1-4 Family interest rate swaps | ​ | $ | 40,000 | ​ | $ | 20 | ​ | $ | 15

​

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The carrying amount of the hedged assets, located in loans receivable, net and cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets at June 30, 2024 are presented in the table below. There were no interest rate swaps at June 30, 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ |  | Carrying |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
​ |  | Amount of |  | Hedging Adj Included in
(dollars in thousands) |  | Hedged Assets |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged assets
1-4 Family interest rate swaps | ​ | $ | 553,307 | ​ | $ | 5

​

​

NOTE 17: Significant Estimates

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require disclosure of certain significant estimates and current vulnerabilities due to certain concentrations. Estimates related to the allowance for credit losses are described in Note 1.

​

​

NOTE 18: Condensed Parent Company Only Financial Statements

The following condensed balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income and cash flows for Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30,
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023
Condensed Balance Sheets | ​ | ​
Assets | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 13,967 | ​ | $ | 13,442
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 52,220 | ​ | ​ | 52,178
Investment in common stock of Bank | ​ | ​ | 446,131 | ​ | ​ | 404,247
TOTAL ASSETS | ​ | $ | 512,318 | ​ | $ | 469,867
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | $ | 414 | ​ | $ | 704
Subordinated debt | ​ | ​ | 23,156 | ​ | ​ | 23,105
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ | ​ | 23,570 | ​ | ​ | 23,809
Stockholders' equity | ​ | ​ | 488,748 | ​ | ​ | 446,058
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | $ | 512,318 | ​ | $ | 469,867

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Condensed Statements of Income | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | $ | 41 | ​ | $ | 32 | ​ | $ | 14
Interest expense | ​ |  | 1,742 | ​ | ​ | 1,439 | ​ | ​ | 686
Net interest expense | ​ |  | (1,701) | ​ | ​ | (1,407) | ​ | ​ | (672)
Dividends from Bank | ​ | ​ | 16,000 | ​ | ​ | 48,000 | ​ | ​ | 31,000
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,018 | ​ | ​ | 3,041 | ​ | ​ | 1,124
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of the Bank | ​ | ​ | 13,281 | ​ | ​ | 43,552 | ​ | ​ | 29,204
Income tax benefit | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | ​ | 552 | ​ | ​ | 321
Income before equity in undistributed income of the Bank | ​ | ​ | 13,852 | ​ | ​ | 44,104 | ​ | ​ | 29,525
Equity in undistributed income of the Bank | ​ | ​ | 36,330 | ​ | ​ | (4,867) | ​ | ​ | 17,644
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | ​ | $ | 54,652 | ​ | $ | 34,799 | ​ | $ | 26,800

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Condensed Statements of Cash Flow | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 50,182 | ​ | $ | 39,237 | ​ | $ | 47,169
Changes in: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Equity in undistributed income of the Bank | ​ |  | (36,330) | ​ | ​ | 4,867 | ​ | ​ | (17,644)
Other adjustments, net | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​ | 388 | ​ | ​ | (698)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITES | ​ | ​ | 13,908 | ​ | ​ | 44,492 | ​ | ​ | 28,827
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Investments in Bank subsidiaries | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (31,382) | ​ | ​ | (8,024)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (31,382) | ​ | ​ | (8,024)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends on common stock | ​ | ​ | (9,526) | ​ | ​ | (8,632) | ​ | ​ | (7,194)
Payments to acquire treasury stock | ​ | ​ | (3,857) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (5,838)
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ | ​ | (13,383) | ​ | ​ | (8,632) | ​ | ​ | (13,032)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | 525 | ​ | ​ | 4,478 | ​ | ​ | 7,771
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | ​ | ​ | 13,442 | ​ | ​ | 8,964 | ​ | ​ | 1,193
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR | ​ | $ | 13,967 | ​ | $ | 13,442 | ​ | $ | 8,964

​

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NOTE 19: Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Quarterly operating data is summarized as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2024
​ |  | First |  | Second |  | Third |  | Fourth
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter
Interest income | ​ | $ | 58,107 | ​ | $ | 61,576 | ​ | $ | 64,025 | ​ | $ | 64,667
Interest expense | ​ |  | 22,714 | ​ |  | 27,090 | ​ |  | 29,516 | ​ |  | 29,572
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 35,393 | ​ |  | 34,486 | ​ |  | 34,509 | ​ |  | 35,095
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 900 | ​ |  | 900 | ​ |  | 900 | ​ |  | 900
Noninterest income | ​ | ​ | 5,853 | ​ | ​ | 5,640 | ​ | ​ | 5,584 | ​ | ​ | 7,767
Noninterest expense | ​ | ​ | 23,706 | ​ | ​ | 23,860 | ​ | ​ | 25,049 | ​ | ​ | 25,002
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 16,640 | ​ |  | 15,366 | ​ |  | 14,144 | ​ |  | 16,960
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 3,488 | ​ |  | 3,173 | ​ |  | 2,837 | ​ |  | 3,430
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 13,152 | ​ | $ | 12,193 | ​ | $ | 11,307 | ​ | $ | 13,530
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.16 | ​ | $ | 1.08 | ​ | $ | 1.00 | ​ | $ | 1.19
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.16 | ​ | $ | 1.07 | ​ | $ | 0.99 | ​ | $ | 1.19

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2023
​ |  | First |  | Second |  | Third |  | Fourth
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter
Interest income | ​ | $ | 34,996 | ​ | $ | 38,851 | ​ | $ | 48,286 | ​ | $ | 54,283
Interest expense | ​ |  | 6,487 | ​ |  | 10,600 | ​ |  | 14,519 | ​ |  | 18,065
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 28,509 | ​ |  | 28,251 | ​ |  | 33,767 | ​ |  | 36,218
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 5,056 | ​ |  | 1,138 | ​ |  | 10,072 | ​ |  | 795
Noninterest income | ​ | ​ | 5,513 | ​ | ​ | 5,456 | ​ | ​ | 6,284 | ​ | ​ | 8,951
Noninterest expense | ​ | ​ | 16,920 | ​ | ​ | 17,638 | ​ | ​ | 26,992 | ​ | ​ | 24,875
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 12,046 | ​ |  | 14,931 | ​ |  | 2,987 | ​ |  | 19,499
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 2,442 | ​ |  | 3,267 | ​ |  | 578 | ​ |  | 3,939
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 9,604 | ​ | $ | 11,664 | ​ | $ | 2,409 | ​ | $ | 15,560
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.04 | ​ | $ | 1.26 | ​ | $ | 0.22 | ​ | $ | 1.37
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.04 | ​ | $ | 1.26 | ​ | $ | 0.22 | ​ | $ | 1.37

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, 2022
​ |  | First |  | Second |  | Third |  | Fourth
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter | ​ | Quarter
Interest income | ​ | $ | 28,860 | ​ | $ | 28,096 | ​ | $ | 28,339 | ​ | $ | 31,572
Interest expense | ​ |  | 3,223 | ​ |  | 3,038 | ​ |  | 3,225 | ​ |  | 3,814
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 25,637 | ​ |  | 25,058 | ​ |  | 25,114 | ​ |  | 27,758
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | (305) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,552 | ​ |  | 240
Noninterest income | ​ | ​ | 4,515 | ​ | ​ | 5,285 | ​ | ​ | 4,904 | ​ | ​ | 6,499
Noninterest expense | ​ | ​ | 14,221 | ​ | ​ | 15,070 | ​ | ​ | 16,757 | ​ | ​ | 17,331
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 16,236 | ​ |  | 15,273 | ​ |  | 11,709 | ​ |  | 16,686
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 3,487 | ​ |  | 3,288 | ​ |  | 2,358 | ​ |  | 3,602
NET INCOME | ​ | $ | 12,749 | ​ | $ | 11,985 | ​ | $ | 9,351 | ​ | $ | 13,084
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.43 | ​ | $ | 1.35 | ​ | $ | 1.03 | ​ | $ | 1.41
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 1.43 | ​ | $ | 1.34 | ​ | $ | 1.03 | ​ | $ | 1.41

​

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Item 9.​ ​Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.​ ​Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of June 30, 2024, was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Administrative Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and several other members of our senior management. Our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Administrative Officer, and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024, in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to our management (including our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Administrative Officer and our Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. We intend to continually review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and to improve the Company’s controls and procedures over time and to correct any deficiencies that we may discover in the future. The goal is to ensure that senior management has timely access to all material financial and non-financial information concerning the Company’s business. While we believe the present design of the disclosure controls and procedures is effective to achieve its goal, future events affecting its business may cause the Company to modify its disclosure controls and procedures. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Act) that occurred during the year ended June 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc., is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely

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detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention of overriding controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of June 30, 2024, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

​

Date: September 13, 2024 |  | By: | /s/ Greg A. Steffens
​ | ​ | ​ | Greg A. Steffens
​ | ​ | ​ | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​ | ​ | (Principal Executive Officer)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | By: | /s/ Matthew T. Funke
​ | ​ | ​ | Matthew T. Funke
​ | ​ | ​ | President and Chief Administrative Officer
​ | ​ | ​ | (Principal Financial Officer) ​
​ | ​ | By: | /s/ Stefan Chkautovich
​ | ​ | ​ | Stefan Chkautovich
​ | ​ | ​ | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
​ | ​ | ​ | (Principal Accounting Officer)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

​

To the Shareholders, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee

Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.

Poplar Bluff, Missouri

Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Southern Missouri Bancorp Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2024 and our report dated September 13, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s report. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definitions and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of reliable financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP

Springfield, Missouri

September 13, 2024

​

​

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in SEC Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the June 30, 2024, fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

​

Item 9B.​ ​Other Information

| (a) | Nothing to report.

| (b) | During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a–1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulatoin S-K.

​

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

None.

​

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PART III

Item 10.​ ​Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

Directors

Information concerning the directors of the Company required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in October 2024, a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

Executive Officers

Information concerning the executive officers of the Company required by this item is contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Information about our Executive Officers,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Audit Committee Matters and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Board of Directors of the Company has a standing Audit/Compliance Committee, which has been established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The members of that committee are Directors Love (Chairman), Bagby, Schalk, Brooks, Hensley, Robison, Tooley, and McClain, all of whom are considered independent under applicable Nasdaq listing standards. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Love is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in applicable SEC rules. Additional information concerning the audit committee of the Company’s Board of Directors is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in October 2024, except for information contained under the heading "Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors", a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a written Code of Conduct and Ethics (the "Code") based upon the standards set forth under Item 406 of the Securities Exchange Act. The Code applies to all of the Company’s directors, officers and employees. The Code may be reviewed at the Company’s website, www.bankwithsouthern.com, by following the "investor relations" and "corporate governance" links.

Nomination Procedures

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors since last disclosed to shareholders.

Item 11.​ ​Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in October 2024, a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

Item 12.​ ​Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

Information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in October 2024, a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

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Change in Control

Management is not aware of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table sets forth information as of June 30, 2024, with respect to compensation plans under which shares of common stock may be issued.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Number of securities to | ​ | Weighted-average | ​ | Number of Securities |
​ | ​ | be issued upon exercise | ​ | exercise price of | ​ | remaining available for |
​ | ​ | of outstanding options | ​ | outstanding options | ​ | future issuance under |
Plan Category |  | warrants and rights |  | warrants and rights |  | equity compensation plans |
Equity Compensation Plans Approved By Security Holders | ​ | 140,500 | ​ | $ | 34.43 | ​ | 3,550 | (1)​
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved By Security Holders | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
Total |  | 140,500 |  | $ | 34.43 |  | 3,550 | ​

(1) | Under the terms of the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the total number of shares available for awards under that plan is 500,000, against which limit, full value shares are to be counted on a 2.5-for-1 basis. The 3,550 shares remaining available for future awards under the plan, as of June 30, 2024, reflects the 500,000 shares originally available under the shares authorization, less awards of 161,500 option shares, plus 15,000 option shares forfeited, and 149,550 full value shares (counted on a 2.5-for-1 basis, or 378,875), plus forfeitures of 9,570 full value shares (counted on a 2.5-for-1 basis, or 23,925 shares).

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Item 13.​ ​Certain Relationships, Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information concerning certain relationships and related transactions and Director independence required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in October 2024, a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

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Item 14.​ ​Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Information concerning fees and services by our principal accountants required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, a copy of which will be filed not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year.

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PART IV

Item 15.​ ​Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1)Financial Statements:

​

The following are contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Forvis Mazars, LLP, Springfield, MO, Firm ID 686.
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022 ​

(a)(2)Financial Statement Schedules:

All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the information is not required under the related instructions or is not applicable.

(a)(3)Exhibits:

Exhibits incorporated by reference below are incorporated by reference pursuant to Rule 12b-32.

​ | ​ | ​ |  |
Regulation S-K | ​ | ​
Exhibit Number | ​ | Document
3.1(i) |  | Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.1(i)A | ​ | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Southern Missouri increasing the authorized capital stock of Southern Missouri (filed as an exhibit to Southern Missouri’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 21, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.1(i)B | ​ | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Southern Missouri increasing the authorized capital stock of Southern Missouri(filed as an exhibit to Southern Missouri’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.1(ii) | ​ | Certificate of Designation for the Registrant’s Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.2 | ​ | Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference)
4 | ​ | Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
10 | ​ | Material Contracts:
​ | ​ | 1. | Registrant’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement filed on September 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 2. | 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement filed on September 19, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 3. | 2003 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement filed on September 17, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 4. | 1994 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (attached to the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement filed on October 21, 1994 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 5. | Management Recognition and Development Plan (attached to the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement filed on October 21, 1994 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 6. | Employment Agreements

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​ | ​ | ​ | (i) | Employment Agreement with Greg A. Steffens (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended June 30, 1999)
​ | ​ | ​ | (ii) | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Greg A. Steffens (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 7. | Director’s Retirement Agreements
​ | ​ | ​ | (i) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Sammy A. Schalk (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (ii) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with L. Douglas Bagby (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (iii) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Rebecca McLane Brooks (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (iv) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Charles R. Love (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (v) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Charles R. Moffitt (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (vi) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Dennis C. Robison (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (vii) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with David J. Tooley (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (viii) | Director’s Retirement Agreement with Todd E. Hensley (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 8. | Tax Sharing Agreement (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | 9. | Change-in-Control Agreements
​ | ​ | ​ | (i) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Kimberly Capps (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (ii) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Matthew Funke (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (iii) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Lora Daves (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (iv) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Justin Cox (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (v) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Rick Windes (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (vi) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Mark Hecker (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K for the event on April 20, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (vii) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Brett Dorton (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report n Form 8-K for the event on March 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (viii) | Amended and Restated Change-in -Control Agreement with Martin Weishaar (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference)
​ | ​ | ​ | (ix) | Change-in -Control Agreement with Lance Greunke (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.1 | ​ | Named Executive Officer Salary and Bonus Agreement for fiscal 2024
10.2 | ​ | Director Fee Arrangements for 2024
14 | ​ | Code of Conduct and Ethics (filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016)
21 | ​ | Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23 | ​ | Consent of Auditors
31.1 | ​ | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 | ​ | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Administrative Officer
32 | ​ | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)
97 | ​ | Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

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101 | ​ | Includes the following financial and related information from Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended June 30, 2024, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (1) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (3) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (4) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (5) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (6) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 | ​ | The cover page from this Annual Report on Form 10-K, formatted in Inline XBRL.

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​

Item 16.​ ​Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

​ | SOUTHERN MISSOURI BANCORP, INC.
​ | ​
Date: | September 13, 2024 | By: | /s/ Greg A. Steffens
​ | ​ | Greg A. Steffens
​ | ​ | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​ | (Duly Authorized Representative)

​

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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By: | /s/ Greg A. Steffens |  | September 13, 2024
​ | Greg A. Steffens | ​ | ​
​ | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ​ | ​
​ | (Principal Executive Officer) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ L. Douglas Bagby | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | L. Douglas Bagby | ​ | ​
​ | Vice-Chairman and Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Sammy A. Schalk | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Sammy A. Schalk | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Rebecca McLane Brooks | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Rebecca McLane Brooks | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Charles R. Love | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Charles R. Love | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Dennis C. Robison | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Dennis C. Robison | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ David J. Tooley | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | David J. Tooley | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Todd E. Hensley | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Todd E. Hensley | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Daniel L. Jones | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Danile L. Jones | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ David L. McClain | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | David L. McClain | ​ | ​
​ | Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ William E. Young | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | William E. Young Director | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
By: | /s/ Matthew T. Funke | ​ | September 13, 2024
​ | Matthew T. Funke | ​ | ​
​ | President and Chief Administrative Officer | ​ | ​
​ | (Principal Financial Officer) | ​ | ​

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