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Business Combinations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Business Combinations | Business Combinations On May 16, 2016 (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired the outstanding common equity interests in RiverBanc, RBMI, and RBDHC (collectively, the “Acquirees”) that were not previously owned by the Company through the consummation of separate membership interest purchase agreements, thereby increasing the Company's ownership of each of these entities to 100%. The results of the Acquirees’ operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the Acquisition Date. Prior to the Acquisition Date, the Company owned 20.0%, 67.19% and 62.5% of the outstanding common equity interests in RiverBanc, RBMI and RBDHC, respectively. RiverBanc is an investment management firm that was founded in 2010 and has sourced and managed direct and indirect investments in multi-family apartment properties on behalf of both public and private institutional investors, including the Company, RBMI and RBDHC. Prior to the completion of the RiverBanc acquisition, RiverBanc had served as an external manager of the Company pursuant to an investment management agreement, for which it received base management and incentive fees. In connection with the acquisition, the Company terminated its investment management agreement with RiverBanc on May 17, 2016. As of March 31, 2016, RiverBanc managed approximately $371.5 million of the Company’s capital. In acquiring a 100% ownership interest in RiverBanc, the Company has internalized the management of its multi-family investments. The Company has achieved certain synergies related to processes and personnel as a result of this internalization. Prior to the completion of the acquisitions described above, Donlon Family LLC, which is 100% owned by the Company's former President and director, Kevin M. Donlon, beneficially owned 59.40%, 5.47% and 6.25% of the outstanding common equity interests in RiverBanc, RMI and RBDHC, respectively. The estimated Acquisition Date fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $53.5 million, which consisted of the following (dollar amounts in thousands):
Cash (1) | $ | 29,073 |
Contingent consideration | 3,800 |
Fair value of previously held membership interests | 20,608 |
Total consideration transferred | $ | 53,481 |
(1) | Includes $16.3 million paid to Donlon Family LLC and reflects a post-closing working capital adjustment of $20 thousand delivered to the sellers of RiverBanc on July 15, 2016.
Prior to the Acquisition Date, the Company accounted for its previously held membership interests in the Acquirees as equity method investments, utilizing the fair value election for both RBMI and RBDHC. The Acquisition Date fair value of the Company's previously held membership interests in the Acquirees was $20.6 million and is included in the measurement of consideration transferred. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a net gain as a result of remeasuring its previously held membership interests in RiverBanc, RBMI, and RBDHC totaling $5.0 million. This net gain is included in other income on the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company determined the estimated fair value of its previously held membership interests in RiverBanc using assumptions for the timing and amount of expected net future cash flow for the managed portfolio and a discount rate. The Company determined the estimated fair value of its previously held membership interests in RBMI and RBDHC using assumptions for the timing and amount of expected future cash flow for income and realization events for the underlying assets and a discount rate. The contingent consideration includes two components:
• | A cash holdback in the amount of $3.0 million to be released to Donlon Family LLC upon the purchase of $3.0 million in Company common shares on the open market within 90 days of the Acquisition Date. This cash holdback was paid to Donlon Family LLC on June 10, 2016 upon satisfaction of the conditions to the release of this holdback.
• | A severance holdback in the amount of $0.8 million to fund the aggregate amount of all severance compensation and severance benefits to be paid or provided to current or former RiverBanc employees as a result of the acquisition. The severance holdback was settled in cash and paid to a separated employee on June 30, 2016 and the holdback amount in excess of actual severance costs was delivered to the sellers of RiverBanc on July 15, 2016.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company at the Acquisition Date (dollar amounts in thousands). The membership interest purchase agreement for the acquisition of RiverBanc included a post-closing working capital adjustment that was calculated at $20 thousand and settled with the sellers of RiverBanc on July 15, 2016. Additionally, the excess severance holdback amount described above was settled with the sellers of RiverBanc on July 15, 2016. The Company engaged a third party for valuations of certain intangible assets.
Cash | $ | 4,325 |
Investment in unconsolidated entities | 52,176 |
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments | 23,638 |
Real estate under development (1) | 14,922 |
Receivables and other assets | 911 |
Intangible assets (1) | 3,490 |
Total identifiable assets acquired | 99,462 |
Construction loan payable (2) | 8,499 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,864 |
Total liabilities assumed | 11,363 |
Preferred equity (3) | 56,697 |
Net identifiable assets acquired | 31,402 |
Goodwill (4) | 25,222 |
Gain on bargain purchase (5) | (65 | )
Non-controlling interest (6) | (3,078 | )
Net assets acquired | $ | 53,481 |
(1) | Included in receivables and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2) | Construction loan payable to the Company is eliminated on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3) | Includes $40.4 million of preferred equity owned by the Company that is eliminated on the consolidated balance sheets. Remaining $16.3 million of preferred equity owned by third parties was redeemed on June 10, 2016 and June 24, 2016.
(4) | Goodwill recognized in the acquisition of RiverBanc.
(5) | Gain on bargain purchase recognized in the acquisitions of RBMI and RBDHC in the year ended December 31, 2016.
(6) | Represents third-party ownership of KRVI membership interests (see Note 10). The Company consolidates its investment in KRVI. The third-party ownership in KRVI is represented in the consolidated financial statements and the pro forma net income attributable to the Company's common stockholders as non-controlling interests. The fair value of the non-controlling interests in KRVI was estimated to be $3.1 million. The fair value of the non-controlling interests in KRVI, a private company, was estimated using assumptions for the timing and amount of expected future cash flow for income and realization events for the underlying real estate.
The $3.5 million of intangible assets relates to the RiverBanc acquisition and was recognized at estimated fair value on the Acquisition Date. Intangible assets include an acquired trade name, acquired technology, and employment/non-compete agreements with useful lives ranging from 1 to 10 years. The $25.2 million of goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies and economies of scale from combining with RiverBanc and the assembled workforce of RiverBanc. For the Company’s ongoing evaluation of Goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, the Company’s multifamily investment portfolio (inclusive of RiverBanc) will be considered a reporting unit. As of December 31, 2016, there were changes in the recognized amounts of Goodwill resulting from the acquisition of RiverBanc as a result of payment of the post-closing working capital adjustment of $20 thousand and adjustments to the estimated fair value of intangible assets in the amount of $0.4 million. The Company evaluated goodwill as of October 1, 2017 and no impairment was indicated. The acquisition of both RBMI and RBDHC was negotiated directly with the sellers and the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceed the fair value of the consideration transferred. Subsequently, the Company reassessed the identification and recognition of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company’s previously held membership interests, and the consideration transferred and concluded that all items were recognized and that the valuation procedures and measurements were appropriate. Accordingly, the Company recorded a net gain on bargain purchase of $0.1 million that is included in other income on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. The amount of revenue of the Acquirees included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations from the Acquisition Date to the period ended December 31, 2016 was $5.3 million. The following represents the pro forma consolidated revenue and net income attributable to the Company's common stockholders as if the Acquirees had been included in the consolidated results of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Revenue | $ | 356,138 |  |  | $ | 390,576 |
Net income attributable to Company's common stockholders | $ | 51,782 |  |  | $ | 72,707 |
Basic pro forma earnings per share | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |
Diluted pro forma earnings per share | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |
These amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjustments for consolidation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the estimated fair value adjustments to intangible assets had been applied on January 1, 2015. Material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combinations have been included in the pro forma consolidated revenue and net income attributable to the Company's common stockholders shown above as if the transaction occurred on January 1, 2015. These adjustments include a $5.0 million net gain on remeasurement of the Company's previously held membership interests, a $0.1 million net gain on bargain purchase, and the estimated related income tax expense of $2.1 million.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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