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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$

 
$
1,169,536

 
$

 
$
1,169,536

 
$

 
$
526,363

 
$

 
$
526,363

Non-Agency RMBS

 
102,125

 

 
102,125

 

 
163,284

 

 
163,284

U.S. Treasury securities

 

 

 

 
2,887

 

 

 
2,887

CMBS

 
93,498

 
47,922

 
141,420

 

 
82,545

 
43,897

 
126,442

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts

 

 
9,657,421

 
9,657,421

 

 

 
6,939,844

 
6,939,844

Residential mortgage loans, at fair value

 

 
87,153

 
87,153

 

 

 
17,769

 
17,769

Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

 
 

 
 

 


TBA securities

 

 

 

 

 
148,139

 

 
148,139

Interest rate swap futures

 

 

 

 
444

 

 

 
444

Interest rate swaps

 
846

 

 
846

 

 
108

 

 
108

Swaptions

 

 

 

 

 
431

 

 
431

Eurodollar futures

 

 

 

 
1,175

 

 

 
1,175

Investments in unconsolidated entities

 

 
42,823

 
42,823

 

 

 
60,332

 
60,332

Total
$

 
$
1,366,005

 
$
9,835,319

 
$
11,201,324

 
$
4,506

 
$
920,870

 
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,987,218

Liabilities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations
$

 
$

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
9,189,459

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,624,896

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury futures

 

 

 

 
107

 

 

 
107

Interest rate swaps

 

 

 

 

 
391

 

 
391

Total
$

 
$

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
107

 
$
391

 
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,625,394


The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,214,587

 
$
8,442,604

Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (1)
(17,841
)
 
(19,495
)
 
(90,662
)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
602

 
224

 
(360
)
Transfers in (2)

 
52,176

 

Transfers out (3)

 
(56,756
)
 

Contributions
2,500

 
3,200

 
26,461

Paydowns/Distributions
(176,037
)
 
(150,824
)
 
(88,874
)
Sales (4)
(7,224
)
 

 
(1,075,529
)
Purchases (5)
2,971,477

 
18,730

 
947

Balance at the end of period
$
9,835,319

 
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,214,587


(1) 
Amounts included in interest income from multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, interest income from residential mortgage loans, realized gain on distressed residential mortgage loans, net gain on residential mortgage loans at fair value, unrealized gain on multi-family loans and debt held in securitization trusts, and other income.
(2) 
Transfers into Level 3 include investments in unconsolidated entities held by RiverBanc and RBMI for which the Company accounts under the equity method of accounting with a fair value election. These transfers in are a result of the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in RiverBanc and RBMI that were not previously owned by the Company on May 16, 2016, which resulted in consolidation of these entities into the Company's financial statements (see Note 23).
(3) 
Transfers out of Level 3 represent the Company's previously held membership interests in RBMI and RBDHC that were accounted for under the equity method of accounting with a fair value election. These transfers out are a result of the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in RBMI and RBDHC that were not previously owned by the Company on May 16, 2016, which resulted in consolidation of these entities into the Company's financial statements (see Note 23).
(4) 
In February 2015, the Company sold a first loss PO security from one of the Company’s Consolidated K-Series securitizations, obtaining total proceeds of approximately $44.3 million and realizing a gain of approximately $1.5 million. The sale resulted in a de-consolidation of $1.1 billion in Multi-Family loans held in a securitization trusts and $1.0 billion in Multi-Family CDOs.
(5) 
In 2017, the Company purchased PO securities, certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from two Freddie Mac-sponsored multi-family K-Series securitization trusts. The Company determined that the securitization trusts are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of each VIE. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of the Consolidated K-Series in the amount of $2.9 billion (see Notes 2 and 7).

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$

 
$
1,169,536

 
$

 
$
1,169,536

 
$

 
$
526,363

 
$

 
$
526,363

Non-Agency RMBS

 
102,125

 

 
102,125

 

 
163,284

 

 
163,284

U.S. Treasury securities

 

 

 

 
2,887

 

 

 
2,887

CMBS

 
93,498

 
47,922

 
141,420

 

 
82,545

 
43,897

 
126,442

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts

 

 
9,657,421

 
9,657,421

 

 

 
6,939,844

 
6,939,844

Residential mortgage loans, at fair value

 

 
87,153

 
87,153

 

 

 
17,769

 
17,769

Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

 
 

 
 

 


TBA securities

 

 

 

 

 
148,139

 

 
148,139

Interest rate swap futures

 

 

 

 
444

 

 

 
444

Interest rate swaps

 
846

 

 
846

 

 
108

 

 
108

Swaptions

 

 

 

 

 
431

 

 
431

Eurodollar futures

 

 

 

 
1,175

 

 

 
1,175

Investments in unconsolidated entities

 

 
42,823

 
42,823

 

 

 
60,332

 
60,332

Total
$

 
$
1,366,005

 
$
9,835,319

 
$
11,201,324

 
$
4,506

 
$
920,870

 
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,987,218

Liabilities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations
$

 
$

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
9,189,459

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,624,896

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury futures

 

 

 

 
107

 

 

 
107

Interest rate swaps

 

 

 

 

 
391

 

 
391

Total
$

 
$

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
9,189,459

 
$
107

 
$
391

 
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,625,394


The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,214,587

 
$
8,442,604

Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (1)
(17,841
)
 
(19,495
)
 
(90,662
)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
602

 
224

 
(360
)
Transfers in (2)

 
52,176

 

Transfers out (3)

 
(56,756
)
 

Contributions
2,500

 
3,200

 
26,461

Paydowns/Distributions
(176,037
)
 
(150,824
)
 
(88,874
)
Sales (4)
(7,224
)
 

 
(1,075,529
)
Purchases (5)
2,971,477

 
18,730

 
947

Balance at the end of period
$
9,835,319

 
$
7,061,842

 
$
7,214,587


(1) 
Amounts included in interest income from multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, interest income from residential mortgage loans, realized gain on distressed residential mortgage loans, net gain on residential mortgage loans at fair value, unrealized gain on multi-family loans and debt held in securitization trusts, and other income.
(2) 
Transfers into Level 3 include investments in unconsolidated entities held by RiverBanc and RBMI for which the Company accounts under the equity method of accounting with a fair value election. These transfers in are a result of the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in RiverBanc and RBMI that were not previously owned by the Company on May 16, 2016, which resulted in consolidation of these entities into the Company's financial statements (see Note 23).
(3) 
Transfers out of Level 3 represent the Company's previously held membership interests in RBMI and RBDHC that were accounted for under the equity method of accounting with a fair value election. These transfers out are a result of the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in RBMI and RBDHC that were not previously owned by the Company on May 16, 2016, which resulted in consolidation of these entities into the Company's financial statements (see Note 23).
(4) 
In February 2015, the Company sold a first loss PO security from one of the Company’s Consolidated K-Series securitizations, obtaining total proceeds of approximately $44.3 million and realizing a gain of approximately $1.5 million. The sale resulted in a de-consolidation of $1.1 billion in Multi-Family loans held in a securitization trusts and $1.0 billion in Multi-Family CDOs.
(5) 
In 2017, the Company purchased PO securities, certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from two Freddie Mac-sponsored multi-family K-Series securitization trusts. The Company determined that the securitization trusts are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of each VIE. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of the Consolidated K-Series in the amount of $2.9 billion (see Notes 2 and 7).

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following table details changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,818,901

 
$
8,048,053

Total losses (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (1)
(82,650
)
 
(57,687
)
 
(133,245
)
Purchases/(Sales) (2)(3)
2,784,377

 

 
(1,009,942
)
Paydowns
(137,164
)
 
(136,318
)
 
(85,965
)
Balance at the end of period
$
9,189,459

 
$
6,624,896

 
$
6,818,901


(1) 
Amounts included in interest expense on Multi-Family CDOs and unrealized gain on multi-family loans and debt held in securitization trusts.
(2) 
In 2017, the Company purchased PO securities, certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from two Freddie Mac-sponsored multi-family K-Series securitization trusts. The Company determined that the securitization trusts are VIEs and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of each VIE. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of the Consolidated K-Series in the amount of $2.8 billion (see Notes 2 and 7).
(3) 
In February 2015, the Company sold a first loss PO security from one of the Company’s Consolidated K-Series securitizations, obtaining total proceeds of approximately $44.3 million and realizing a gain of approximately $1.5 million. The sale resulted in a de-consolidation of $1.1 billion in Multi-Family loans held in a securitization trusts and $1.0 billion in Multi-Family CDOs.


Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings
he following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for our Level 3 assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Change in unrealized gains (losses) – assets
$
10,021

 
$
10,794

 
$
(61,957
)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) – liabilities
8,851

 
(7,762
)
 
74,325

Net change in unrealized gains included in earnings for assets and liabilities
$
18,872

 
$
3,032

 
$
12,368


Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring
he following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
$

 
$

 
$
10,317

 
$
10,317

 
$

 
$

 
$
9,050

 
$
9,050

Real estate owned held in residential securitization trusts

 

 
111

 
111

 

 

 
150

 
150



Fair Value, Losses for Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis
he following table presents gains (losses) incurred for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
$
(472
)
 
$
(482
)
 
$
(1,261
)
Real estate owned held in residential securitization trusts
(6
)
 
(130
)
 
100


Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping
he following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
Level 1
 
$
95,191

 
$
95,191

 
$
83,554

 
$
83,554

Investment securities available for sale(1)
Level 1, 2 or 3
 
1,413,081

 
1,413,081

 
818,976

 
818,976

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, net
Level 3
 
73,820

 
72,131

 
95,144

 
88,718

Distressed residential mortgage loans, at carrying value, net (2)
Level 3
 
331,464

 
334,765

 
503,094

 
504,915

Residential mortgage loans, at fair value (3)
Level 3
 
87,153

 
87,153

 
17,769

 
17,769

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
Level 3
 
9,657,421

 
9,657,421

 
6,939,844

 
6,939,844

Derivative assets
Level 1 or 2
 
846

 
846

 
150,296

 
150,296

Mortgage loans held for sale, net (4)
Level 3
 
5,507

 
5,598

 
7,847

 
7,959

Mortgage loans held for investment (4)
Level 3
 
1,760

 
1,900

 
19,529

 
19,641

Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments (5)
Level 3
 
138,920

 
140,129

 
100,150

 
101,408

Investments in unconsolidated entities (6)
Level 3
 
51,143

 
51,212

 
79,259

 
79,390

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing arrangements, portfolio investments
Level 2
 
1,276,918

 
1,276,918

 
773,142

 
773,142

Financing arrangements, distressed residential mortgage loans
Level 2
 
149,063

 
149,063

 
192,419

 
192,419

Residential collateralized debt obligations
Level 3
 
70,308

 
66,865

 
91,663

 
85,568

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations
Level 3
 
9,189,459

 
9,189,459

 
6,624,896

 
6,624,896

Securitized debt
Level 3
 
81,537

 
87,891

 
158,867

 
163,884

Derivative liabilities
Level 1 or 2
 

 

 
498

 
498

Payable for securities purchased
Level 1
 

 

 
148,015

 
148,015

Subordinated debentures
Level 3
 
45,000

 
45,002

 
45,000

 
43,132

Convertible notes
Level 2
 
128,749

 
140,060

 

 



(1) 
Includes $47.9 million and $43.9 million of investment securities for sale held in securitization trusts as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(2) 
Includes distressed residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts with a carrying value amounting to approximately $121.8 million and $195.3 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively and distressed residential mortgage loans with a carrying value amounting to approximately $209.7 million and $307.7 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(3) 
Includes distressed residential mortgage loans with a carrying value amounting to $36.9 million at December 31, 2017 and second mortgages with a carrying value amounting to $50.2 million and $17.8 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(4) 
Included in receivables and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(5) 
Includes preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments accounted for as loans (see Note 9).
(6) 
Includes investments in unconsolidated entities accounted for under the fair value option with a carrying value of $42.8 million and $60.3 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (see Note 8).