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Stock Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Based Compensation
Stock Based Compensation

In May 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2017 Plan, with such stockholder action resulting in the termination of the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). In June 2019, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2017 Plan to increase the shares reserved under the 2017 Plan by 7,600,000 shares of common stock. The terms of the 2017 Plan are substantially the same as the 2010 Plan. However, any outstanding awards under the 2010 Plan will continue in accordance with the terms of the 2010 Plan and any award agreement executed in connection with such outstanding awards. At September 30, 2019, there were 81,837 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding under the 2010 Plan.

Pursuant to the 2017 Plan, eligible employees, officers and directors of the Company are offered the opportunity to acquire the Company's common stock through the award of restricted stock and other equity awards under the 2017 Plan. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2017 Plan is 13,170,000. Of the common stock authorized at September 30, 2019, 9,053,166 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company’s non-employee directors have been issued 228,750 shares under the 2017 Plan as of September 30, 2019. The Company’s employees have been issued 827,126 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2019, there were 755,286 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding and 3,060,958 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with PSUs under the 2017 Plan.

Of the common stock authorized at December 31, 2018, 3,865,174 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company's non-employee directors had been issued 131,975 shares under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2018. The Company’s employees had been issued 292,459 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan as of December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, there were 290,373 shares of non-vested restricted stock outstanding and 1,280,392 common shares reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding PSUs under the 2017 Plan.

Restricted Common Stock Awards

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized non-cash compensation expense on its restricted common stock awards of $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized non-cash compensation expense on its restricted common stock awards of $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Dividends are paid on all restricted common stock issued, whether those shares have vested or not. In general, non-vested restricted stock is forfeited upon the recipient's termination of employment. There were forfeitures of 1,575 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. There were forfeitures of 5,120 shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

A summary of the activity of the Company's non-vested restricted stock collectively under the 2010 Plan and 2017 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is presented below:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Number of
Non-vested
Restricted
Shares
 
Weighted
Average Per Share
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
 
Number of
Non-vested
Restricted
Shares
 
Weighted
Average Per Share
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Non-vested shares at January 1
507,536

 
$
5.91

 
422,928

 
$
6.36

Granted
536,242

 
6.30

 
289,792

 
5.63

Vested
(205,080
)
 
5.85

 
(200,064
)
 
6.55

Forfeited
(1,575
)
 
6.35

 
(5,120
)
 
6.25

Non-vested shares as of September 30
837,123

 
$
6.18

 
507,536

 
$
5.91

Restricted stock granted during the period
536,242

 
$
6.30

 
289,792

 
$
5.63


(1) 
The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date.

At September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $3.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, related to the non-vested shares of restricted common stock under the 2010 Plan and 2017 Plan, collectively. The unrecognized compensation expense at September 30, 2019 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years. The total fair value of restricted shares vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The requisite service period for restricted stock awards at issuance is three years and the restricted common stock either vests ratably over a three year period or at the end of the requisite service period.

Performance Stock Units

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors approved the grant of PSUs. Each PSU represents an unfunded promise to receive one share of the Company's common stock once the performance condition has been satisfied. The awards were issued pursuant to and are consistent with the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan.

The PSU awards are subject to performance-based vesting under the 2017 Plan pursuant to the PSU Agreements. Vesting of the PSUs will occur at the end of three years based on the following:

If three-year TSR performance relative to the Company's identified performance peer group (the "Relative TSR") is less than the 30th percentile, then 0% of the target PSUs will vest;

If three-year Relative TSR performance is equal to the 30th percentile, then the Threshold % (as defined in the individual PSU Agreements) of the target PSUs will vest;

If three-year Relative TSR performance is equal to the 50th percentile, then 100% of the target PSUs will vest; and

If three-year Relative TSR performance is greater than or equal to the 80th percentile, then the Maximum % (as defined in the individual PSU Agreements) of the target PSUs will vest.

The percentage of target PSUs that vest for performance between the 30th, 50th, and 80th percentiles will be calculated using linear interpolation.

Total shareholder return for the Company and each member of the peer group will be determined by dividing (i) the sum of the cumulative amount of such entity’s dividends per share for the performance period and the arithmetic average per share volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) of such entity’s common stock for the last thirty (30) consecutive trading days of the performance period minus the arithmetic average per share VWAP of such entity’s common stock for the last thirty (30) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the performance period by (ii) the arithmetic average per share VWAP of such entity’s common stock for the last thirty (30) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the performance period.

The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the Relative TSR of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years. For the PSUs granted in 2019 and 2018, the inputs used by the model to determine the fair value are (i) historical stock price volatilities of the Company and its identified performance peer companies over the most recent three year period and correlation between each company's stock and the identified performance peer group over the same time series and (ii) a risk free rate for the period interpolated from the U.S. Treasury yield curve on grant date.

    
A summary of the activity of the target PSU Awards under the 2017 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is presented below:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Number of
Non-vested
Target
Shares
 
Weighted
Average Per Share
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
 
Number of
Non-vested
Target
Shares
 
Weighted
Average Per Share
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Non-vested target PSUs at January 1
842,792

 
$
4.20

 

 
$

Granted
1,175,726

 
4.01

 
842,792

 
4.20

Vested

 

 

 

Non-vested target PSUs as of September 30
2,018,518

 
$
4.09

 
842,792

 
$
4.20



(1) 
The grant date fair value of the PSUs was determined through a Monte-Carlo simulation of the Company’s common stock total shareholder return and the common stock total shareholder return of its identified performance peer companies to determine the Relative TSR of the Company’s common stock over a future period of three years.

As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was $5.2 million and $3.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested portion of the PSUs, respectively. Compensation expense related to the PSUs was $0.7 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Compensation expense related to the PSUs was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.