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Stockholders’ Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity Stockholders’ Equity

(a)
Preferred Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, with 20,872,888 shares and 12,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company has issued four series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”): 7.75% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”), 7.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”), 8.00% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”) and 7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”). Each series of the Preferred Stock is senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividends and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

In October 2019, the Company issued 6,900,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25 per share, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of approximately $166.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. On November 27, 2019, the Company classified and designated an additional 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s authorized but unissued preferred stock as Series E Preferred Stock. On March 28, 2019, the Company classified and designated an additional 2,460,000 shares and 2,650,000 shares of the Company’s authorized but unissued preferred stock as Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, respectively. In October 2017, the Company issued 5,400,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25 per share, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of approximately $130.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

The following tables summarize the Company’s Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

December 31, 2019
Class of Preferred Stock
 
Shares Authorized
 
Shares Issued and Outstanding
 
Carrying Value
 
Liquidation Preference
 
Contractual Rate (1)
 
Redemption Date (2)
 
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)
 
Floating Annual Rate (4)
Fixed Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series B
 
6,000,000

 
3,156,087

 
$
76,180

 
$
78,902

 
7.750
%
 
June 4, 2018
 
N/A
 
N/A
Series C
 
6,600,000

 
4,181,807

 
101,102

 
104,545

 
7.875
%
 
April 22, 2020
 
N/A
 
N/A
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series D
 
8,400,000

 
6,123,495

 
148,134

 
153,087

 
8.000
%
 
October 15, 2027
 
October 15, 2027
 
3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E
 
9,900,000

 
7,411,499

 
179,349

 
185,288

 
7.875
%
 
January 15, 2025
 
January 15, 2025
 
3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Total
 
30,900,000

 
20,872,888

 
$
504,765

 
$
521,822

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

December 31, 2018
Class of Preferred Stock
 
Shares Authorized
 
Shares Issued and Outstanding
 
Carrying Value
 
Liquidation Preference
 
Contractual Rate (1)
 
Redemption Date (2)
 
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)
 
Floating Annual Rate (4)
Fixed Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series B
 
6,000,000

 
3,000,000

 
$
72,397

 
$
75,000

 
7.750
%
 
June 4, 2018
 
N/A
 
N/A
Series C
 
4,140,000

 
3,600,000

 
86,862

 
90,000

 
7.875
%
 
April 22, 2020
 
N/A
 
N/A
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series D
 
5,750,000

 
5,400,000

 
130,496

 
135,000

 
8.000
%
 
October 15, 2027
 
October 15, 2027
 
3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Total
 
15,890,000

 
12,000,000

 
$
289,755

 
$
300,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) 
Each series of fixed rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference. Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference up to, but excluding, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.
(2) 
Each series of Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to the respective redemption date disclosed except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company’s qualification as a REIT and except upon occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, respectively).
(3) 
Beginning on the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in (4) below.
(4) 
On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus the respective spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference.

For each series of Preferred Stock, on or after the respective redemption date disclosed, the Company may, at its option, redeem the respective series of Preferred Stock in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends.

The Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights, subject to an exception in the event the Company fails to pay dividends on such stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, holders of the Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of all other classes or series of our preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable and which are entitled to vote as a class with the Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of any series of the Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the series of Preferred Stock whose terms are being changed.

The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into the Company’s common stock in connection with a Change of Control.

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of Preferred Stock will have the right (unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem the Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Preferred Stock held by such holder into a number of shares of our common stock per share of the applicable series of Preferred Stock determined by a formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the applicable Articles Supplementary for such series.

(b) Dividends on Preferred Stock

From the time of original issuance of the Preferred Stock through December 31, 2019, the Company has declared and paid all required quarterly dividends on such series of stock. The following table presents the relevant information with respect to quarterly cash dividends declared on the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock commencing January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2019 and on each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock from its respective time of original issuance through December 31, 2019:

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Dividend Per Share
 
 
 
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Series B Preferred Stock
 
Series C Preferred Stock
 
Series D Preferred Stock
 
Series E Preferred Stock
 
December 10, 2019
 
January 1, 2020
 
January 15, 2020
 
$
0.484375

 
$
0.4921875

 
$
0.50

 
$
0.47578

(2) 
September 9, 2019
 
October 1, 2019
 
October 15, 2019
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
June 14, 2019
 
July 1, 2019
 
July 15, 2019
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
March 19, 2019
 
April 1, 2019
 
April 15, 2019
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
December 4, 2018
 
January 1, 2019
 
January 15, 2019
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
September 17, 2018
 
October 1, 2018
 
October 15, 2018
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
June 18, 2018
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 15, 2018
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
March 19, 2018
 
April 1, 2018
 
April 15, 2018
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.50

 

 
December 7, 2017
 
January 1, 2018
 
January 15, 2018
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 
0.51

(1) 

 
September 14, 2017
 
October 1, 2017
 
October 15, 2017
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 

 

 
June 14, 2017
 
July 1, 2017
 
July 15, 2017
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 

 

 
March 16, 2017
 
April 1, 2017
 
April 15, 2017
 
0.484375

 
0.4921875

 

 

 


(1) 
Cash dividend for the partial quarterly period that began on October 13, 2017 and ended on January 14, 2018.
(2) 
Cash dividend for the partial quarterly period that began on October 18, 2019 and ended on January 14, 2020.

(c)
Dividends on Common Stock

The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock with respect to each of the quarterly periods commencing January 1, 2017 and ended December 31, 2019:
Period
 
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Cash
Dividend
Per Share
Fourth Quarter 2019
 
December 10, 2019
 
December 20, 2019
 
January 27, 2020
 
$
0.20

Third Quarter 2019
 
September 9, 2019
 
September 19, 2019
 
October 25, 2019
 
0.20

Second Quarter 2019
 
June 14, 2019
 
June 24, 2019
 
July 25, 2019
 
0.20

First Quarter 2019
 
March 19, 2019
 
March 29, 2019
 
April 25, 2019
 
0.20

Fourth Quarter 2018
 
December 4, 2018
 
December 14, 2018
 
January 25, 2019
 
0.20

Third Quarter 2018
 
September 17, 2018
 
September 27, 2018
 
October 26, 2018
 
0.20

Second Quarter 2018
 
June 18, 2018
 
June 28, 2018
 
July 26, 2018
 
0.20

First Quarter 2018
 
March 19, 2018
 
March 29, 2018
 
April 26, 2018
 
0.20

Fourth Quarter 2017
 
December 7, 2017
 
December 18, 2017
 
January 25, 2018
 
0.20

Third Quarter 2017
 
September 14, 2017
 
September 25, 2017
 
October 25, 2017
 
0.20

Second Quarter 2017
 
June 14, 2017
 
June 26, 2017
 
July 25, 2017
 
0.20

First Quarter 2017
 
March 16, 2017
 
March 27, 2017
 
April 25, 2017
 
0.20



During 2019, dividends for our common stock were $0.80 per share. For tax reporting purposes, the 2019 dividends were classified as ordinary income, capital gain distribution and return of capital in the amounts of $0.42, $0.13 and $0.25, respectively, per share. During 2018, dividends for our common stock were $0.80 per share. For tax reporting purposes, the 2018 dividends were classified as ordinary income, capital gain distribution and return of capital in the amounts of $0.37, $0.12 and $0.31, respectively, per share. During 2017, dividends for our common stock were $0.80 per share. For tax reporting purposes, the 2017 dividends were classified as ordinary income, capital gain distribution and return of capital in the amounts of $0.46, $0.17 and $0.17, respectively, per share.

(d)
Public Offering of Common Stock

The following table details the Company's public offerings of common stock during the three years ended December 31, 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Share Issue Month
 
Shares Issued
 
Net Proceeds (1)
November 2019
 
28,750,000

 
$
172,150

September 2019
 
28,750,000

 
173,093

July 2019
 
23,000,000

 
137,500

May 2019
 
20,700,000

 
123,102

March 2019
 
17,250,000

 
101,160

January 2019
 
14,490,000

 
83,772

November 2018
 
14,375,000

 
85,261

August 2018
 
14,375,000

 
85,980


(1) 
Proceeds are net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses

(e)
Equity Distribution Agreements

On August 10, 2017, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Common Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (“Credit Suisse”), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having a maximum aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million, from time to time through Credit Suisse. On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to the Common Equity Distribution Agreement that increased the maximum aggregate sales price to $177.1 million. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of common stock issuable under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 2,260,200 shares of its common stock under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement, at an average price of $6.12 per share, resulting in total net proceeds to the Company of $13.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 14,588,631 shares of its common stock under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement, at an average sales price of $6.19 per share, resulting in total net proceeds to the Company of $89.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $72.5 million of common stock remains available for issuance under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement”) with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, having a maximum aggregate gross sales price of up to $50.0 million, from time to time through the sales agent. On November 27, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement that increased the maximum aggregate sales price to $131.5 million. The amendment also provided for the inclusion of sales of the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of Preferred Stock issuable under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 1,972,888 shares of Preferred Stock under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement, at an average price of $24.88 per share, resulting in total net proceeds to the Company of $48.4 million. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $82.4 million of Preferred Stock remains available for issuance under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.