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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$

 
$
922,877

 
$

 
$
922,877

 
$

 
$
1,037,730

 
$

 
$
1,037,730

Agency CMBS

 
50,958

 

 
50,958

 

 

 

 

Non-Agency RMBS

 
715,314

 

 
715,314

 

 
214,037

 

 
214,037

CMBS

 
267,777

 

 
267,777

 

 
207,785

 
52,700

 
260,485

ABS

 
49,214

 

 
49,214

 

 

 

 

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value

 

 
17,816,746

 
17,816,746

 

 

 
11,679,847

 
11,679,847

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trust, at fair value

 

 
1,328,886

 
1,328,886

 

 

 

 

Distressed and other residential mortgage loans, at fair value

 

 
1,429,754

 
1,429,754

 

 

 
737,523

 
737,523

Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

 
 

 
 

 


Interest rate swaps (1)

 
15,878

 

 
15,878

 

 
10,263

 

 
10,263

Investments in unconsolidated entities

 

 
83,882

 
83,882

 

 

 
32,994

 
32,994

 
$

 
$
2,022,018

 
$
20,659,268

 
$
22,681,286

 
$

 
$
1,469,815

 
$
12,503,064

 
$
13,972,879

Liabilities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
$

 
$

 
$
16,724,451

 
$
16,724,451

 
$

 
$

 
$
11,022,248

 
$
11,022,248

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value

 

 
1,052,829

 
1,052,829

 

 

 

 

Total
$

 
$

 
$
17,777,280

 
$
17,777,280

 
$

 
$

 
$
11,022,248

 
$
11,022,248


(1) 
All of the Company’s interest rate swaps outstanding are cleared through a central clearing house. The Company exchanges variation margin for swaps based upon daily changes in fair value. Includes derivative liabilities of $29.0 million netted against a variation margin of $44.8 million at December 31, 2019. Includes derivative assets of $1.8 million and variation margin of $8.5 million at December 31, 2018.
Changes in Level 3 Assets
The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
 
Distressed and other residential mortgage loans
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities
 
CMBS held in re-securitization trusts
 
Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trust
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
11,679,847

 
$
737,523

 
$
32,994

 
$
52,700

 
$

 
$
12,503,064

Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
533,094

 
55,459

 
15,100

 
17,734

 
(445
)
 
620,942

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 
(13,665
)
 

 
(13,665
)
Transfers out (1)

 
(913
)
 

 

 

 
(913
)
Contributions

 

 
50,000

 

 

 
50,000

Paydowns/Distributions
(992,912
)
 
(171,909
)
 
(14,212
)
 

 
(3,729
)
 
(1,182,762
)
Charge-off
(3,257
)
 

 

 

 

 
(3,257
)
Sales

 
(19,814
)
 

 
(56,769
)
 

 
(76,583
)
Purchases (2)
6,599,974

 
829,408

 

 

 
1,333,060

 
8,762,442

Balance at the end of period
$
17,816,746

 
$
1,429,754

 
$
83,882

 
$

 
$
1,328,886

 
$
20,659,268


(1) 
Transfers out of Level 3 assets include the transfer of residential mortgage loans to real estate owned during the year ended December 31, 2019.
(2) 
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased first loss PO securities, and certain IOs and senior or mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and include in the Consolidated K-Series. Also during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased first loss subordinated securities, IOs and senior RMBS securities issued from a securitization that it determined to consolidate as Consolidated SLST. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of the respective securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
 
Distressed and other residential mortgage loans
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities
 
CMBS held in re-securitization trusts
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
9,657,421

 
$
87,153

 
$
42,823

 
$
47,922

 
$
9,835,319

Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(134,298
)
 
3,913

 
9,075

 
3,980

 
(117,330
)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 
798

 
798

Transfers out (1)

 
(56
)
 

 

 
(56
)
Paydowns/Distributions
(137,820
)
 
(24,064
)
 
(18,904
)
 

 
(180,788
)
Sales

 
(18,173
)
 

 

 
(18,173
)
Purchases (2)
2,294,544

 
688,750

 

 

 
2,983,294

Balance at the end of period
$
11,679,847

 
$
737,523

 
$
32,994

 
$
52,700

 
$
12,503,064


(1) 
Transfers out of Level 3 assets include the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned during the year ended December 31, 2018.
(2) 
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and included in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of these securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).


 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
 
Distressed and other residential mortgage loans
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities
 
CMBS held in re-securitization trusts
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
6,939,844

 
$
17,769

 
$
60,332

 
$
43,897

 
$
7,061,842

Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(31,784
)
 
135

 
10,385

 
3,423

 
(17,841
)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 
602

 
602

Contributions

 

 
2,500

 

 
2,500

Paydowns/Distributions
(137,164
)
 
(8,479
)
 
(30,394
)
 

 
(176,037
)
Sales

 
(7,224
)
 

 

 
(7,224
)
Purchases (1)
2,886,525

 
84,952

 

 

 
2,971,477

Balance at the end of period
$
9,657,421

 
$
87,153

 
$
42,823

 
$
47,922

 
$
9,835,319


(1) 
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and included in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of these securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).
Changes in Level 3 Liabilities
The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Multi-Family CDOs
 
SLST CDOs
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
11,022,248

 
$

 
$
11,022,248

Total losses (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 

Included in earnings
443,796

 
27

 
443,823

Purchases (1)
6,253,739

 
1,055,720

 
7,309,459

Paydowns
(992,075
)
 
(2,918
)
 
(994,993
)
Charge-off
(3,257
)
 

 
(3,257
)
Balance at the end of period
$
16,724,451

 
$
1,052,829

 
$
17,777,280


(1) 
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and senior or mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and include in the Consolidated K-Series. Also during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased first loss subordinated securities, IOs and senior RMBS securities issued from a securitization that it determined to consolidate as Consolidated SLST. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of the respective securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Multi-Family CDOs
Balance at beginning of period
$
9,189,459

Total losses (realized/unrealized)
 
Included in earnings
(211,738
)
Purchases (1)
2,182,330

Paydowns
(137,803
)
Balance at the end of period
$
11,022,248


(1) 
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and include in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of these securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).

 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Multi-Family CDOs
Balance at beginning of period
$
6,624,896

Total losses (realized/unrealized)
 
Included in earnings
(82,650
)
Purchases (1)
2,784,377

Paydowns
(137,164
)
Balance at the end of period
$
9,189,459


(1) 
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and include in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of these securitizations (see Notes 2 and 6).
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings
The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value (1)
$
586,993

 
$
(85,115
)
 
$
10,021

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trust, at fair value (1)
300

 

 

Distressed and other residential mortgage loans, at fair value (1)
44,470

 
4,333

 

Investments in unconsolidated entities (2)
5,374

 
6,091

 
3,686

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value (1)
$
(563,031
)
 
$
122,696

 
$
8,851

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value (1)
(383
)
 

 


(1) 
Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
(2) 
Presented in other income on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring
The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
$

 
$

 
$
5,256

 
$
5,256

 
$

 
$

 
$
5,921

 
$
5,921


Fair Value, Losses for Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis
The following table presents gains (losses) incurred for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
$
(24
)
 
$
(165
)
 
$
(472
)
Real estate owned held in residential securitization trusts

 

 
(6
)

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company’s residential mortgage loan securitizations, the Consolidated K-Series, Consolidated SLST, and KRVI of as of December 31, 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

 
Financing VIE
 
Other VIEs
 
 
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loan Securitizations
 
Consolidated K-Series
 
Consolidated SLST
 
Other
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
107

 
$
107

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, net
44,030

 

 

 

 
44,030

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trust, at fair value

 

 
1,328,886

 

 
1,328,886

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value

 
17,816,746

 

 

 
17,816,746

Receivables and other assets
1,328

 
59,417

 
5,244

 
14,626

 
80,615

Total assets
$
45,358

 
$
17,876,163

 
$
1,334,130

 
$
14,733

 
$
19,270,384

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential collateralized debt obligations
$
40,429

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
40,429

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value

 

 
1,052,829

 

 
1,052,829

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value

 
16,724,451

 

 

 
16,724,451

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
14

 
57,873

 
2,643

 
75

 
60,605

Total liabilities
$
40,443

 
$
16,782,324

 
$
1,055,472

 
$
75

 
$
17,878,314



The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Financing VIEs, the Consolidated K-Series, KRVI, and The Clusters as of December 31, 2018 (dollar amounts in thousands):

 
Financing VIEs
 
Other VIEs
 
 
 
Multi-family CMBS re-securitization(1)
 
Distressed Residential Mortgage Loan Securitization(2)
 
Residential Mortgage Loan Securitizations
 
Consolidated K-Series(3)
 
Other
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
708

 
$
708

Investment securities available for sale, at fair value held in securitization trusts
52,700

 

 

 

 

 
52,700

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, net

 

 
56,795

 

 

 
56,795

Distressed residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts, net

 
88,096

 

 

 

 
88,096

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value
1,107,071

 

 

 
10,572,776

 

 
11,679,847

Real estate held for sale in consolidated variable interest entities

 

 

 

 
29,704

 
29,704

Receivables and other assets
4,243

 
10,287

 
1,061

 
37,679

 
23,254

 
76,524

Total assets
$
1,164,014

 
$
98,383

 
$
57,856

 
$
10,610,455

 
$
53,666

 
$
11,984,374

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential collateralized debt obligations
$

 
$

 
$
53,040

 
$

 
$

 
$
53,040

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
1,036,604

 

 

 
9,985,644

 

 
11,022,248

Securitized debt
30,121

 
12,214

 

 

 

 
42,335

Mortgages and notes payable in consolidated variable interest entities

 

 

 

 
31,227

 
31,227

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
4,228

 
444

 
26

 
37,022

 
1,166

 
42,886

Total liabilities
$
1,070,953

 
$
12,658

 
$
53,066

 
$
10,022,666

 
$
32,393

 
$
11,191,736



(1) 
The Company classified the multi-family CMBS issued by two securitizations and held by this Financing VIE as available for sale securities. The Financing VIE consolidated one securitization trust included in the Consolidated K-Series that issued certain of the multi-family CMBS owned by the Company, including its assets, liabilities, income and expenses, in its financial statements, as based on a number of factors, the Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary and has a controlling financial interest in this particular K-Series securitization (see Note 6).
(2) 
The Company engaged in this transaction for the purpose of financing certain distressed residential mortgage loans acquired by the Company. The distressed residential mortgage loans serving as collateral for the financing are comprised of re-performing and, to a lesser extent, non-performing and other delinquent mortgage loans secured by first liens on one- to four- family properties. Balances as of December 31, 2018 are related to a securitization transaction that closed in April 2016 that involved the issuance of $177.5 million of Class A Notes representing the beneficial ownership in a pool of re-performing seasoned mortgage loans. The Company held 5% of the Class A Notes issued as part of the securitization transaction, which were eliminated in consolidation.
(3) 
Eight of the securitizations included in the Consolidated K-Series were not held in a Financing VIE as of December 31, 2018.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

 
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
Level 1
 
$
118,763

 
$
118,763

 
$
103,724

 
$
103,724

Investment securities, available for sale
Level 2 or 3
 
2,006,140

 
2,006,140

 
1,512,252

 
1,512,252

Distressed and other residential mortgage loans, at fair value
Level 3
 
1,429,754

 
1,429,754

 
737,523

 
737,523

Distressed and other residential mortgage loans, net
Level 3
 
202,756

 
208,471

 
285,261

 
289,376

Investments in unconsolidated entities
Level 3
 
189,965

 
191,359

 
73,466

 
73,833

Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments
Level 3
 
180,045

 
182,465

 
165,555

 
167,739

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value
Level 3
 
17,816,746

 
17,816,746

 
11,679,847

 
11,679,847

Residential mortgage loans held in securitization trust, at fair value
Level 3
 
1,328,886

 
1,328,886

 

 

Derivative assets
Level 2
 
15,878

 
15,878

 
10,263

 
10,263

Mortgage loans held for sale, net (1)
Level 3
 
2,406

 
2,482

 
3,414

 
3,584

Mortgage loans held for investment (1)
Level 3
 

 

 
1,580

 
1,580

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
Level 2
 
3,105,416

 
3,105,416

 
2,131,505

 
2,131,505

Residential collateralized debt obligations
Level 3
 
40,429

 
38,888

 
53,040

 
50,031

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
Level 3
 
16,724,451

 
16,724,451

 
11,022,248

 
11,022,248

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
Level 3
 
1,052,829

 
1,052,829

 

 

Securitized debt
Level 3
 

 

 
42,335

 
45,030

Subordinated debentures
Level 3
 
45,000

 
41,592

 
45,000

 
44,897

Convertible notes
Level 2
 
132,955

 
140,865

 
130,762

 
135,689


(1) 
Included in receivables and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.