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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
922,877

 
$

 
$
922,877

Agency CMBS

 

 

 

 

 
50,958

 

 
50,958

Non-Agency RMBS

 
630,196

 

 
630,196

 

 
715,314

 

 
715,314

CMBS

 
288,112

 

 
288,112

 

 
267,777

 

 
267,777

ABS

 
42,500

 

 
42,500

 

 
49,214

 

 
49,214

Residential loans, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans

 

 
1,442,685

 
1,442,685

 

 

 
1,429,754

 
1,429,754

Consolidated SLST

 

 
1,274,850

 
1,274,850

 

 

 
1,328,886

 
1,328,886

Residential loans held in securitization trusts

 

 
40,693

 
40,693

 

 

 

 

Investments in unconsolidated entities

 

 
214,289

 
214,289

 

 

 
83,882

 
83,882

Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments

 

 
180,850

 
180,850

 

 

 

 

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

 
17,816,746

 
17,816,746

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Interest rate swaps (1)

 

 

 

 

 
15,878

 

 
15,878

Total
$

 
$
960,808

 
$
3,153,367

 
$
4,114,175

 
$

 
$
2,022,018

 
$
20,659,268

 
$
22,681,286

Liabilities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
16,724,451

 
$
16,724,451

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value

 

 
1,088,233

 
1,088,233

 

 

 
1,052,829

 
1,052,829

Total
$

 
$

 
$
1,088,233

 
$
1,088,233

 
$

 
$

 
$
17,777,280

 
$
17,777,280

    
(1) 
All of the Company's interest rate swaps were cleared through a central clearing house. The Company exchanged variation margin for swaps based upon daily changes in fair value. Included derivative liabilities of $29.0 million netted against a variation margin of $44.8 million at December 31, 2019.
Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Assets
The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Residential loans
 
Consolidated SLST
 
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities
 
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,429,754

 
$
1,328,886

 
$

 
$
83,882

 
$

 
$
17,816,746

 
$
20,659,268

Total (losses)/gains (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(55,144
)
 
(15,279
)
 
(1,730
)
 
4,606

 
4,866

 
41,795

 
(20,886
)
Transfers in (1)
164,279

 

 
46,572

 
107,477

 
182,465

 

 
500,793

Transfers out (2) (3)
(3,953
)
 

 
(349
)
 

 

 
(237,297
)
 
(241,599
)
Contributions

 

 

 
22,106

 
8,440

 

 
30,546

Paydowns/Distributions
(155,135
)
 
(38,757
)
 
(3,800
)
 
(3,782
)
 
(14,921
)
 
(239,796
)
 
(456,191
)
Recovery of charge-off

 

 

 

 

 
35

 
35

Sales (3)
(93,755
)
 

 

 

 

 
(17,381,483
)
 
(17,475,238
)
Purchases
156,639

 

 

 

 

 

 
156,639

Balance at the end of period
$
1,442,685

 
$
1,274,850

 
$
40,693

 
$
214,289

 
$
180,850

 
$

 
$
3,153,367



(1) 
As of January 1, 2020, the Company has elected to account for all residential loans, residential loans held in securitization trusts, investments in unconsolidated entities and preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments using the fair value option (see Note 2).
(2) 
Transfers out of Level 3 assets include the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned.
(3) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company sold first loss PO securities included in the Consolidated K-Series and, as a result, de-consolidated multi-family loans held in securitization trusts and transferred its remaining securities owned in the Consolidated K-Series to investment securities available for sale (see Notes 2 and 6).

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Residential loans
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities
 
Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts
 
CMBS held in securitization trusts
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
737,523

 
$
32,994

 
$
11,679,847

 
$
52,700

 
$
12,503,064

Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
25,359

 
5,753

 
574,231

 
17,734

 
623,077

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 
(13,665
)
 
(13,665
)
Transfers in

 

 

 

 

Transfers out
(182
)
 

 

 

 
(182
)
Contributions

 
50,000

 

 

 
50,000

Paydowns/Distributions
(61,275
)
 
(639
)
 
(106,363
)
 

 
(168,277
)
Sales
(19,814
)
 

 

 
(56,769
)
 
(76,583
)
Purchases (1)
380,343

 

 
2,426,210

 

 
2,806,553

Balance at the end of period
$
1,061,954

 
$
88,108

 
$
14,573,925

 
$

 
$
15,723,987

(1) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and included in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of these securitizations in the amount of $2.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2019 (see Notes 2 and 6).
Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Liabilities
The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Multi-Family CDOs
 
SLST CDOs
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
16,724,451

 
$
1,052,829

 
$
17,777,280

Total losses/(gains) (realized/unrealized)
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
35,018

 
52,420

 
87,438

Paydowns
(147,376
)
 
(39,242
)
 
(186,618
)
Sales (1)
(16,612,093
)
 
22,226

 
(16,589,867
)
Transfers out

 

 

Balance at the end of period
$

 
$
1,088,233

 
$
1,088,233


(1) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company sold first loss PO securities included in the Consolidated K-Series and, as a result, de-consolidated the Multi-Family CDOs (see Notes 2 and 6). Also includes the Company's net sales of senior securities issued by Consolidated SLST during the six months ended June 30, 2020 (see Note 4).

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Multi-Family CDOs
Balance at beginning of period
$
11,022,248

Total losses (realized/unrealized)
 
Included in earnings
531,930

Purchases (1)
2,324,639

Paydowns
(106,091
)
Balance at the end of period
$
13,772,726


(1) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company purchased first loss PO securities and certain IOs and mezzanine CMBS securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate and included in the Consolidated K-Series. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of these securitizations in the amount of $2.3 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2019 (see Notes 2 and 6).
Schedule of Quantitative Information Regarding Significant and Unobservable Inputs used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table discloses quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value (dollar amounts in thousands, except input values):
June 30, 2020
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Weighted Average
 
Range
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)
 
$1,334,944
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Lifetime CPR
 
10.2%
 
-
74.2%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lifetime CDR
 
3.0%
 
-
45.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
 
17.1%
 
-
100.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yield
 
5.5%
 
2.3%
-
33.9%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$148,434
 
Liquidation model
 
Annual home price appreciation
 
 
(1.3)%
-
1.4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidation timeline (months)
 
27
 
8
-
57
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property value
 
$470,204
 
$12,430
-
$2,734,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yield
 
7.5%
 
7.5%
-
15.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans held in Consolidated SLST (2)
 
$1,274,850
 
 
 
Liability price
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$2,758,228
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in unconsolidated entities (1)
 
$129,100
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
12.4%
 
12.0%
-
13.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Months to assumed redemption
 
44
 
20
-
57
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments (1)
 
$180,850
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
12.3%
 
11.5%
-
16.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Months to assumed redemption
 
46
 
7
-
188
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLST CDOs (2) (3)
 
$1,088,233
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Yield
 
2.7%
 
1.4%
-
12.6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral prepayment rate
 
5.6%
 
3.4%
-
6.1%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral default rate
 
2.0%
 
-
3.6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
 
21.7%
 
-
24.0%

(1) 
Weighted average amounts are calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the assets.
(2) 
In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of SLST CDOs, including securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable. At June 30, 2020, the fair value of securities we owned in Consolidated SLST was $185.3 million.
Schedule of Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans (1)
$
39,991

 
$
10,329

 
$
(36,303
)
 
$
19,666

Consolidated SLST (1)
75,052

 

 
(13,049
)
 

Residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)
59

 

 
(1,641
)
 

Investments in unconsolidated entities (2)
(1,108
)
 
1,698

 
(5,130
)
 
5,359

Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments (1)
(127
)
 

 
(5,686
)
 

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value (1)

 
330,105

 

 
604,788

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value (1)

 
(324,898
)
 

 
(590,171
)
Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value (1)
(70,956
)
 

 
(48,990
)
 


(1) 
Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2) 
Presented in other income on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis
The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2019, on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Residential loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
 

 

 
$
5,256

 
$
5,256


Schedule of Gains (Losses) Incurred for Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis
The following table presents gains (losses) incurred for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Residential loans held in securitization trusts – impaired loans, net
$

$
(38
)

Schedule of Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company's residential loan securitizations, non-Agency RMBS re-securitization, Consolidated SLST and KRVI of as of June 30, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
 
Financing VIEs
 
Other VIEs
 
 
 
Residential
Loan Securitizations
 
Non-Agency RMBS Re-Securitization
 
Consolidated SLST
 
KRVI
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,320

 
$
2,320

Investment securities available for sale, at fair value

 
177,133

 

 

 
177,133

Residential loans, at fair value
40,693

 

 
1,274,850

 

 
1,315,543

Receivables and other assets
3,475

 
28,447

 
4,241

 
10,794

 
46,957

Total assets
$
44,168

 
$
205,580

 
$
1,279,091

 
$
13,114

 
$
1,541,953

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential collateralized debt obligations
$
36,699

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
36,699

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value

 

 
1,088,233

 

 
1,088,233

Securitized debt

 
108,999

 

 

 
108,999

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
6

 
454

 
3,908

 
74

 
4,442

Total liabilities
$
36,705

 
$
109,453

 
$
1,092,141

 
$
74

 
$
1,238,373


The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company's residential loan securitizations, the Consolidated K-Series, Consolidated SLST and KRVI as of December 31, 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
 
Financing VIE
 
Other VIEs
 
 
 
 
Residential
Loan Securitizations
 
Consolidated K-Series
 
Consolidated SLST
 
KRVI
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
107

 
$
107

Residential loans, net
 
44,030

 

 

 

 
44,030

Residential loans, at fair value
 

 

 
1,328,886

 

 
1,328,886

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value
 

 
17,816,746

 

 

 
17,816,746

Receivables and other assets
 
1,328

 
59,417

 
5,244

 
14,626

 
80,615

Total assets
 
$
45,358

 
$
17,876,163

 
$
1,334,130

 
$
14,733

 
$
19,270,384

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential collateralized debt obligations
 
$
40,429

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
40,429

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
 

 

 
1,052,829

 

 
1,052,829

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
 

 
16,724,451

 

 

 
16,724,451

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
14

 
57,873

 
2,643

 
75

 
60,605

Total liabilities
 
$
40,443

 
$
16,782,324

 
$
1,055,472

 
$
75

 
$
17,878,314


The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
Level 1
 
$
371,697

 
$
371,697

 
$
118,763

 
$
118,763

Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Level 2
 
960,808

 
960,808

 
2,006,140

 
2,006,140

Residential loans, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans
Level 3
 
1,442,685

 
1,442,685

 
1,429,754

 
1,429,754

Consolidated SLST
Level 3
 
1,274,850

 
1,274,850

 
1,328,886

 
1,328,886

Residential loans held in securitization trusts
Level 3
 
40,693

 
40,693

 

 

Residential loans, net
Level 3
 

 

 
202,756

 
208,471

Investments in unconsolidated entities
Level 3
 
214,289

 
214,289

 
189,965

 
191,359

Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments
Level 3
 
180,850

 
180,850

 
180,045

 
182,465

Multi-family loans held in securitization trusts, at fair value
Level 3
 

 

 
17,816,746

 
17,816,746

Derivative assets
Level 2
 

 

 
15,878

 
15,878

Loans held for sale, net (1)
Level 3
 

 

 
2,406

 
2,482

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
Level 2
 
963,127

 
963,127

 
3,105,416

 
3,105,416

Securitized debt
Level 2
 
108,999

 
111,169

 

 

Residential collateralized debt obligations
Level 3
 
36,699

 
34,914

 
40,429

 
38,888

Multi-family collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
Level 3
 

 

 
16,724,451

 
16,724,451

Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value
Level 3
 
1,088,233

 
1,088,233

 
1,052,829

 
1,052,829

Subordinated debentures
Level 3
 
45,000

 
30,335

 
45,000

 
41,592

Convertible notes
Level 2
 
134,117

 
125,862

 
132,955

 
140,865

In addition to the methodology to determine the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis and non-recurring basis, as previously described, the following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in arriving at the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments in the table immediately above:

a.
Cash and cash equivalents – Estimated fair value approximates the carrying value of such assets.

b.
Repurchase agreements – The fair value of these repurchase agreements approximates cost as they are short term in nature.

c.
Securitized debt - The fair value is based on discounted cash flows as well as market pricing on comparable obligations.

d.
Residential collateralized debt obligations – The fair value of these CDOs is based on discounted cash flows as well as market pricing on comparable obligations.

e.
Subordinated debentures – The fair value of these subordinated debentures is based on discounted cash flows using management’s estimate for market yields.

f.
Convertible notes – The fair value is based on quoted prices provided by dealers who make markets in similar financial instruments.