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Residential Loans, at Fair Value (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]  
Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans At Fair Value
The following table presents the Company’s residential loans, at fair value, which consist of residential loans held by the Company, Consolidated SLST and other securitization trusts, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Residential loans
Consolidated SLST (1)
Residential loans held in securitization trusts (2)
Residential loans
Consolidated SLST (1)
Principal$1,207,391 $1,259,063 $371,826 $1,464,984 $1,322,131 
(Discount)/premium(58,904)2,628 (24,874)(81,372)6,455 
Unrealized gains28,811 28,314 8,534 46,142 300 
Carrying value$1,177,298 $1,290,005 $355,486 $1,429,754 $1,328,886 
(1)In 2019, the Company invested in first loss subordinated securities and certain IOs and senior securities issued by a Freddie Mac-sponsored residential loan securitization. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has consolidated the underlying seasoned re-performing and non-performing residential loans held in the securitization and the SLST CDOs issued to permanently finance these residential loans, representing Consolidated SLST. SLST CDOs are included in residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)On January 1, 2020, the Company made a fair value election for its residential loans held in securitization trusts which were included in residential loans, net on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 (see Note 5). In July 2020, the Company transferred additional residential loans to residential loans held in securitization trusts (see Note 9).
Schedule of Components of Net Gain on Residential Mortgage Loans at Fair Value
The following table presents the unrealized gains (losses), net attributable to residential loans, at fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Residential loans
Consolidated SLST (1)
Residential loans held in securitization trustsResidential loans
Unrealized gains, net$25,583 $41,063 $10,143 $16,818 

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Residential loans
Consolidated SLST (1)
Residential loans held in securitization trustsResidential loans
Unrealized (losses) gains, net$(17,899)$28,014 $8,418 $34,580 

(1)The fair value of residential loans held in Consolidated SLST is determined in accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, Consolidation, ("ASC 810") (see Note 14). See Consolidated SLST below for unrealized gains (losses), net recognized by the Company on its investment in Consolidated SLST.
Schedule of Geographic Concentration of Credit Risk
The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of residential loans, at fair value as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are as follows:

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Residential loansConsolidated SLSTResidential loans held in securitization trustsResidential loansConsolidated SLST
California23.4 %10.9 %15.8 %23.9 %11.0 %
Florida11.7 %10.5 %6.4 %9.4 %10.6 %
New York8.0 %9.2 %11.0 %8.0 %9.1 %
Texas5.6 %4.0 %4.4 %5.4 %4.0 %
New Jersey5.2 %7.0 %6.0 %5.1 %6.9 %
Maryland3.6 %3.8 %8.1 %4.6 %3.8 %
Massachusetts2.5 %2.8 %5.5 %2.8 %2.9 %
Illinois2.7 %6.7 %3.2 %2.8 %6.6 %
The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the unpaid principal balance of our distressed residential loans, net as of December 31, 2019 was as follows:
December 31, 2019
North Carolina10.5 %
Florida10.1 %
Georgia7.0 %
South Carolina5.8 %
Texas5.6 %
New York5.5 %
Ohio5.2 %
Virginia5.2 %
The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total loan balances in our residential loans held in securitization trusts, net as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
December 31, 2019
New York36.1 %
Massachusetts17.2 %
New Jersey12.8 %
Florida12.1 %
Maryland5.5 %
The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total loan balances related to multi-family loans held in securitization trusts as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
December 31, 2019
California15.9 %
Texas12.4 %
Florida6.2 %
Maryland5.8 %
The geographic concentrations of credit risk exceeding 5% of the total preferred equity and mezzanine loan investment amounts as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are as follows:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Tennessee12.2 %12.3 %
Florida11.9 %12.0 %
Georgia11.7 %11.8 %
Texas9.9 %10.6 %
South Carolina9.1 %6.3 %
Alabama8.3 %10.0 %
New Jersey5.0 %5.0 %
Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Compared to Unpaid Principal
The following table presents the fair value and aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Company's residential loans and residential loans held in securitization trusts in non-accrual status as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Greater than 90 days past dueLess than 90 days past due
Fair ValueUnpaid Principal BalanceFair ValueUnpaid Principal Balance
September 30, 2020$136,023 $157,682 $18,586 $20,255 
December 31, 2019106,199 122,918 9,291 10,705 
Statement of Consolidated Balance Sheets and Operations of Consolidated SLST
The condensed consolidated balance sheets of Consolidated SLST at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Balance SheetSeptember 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Assets
Residential loans, at fair value$1,290,005 $1,328,886 
Receivables (1)
4,162 5,244 
Total Assets$1,294,167 $1,334,130 
Liabilities and Equity
Residential collateralized debt obligations, at fair value$1,077,980 $1,052,829 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (2)
3,664 2,643 
Total Liabilities
1,081,644 1,055,472 
Equity212,523 278,658 
Total Liabilities and Equity$1,294,167 $1,334,130 

(1)Included in receivables and other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The condensed consolidated statements of operations of Consolidated SLST for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

Statements of OperationsThree Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Interest income (1)
$10,896 $34,542 
Interest expense (2)
7,562 24,255 
Net interest income3,334 10,287 
Unrealized gains (losses), net (3)
27,145 (34,893)
Net income (loss)$30,479 $(24,606)
(1)Included in the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in interest income, residential loans.
(2)Included in the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in interest expense, residential collateralized debt obligations.
(3)Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Includes $41.1 million and $28.0 million of unrealized gains on residential loans held in Consolidated SLST for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $13.9 million and $62.9 million of unrealized losses on SLST CDOs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments consist of the following as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
September 30, 2020
December 31, 2019 (1)
Investment amount$188,654 $181,409 
Deferred loan fees, net(1,291)(1,364)
Unrealized losses, net(4,209)— 
Total
$183,154 $180,045 

(1)As of December 31, 2019, preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments were reported at amortized cost less impairment, if any.