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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIE's
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
Financing VIEsOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Cash and cash equivalents
$— $— $2,852 $2,852 
Residential loans, at fair value
678,067 1,211,508 — 1,889,575 
Operating real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 82,141 82,141 
Other assets28,900 3,981 4,145 37,026 
Total assets$706,967 $1,215,489 $89,138 $2,011,594 
Collateralized debt obligations ($533,822 at amortized cost, net and $992,288 at fair value)
$533,822 $992,288 $— $1,526,110 
Mortgages payable, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — 62,537 62,537 
Other liabilities1,908 1,791 1,073 4,772 
Total liabilities$535,730 $994,079 $63,610 $1,593,419 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $5,498 $5,498 
Net investment (4)
$171,237 $221,410 $20,030 $412,677 

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents third party ownership of membership interests in other Consolidated VIEs.
(4)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interest, if any.
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, non-Agency RMBS re-securitization, Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Financing VIEOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Non-Agency RMBS Re-SecuritizationConsolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Cash and cash equivalents
$— $— $— $462 $462 
Residential loans, at fair value691,451 — 1,266,785 — 1,958,236 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value— 109,140 — — 109,140 
Operating real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — — 50,532 50,532 
Other assets24,959 535 4,075 3,045 32,614 
Total assets
$716,410 $109,675 $1,270,860 $54,039 $2,150,984 
Collateralized debt obligations ($569,323 at amortized cost, net and $1,054,335 at fair value)
$554,067 $15,256 $1,054,335 $— $1,623,658 
Mortgages payable, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — — 36,752 36,752 
Other liabilities2,610 70 2,781 1,435 6,896 
Total liabilities
$556,677 $15,326 $1,057,116 $38,187 $1,667,306 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $— $6,371 $6,371 
Net investment (4)
$159,733 $94,349 $213,744 $9,481 $477,307 

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents third party ownership of membership interests in other Consolidated VIEs.
(4)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interest, if any.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
  March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
 Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:     
Cash and cash equivalentsLevel 1$290,977 $290,977 $293,183 $293,183 
Residential loansLevel 33,206,282 3,206,282 3,049,166 3,049,166 
Multi-family loansLevel 3151,836 151,836 163,593 163,593 
Investment securities available for saleLevel 2596,295 596,295 724,726 724,726 
Equity investmentsLevel 3260,065 260,065 259,095 259,095 
Financial Liabilities:     
Repurchase agreementsLevel 2537,049 537,049 405,531 405,531 
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, netLevel 3533,822 539,272 554,067 561,329 
Consolidated SLSTLevel 3992,288 992,288 1,054,335 1,054,335 
Non-Agency RMBS re-securitizationLevel 2— — 15,256 15,472 
Subordinated debenturesLevel 345,000 43,058 45,000 36,871 
Convertible notesLevel 2135,954 140,552 135,327 137,716 
Schedule of Statement of Operations of Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$10,318 $— $10,318 
Interest expense7,104 310 7,414 
Total net interest income (expense)3,214 (310)2,904 
Unrealized gains, net9,225 — 9,225 
Other income— 1,495 1,495 
Total non-interest income9,225 1,495 10,720 
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— 2,924 2,924 
Net income (loss)12,439 (1,739)10,700 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— 1,409 1,409 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$12,439 $(330)$12,109 
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for the non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated K-Series (prior to the sale of first loss POs and de-consolidation of the Consolidated K-Series), Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated K-SeriesConsolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$151,841 $12,123 $— $163,964 
Interest expense129,762 8,535 — 138,297 
Total net interest income22,079 3,588 — 25,667 
Unrealized losses, net(10,951)(66,134)— (77,085)
Other income (loss)— — (342)(342)
Total non-interest income (loss)(10,951)(66,134)(342)(77,427)
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— — 26 26 
Net income (loss)11,128 (62,546)(368)(51,786)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— — 184 184 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$11,128 $(62,546)$(184)$(51,602)
Schedule of Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
March 31, 2021
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS
$— $44,622 $— $44,622 
Non-Agency RMBS— 3,920 — 3,920 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
146,693 — 185,835 332,528 
Mezzanine loans on multi-family properties
5,143 — — 5,143 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties and loans
— — 74,230 74,230 
Maximum exposure$151,836 $48,542 $260,065 $460,443 

December 31, 2020
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS$— $43,225 $— $43,225 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
158,501 — 182,765 341,266 
Mezzanine loans on multi-family properties
5,092 — — 5,092 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties and loans
— — 76,330 76,330 
Maximum exposure$163,593 $43,225 $259,095 $465,913