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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIE's
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
Financing VIEsOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Cash and cash equivalents
$— $— $2,799 $2,799 
Residential loans, at fair value
799,363 1,176,539 — 1,975,902 
Operating real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 125,253 125,253 
Other assets94,036 3,849 10,162 108,047 
Total assets$893,399 $1,180,388 $138,214 $2,212,001 
Collateralized debt obligations ($683,724 at amortized cost, net and $948,090 at fair value)
$683,724 $948,090 $— $1,631,814 
Mortgages payable, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — 98,611 98,611 
Other liabilities9,618 2,467 2,179 14,264 
Total liabilities$693,342 $950,557 $100,790 $1,744,689 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $5,198 $5,198 
Net investment (4)
$200,057 $229,831 $32,226 $462,114 

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents third party ownership of membership interests in other Consolidated VIEs.
(4)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interest, if any.
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, non-Agency RMBS re-securitization, Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Financing VIEsOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Non-Agency RMBS Re-SecuritizationConsolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Cash and cash equivalents
$— $— $— $462 $462 
Residential loans, at fair value691,451 — 1,266,785 — 1,958,236 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value— 109,140 — — 109,140 
Operating real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — — 50,532 50,532 
Other assets24,959 535 4,075 3,045 32,614 
Total assets
$716,410 $109,675 $1,270,860 $54,039 $2,150,984 
Collateralized debt obligations ($569,323 at amortized cost, net and $1,054,335 at fair value)
$554,067 $15,256 $1,054,335 $— $1,623,658 
Mortgages payable, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — — 36,752 36,752 
Other liabilities2,610 70 2,781 1,435 6,896 
Total liabilities
$556,677 $15,326 $1,057,116 $38,187 $1,667,306 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $— $6,371 $6,371 
Net investment (4)
$159,733 $94,349 $213,744 $9,481 $477,307 

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents third party ownership of membership interests in other Consolidated VIEs.
(4)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interest, if any.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
  June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
 Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:     
Cash and cash equivalentsLevel 1$324,927 $324,927 $293,183 $293,183 
Residential loansLevel 33,202,743 3,202,743 3,049,166 3,049,166 
Multi-family loansLevel 3126,719 126,719 163,593 163,593 
Investment securities available for saleLevel 2607,407 607,407 724,726 724,726 
Equity investmentsLevel 3204,697 204,697 259,095 259,095 
Financial Liabilities:     
Repurchase agreementsLevel 2340,541 340,541 405,531 405,531 
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, netLevel 3683,724 688,491 554,067 561,329 
Consolidated SLSTLevel 3948,090 948,090 1,054,335 1,054,335 
Non-Agency RMBS re-securitizationLevel 2— — 15,256 15,472 
Subordinated debenturesLevel 345,000 42,615 45,000 36,871 
Convertible notesLevel 2136,586 140,416 135,327 137,716 
Senior unsecured notesLevel 296,380 103,045 — — 
Schedule of Statement of Operations of Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$10,479 $— $10,479 
Interest expense7,151 430 7,581 
Total net interest income (expense)3,328 (430)2,898 
Unrealized gains, net9,793 — 9,793 
Other income— 2,150 2,150 
Total non-interest income9,793 2,150 11,943 
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— 3,913 3,913 
Net income (loss)13,121 (2,193)10,928 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— 1,625 1,625 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$13,121 $(568)$12,553 
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for the non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the three months ended June 30, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$11,522 $— $11,522 
Interest expense8,158 — 8,158 
Total net interest income3,364 — 3,364 
Unrealized gains, net4,096 — 4,096 
Other income (loss)— (1,780)(1,780)
Total non-interest income (loss)4,096 (1,780)2,316 
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— (26)(26)
Net income (loss)7,460 (1,754)5,706 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— 876 876 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$7,460 $(878)$6,582 

The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$20,797 $— $20,797 
Interest expense14,254 740 14,994 
Total net interest income (expense)6,543 (740)5,803 
Unrealized gains, net19,018 — 19,018 
Other income— 3,645 3,645 
Total non-interest income19,018 3,645 22,663 
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— 6,837 6,837 
Net income (loss)25,561 (3,932)21,629 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— 3,034 3,034 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$25,561 $(898)$24,663 
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for the non-Company-sponsored VIEs, including Consolidated K-Series (prior to the sale of first loss POs and de-consolidation of the Consolidated K-Series), Consolidated SLST and other Consolidated VIEs, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Consolidated K-SeriesConsolidated SLSTOtherTotal
Interest income$151,841 $23,646 $— $175,487 
Interest expense129,762 16,693 — 146,455 
Total net interest income22,079 6,953 — 29,032 
Unrealized losses, net(10,951)(62,038)— (72,989)
Other income (loss)— — (2,121)(2,121)
Total non-interest income (loss)(10,951)(62,038)(2,121)(75,110)
Total general, administrative and operating expenses— — — — 
Net income (loss)11,128 (55,085)(2,121)(46,078)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— — 1,060 1,060 
Net income (loss) attributable to Company$11,128 $(55,085)$(1,061)$(45,018)
Schedule of Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
June 30, 2021
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS
$— $42,620 $— $42,620 
Non-Agency RMBS— 3,029 — 3,029 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
126,719 — 189,746 316,465 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties— — 14,951 14,951 
Maximum exposure$126,719 $45,649 $204,697 $377,065 

December 31, 2020
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS$— $43,225 $— $43,225 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
158,501 — 182,765 341,266 
Mezzanine loans on multi-family properties
5,092 — — 5,092 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties and loans
— — 76,330 76,330 
Maximum exposure$163,593 $43,225 $259,095 $465,913