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Debt
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Collateralized Debt Obligations
The Company's collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, are accounted for as financings and are non-recourse debt to the Company. See Note 7 for further discussion regarding the collateral pledged for the Company's CDOs as well as the Company's net investments in the related securitizations.

The following tables present a summary of the Company's CDOs as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
March 31, 2022
Outstanding Face AmountCarrying Value
Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)
Stated Maturity (2)
Consolidated SLST (3)
$780,539 $754,264 2.75 %2059
Residential loan securitizations1,150,186 1,143,855 2.73 %2026 - 2061
Total collateralized debt obligations$1,930,725 $1,898,119 


December 31, 2021
Outstanding Face AmountCarrying Value
Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)
Stated Maturity (2)
Consolidated SLST (3)
$814,256 $839,419 2.75 %2059
Residential loan securitizations686,122 682,802 2.43 %2026 - 2061
Total collateralized debt obligations$1,500,378 $1,522,221 

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding face amount and stated interest rate of notes issued by the securitization and not owned by the Company.
(2)The actual maturity of the Company's CDOs are primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. The CDOs are also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents. As a result, the actual maturity of the CDOs may occur earlier than the stated maturity.
(3)The Company has elected the fair value option for CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST (see Note 14).

The Company's collateralized debt obligations as of March 31, 2022 had stated maturities as follows:

Year ending December 31, Total
2022$— 
2023— 
2024— 
2025— 
2026180,000 
2027225,000 
Thereafter1,525,725 
Total$1,930,725 
Debt
Convertible Notes    

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $138.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 6.25% Senior Convertible Notes due 2022 (the "Convertible Notes") outstanding. Costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Notes which included underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, were reflected as deferred charges. The underwriter's discount and deferred charges, net of amortization, were presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021. The underwriter's discount and deferred charges were amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, resulting in a total cost to the Company of approximately 8.24%.      

The Convertible Notes were issued at 96% of the principal amount, bore interest at a rate equal to 6.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, and matured on January 15, 2022. The Company did not have the right to redeem the Convertible Notes prior to maturity and no sinking fund was provided for the Convertible Notes. Holders of the Convertible Notes were permitted to convert their Convertible Notes into shares of the Company's common stock at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding January 15, 2022. The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes, which was subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events, initially equaled 142.7144 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which was equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $7.01 per share of the Company’s common stock, based on a $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes were senior unsecured obligations of the Company that ranked pari passu in right of payment with the Company's senior unsecured indebtedness and ranked senior in right of payment to the Company's subordinated debentures and any of its other indebtedness that was expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes.

The Company redeemed the Convertible Notes at maturity for $138.0 million on January 15, 2022. None of the Convertible Notes were converted prior to maturity. 

The following table presents interest expense from the Convertible Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Contractual interest expense$335 $2,156 
Amortization of underwriter's discount and deferred charges103 628 
Total$438 $2,784 

Senior Unsecured Notes    

On April 27, 2021, the Company completed the issuance and sale to various qualified institutional investors of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its unregistered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Unregistered Notes") in a private placement offering at 100% of the principal amount. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Unregistered Notes, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $96.3 million. Subsequent to the issuance of the Unregistered Notes, the Company conducted an exchange offer wherein the Company exchanged its registered 5.75% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "Registered Notes" and, together with the aggregate principal amount of Unregistered Notes that remain outstanding, the "Senior Unsecured Notes") for an equal principal amount of Unregistered Notes.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Unsecured Notes outstanding. Costs related to the issuance of the Senior Unsecured Notes which include underwriting, legal, accounting and other fees, are reflected as deferred charges. The deferred charges, net of amortization, are presented as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability on the Company's accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $3.1 million and $3.3 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The deferred charges are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method, resulting in a total cost to the Company of approximately 6.64%.     
The Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year, subject to adjustment from time to time based on changes in the ratings of the Senior Unsecured Notes by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (a “NRSRO”). The annual interest rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes will increase by (i) 0.50% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of BB+ or below and above B+ from any NRSRO and (ii) 0.75% per year beginning on the first day of any six-month interest period if as of such day the Senior Unsecured Notes have a rating of B+ or below or no rating from any NRSRO. Interest on the Senior Unsecured Notes is paid semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year and the Senior Unsecured Notes will mature on April 30, 2026.

The Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to April 30, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus the applicable "make-whole" premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. The "make-whole" premium is equal to the present value of all interest that would have accrued between the redemption date and up to, but excluding, April 30, 2023, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by 2.875%. On and after April 30, 2023, the Company has the right to redeem the Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, plus an amount equal to the principal amount of such Senior Unsecured Notes multiplied by a date-dependent multiple as detailed in the following table:

Redemption PeriodMultiple
April 30, 2023 - April 29, 2024
2.875 %
April 30, 2024 - April 29, 2025
1.4375 %
April 30, 2025 - April 29, 2026
— 

No sinking fund is provided for the Senior Unsecured Notes. The Senior Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company that ranked pari passu in right of payment with the Company's Convertible Notes and are structurally subordinated in right of payment to the Company's subordinated debentures.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company's Senior Unsecured Notes contain various covenants including the maintenance of a minimum net asset value, ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness and senior debt service coverage ratio and limit the amount of leverage the Company may utilize and its ability to transfer the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety or merge into or consolidate with another person. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of March 31, 2022 and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated debentures are trust preferred securities that are fully guaranteed by the Company with respect to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation, redemption or repayment. The following table summarizes the key details of the Company’s subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands):
NYM Preferred Trust INYM Preferred Trust II
Principal value of trust preferred securities$25,000 $20,000 
Interest rate
Three month LIBOR plus 3.75%, resetting quarterly
Three month LIBOR plus 3.95%, resetting quarterly
Scheduled maturityMarch 30, 2035October 30, 2035

As of May 5, 2022, the Company has not been notified, and is not aware, of any event of default under the indenture for the subordinated debentures.

Mortgages Payable on Real Estate

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company invested in joint venture investments that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the joint venture entities into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).
As of March 31, 2021, the Company was the primary beneficiary of a VIE that owned a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company held a preferred equity investment. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the VIE into its condensed consolidated financial statements. Subsequently, in July 2021, the VIE redeemed its non-controlling interest and the Company reconsidered its evaluation of its investment in the entity. The Company determined that the entity no longer met the criteria for being characterized as a VIE and is as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (see Note 7). In March 2022, the entity completed the sale of its multi-family apartment community and redeemed the Company's preferred equity investment. In conjunction with the sale, the entity repaid the related mortgage payable in the amount of approximately $37.0 million and recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.6 million, which is included in other income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The consolidated multi-family apartment communities are subject to mortgages payable collateralized by the associated real estate assets. The Company has no obligation for repayment of the mortgages payable but, with respect to certain of the mortgages payable, we may execute a non-recourse guaranty related to commitment of bad acts. The following table presents detailed information for these mortgages payable on real estate as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Maximum Committed Mortgage Principal AmountOutstanding Mortgage BalanceNet Deferred Finance CostMortgage Payable, NetStated Maturity
Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)
March 31, 2022$1,177,108 $1,102,179 $(18,808)$1,083,371 2024 - 20323.63 %
December 31, 2021745,915 718,717 (9,361)709,356 2024 - 20313.56 %

(1)Weighted average interest rate is calculated using the outstanding mortgage balance and interest rate as of the date indicated.

Debt Maturities

As of March 31, 2022, maturities for debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,Total
2022$— 
2023— 
2024291,970 
2025367,595 
2026133,925 
2027— 
Thereafter453,689 
$1,247,179