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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIE's
The following table summarizes the aggregate estimated fair value of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests associated with the initial consolidation of the joint venture entities and real estate acquisitions by a Consolidated VIE during the three months ended March 31, 2022 (dollar amounts in thousands):


Cash$7,102 
Operating real estate (1)
528,768 
Lease intangibles (2)
27,461 
Other assets6,130 
Total assets569,461 
Mortgages payable on real estate, net409,756 
Other liabilities3,180 
Total liabilities412,936 
Non-controlling interest (3)
10,488 
Net assets consolidated$146,037 

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2022 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
Financing VIEsOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Consolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotal
Cash and cash equivalents$— $— $33,340 $33,340 
Residential loans, at fair value1,262,356 969,853 — 2,232,209 
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 1,451,053 1,451,053 
Other assets87,833 3,437 64,912 156,182 
Total assets$1,350,189 $973,290 $1,549,305 $3,872,784 
Collateralized debt obligations ($1,143,855 at amortized cost, net and $754,264 at fair value)
$1,143,855 $754,264 $— $1,898,119 
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — 1,083,371 1,083,371 
Other liabilities32,432 3,482 13,135 49,049 
Total liabilities$1,176,287 $757,746 $1,096,506 $3,030,539 
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $53,361 $53,361 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)
$— $— $32,383 $32,383 
Net investment (5)
$173,902 $215,544 $367,055 $756,501 

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.
(4)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.
(5)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's residential loan securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2021 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Financing VIEsOther VIEs
Residential
Loan Securitizations
Consolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotal
Cash and cash equivalents$— $— $29,606 $29,606 
Residential loans, at fair value801,429 1,070,882 — 1,872,311 
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 927,725 927,725 
Other assets36,767 3,547 70,557 110,871 
Total assets$838,196 $1,074,429 $1,027,888 $2,940,513 
Collateralized debt obligations ($682,802 at amortized cost, net and $839,419 at fair value)
$682,802 $839,419 $— $1,522,221 
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (2)
— — 672,568 672,568 
Other liabilities20,156 3,193 17,527 40,876 
Total liabilities$702,958 $842,612 $690,095 $2,235,665 
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (3)
$— $— $66,392 $66,392 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)
$— $— $24,359 $24,359 
Net investment (5)
$135,238 $231,817 $247,042 $614,097 

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.
(4)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.
(5)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
  March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:     
Cash and cash equivalentsLevel 1$303,762 $303,762 $289,602 $289,602 
Residential loansLevel 33,953,427 3,953,427 3,575,601 3,575,601 
Multi-family loansLevel 3110,208 110,208 120,021 120,021 
Investment securities available for saleLevel 2145,780 145,780 200,844 200,844 
Equity investmentsLevel 3225,300 225,300 239,631 239,631 
Financial Liabilities:     
Repurchase agreementsLevel 2927,049 927,049 554,259 554,259 
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, netLevel 31,143,855 1,110,428 682,802 686,027 
Consolidated SLSTLevel 3754,264 754,264 839,419 839,419 
Subordinated debenturesLevel 345,000 44,448 45,000 44,388 
Convertible notesLevel 2— — 137,898 138,011 
Senior unsecured notesLevel 296,870 97,246 96,704 102,215 
Mortgages payable on real estateLevel 31,083,371 1,079,742 709,356 712,112 
Schedule of Statement of Operations of Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Consolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotalConsolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotal
Interest income$9,380 $— $9,380 $10,318 $— $10,318 
Interest expense5,978 6,835 12,813 7,104 310 7,414 
Total net interest income (expense)3,402 (6,835)(3,433)3,214 (310)2,904 
Unrealized (losses) gains, net(15,279)— (15,279)9,225 — 9,225 
Income from real estate— 23,637 23,637 — 1,495 1,495 
Total non-interest (loss) income(15,279)23,637 8,358 9,225 1,495 10,720 
Expenses related to real estate (1)
— 46,446 46,446 — 2,924 2,924 
Net (loss) income(11,877)(29,644)(41,521)12,439 (1,739)10,700 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs— 14,869 14,869 — 1,409 1,409 
Net (loss) income attributable to Company$(11,877)$(14,775)$(26,652)$12,439 $(330)$12,109 

(1)See Note 8 for depreciation and amortization expenses related to operating real estate.
Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents activity in redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (dollar amounts in thousands):


Beginning balance$66,392 
Contributions274 
Distributions(677)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs(12,628)
Ending balance$53,361 
Schedule of Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
March 31, 2022
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS
$— $38,705 $— $38,705 
Non-Agency RMBS— 28,617 — 28,617 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
110,208 — 182,504 292,712 
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
— — 10,690 10,690 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties— — 2,856 2,856 
Maximum exposure$110,208 $67,322 $196,050 $373,580 

December 31, 2021
Multi-family loansInvestment
securities
available for
sale, at fair value
Equity investmentsTotal
ABS$— $39,679 $— $39,679 
Non-Agency RMBS— 30,924 — 30,924 
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties
120,021 — 180,798 300,819 
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties
— — 10,440 10,440 
Equity investments in entities that invest in residential properties — — 19,143 19,143 
Maximum exposure$120,021 $70,603 $210,381 $401,005