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Stockholders’ Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity
17. Stockholders' Equity

(a)Preferred Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), with 22,164,414 and 22,284,994 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has four outstanding series of cumulative redeemable preferred stock: 8.00% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”), 7.875% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”), 6.875% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series F Preferred Stock”) and 7.00% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series G Preferred Stock”). Each series of the Preferred Stock is senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividends and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $100.0 million preferred stock repurchase program. The program, which is currently set to expire on March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of Preferred Stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 16,177 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, 68,348 shares of Series E Preferred Stock, 9,791 shares of Series F Preferred Stock and 26,264 shares of Series G Preferred Stock pursuant to the preferred stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $2.4 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $20.29 per preferred share. The difference between the consideration transferred and the carrying value of the preferred stock resulted in a gain attributable to common stockholders of approximately $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, $97.6 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of Preferred Stock under the preferred stock repurchase program.

In July 2021, the Company issued 5,750,000 shares of the Company's Series F Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of approximately $138.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On August 6, 2021, the Company classified and designated an additional 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s authorized but unissued preferred stock as Series F Preferred Stock.

In July 2021, the Company redeemed all outstanding shares of its 7.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock") at an aggregate redemption price of approximately $25.08 per share, which included accumulated and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The excess of the $25.00 liquidation price per share over the carrying value of the Series C Preferred Stock resulted in a charge of $3.4 million to net income attributable to Company's common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2021.

In November 2021, the Company issued 3,000,000 shares of Series G Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of approximately $72.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

In December 2021, the Company redeemed all outstanding shares of its 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") at an aggregate redemption price of approximately $25.34 per share, which included accumulated and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The excess of the $25.00 liquidation price per share over the carrying value of the Series B Preferred Stock resulted in a charge of $2.7 million to net income attributable to Company's common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The following tables summarize the Company’s Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollar amounts in thousands):

December 31, 2023

Class of Preferred StockShares AuthorizedShares Issued and OutstandingCarrying ValueLiquidation Preference
Contractual Rate (1)
Optional Redemption Date (2)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)
Floating Annual Rate (4) (5)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Series D8,400,000 6,107,318 $147,745 $152,683 8.000 %October 15, 2027October 15, 2027
3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E9,900,000 7,343,151 177,697 183,579 7.875 %January 15, 2025January 15, 2025
3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Series F7,750,000 5,740,209 138,418 143,505 6.875 %October 15, 2026October 15, 2026
3M SOFR + 6.130%
Fixed Rate
Series G5,450,000 2,973,736 71,585 74,343 7.000 %January 15, 2027
Total31,500,000 22,164,414 $535,445 $554,110 


December 31, 2022

Class of Preferred StockShares AuthorizedShares Issued and OutstandingCarrying ValueLiquidation Preference
Contractual Rate (1)
Optional Redemption Date (2)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Conversion Date (1)(3)
Floating Annual Rate (4) (5)
Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Series D8,400,000 6,123,495 $148,134 $153,087 8.000 %October 15, 2027October 15, 2027
3M LIBOR + 5.695%
Series E9,900,000 7,411,499 179,349 185,288 7.875 %January 15, 2025January 15, 2025
3M LIBOR + 6.429%
Series F7,750,000 5,750,000 138,650 143,750 6.875 %October 15, 2026October 15, 2026
3M SOFR + 6.130%
Fixed Rate
Series G5,450,000 3,000,000 72,218 75,000 7.000 %January 15, 2027
Total31,500,000 22,284,994 $538,351 $557,125 

(1)The Company's fixed rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, per year on its $25 liquidation preference. Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock is entitled to receive a dividend at the contractual rate shown, respectively, per year on its $25 liquidation preference up to, but excluding, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.
(2)Each series of Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to the respective optional redemption date disclosed except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company’s qualification as a REIT and except upon occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, respectively).
(3)Beginning on the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend on a floating rate basis according to the terms disclosed in footnotes (4) and (5) below.
(4)Prior to July 2023, on and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock were entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus the respective spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference. In light of the cessation of the publication of three-month LIBOR after June 30, 2023, and pursuant to the Articles Supplementary for each of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock and the applicability of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock, given all of the information available to the Company to date, the Company believes that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum will automatically replace three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock for dividend periods from and after the respective fixed-to-floating rate conversion date.
(5)On and after the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date, the Series F Preferred Stock is entitled to receive a dividend at a floating rate equal to three-month SOFR plus the spread disclosed above per year on its $25 liquidation preference.

For each series of Preferred Stock, on or after the respective optional redemption date disclosed, the Company may, at its option, redeem the respective series of Preferred Stock in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends.

The Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights, subject to an exception in the event the Company fails to pay dividends on such stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, holders of the Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of all other classes or series of our preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable and which are entitled to vote as a class with the Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote to elect two additional directors to the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of any series of the Preferred Stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the series of Preferred Stock whose terms are being changed.

The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted into the Company’s common stock in connection with a change of control.

Upon the occurrence of a change of control, each holder of Preferred Stock will have the right (unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem the Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Preferred Stock held by such holder into a number of shares of our common stock per share of the applicable series of Preferred Stock determined by a formula, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions described in the applicable Articles Supplementary for such series.
(b) Dividends on Preferred Stock

The following table presents the relevant information with respect to quarterly cash dividends declared on the Preferred Stock commencing January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023:

Cash Dividend Per Share
Declaration DateRecord DatePayment Date
Series B Preferred Stock (1)
Series C Preferred Stock (1)
Series D Preferred StockSeries E Preferred StockSeries F Preferred StockSeries G Preferred Stock
December 14, 2023January 1, 2024January 15, 2024$— $— $0.50 $0.4921875 $0.4296875 $0.43750 
September 11, 2023October 1, 2023October 15, 2023— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
June 6, 2023July 1, 2023July 15, 2023— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
March 9, 2023April 1, 2023April 15, 2023— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
December 12, 2022January 1, 2023January 15, 2023— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
September 16, 2022October 1, 2022October 15, 2022— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
June 17, 2022July 1, 2022July 15, 2022— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
March 14, 2022April 1, 2022April 15, 2022— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.43750 
December 13, 2021January 1, 2022January 15, 2022— — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4296875 0.24792 
(2)
September 13, 2021October 1, 2021October 15, 20210.484375 — 0.50 0.4921875 0.4679000 
(3)
— 
June 14, 2021July 1, 2021July 15, 20210.484375 0.4921875 0.50 0.4921875 — — 
March 15, 2021April 1, 2021April 15, 20210.484375 0.4921875 0.50 0.4921875 — — 

(1)Refer above for disclosure regarding the optional redemption of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock.
(2)Cash dividend for the short initial dividend period that began on November 24, 2021 and ended on January 14, 2022.
(3)Cash dividend for the long initial dividend period that began on July 7, 2021 and ended on October 14, 2021.

(c)Common Stock

The Company had 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with 90,675,403 and 91,193,688 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On February 22, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split was effected as of 12:01 a.m., New York City time, on March 9, 2023 (the “Effective Time”). Accordingly, at the Effective Time, every four issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were converted into one share of the Company’s common stock, with a proportionate reduction in the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, outstanding equity awards and number of shares remaining available for issuance under the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the "2017 Plan"). In connection with the reverse stock split, the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock was also reduced on a one-for-four basis, from 800,000,000 to 200,000,000. The par value of each share of common stock remained unchanged. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, each stockholder holding fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split was entitled to receive, in lieu of such fractional shares, cash in an amount based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 8, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split applied to all of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock and therefore did not affect any stockholder’s ownership percentage of shares of the Company’s common stock, except for de minimis changes resulting from the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares. All common share and per common share data included in these consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $200.0 million common stock repurchase program. The program, which is currently set to expire on March 31, 2025, allows the Company to make repurchases of shares of common stock, from time to time, in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means, in accordance with applicable securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. In March 2023, the Board of Directors approved an upsize of the common stock repurchase program to $246.0 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 937,850 shares of its common stock pursuant to the common stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $8.6 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $9.19 per common share. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 4,157,403 shares of its common stock pursuant to the common stock repurchase program for a total cost of approximately $44.4 million, including fees and commissions paid to the broker, representing an average repurchase price of $10.68 per common share.

As of December 31, 2023, $193.2 million of the approved amount remained available for the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock under the common stock repurchase program.

(d)Dividends on Common Stock

The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock with respect to the quarterly periods commencing January 1, 2021 and ended December 31, 2023:
PeriodDeclaration DateRecord DatePayment DateCash
Dividend
Per Share
Fourth Quarter 2023December 14, 2023December 26, 2023January 26, 2024$0.200 
Third Quarter 2023September 11, 2023September 21, 2023October 26, 20230.300 
Second Quarter 2023June 6, 2023June 16, 2023July 26, 20230.300 
First Quarter 2023March 9, 2023March 20, 2023April 26, 20230.400 
Fourth Quarter 2022December 12, 2022December 27, 2022January 26, 20230.400 
Third Quarter 2022September 16, 2022September 26, 2022October 26, 20220.400 
Second Quarter 2022June 17, 2022June 27, 2022July 25, 20220.400 
First Quarter 2022March 14, 2022March 24, 2022April 25, 20220.400 
Fourth Quarter 2021December 13, 2021December 27, 2021January 25, 20220.400 
Third Quarter 2021September 13, 2021September 23, 2021October 25, 20210.400 
Second Quarter 2021June 14, 2021June 24, 2021July 26, 20210.400 
First Quarter 2021March 15, 2021March 25, 2021April 26, 20210.400 
During 2023, aggregate dividends for our common stock were $1.20 per share. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the 2023 dividends were classified as return of capital in the amount of $1.00 per share and the January 2024 cash distribution in the amount of $0.20 per share, that was declared in December 2023, is treated as a 2024 distribution. During 2022, aggregate dividends for our common stock were $1.60 per share. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the 2022 dividends were classified as ordinary income and return of capital in the amounts of $0.60 and $1.00, respectively, per share. During 2021, aggregate dividends for our common stock were $1.60 per share. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the 2021 dividends were classified as ordinary income, capital gain distribution and return of capital in the amounts of $0.36, $0.16 and $1.08, respectively, per share.

(e)Equity Distribution Agreements

On August 10, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Common Equity Distribution Agreement”) with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having a maximum aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million from time to time through the sales agent. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of common stock issuable under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

    There were no shares of the Company's common stock issued under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement and the Prior Equity Distribution Agreement during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $100.0 million of common stock remains available for issuance under the Common Equity Distribution Agreement.

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement”) with a sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, having a maximum aggregate gross sales price of up to $50.0 million, from time to time through the sales agent. On November 27, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement that increased the maximum aggregate sales price to $131.5 million. The amendment also provided for the inclusion of sales of the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock. On August 10, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement that increased the maximum aggregate sales price to $149.1 million. The amendment also provided for the inclusion of sales of the Company's Series F Preferred Stock and the exclusion of sales of the Company's Series C Preferred Stock. On March 2, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement that provided for the inclusion of sales of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock and the exclusion of sales of the Company's Series B Preferred Stock. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares of Preferred Stock issuable under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.
There were no shares of Preferred Stock issued under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $100.0 million of Preferred Stock remains available for issuance under the Preferred Equity Distribution Agreement.