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Real Estate, Net
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Real Estate [Abstract]  
Real Estate, Net
8. Real Estate, Net

The following is a summary of real estate, net, collectively, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Land$95,091 $137,883 
Building and improvements751,869 1,020,477 
Furniture, fixture and equipment25,992 38,706 
Operating real estate
$872,952 $1,197,066 
Accumulated depreciation(62,694)(65,247)
Operating real estate, net$810,258 $1,131,819 
Real estate held for sale, net (1)
$69,673 $— 
Real estate, net (2)
$879,931 $1,131,819 

(1)Real estate held for sale, net is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Includes two multi-family apartment properties in a joint venture entity that owns several multi-family properties (and is not included in the repositioning referenced in (2) below) and certain single-family rental properties as of June 30, 2024.
(2)In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the real estate, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties is included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. See Note 9 for additional information.

Multi-family Apartment Properties

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the joint venture entities into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7). During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company determined that two of the multi-family apartment communities owned by an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture equity investment that is not in disposal group held for sale met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the properties held by the joint venture entity from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized no loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company became the primary beneficiary of a VIE that owns a multi-family apartment community and in which the Company holds a preferred equity investment. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the VIE into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

The multi-family apartment communities generally lease their apartment units to individual tenants at market rates for the production of rental income. These apartment units are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

Operating real estate, net is periodically evaluated for impairment. As of June 30, 2024, the Company determined that two multi-family properties owned by joint venture equity investments were impaired. The calculation of impairment amounts utilized fair values that were estimated based upon discounted cash flow analyses using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $1.8 million and $13.8 million impairment of real estate in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

Single-family Rental Properties

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned single-family rental homes. These units are leased to individual tenants for the production of rental income and are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company determined that certain single-family rental properties met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the properties from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized a $0.5 million and $4.5 million loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, which is included in impairment of real estate on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold single-family rental properties for proceeds of approximately $0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, recognizing a net gain on sale of approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which is included in other income (loss) on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Lease Intangibles

Intangibles related to multi-family properties consist of the value of in-place leases and are included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the components of lease intangibles, net as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Lease intangibles$39,326 $54,581 
Accumulated amortization(39,326)(52,203)
Lease intangibles, net
$— $2,378 

In September 2022, the Company announced a repositioning of its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the lease intangibles, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. See Note 9 for additional information.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Depreciation expense on operating real estate$11,284 $6,128 $22,433 $12,167 
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate951 — 2,378 — 
Total depreciation and amortization
$12,235 $6,128 $24,811 $12,167