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Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value | 4. Investment Securities Available For Sale, at Fair Value The Company accounts for certain of its investment securities available for sale using the fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, where changes in fair value are recorded in unrealized (losses) gains, net on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company also had investment securities available for sale where the fair value option had not been elected, which we refer to as CECL Securities. CECL Securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Company's investment securities available for sale consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized |  | Fair Value
|  | Gains |  | Losses |  |  |  | Gains |  | Losses |
Fair Value Option |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency RMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fannie Mae | $ | 1,483,619 |  |  | $ | 7,819 |  |  | $ | (7,991) |  |  | $ | 1,483,447 |  |  | $ | 1,084,702 |  |  | $ | 15,902 |  |  | $ | (723) |  |  | $ | 1,099,881 |
Freddie Mac | 1,465,419 |  |  | 3,914 |  |  | (13,720) |  |  | 1,455,613 |  |  | 676,436 |  |  | 5,679 |  |  | (1,106) |  |  | 681,009 |
Total Fixed rate | 2,949,038 |  |  | 11,733 |  |  | (21,711) |  |  | 2,939,060 |  |  | 1,761,138 |  |  | 21,581 |  |  | (1,829) |  |  | 1,780,890 |
Adjustable rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fannie Mae | 97,267 |  |  | 265 |  |  | (631) |  |  | 96,901 |  |  | 110,036 |  |  | 1,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,335 |
Freddie Mac | 32,852 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (191) |  |  | 32,681 |  |  | 37,424 |  |  | 442 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,866 |
Total Adjustable rate | 130,119 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (822) |  |  | 129,582 |  |  | 147,460 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,201 |
Interest-only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ginnie Mae | 78,627 |  |  | 843 |  |  | (16,092) |  |  | 63,378 |  |  | 52,623 |  |  | 6,813 |  |  | (203) |  |  | 59,233 |
Freddie Mac | 5,251 |  |  | — |  |  | (459) |  |  | 4,792 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Interest-only | 83,878 |  |  | 843 |  |  | (16,551) |  |  | 68,170 |  |  | 52,623 |  |  | 6,813 |  |  | (203) |  |  | 59,233 |
Total Agency RMBS | 3,163,035 |  |  | 12,861 |  |  | (39,084) |  |  | 3,136,812 |  |  | 1,961,221 |  |  | 30,135 |  |  | (2,032) |  |  | 1,989,324 |
Non-Agency RMBS | 66,203 |  |  | 6,098 |  |  | (2,614) |  |  | 69,687 |  |  | 22,097 |  |  | 6,646 |  |  | (4,281) |  |  | 24,462 |
U.S. Treasury securities | 657,659 |  |  | — |  |  | (35,614) |  |  | 622,045 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investment securities available for sale - fair value option | 3,886,897 |  |  | 18,959 |  |  | (77,312) |  |  | 3,828,544 |  |  | 1,983,318 |  |  | 36,781 |  |  | (6,313) |  |  | 2,013,786 |
CECL Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-Agency RMBS | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 31 |
Total investment securities available for sale - CECL Securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 31 |
Total | $ | 3,886,897 |  |  | $ | 18,959 |  |  | $ | (77,312) |  |  | $ | 3,828,544 |  |  | $ | 1,983,353 |  |  | $ | 36,781 |  |  | $ | (6,317) |  |  | $ | 2,013,817 |
Accrued interest receivable for investment securities available for sale in the amount of $22.4 million and $9.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is included in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $88.8 million in net unrealized losses, $36.3 million in net unrealized gains and $22.6 million in net unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale accounted for under the fair value option, respectively. The Company's investment securities available for sale pledged as collateral against interest rate swap agreements and repurchase agreements are included in investment securities available for sale on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets with the fair value of securities pledged disclosed in Notes 10 and 13, respectively. Realized Gain and Loss Activity The following tables summarize our investment securities sold during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2024
| Sales Proceeds |  | Realized Gains |  | Realized Losses |  | Net Realized Gains (Losses)
Non-Agency RMBS | $ | 5,284 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |
Total | $ | 5,284 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| Sales Proceeds |  | Realized Gains |  | Realized Losses |  | Net Realized Gains (Losses)
ABS | $ | 595 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (41) |  |  | $ | (41) |
CMBS | 30,419 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,387) |  |  | (1,387) |
Non-Agency RMBS | 33,676 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | (12,644) |  |  | (11,172) |
Total | $ | 64,690 |  |  | $ | 1,472 |  |  | $ | (14,072) |  |  | $ | (12,600) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Sales Proceeds |  | Realized Gains |  | Realized Losses |  | Net Realized Gains (Losses)
Non-Agency RMBS | $ | 24,374 |  |  | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 374 |
ABS | 36,215 |  |  | 18,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,001 |
U.S. Treasury Securities | 24,848 |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |  | (31) |
Total | $ | 85,437 |  |  | $ | 18,375 |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | 18,344 |
The Company recognized write-downs of fair value option non-Agency RMBS for a loss of $1.2 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company did not recognize any write-downs for the year ended December 31, 2022. Weighted Average Life Actual maturities of our investment securities available for sale are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities (with contractual maturities up to 39 years), as they are affected by periodic payments and prepayments of principal on the underlying mortgages. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, based on management’s estimates, the weighted average life of the Company’s investment securities available for sale portfolio was approximately 7.4 years and 6.9 years, respectively. The following table sets forth the weighted average lives of our investment securities available for sale as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
Weighted Average Life | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
0 to 5 years | $ | 604,459 |  |  | $ | 283,554 |
Over 5 to 10 years | 2,923,871 |  |  | 1,727,269 |
10+ years | 300,214 |  |  | 2,994 |
Total | $ | 3,828,544 |  |  | $ | 2,013,817 |
Unrealized Losses in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company had no CECL Securities as of December 31, 2024. The Company evaluated its CECL Securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 and determined that no allowance for credit losses was necessary. The Company did not recognize credit losses for its CECL Securities through earnings for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents the Company’s CECL securities in an unrealized loss position with no credit losses reported, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2023 | Less than 12 Months |  | Greater than 12 months |  | Total
| Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Non-Agency RMBS | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (4) |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (4) |
Credit risk associated with non-Agency RMBS was regularly assessed as new information regarding the underlying collateral became available and based on updated estimates of cash flows generated by the underlying collateral. In performing its assessment, the Company considered past and expected future performance of the underlying collateral, including timing of expected future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, current levels of subordination, volatility of the security's fair value, temporary declines in liquidity for the asset class and interest rate changes since purchase.

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