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Use of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) and Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIE's | The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of March 31, 2025 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
|  |  | Other VIEs |  |
| Financing VIEs |  |  |  | Consolidated SLST |  | Consolidated Real Estate |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,929 |  |  | $ | 3,929 |
Residential loans, at fair value | 2,508,456 |  |  |  |  | 959,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,467,706 |
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 477,189 |  |  | 477,189 |
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 113,406 |  |  | 113,406 |
Other assets | 144,394 |  |  |  |  | 3,932 |  |  | 12,423 |  |  | 160,749 |
Total assets | $ | 2,652,850 |  |  |  |  | $ | 963,182 |  |  | $ | 606,947 |  |  | $ | 4,222,979 |
Collateralized debt obligations ($2,429,141 at fair value and $757,673 at amortized cost, net) | $ | 2,381,541 |  |  |  |  | $ | 805,273 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,186,814 |
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 365,455 |  |  | 365,455 |
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 91,153 |  |  | 91,153 |
Other liabilities | 21,158 |  |  |  |  | 8,543 |  |  | 5,969 |  |  | 35,670 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,402,699 |  |  |  |  | $ | 813,816 |  |  | $ | 462,577 |  |  | $ | 3,679,092 |
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4) | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,382 |  |  | $ | 13,382 |
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5) | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,859 |  |  | $ | 2,859 |
Net investment (6) | $ | 250,151 |  |  |  |  | $ | 149,366 |  |  | $ | 128,129 |  |  | $ | 527,646 |
(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. (2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9). (3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. (4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below. (5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. (6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any. The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
|  |  | Other VIEs |  |
| Financing VIEs |  | Consolidated SLST |  | Consolidated Real Estate |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,151 |  |  | $ | 4,151 |
Residential loans, at fair value | 2,243,800 |  |  | 965,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,209,472 |
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481,161 |  |  | 481,161 |
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 118,613 |  |  | 118,613 |
Other assets | 154,426 |  |  | 4,065 |  |  | 16,696 |  |  | 175,187 |
Total assets | $ | 2,398,226 |  |  | $ | 969,737 |  |  | $ | 620,621 |  |  | $ | 3,988,584 |
Collateralized debt obligations ($2,135,680 at fair value and $842,764 at amortized cost, net) | $ | 2,166,853 |  |  | $ | 811,591 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,978,444 |
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 366,606 |  |  | 366,606 |
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97,065 |  |  | 97,065 |
Other liabilities | 16,162 |  |  | 8,313 |  |  | 10,621 |  |  | 35,096 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,183,015 |  |  | $ | 819,904 |  |  | $ | 474,292 |  |  | $ | 3,477,211 |
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,359 |  |  | $ | 12,359 |
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,930 |  |  | $ | 3,930 |
Net investment (6) | $ | 215,211 |  |  | $ | 149,833 |  |  | $ | 130,040 |  |  | $ | 495,084 |
(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. (2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9). (3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. (4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below. (5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. (6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
|  |  | March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 |  | $ | 177,072 |  |  | $ | 177,072 |  |  | $ | 167,422 |  |  | $ | 167,422 |
Residential loans | Level 3 |  | 3,913,268 |  |  | 3,913,268 |  |  | 3,841,738 |  |  | 3,841,738 |
Investment securities available for sale | Level 2 |  | 4,646,812 |  |  | 4,646,812 |  |  | 3,828,544 |  |  | 3,828,544 |
Multi-family loans | Level 3 |  | 87,222 |  |  | 87,222 |  |  | 86,192 |  |  | 86,192 |
Equity investments | Level 3 |  | 93,999 |  |  | 93,999 |  |  | 113,492 |  |  | 113,492 |
Derivative assets | Level 2 |  | 3,530 |  |  | 3,530 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 56 |
Derivative assets in disposal group held for sale | Level 2 |  | 222 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 67 |
Mortgage servicing rights | Level 3 |  | 20,297 |  |  | 20,297 |  |  | 21,003 |  |  | 21,003 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase agreements | Level 2 |  | 4,485,716 |  |  | 4,485,716 |  |  | 4,012,225 |  |  | 4,012,225 |
Collateralized debt obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, net | Level 3 |  | 757,673 |  |  | 740,808 |  |  | 842,764 |  |  | 818,482 |
Residential loan securitizations at fair value | Level 2 |  | 1,554,353 |  |  | 1,554,353 |  |  | 1,253,332 |  |  | 1,253,332 |
Consolidated SLST | Level 3 |  | 805,273 |  |  | 805,273 |  |  | 811,591 |  |  | 811,591 |
Non-Agency RMBS re-securitization | Level 2 |  | 69,515 |  |  | 69,515 |  |  | 70,757 |  |  | 70,757 |
Subordinated debentures | Level 3 |  | 45,000 |  |  | 38,976 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | 38,918 |
Senior unsecured notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior unsecured notes at amortized cost, net | Level 2 |  | 99,087 |  |  | 99,488 |  |  | 98,886 |  |  | 98,632 |
Senior unsecured notes at fair value | Level 2 |  | 139,761 |  |  | 139,761 |  |  | 60,310 |  |  | 60,310 |
Mortgages payable on real estate | Level 3 |  | 365,455 |  |  | 353,914 |  |  | 366,606 |  |  | 347,915 |
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for sale | Level 3 |  | 89,364 |  |  | 89,364 |  |  | 93,370 |  |  | 93,370 |
Schedule of Variable Interest Entities | Multi-family loans consist of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Investment amount | $ | 91,096 |  |  | $ | 90,485 |
Unrealized losses, net | (3,874) |  |  | (4,293) |
Total, at Fair Value | $ | 87,222 |  |  | $ | 86,192 |
The following table presents condensed statements of operations for non-Company-sponsored VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands). The following table includes net (loss) income from assets and liabilities of disposal group held for sale and intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
|  | Consolidated SLST |  | Consolidated Real Estate |  | Total |  | Consolidated SLST |  | Consolidated Real Estate |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 10,740 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,740 |  |  | $ | 8,127 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,127 |
Interest expense |  | 6,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,964 |  |  | 5,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,801 |
Total net interest income |  | 3,776 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,776 |  |  | 2,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,326 |
Income from real estate |  | — |  |  | 18,486 |  |  | 18,486 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,093 |  |  | 35,093 |
Expenses related to real estate |  | — |  |  | 20,027 |  |  | 20,027 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,761 |  |  | 51,761 |
Total net loss from real estate |  | — |  |  | (1,541) |  |  | (1,541) |  |  | — |  |  | (16,668) |  |  | (16,668) |
Unrealized gains (losses), net |  | 3,264 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,264 |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | (36) |
(Losses) gains on derivative instruments, net |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,518 |  |  | 2,518 |
Impairment of real estate |  | — |  |  | (3,565) |  |  | (3,565) |  |  | — |  |  | (32,214) |  |  | (32,214) |
Loss on reclassification of disposal group |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,636) |  |  | (14,636) |
Other income |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Total other income (loss) |  | 3,264 |  |  | (3,579) |  |  | (315) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (44,329) |  |  | (44,365) |
Net income (loss) |  | 7,040 |  |  | (5,120) |  |  | 1,920 |  |  | 2,290 |  |  | (60,997) |  |  | (58,707) |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs |  | — |  |  | 5,090 |  |  | 5,090 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,158 |  |  | 22,158 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Company |  | $ | 7,040 |  |  | $ | (30) |  |  | $ | 7,010 |  |  | $ | 2,290 |  |  | $ | (38,839) |  |  | $ | (36,549) |
Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated VIEs | The following table presents activity in redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 12,359 |  |  | $ | 28,061 |  |  |  |  |
Contributions | — |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  |
Distributions | (687) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs | (3,627) |  |  | (14,400) |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to estimated redemption value (1) | 5,337 |  |  | 6,428 |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 13,382 |  |  | $ | 20,128 |  |  |  |  |
(1)The Company determines the fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interest utilizing market assumptions and discounted cash flows. The Company applies a discount rate to the estimated future cash flows from the multi-family apartment properties held by the applicable Consolidated VIEs that are allocatable to the redeemable non-controlling interest. This fair value measurement is generally based on unobservable inputs and, as such, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant unobservable inputs utilized in the estimation of fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2025 include a weighted average capitalization rate of 5.6% (ranges from 5.0% to 6.3%) and a weighted average discount rate of 14.8% (ranges from 13.6% to 15.6%).
Schedule of Classification and Carrying Value of Unconsolidated VIEs | The following tables present the classification and carrying value of unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
| March 31, 2025
| Multi-family loans |  | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value |  | Equity investments |  | Other assets |  | Total
Non-Agency RMBS | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,126 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,126 |
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties | 87,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,251 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,473 |
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,111 |
Other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | 2,000 |
Maximum exposure | $ | 87,222 |  |  | $ | 22,126 |  |  | $ | 54,362 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 165,710 |
| December 31, 2024
| Multi-family loans |  | Investment securities available for sale, at fair value |  | Equity investments |  | Other assets |  | Total
Non-Agency RMBS | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,892 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,892 |
Preferred equity investments in multi-family properties | 86,192 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,436 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,628 |
Joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,338 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,338 |
Other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | 2,000 |
Maximum exposure | $ | 86,192 |  |  | $ | 22,892 |  |  | $ | 74,774 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 185,858 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-5A Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-9 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-4 Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-6 + Details
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