Real Estate, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

8. Real Estate, Net

The following is a summary of real estate, net, collectively, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Land	$	80,170	$	80,190
Building and improvements	581,595		581,283
Furniture, fixture and equipment	17,529		16,866
Operating real estate	$	679,294	$	678,339
Accumulated depreciation	(67,728)		(61,834)
Operating real estate, net	$	611,566	$	616,505
Real estate held for sale, net (1)	$	5,739	$	6,902
Real estate, net (2)	$	617,305	$	623,407

(1)Real estate held for sale, net includes certain single-family rental properties and is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs.

(2)The Company is repositioning its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the real estate, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties is included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See Note 9 for additional information.

Multi-family Apartment Properties

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owned joint venture equity investments in entities that own multi-family apartment communities, which the Company determined to be VIEs and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Also as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owned a preferred equity investment in an entity that owns a multi-family apartment community, which the Company determined to be a VIE and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the joint venture entities and the entity in which it holds a preferred equity investment into its condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).

The multi-family apartment communities generally lease their apartment units to individual tenants at market rates for the production of rental income. These apartment units are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

Operating real estate, net is periodically evaluated for impairment. As of March 31, 2025, the Company determined that no multi-family properties owned by joint venture equity investments were impaired. As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that four multi-family properties owned by joint venture equity investments were impaired. The calculation of impairment amounts for multi-family properties utilized fair values that were estimated based upon discounted cash flow analyses using property financial information and assumptions regarding market rent, revenue and expense growth, capitalization rates and equity return rates. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $32.8 million impairment of real estate in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Single-family Rental Properties

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owned single-family rental homes. These units are leased to individual tenants for the production of rental income and are generally leased at a fixed monthly rate with no option for the lessee to purchase the leased unit at any point.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined that certain single-family rental properties met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, transferred the properties from operating real estate to real estate held for sale and recognized losses upon transfer of $0.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively, which are included in impairment of real estate on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Real estate held for sale, net is recorded at the lower of the net carrying amount of the assets or the estimated fair value, net of selling costs. Fair value for single-family rental properties held for sale was based upon local broker price opinions and automated valuation model data. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $4.0 million of net impairment losses on single-family rental properties, inclusive of losses recognized upon transfer to real estate held for sale, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold single-family rental properties for proceeds of approximately $0.9 million, recognizing a net loss on sale of approximately $45 thousand, which is included in other income on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold single-family rental properties for proceeds of approximately $0.9 million, recognizing a net gain on sale of approximately $0.1 million.

Lease Intangibles

Intangibles related to multi-family properties consist of the value of in-place leases and are included in other assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Lease intangibles were fully amortized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company is repositioning its business through the opportunistic disposition over time of the Company's joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties and reallocation of its capital away from such assets to its targeted assets. Accordingly, the lease intangibles, net related to certain joint venture equity investments in multi-family properties are included in assets of disposal group held for sale on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See Note 9 for additional information.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Depreciation expense on operating real estate	$	5,895	$	11,149
Amortization of lease intangibles related to operating real estate	—		1,427
Total depreciation and amortization	$	5,895	$	12,576