XML 63 R49.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.25.3
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollar amounts in thousands):
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets carried at fair value
        
Investment securities available for sale:        
Agency RMBS
$— $6,628,003 $— $6,628,003 $— $3,136,812 $— $3,136,812 
Non-Agency RMBS
— 28,174 — 28,174 — 69,687 — 69,687 
U.S. Treasury securities
— 182,538 — 182,538 — 622,045 — 622,045 
Residential loans:
Residential loans
— — 308,422 308,422 — — 632,266 632,266 
Consolidated SLST
— — 1,182,599 1,182,599 — — 965,672 965,672 
Residential loans held in securitization trusts
— — 2,660,626 2,660,626 — — 2,243,800 2,243,800 
Residential loans held for sale
— — 105,036 105,036 — — — — 
Multi-family loans— — 68,647 68,647 — — 86,192 86,192 
Equity investments
— — 28,825 28,825 — — 113,492 113,492 
Derivative assets:      
Interest rate caps (1) (2)
— 150 — 150 — 56 — 56 
Options (2)
— 79 — 79 — — — — 
IRLCs (2)
— — 2,383 2,383 — — — — 
Interest rate swaps (2) (4)
— — — — — — — — 
Futures (2) (4)
— — — — — — — — 
MSRs (2)
— — 21,896 21,896  — 21,003 21,003 
Assets of disposal group held for sale (3)
— — — — — 67 — 67 
Total
$— $6,838,944 $4,378,434 $11,217,378 $— $3,828,667 $4,062,425 $7,891,092 
Liabilities carried at fair value
        
CDOs:
Consolidated SLST
$— $— $1,016,952 $1,016,952 $— $— $811,591 $811,591 
Residential loan securitizations
— 2,118,581 — 2,118,581 — 1,253,332 — 1,253,332 
Non-Agency RMBS re-securitization— 66,762 — 66,762 — 70,757 — 70,757 
Senior unsecured notes
— 257,590 — 257,590 — 60,310 — 60,310 
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (2) (4)
— — — — — — — — 
Futures (2) (4)
— — — — — — — — 
Credit default swaps (2) (4)
— — — — — — — — 
TBAs (2)
— 121 — 121 — — — — 
Total
$— $2,443,054 $1,016,952 $3,460,006 $— $1,384,399 $811,591 $2,195,990 
    
(1)Excludes assets of disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).
(2)Included in other assets or other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Includes interest rate caps classified as Level 2 instruments in the amount of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2024.
(4)All of the Company’s interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and futures are cleared through central clearing houses. The Company exchanges variation margin for the derivative instruments based upon daily changes in fair value. Includes derivative liabilities of $71.0 million netted against derivative assets of $6.9 million and a net variation margin of $64.1 million as of September 30, 2025. Includes derivative liabilities of $19.9 million netted against derivative assets of $64.9 million and a variation margin of $45.0 million as of December 31, 2024. See Note 10 for additional information.
Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Assets
The following tables detail changes in valuation for the Level 3 assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Assets:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Residential loans
Residential loansConsolidated SLSTResidential loans held in securitization trusts
Residential Loans Held for Sale
Multi-family loansEquity investmentsAssets of disposal group held for sale
MSRs
IRLCs
Total
Balance at beginning of period$367,089 $1,199,383 $2,459,555 $— $74,999 $91,440 $500 $19,449 $— $4,212,415 
Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
— 
Included in earnings8,813 7,677 13,354 8,824 2,224 (1,582)— (1,099)(1,919)36,292 
Transfers in (1)
580 — — 145,748 — — — 141 4,302 150,771 
Transfers out (2)
(4,014)— (6,670)— — (33,759)— — — (44,443)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (3)
(442,741)— 442,741 — — — — — — — 
 Transfer from residential loans held for sale to residential loans
213,811 (213,811)
Paydowns/Distributions (4)
(41,743)(24,461)(280,146)(137)(8,576)(27,274)— 3,405 — (378,932)
Sales(121,221)— (6,945)(218,031)— — (500)— — (346,697)
Acquisitions
327,848 — 38,737 — — — — — — 366,585 
Originations
— — — 382,443 — — — — — 382,443 
Balance at the end of period$308,422 $1,182,599 $2,660,626 $105,036 $68,647 $28,825 $— $21,896 $2,383 $4,378,434 

(1)Transfers into Level 3 include residential loans, residential loans held for sale, MSRs and IRLCs consolidated by the Company following its acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in Constructive that were not previously owned by the Company on July 15, 2025 (see Note 24).
(2)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represent the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned assets and the consolidation of Constructive resulting from the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in Constructive that were not previously owned by the Company on July 15, 2025 (see Note 24)
(3)During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company transferred, on a net basis, certain residential loans into residential loan revolver securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).
(4)Includes in-kind distribution of MSRs received from the Company's Constructive equity investment prior to acquisition on July 15, 2025.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Residential loans
Residential loansConsolidated SLSTResidential loans held in securitization trustsMulti-family loansEquity investmentsTotal
Balance at beginning of period$667,218 $1,004,944 $1,831,029 $92,997 $142,915 $3,739,103 
Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings14,397 26,939 44,079 2,887 6,054 94,356 
Transfers out (1)
(25,064)— (1,513)— — (26,577)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)
(354,169)— 354,169 — — — 
Paydowns/Distributions(77,187)(23,300)(190,645)(8,270)(2,136)(301,538)
Sales(117,915)— — — — (117,915)
Acquisitions
593,575 — 30,587 — — 624,162 
Balance at the end of period$700,855 $1,008,583 $2,067,706 $87,614 $146,833 $4,011,591 

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned and the consolidation of Constructive resulting from the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in Constructive that were not previously owned by the Company on July 15, 2025 (see Note 24).
(2)During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company transferred, on a net basis, certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Residential loans
Residential loansConsolidated SLSTResidential loans held in securitization trusts
Residential Loans Held for Sale
Multi-family loansEquity investments
Assets of disposal group held for sale
MSRs
IRLCs
Total
Balance at beginning of period$632,266 $965,672 $2,243,800 $— $86,192 $113,492 $— $21,003 $— $4,062,425 
Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings15,592 35,429 50,338 8,824 7,447 580 — (2,653)(1,919)113,638 
Transfers in (1)
580 — — 145,748 — — — 141 4,302 150,771 
Transfers out (2)
(30,740)— (10,540)— — (33,759)— — — (75,039)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (3)
(1,127,837)— 1,127,837 — — — — — — — 
Transfer to disposal group held for sale— — — — — (500)500 — — — 
 Transfer from residential loans held for sale to residential loans
213,811 — — (213,811)— — — — — — 
Paydowns/Distributions (4)
(162,548)(65,907)(862,024)(137)(24,992)(50,988)— 3,405 — (1,163,191)
Sales(151,894)— (13,222)(218,031)— — (500)— — (383,647)
Acquisitions (5)
919,192 247,405 124,437 — — — — — — 1,291,034 
Originations
— — — 382,443 — — — — — 382,443 
Balance at the end of period$308,422 $1,182,599 $2,660,626 $105,036 $68,647 $28,825 $— $21,896 $2,383 $4,378,434 

(1)Transfers into Level 3 include residential loans, residential loans held for sale, MSRs and IRLCs consolidated by the Company following its acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in Constructive that were not previously owned by the Company on July 15, 2025 (see Note 24).
(2)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represent the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned assets and the consolidation of Constructive resulting from the Company's acquisition of the outstanding membership interests in Constructive that were not previously owned by the Company on July 15, 2025 (see Note 24).
(3)During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company transferred, on a net basis, certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).
(4)Includes in-kind distribution of MSRs received from the Company's Constructive equity investment prior to acquisition on July 15, 2025.
(5)During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company purchased a first loss subordinated security issued from a securitization that it determined to consolidate as Consolidated SLST. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of the securitization (see Note 7).
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Residential loans
Residential loansConsolidated SLSTResidential loans held in securitization trustsMulti-family loansEquity investmentsTotal
Balance at beginning of period$827,535 $754,860 $1,501,908 $95,792 $147,116 $3,327,211 
Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings15,554 24,250 38,841 3,404 10,124 92,173 
Transfers out (1)
(66,065)— (5,283)— — (71,348)
Transfer to securitization trust, net (2)
(987,452)— 987,452 — — — 
Paydowns/Distributions(223,643)(55,584)(521,018)(11,582)(10,407)(822,234)
Sales(143,125)— (6,708)— — (149,833)
Acquisitions (3)
1,278,051 285,057 72,514 — — 1,635,622 
Balance at the end of period$700,855 $1,008,583 $2,067,706 $87,614 $146,833 $4,011,591 

(1)Transfers out of Level 3 assets represents the transfer of residential loans to real estate owned, single-family rental properties and other assets.
(2)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company transferred, on a net basis, certain residential loans into residential loan securitizations (see Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's residential loan securitizations).
(3)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company purchased first loss subordinated securities issued from a securitization that it determined to consolidate as Consolidated SLST. As a result, the Company consolidated assets of the securitization (see Note 7).
Schedule of Changes in Valuation of Level 3 Liabilities
The following tables details change in valuation for the Level 3 liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

Level 3 Liabilities:
Consolidated SLST CDOs
 For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 20252024
Balance at beginning of period$1,031,897 $844,032 
Total losses/(gains) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings 6,284 20,638 
Paydowns(21,229)(18,859)
Balance at the end of period$1,016,952 $845,811 
Consolidated SLST CDOs
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20252024
Balance at beginning of period$811,591 $593,737 
Total losses/(gains) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings 25,992 20,498 
Acquisitions (1)
235,226 275,200 
Paydowns(55,857)(43,624)
Balance at the end of period$1,016,952 $845,811 


(1)During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company purchased first loss subordinated securities issued from securitizations that it determined to consolidate as Consolidated SLST. As a result, the Company consolidated liabilities of the securitizations (see Note 7).
Schedule of Quantitative Information Regarding Significant and Unobservable Inputs used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table discloses quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value (dollar amounts in thousands, except input values):

September 30, 2025Fair ValueValuation Technique Unobservable InputWeighted Average Range
Assets
Residential loans, residential loans held in securitization trusts and residential loans held for sale: (1)

$2,807,775Discounted cash flowLifetime CPR9.6%-47.0%
Lifetime CDR0.6%-33.7%
Loss severity13.2%0.2%-100.0%
Yield6.7%5.4%-45.9%
$106,622Liquidation modelAnnual home price appreciation/(depreciation)0.2%(1.5)%-7.1%
Liquidation timeline (months)16-54
Property value$2,020,758$30,000-$13,900,000
Yield8.3%5.9%-35.6%
$159,687
Transaction price
Non-binding investor price
N/A
Consolidated SLST (4)
$1,182,599Liability priceN/A
Total$4,256,683
Multi-family loans (1) (2)
$68,647Discounted cash flowDiscount rate12.1%11.0%-13.5%
Months to assumed redemption22
<1
-45
Loss severity
Equity investments (1)
$28,825Discounted cash flowDiscount rate16.2%15.0%-17.5%
Months to assumed redemption165-29
Loss severity
Mortgage servicing rights (1)
$21,896Discounted cash flow
Lifetime voluntary prepayment rate
10.3%0.3%-27.5%
Lifetime CDR2.2%-41.8%
Yield12.2%12.0%-14.0%
IRLCs (1)
$2,383
Internal valuation model
Pull-through rate79.4%78.8%-81.7%
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (3) (4)
$1,016,952Discounted cash flowYield5.2%4.4%-12.3%
Collateral prepayment rate6.1%2.7%-7.3%
Collateral default rate1.1%-18.4%
Loss severity15.4%0.3%-25.7%
(1)Weighted average amounts are calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the assets.
(2)As of September 30, 2025, the Company has reduced the fair value of one multi-family loan to zero as a result of developments with respect to the property, its financing and market conditions. Unobservable inputs do not include inputs related to this multi-family loan. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had one multi-family loan scheduled to redeem on October 3, 2025, which was repaid in full on the scheduled redemption date.
(3)In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 810, the Company determines the fair value of the residential loans held in Consolidated SLST based on the fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own, as the fair value of these instruments is more observable. At September 30, 2025, the fair value of investment securities we own in Consolidated SLST amounts to $158.8 million.
(4)Weighted average yield calculated based on the weighted average fair value of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own. Weighted average collateral prepayment rate, weighted average collateral default rate, and weighted average loss severity are calculated based on the weighted average unpaid balance of the CDOs issued by Consolidated SLST, including investment securities we own.
Schedule of Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table details the changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for our Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):

 For the Three Months Ended September 30,For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2025202420252024
Assets
Residential loans:
Residential loans (1)
$1,110 $2,305 $(3,557)$(3,768)
Consolidated SLST (1)
7,395 28,655 37,100 27,855 
Residential loans held in securitization trusts (1)
16,774 42,170 50,064 34,918 
Residential loans held for sale (1)
2,552 — 2,552 — 
Multi-family loans (1)
123 176 479 (4,613)
Equity investments (2)
(2,860)(1,097)(2,368)(7,677)
IRLCs
2,383 — 2,383 — 
Mortgage servicing rights (1)
(1,019)— (2,573)— 
Liabilities
Consolidated SLST CDOs (1)
(4,955)(21,902)(25,875)(20,596)

(1)Presented in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2)Presented in (loss) income from equity investments on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Schedule of Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of September 30, 2025 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Other VIEs
Financing VIEs
Consolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotal
Cash and cash equivalents$— $— $3,147 $3,147 
Residential loans, at fair value2,660,626 1,182,599 — 3,843,225 
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 469,764 469,764 
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)
— — 1,383 1,383 
Other assets140,124 4,648 16,251 161,023 
Total assets$2,800,750 $1,187,247 $490,545 $4,478,542 
Collateralized debt obligations ($3,202,295 at fair value and $375,164 at amortized cost, net)
$2,560,507 $1,016,952 $— $3,577,459 
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)
— — 362,747 362,747 
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)
— — 78 78 
Other liabilities20,157 10,127 10,563 40,847 
Total liabilities$2,580,664 $1,027,079 $373,388 $3,981,131 
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)
$— $— $13,713 $13,713 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)
$— $— $163 $163 
Net investment (6)
$220,086 $160,168 $103,281 $483,535 

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).
(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.
(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.
(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.
The following table presents a summary of the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests of the Company's securitizations, Consolidated SLST and Consolidated Real Estate VIEs as of December 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands). Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Other VIEs
Financing VIEsConsolidated SLSTConsolidated Real EstateTotal
Cash and cash equivalents$— $— $4,151 $4,151 
Residential loans, at fair value2,243,800 965,672 — 3,209,472 
Real estate, net held in Consolidated VIEs (1)
— — 481,161 481,161 
Assets of disposal group held for sale (2)
— — 118,613 118,613 
Other assets154,426 4,065 16,696 175,187 
Total assets$2,398,226 $969,737 $620,621 $3,988,584 
Collateralized debt obligations ($2,135,680 at fair value and $842,764 at amortized cost, net)
$2,166,853 $811,591 $— $2,978,444 
Mortgages payable on real estate, net in Consolidated VIEs (3)
— — 366,606 366,606 
Liabilities of disposal group held for sale (2)
— — 97,065 97,065 
Other liabilities16,162 8,313 10,621 35,096 
Total liabilities$2,183,015 $819,904 $474,292 $3,477,211 
Redeemable non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (4)
$— $— $12,359 $12,359 
Non-controlling interest in Consolidated VIEs (5)
$— $— $3,930 $3,930 
Net investment (6)
$215,211 $149,833 $130,040 $495,084 

(1)Included in real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Represents assets and liabilities, respectively, of certain Consolidated Real Estate VIEs included in disposal group held for sale (see Note 9).
(3)Included in mortgages payable on real estate, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(4)Represents redeemable third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs. See Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated VIEs below.
(5)Represents third-party ownership of membership interests in Consolidated Real Estate VIEs.
(6)The net investment amount is the maximum amount of the Company's investment that is at risk to loss and represents the difference between the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities held by VIEs, less non-controlling interests, if any.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollar amounts in thousands):
  September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 Fair Value
Hierarchy Level
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets:     
Cash and cash equivalentsLevel 1$185,285 $185,285 $167,422 $167,422 
Investment securities available for saleLevel 26,838,715 6,838,715 3,828,544 3,828,544 
Residential loansLevel 34,151,647 4,151,647 3,841,738 3,841,738 
Residential loans held for sale
Level 3
105,036 105,036 — — 
Multi-family loansLevel 368,647 68,647 86,192 86,192 
Equity investmentsLevel 328,825 28,825 113,492 113,492 
Derivative assetsLevel 2229 229 56 56 
IRLCs
Level 3
2,383 2,383 — — 
Derivative assets in disposal group held for saleLevel 2— — 67 67 
Mortgage servicing rights
Level 3
21,896 21,896 21,003 21,003 
Financial Liabilities:     
Repurchase agreementsLevel 26,481,072 6,481,072 4,012,225 4,012,225 
Collateralized debt obligations:
Residential loan securitizations at amortized cost, netLevel 3375,164 359,892 842,764 818,482 
Residential loan securitizations at fair value
Level 2
2,118,581 2,118,581 1,253,332 1,253,332 
Consolidated SLSTLevel 31,016,952 1,016,952 811,591 811,591 
Non-Agency RMBS re-securitizationLevel 266,762 66,762 70,757 70,757 
Subordinated debenturesLevel 345,000 40,108 45,000 38,918 
Derivative liabilities
Level 2121 121 — — 
Senior unsecured notes:
Senior unsecured notes at amortized cost, net
Level 299,275 98,957 98,886 98,632 
Senior unsecured notes at fair value
Level 2257,590 257,590 60,310 60,310 
Mortgages payable on real estateLevel 3362,747 354,629 366,606 347,915 
Mortgages payable on real estate in disposal group held for saleLevel 3— — 93,370 93,370