Restructuring and Impairment Activities

The Company incurred restructuring and impairment expenses of $41.3 million, $21.4 million and $14.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

In the Paper segment, restructuring and impairment expenses were $2.4 million, $17.9 million and $9.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. During 2013, restructuring and impairment expenses primarily included $1.6 million related to severance and early retirement expenses in the French operations for ongoing accruals over the remaining service lives of affected employees related to previously announced actions and terminating a third-party printing agreement in Europe. During 2012, expenses for the Paper segment were primarily related to the Company's amendment of a supply agreement with Philip Morris-USA, a subsidiary of Altria Group Inc. The amended agreement eliminated the Company's contractual commitment to stand ready to produce commercial quantities of banded cigarette paper even in the absence of firm orders. The Company considered these new terms to be a triggering event requiring evaluation of the recoverability of our Spotswood mill's banded cigarette paper production assets. Based on this analysis, which reflected management's assessment of the most likely future utilization of the mill, the Company in 2012 recorded a $16.9 million impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of these assets to their fair value.

The Reconstituted Tobacco segment restructuring and impairment expenses were $38.6 million, $4.1 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company recorded $37.2 million, $3.1 million, and $3.4 million of impairment expenses related to the Company's RTL facility in the Philippines. In January 2011, the Company learned of decreased RTL needs of a major customer and suspended construction of the RTL facility. The Company conducted an impairment analysis at each reporting period on the mothballed assets. At the end of 2013, the Company's estimates of near-term, cyclical RTL demand decreased such that cash flows from the potential restart of the facility were weighted less in management's assessment of the most likely future operation of the site. The 2013 charge reduces the carrying value of these assets, primarily construction-in-progress, to their fair value of $31.5 million.

Fair value of the RTL Philippines facility and the Spotswood, New Jersey mill was determined by using management's estimates of market participants' discounted future cash flows and independent appraisals of certain assets, both which are considered significant unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs. Management used significant judgment to develop assumptions, including forecasted sales volumes, allocation of certain overhead costs attributable to the Spotswood mill and weighted average cost of capital, based on historical and projected operational performance.

Remaining restructuring expense for the Reconstituted Tobacco segment for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 related to severance and early retirement expenses in the French operations for ongoing accruals over the remaining service lives of affected employees related to previously announced actions.

Restructuring liabilities were classified within Accrued expenses in each of the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. Changes in the restructuring liabilities, substantially all of which are employee-related, are summarized as follows ($ in millions):



	2013			2012
Balance at beginning of year	$	3.4		$	7.3
Accruals for announced programs	3.9			2.6
Cash payments	(2.7		)	(6.4		)
Exchange rate impacts	0.1			(0.1		)
Balance at end of period	$	4.7		$	3.4