10-Q 1 ospn-20180630x10q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number 000‑24389

OneSpan Inc.
(formerly VASCO Data Security International, Inc.)

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

DELAWARE | 36‑4169320
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

121 West Wacker Drive, Suite 2050

Chicago, Illinois 60601

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

(312) 766‑4001

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer ,a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐
|  | Smaller reporting company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). ◻ Yes ☒ No

There were 40,225,615 shares of Common Stock, $.001 par value per share, outstanding at July 31, 2018.

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OneSpan Inc.

Form 10‑Q

For The Quarter Ended June 30, 2018

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 38
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 5. | Other Information | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 40
SIGNATURES | 41

This report contains trademarks of OneSpan Inc. and its subsidiaries, which include OneSpan, the OneSpan “O” design, DIGIPASS, VACMAN, IDENTIKEY, Cronto, OneSpan Sign, and Dealflo.

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OneSpan Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

|  | June 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and equivalents |  | $ | 101,432 |  | $ | 78,661
Short term investments |  |  | — |  |  | 79,733
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $696 in 2018 and $520 in 2017 |  |  | 41,704 |  |  | 48,126
Inventories, net |  |  | 14,454 |  |  | 12,040
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 6,329 |  |  | 3,876
Contract assets |  |  | 4,915 |  |  | —
Other current assets |  |  | 7,978 |  |  | 5,501
Total current assets |  |  | 176,812 |  |  | 227,937
Property and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 7,730 |  |  | 5,655
Office equipment |  |  | 10,384 |  |  | 13,084
Total Property and equipment: |  |  | 18,114 |  |  | 18,739
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (11,533) |  |  | (13,963)
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 6,581 |  |  | 4,776
Goodwill |  |  | 95,456 |  |  | 56,332
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization |  |  | 49,138 |  |  | 37,888
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 4,922 |  |  | 5,460
Contract assets - non-current |  |  | 7,534 |  |  | —
Other assets |  |  | 6,649 |  |  | 5,229
Total assets |  | $ | 347,092 |  | $ | 337,622
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 6,520 |  | $ | 8,144
Deferred revenue |  |  | 30,675 |  |  | 33,295
Accrued wages and payroll taxes |  |  | 10,837 |  |  | 11,643
Short-term income taxes payable |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 3,673
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 10,680 |  |  | 7,746
Deferred compensation |  |  | 583 |  |  | 1,652
Total current liabilities |  |  | 60,894 |  |  | 66,153
Long-term deferred revenue |  |  | 6,947 |  |  | 7,019
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 7,556 |  |  | 5,919
Long-term income taxes payable |  |  | 11,648 |  |  | 12,848
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 9,131 |  |  | 7,753
Total liabilities |  |  | 96,176 |  |  | 99,692
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock: $.001 par value per share, 75,000 shares authorized; 40,233 and 40,086 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 92,115 |  |  | 90,307
Accumulated income |  |  | 169,317 |  |  | 156,151
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10,556) |  |  | (8,568)
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 250,916 |  |  | 237,930
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 347,092 |  | $ | 337,622

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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OneSpan Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

|  | Three months ended |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | $ | 34,986 |  | $ | 34,472 |  | $ | 68,480 |  | $ | 66,032 |
Services and other |  |  | 14,568 |  |  | 11,222 |  |  | 26,506 |  |  | 21,626 |
Total revenue |  |  | 49,554 |  |  | 45,694 |  |  | 94,986 |  |  | 87,658 |
Cost of goods sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  |  | 10,391 |  |  | 11,045 |  |  | 18,576 |  |  | 20,585 |
Services and other |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | 2,601 |  |  | 5,732 |  |  | 5,113 |
Total cost of goods sold |  |  | 13,573 |  |  | 13,646 |  |  | 24,308 |  |  | 25,698 |
Gross profit |  |  | 35,981 |  |  | 32,048 |  |  | 70,678 |  |  | 61,960 |
Operating costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 16,622 |  |  | 15,339 |  |  | 30,899 |  |  | 29,043 |
Research and development |  |  | 8,016 |  |  | 6,320 |  |  | 13,813 |  |  | 12,176 |
General and administrative |  |  | 11,210 |  |  | 8,588 |  |  | 21,984 |  |  | 16,441 |
Amortization / impairment of intangible assets |  |  | 2,744 |  |  | 2,201 |  |  | 4,945 |  |  | 4,399 |
Total operating costs |  |  | 38,592 |  |  | 32,448 |  |  | 71,641 |  |  | 62,059 |
Operating loss |  |  | (2,611) |  |  | (400) |  |  | (963) |  |  | (99) |
Interest income, net |  |  | 340 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 630 |
Other income, net |  |  | 1,399 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | 588 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (872) |  |  | 313 |  |  | 1,549 |  |  | 1,119 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 130 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 759 |  |  | 436 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,002) |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | 683 |
Net income (loss) per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.03) |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.03) |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 39,908 |  |  | 39,797 |  |  | 39,902 |  |  | 39,783 |
Diluted |  |  | 39,908 |  |  | 39,842 |  |  | 40,015 |  |  | 39,843 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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OneSpan Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

|  | Three months ended |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,002) |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | 683 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation adjustment, net |  |  | (3,339) |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | (2,021) |  |  | 2,430 |
Pension adjustment, net |  |  | 22 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 11 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (4,319) |  | $ | 1,902 |  | $ | (1,197) |  | $ | 3,124 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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OneSpan Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

|  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | 683 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment of intangible assets |  |  | 6,020 |  |  | 5,258 |
Gain on disposal of assets |  |  | (49) |  |  | — |
Deferred tax benefit |  |  | (13) |  |  | (1,134) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1,809 |  |  | 1,076 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 7,181 |  |  | 9,560 |
Inventories, net |  |  | (2,414) |  |  | (255) |
Contract assets |  |  | (4,282) |  |  | — |
Accounts payable |  |  | (2,195) |  |  | (748) |
Income taxes payable |  |  | (5,946) |  |  | (2,740) |
Accrued expenses |  |  | (347) |  |  | (435) |
Deferred compensation |  |  | (1,069) |  |  | (906) |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 3,468 |  |  | 1,682 |
Other assets and liabilities |  |  | (3,599) |  |  | (75) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (646) |  |  | 11,966 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of short term investments |  |  | — |  |  | (99,459) |
Maturities of short term investments |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 95,000 |
Purchase of Dealflo, net of cash acquired |  |  | (53,065) |  |  | — |
Additions to property and equipment |  |  | (3,016) |  |  | (716) |
Other |  |  | — |  |  | (40) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 23,919 |  |  | (5,215) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax payments for restricted stock issuances |  |  | (233) |  |  | (199) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (233) |  |  | (199) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (269) |  |  | 505 |
Net increase in cash |  |  | 22,771 |  |  | 7,057 |
Cash and equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 78,661 |  |  | 49,345 |
Cash and equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 101,432 |  | $ | 56,402 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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OneSpan Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(All amounts are in thousands, unless otherwise noted, and per share data)

(unaudited)

Unless otherwise noted, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “OneSpan,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” refer to OneSpan Inc and its subsidiaries.

Note 1 – Description of the Company and Basis of Presentation

Description of the Company

Effective May 30, 2018, VASCO Data Security International, Inc. changed its name to OneSpan Inc. The Company believes that the name change reflects a shift in its strategy and solution offering.

OneSpan and its wholly owned subsidiaries design, develop, market and support hardware and software security systems that manage and secure access to information assets. The Company has operations in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, The Netherlands, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States (“U.S.”).

Our operations are reported as a single operating segment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OneSpan and its subsidiaries and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for a full year.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts from prior year have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The financial position and results of the operations of the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars using current exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Translation adjustments arising from differences in exchange rates are

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charged or credited to other comprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations in other income, net.

The financial position and results of our operations in Singapore, Switzerland, and certain operations in Canada are measured in U.S. Dollars. For these subsidiaries, gains and losses that result from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations in other income, net.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, foreign currency transactions resulted in net losses of $257 and $47, respectively, compared to net losses of $23 and $47 for the same periods in 2017.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, or “Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under FASB ASC Topic 605 “Revenue Recognition” and FASB ASC Topic 985-605 “Software-Revenue Recognition” (“Topic 605”). We recorded a net increase to opening Accumulated Income of $11.9 million, net of tax, as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to the accounting impacts of our customer contracts that include a term license to our software, as well as the impact of accounting for costs incurred to obtain our contracts. The net impact to revenues as a result of applying Topic 606 was a decrease of $0.7 million and an increase of $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. See Note 4 - Revenue for further details.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

| · |  | Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

| · |  | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

| · |  | Determination of the transaction price;

| · |  | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

| · |  | Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services, which excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are in included in cost of goods sold.

Nature of Goods and Services

We derive our revenues primarily from Product and License Revenue, which includes hardware products and software licenses, and Services and Other, which is inclusive of software-as-a-service (which we refer to as “subscription”), maintenance and support, and professional services.

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Product Revenue: Revenue from the sale of security hardware is recorded upon shipment, which is the point at which control of the goods are transferred and the completion of performance obligation, unless there are specific terms that would suggest control is transferred at a later date (e.g. delivery). No significant obligations or contingencies typically exist with regard to delivery, customer acceptance or rights of return at the time revenue is recognized. Customer payments normally correspond with delivery.

License Revenue: Revenue from the sale of software licensing is recorded upon the latter of when the customer receives the ability to access the software or when they are legally allowed to use the software. No significant obligations or contingencies exist with regard to delivery, customer acceptance or rights of return at the time revenue is recognized. Contracts with customers for distinct licenses of intellectual property include perpetual licenses, which grant the customer unlimited access to the software, and term licenses which limit the customer’s access to the software. The typical term license length is 3 years. Customer payments normally correspond with delivery for perpetual licenses. For term licenses, payments are either on installment or in advance. In limited circumstances, we integrate third party software solutions into our software products. We have determined that, consistent with our conclusion under prior revenue recognition rules, we act as the principal with respect to the satisfaction of the related performance obligation and record the corresponding revenue on a gross basis from these transactions. The fees paid to the third parties are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold when the revenue is recognized.

Subscription Revenue: We generate subscription revenues from our cloud services offerings. Subscription revenues mostly include fees from customers for access to the OneSpan Sign (formerly eSignLive) suite of solutions. Our standard customer arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time. As such, these arrangements are considered service contracts and revenue is recognized ratably over the service period of the contract. Customer payments are normally in advance for annual service.

Maintenance and Support and Other: Maintenance and support agreements generally call for us to provide software updates and technical support, respectively, to customers. Revenue on maintenance and technical support is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance and support agreement. Customer payments are normally in advance for annual service.

Professional Services: We provide professional services to our customers. Revenue from such services is recognized during the period in which the services are performed. Payments vary, but normally occur on a time and materials basis.

Significant Judgments

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Certain arrangements may involve a significant level of configuration. Judgment is required to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the other performance obligations and recognized over time.

Judgment is required to determine the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount that needs to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, and when we sell at a highly variable price range, such as for software licenses and for subscriptions, we determine the SSP for those performance obligations using the residual method.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents are high-quality short term money market instruments and commercial paper, with original maturities of three months or less. Cash is held by a number of U.S. and non-U.S. commercial banks and money market investment funds.

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Short Term Investments

Short term investments are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Short term investments consist of bank certificates of deposit and high quality commercial paper with original maturities of more than three and less than twelve months.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The creditworthiness of customers (including distributors and resellers) is reviewed prior to shipment. A reasonable assurance of collection is a requirement for revenue recognition. Verification of credit and/or the establishment of credit limits are part of the customer contract administration process. Credit limit adjustments for existing customers may result from the periodic review of outstanding accounts receivable. The Company records trade accounts receivable at invoice values, which are generally equal to fair value.

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make payments for goods and services. We analyze accounts receivable balances, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment timing when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is based on a specific review of all significant past-due accounts. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Inventories, net

Inventories, consisting principally of hardware and component parts, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method. We write down inventory when it appears that the carrying cost of the inventory may not be recovered through subsequent sale of the inventory. We analyze the quantity of inventory on hand, the quantity sold in the past year, the anticipated sales volume in the form of sales to new customers as well as sales to previous customers, the expected sales price and the cost of making the sale when evaluating the valuation of our inventory. If the sales volume or sales price of a specific model declines significantly, additional write downs may be required.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation was $0.5 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from three to seven years. Additions and improvements are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains or losses resulting from sales, disposals, or retirements are recorded as incurred, at which time related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts.

Long Term Investments

Included in Other Assets is a minority equity investment in a company we believe may be beneficial in executing our strategy. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, investments were $4,072 and $4,361, respectively. In accordance with ASC 325, Investments - Other, the investments are recorded at fair value using the alternative measurement method allowed for in ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01), and are evaluated for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2017, long term investments included an equity investment in Dealflo Limited of $288. See Note 3 – Business Acquisitions for additional detail.

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Cost of Goods Sold

Included in product and license cost of goods sold are direct product costs. Cost of goods sold related to service revenues are primarily costs related to subscription solutions, including personnel and equipment costs, and personnel costs of employees providing professional services and maintenance and support.

Research and Development Costs

Costs for research and development, principally the design and development of hardware, and the design and development of software prior to the determination of technological feasibility, are expensed as incurred on a project-by-project basis.

Software Development Costs

We capitalize software development costs in accordance with ASC 985‑20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed. Research costs and software development costs, prior to the establishment of technological feasibility, determined based upon the creation of a working model, are expensed as incurred. Our software capitalization policy defines technological feasibility as a functioning beta test prototype with confirmed manufacturability (a working model), within a reasonably predictable range of costs. Additional criteria include receptive customers, or potential customers, as evidenced by interest expressed in a beta test prototype, at some suggested selling price. Our policy is to amortize capitalized costs by the greater of (a) the ratio that current gross revenue for a product bears to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenue for that product or (b) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, generally two to five years, including the period being reported on. No material software development costs were capitalized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net primarily includes exchange gains (losses) on transactions that are denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies, subsidies received from foreign governments in support of our research and development in those countries and other miscellaneous non-operational expenses. The Company recognized a $1.2 million government subsidy from a foreign government in support of our advancement of authentication technology in other income, net on the statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Income Taxes

As a global company, we calculate and provide for income taxes in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. The provision for income taxes includes the amounts payable or refundable for the current year, the effect of deferred taxes and impacts from uncertain tax positions. Our provision for income taxes is significantly affected by shifts in the geographic mix of our pre-tax earnings across tax jurisdictions, changes in tax laws and regulations, and tax planning opportunities available in each tax jurisdiction.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of our assets and liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that will apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. We recognize the effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities and in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize tax benefits for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in our income tax returns that

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do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Assumptions, judgments, and the use of estimates are required in determining whether the “more likely than not” standard has been meet when developing the provision for income taxes.

See Note 8 – Income Taxes discussing 2017 U.S. tax reform and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") issued by the SEC.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, our financial instruments were cash and equivalents, short term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The estimated fair value of our financial instruments has been determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies, as defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. The fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying amounts at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Accounting for Leases

All of our leases are operating leases. Rent expense on facility leases is charged evenly over the life of the lease, regardless of the timing of actual payments. We relocated one of our principal executive offices from Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, and recognized $0.3 million of lease exit costs in general and administrative expense on the statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Intangible assets arising from business combinations such as acquired technology, customer relationships, and other intangible assets, are originally recorded at fair value. Intangible assets other than patents with definite lives are amortized over the useful life, generally three to seven years for proprietary technology and five to twelve years for customer relationships. Patents are amortized over the life of the patent, generally 20 years in the U.S.

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. We assess the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives each November 30 or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company’s impairment assessment begins with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment includes comparing the overall financial performance of the reporting unit against the planned results used in the last quantitative goodwill impairment test. Additionally, the reporting unit’s fair value is assessed in light of certain events and circumstances, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, and other relevant entity- and reporting unit specific events. The selection and assessment of qualitative factors used to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value involves significant judgments and estimates. If it is determined under the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then a two-step quantitative impairment test is performed. Under the first step, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the enterprise must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation in acquisition accounting. The residual amount after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Fair value of the reporting unit under the two-step assessment is determined using a combination of both income and market-based variation approaches. The inputs and assumptions to valuation methods used to estimate the fair value of reporting units involves significant judgments.

We operate in one reporting unit and have had no goodwill impairment recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Stock-Based Compensation

We have stock-based employee compensation plans, described in Note 9 – Long-Term Compensation Plan and Stock Based Compensation. ASC 718‑10, Stock Compensation requires us to estimate the fair value of restricted stock granted to employees, directors and others and to record compensation expense equal to the estimated fair value. Compensation expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for time-based awards and on a graded basis for performance-based awards. Forfeitures are recorded as incurred.

Retirement Benefits

We record annual expenses relating to our defined benefit pension plans based on calculations which include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed asset rates of return, compensation increases, and turnover rates. We review our actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends. The effects of gains, losses, and prior service costs and credits are amortized over the average service life. The funded status, or projected benefit obligation less plan assets, for each plan, is reflected in our consolidated balance sheets using a December 31 measurement date.

Warranty

Warranties are provided on the sale of certain of our products and an accrual for estimated future claims is recorded at the time revenue is recognized. We estimate the cost based on past claims experience, sales history and other considerations. We regularly assess the adequacy of our estimates and adjust the amounts as necessary. Our standard practice is to provide a warranty on our hardware products for either a one or two year period after the date of purchase. Customers may purchase extended warranties covering periods from one to four years after the standard warranty period. We defer the revenue associated with the extended warranty and recognize it into income on a straight-line basis over the extended warranty period. We have historically experienced minimal actual claims over the warranty period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01, which revises the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities. ASU 2016-01 requires that equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, be measured at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in net income. ASU 2016-01 also provides a new measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value (cost method investments). These investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, adjusted for observable price changes. Effective January 1, 2018, we elected to record our equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value using the alternative measurement method. Accordingly upon adoption, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to increase opening accumulated income at January 1, 2018 by $457, net of tax, as required for our equity investments with no readily determinable fair value to reflect these investments at approximate fair value.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases, and creates a new topic, ASC Topic 842, Leases. Since that date, the FASB has issued additional ASUs clarifying certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. The guidance requires a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its rights to use the underlying asset for the lease term for both finance and operating leases. While the Company is currently assessing the impact ASU No. 2016-02, and the additional ASUs issued will have on its consolidated financial statements, the Company expects the primary impact upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of its minimum commitments under non-cancellable operating leases on its consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations. The Company plans to adopt the standard effective January 1, 2019, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (Topic 230). This ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, and cash equivalents, including amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents

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when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Adoption is required on a retrospective transition basis. The Company does not have any restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (ASC 230) – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This guidance clarifies eight specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis; however, the impact was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. The new guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for intercompany asset transfers. The core principle requires an entity to immediately recognize the tax consequences of intercompany asset transfers. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis. The impact was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This standard changes the definition of a business by requiring that at least one substantive process exist in the acquired entity. It also states that if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. We adopted the standard on January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge (i.e. Step 2 of the current guidance), instead measuring the impairment charge as the excess of the reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value (i.e. Step 1 of the current guidance). The guidance is effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2020, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted for impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the effect, if any, that the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (ASC 715) - Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Costs and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new guidance will improve the presentation of pension cost by providing additional guidance on the presentation of net benefit cost in the income statement and on the components eligible for capitalization in assets. The core principle of the ASU is to provide more transparency in the presentation of these costs by requiring the service cost component to be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. The amendments require that the Consolidated Statements of Income impacts be applied retrospectively, while Balance Sheet changes should be applied prospectively. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the newly issued ASU as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

We adopted Accounting Standard Update, or ASU, 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, in the first quarter of 2018. The ASU allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects on items resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the 2017 Tax Act, from accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI, to retained earnings. Tax effects unrelated to the 2017 Tax Act are released from AOCI using either the specific identification approach or the portfolio approach based on the nature of the underlying item. We elected not to reclassify the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act.

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In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. The ASU adds various Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of the December 2017 SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”) (“Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”), which was effective immediately. The SEC issued SAB 118 to address concerns about reporting entities’ ability to timely comply with the accounting requirements to recognize all of the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the period of enactment. SAB 118 allows disclosure that timely determination of some or all of the income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are incomplete by the due date of the financial statements and if possible to provide a reasonable estimate. We have accounted for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act under the guidance of SAB 118, on a provisional basis. Our accounting for certain income tax effects is incomplete, but we have determined reasonable estimates for those effects and have recorded provisional amounts in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee share-based payment accounting, which is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of accounting for, and improve financial reporting for share-based payments to nonemployees for goods and services. The ASU is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The guidance should be applied prospectively and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect, if any, that the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3 – Business Acquisitions

On May 30, 2018, OneSpan acquired the remaining interest in Dealflo Limited and its subsidiaries (“Dealflo”), increasing our ownership percentage to 100% from 1%. Dealflo, formerly a privately-held company based in the United Kingdom, provides identity verification and end-to-end financial agreement solutions. Upon acquisition, Dealflo became a wholly-owned subsidiary of OneSpan.

Dealflo’s total purchase price consideration was $53.9 million, net of $5.7 million of cash acquired. The total purchase price consideration includes $53.1 million of cash paid to acquire the remaining 99% interest in Dealflo, as well as $0.8 million of fair value of our previous 1% ownership interest. At December 31, 2017, the book value of this ownership interest was $0.3 million. As described in Note 2, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, the book value of this ownership interest was increased by $0.5 million to record the equity investment at $0.8 million within our consolidated financial statements.

The acquisition is accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at their fair values on the acquisition date. The values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary estimates of fair value available as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and may be adjusted during the measurement period of up to 12 months from the date of acquisition as further information becomes available. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill. As of June 30, 2018, the primary areas that are not yet finalized due to information that we are still in the process of obtaining include the fair values of acquired intangible assets and related deferred tax liabilities, and assumed deferred revenue.

The following table summarizes our preliminary allocation of the purchase price consideration based on the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (net of cash acquired), all of which are preliminary pending completion of the final valuation:

|  |  | Total
|  |  | (in thousands)
| Acquired tangible assets |  | $ | 1,873
| Acquired intangible assets |  |  | 16,100
| Liabilities assumed |  |  | (4,036)
| Goodwill |  |  | 39,917
| Total purchase price consideration |  | $ | 53,854

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The excess of purchase consideration over net assets assumed was recorded as goodwill, which represents the strategic value assigned to Dealflo, including expected benefits from synergies resulting from the acquisition, as well as the knowledge and experience of the workforce in place. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, goodwill is not amortized and will be tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently, if certain indicators are present. Goodwill and intangible assets related to this acquisition are not deductible for foreign tax purposes.

Based on the preliminary results of the acquisition valuation, approximately $16.1 million of the purchase price consideration has been allocated to identifiable intangible assets. The following table summarizes the major classes of intangible assets, as well as the estimated weighted-average amortization periods:

|  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Estimated Weighted Average Amortization Period
Identifiable Intangible Assets |  | (in thousands) |  | (Years)
Customer relationships | $ | 10,000 |  | 7
Technology |  | 5,900 |  | 4
Trademarks |  | 200 |  | 3
| $ | 16,100 |  |

The results of operations of Dealflo subsequent to the acquisition date have been included in the consolidated statements of operations. Dealflo revenue and net income (loss) included in the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were $558 and $(821), respectively.

The acquisition related costs directly attributable to the business combination of $1.1 million, including professional fees, and other direct expenses, were expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following presents the unaudited pro forma combined results of operations of the Company with Dealflo for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, assuming that Dealflo was acquired at the beginning of 2017, and after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. Pro forma adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2018 reflect estimated amortization expense for intangible assets purchased of $1,488, the elimination of $250 of revenue related to intercompany transactions, and the elimination of $1,087 of non-recurring acquisition-related costs. Pro forma adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2017 reflect estimated amortization expense for intangible assets purchased of $1,488, the addition of $1,087 of non-recurring acquisition-related costs, the elimination of $250 of revenue related to intercompany transactions, and a $593 reduction of revenue to reflect the estimated fair value adjustment of acquired deferred revenue.

These unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the actual consolidated results of operations had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2017 or of future results of operations of the consolidated entities (in thousands except per share data):

|  | Six months ended
|  | June 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenue |  | $ | 98,922 |  | $ | 89,952
Net loss |  |  | (3,335) |  |  | (4,174)
Basic net loss per share |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (0.10)
Diluted net loss per share |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (0.10)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share |  |  | 39,902 |  |  | 39,783

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Note 4 – Revenue

As described in Note 2, the Company adopted Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers on January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition as detailed below.

The Company applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method under which the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 is an adjustment to the opening balance of Accumulated Income at January 1, 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605. The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are set out below.

Term Licenses

For revenues generated from arrangements that included term licenses to our software, the Company previously recognized revenue ratably over the term of the contract when VSOE did not exist for all undelivered elements. Under Topic 606, these licenses are considered licenses of functional intellectual property, which requires recognition at the point in time all of the revenue recognition criteria per Topic 606 are met, which for the Company is generally when the customer is provided access to the software and the license term has commenced. We have established a stand-alone selling price (SSP) for all other performance obligations in the contract. Accordingly, the Company now recognizes revenue from these licenses, based on the residual approach due to highly variable pricing, at the beginning of the license period and recognizes the transaction price allocated to the other performance obligations in the contract (typically maintenance and support) over the period in which those performance obligations are satisfied. This is consistent with the method of recognizing revenue for perpetual licenses of intellectual property. Fees paid to third party software providers in term license arrangements are now recognized under Topic 606 when the term license revenues are recognized.

Sales Commissions

The Company incurs incremental costs related to commissions, which can be directly tied to obtaining a contract. For commissions earned by sales personnel, the Company previously recognized these amounts when they were earned by the employees. As a result of adopting Topic 606, the Company now capitalizes commissions associated with new customers and amortizes the costs over a period in which the Company is expected to benefit, which can be up to seven years. The amortization is reflected in Sales and Marketing in the statement of operations. For certain contracts, any commission that is subject to a service period, such as employment, is expensed as incurred within Sales and Marketing in the statement of operations.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by major products and services, geographical region and timing of revenue recognition.

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Revenue by major products and services

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017* |  | 2018 |  | 2017*
Hardware products |  | $ | 24,576 |  | $ | 25,256 |  | $ | 42,067 |  | $ | 47,000
Software licenses |  |  | 10,410 |  |  | 9,216 |  |  | 26,413 |  |  | 19,032
Subscription |  |  | 3,818 |  |  | 2,496 |  |  | 6,788 |  |  | 4,611
Professional services |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | 2,121 |  |  | 2,031
Maintenance, support and other |  |  | 9,593 |  |  | 7,656 |  |  | 17,597 |  |  | 14,984
Total Revenue |  | $ | 49,554 |  | $ | 45,694 |  | $ | 94,986 |  | $ | 87,658

Revenue by location of customer for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

|  | EMEA |  | Americas |  | APAC |  | Total |
Total Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 21,481 |  | $ | 13,270 |  | $ | 14,803 |  | $ | 49,554 |
2017* |  | $ | 21,726 |  | $ | 11,416 |  | $ | 12,552 |  | $ | 45,694 |
Percent of Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  | 43 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 30 | % |  | 100 | %
2017* |  |  | 48 | % |  | 25 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 100 | %

Revenue by location of customer for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

|  | EMEA |  | Americas |  | APAC |  | Total |
Total Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 39,867 |  | $ | 29,191 |  | $ | 25,928 |  | $ | 94,986 |
2017* |  | $ | 40,096 |  | $ | 23,540 |  | $ | 24,022 |  | $ | 87,658 |
Percent of Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  | 42 | % |  | 31 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 100 | %
2017* |  |  | 46 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 100 | %

* Prior period amounts are presented under ASC 605 and ASC 985-605

Timing of revenue recognition

| Three months ended |  | Six months ended
| June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
Products and Licenses transferred at a point in time | $ | 34,986 |  | $ | 68,480
Services transferred over time |  | 14,568 |  |  | 26,506
Total Revenue | $ | 49,554 |  | $ | 94,986

Impacts on Financial Statements

The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Balance Sheet

|  | June 30, 2018
|  | As Reported |  | Adjustments |  | Balances without the adoption of Topic 606
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |  | $ | 41,704 |  | $ | (266) |  | $ | 41,438
Contract asset |  |  | 4,915 |  |  | (4,915) |  |  | -
Other current assets |  |  | 7,978 |  |  | (59) |  |  | 7,919
Total current assets |  |  | 176,812 |  |  | (5,240) |  |  | 171,572
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 4,922 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 5,429
Contract asset - non-current |  |  | 7,534 |  |  | (7,534) |  |  | —
Other assets |  |  | 6,649 |  |  | (150) |  |  | 6,499
Total assets |  | $ | 347,092 |  | $ | (12,417) |  | $ | 334,675
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  | $ | 30,675 |  | $ | 2,820 |  | $ | 33,495
Short-term income taxes payable |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | (2,689) |  |  | (1,090)
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 10,680 |  |  | (116) |  |  | 10,564
Total current liabilities |  |  | 60,894 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 60,909
Deferred revenue - non-current |  |  | 6,947 |  |  | 1,751 |  |  | 8,698
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 9,131 |  |  | (424) |  |  | 8,707
Total liabilities |  |  | 96,176 |  |  | 1,342 |  |  | 97,518
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated income |  |  | 169,317 |  |  | (13,759) |  |  | 155,558
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 250,916 |  |  | (13,759) |  |  | 237,157
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 347,092 |  | $ | (12,417) |  | $ | 334,675

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Statement of Operations

|  | Three months ended June 30, 2018 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2018
|  | As Reported |  | Adjustments |  | Balances without the adoption of Topic 606 |  | As Reported |  | Adjustments |  | Balances without the adoption of Topic 606
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | $ | 34,986 |  | $ | 2,372 |  | $ | 37,358 |  | $ | 68,480 |  | $ | (75) |  | $ | 68,405
Services and other |  |  | 14,568 |  |  | (1,693) |  |  | 12,875 |  |  | 26,506 |  |  | (2,391) |  |  | 24,115
Total revenue |  |  | 49,554 |  |  | 679 |  |  | 50,233 |  |  | 94,986 |  |  | (2,466) |  |  | 92,520
Cost of goods sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  |  | 10,391 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 10,532 |  |  | 18,576 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 19,110
Services and other |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | 5,732 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,732
Total Cost of goods sold |  |  | 13,573 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 13,714 |  |  | 24,308 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 24,842
Gross profit |  |  | 35,981 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 36,519 |  |  | 70,678 |  |  | (3,000) |  |  | 67,678
Operating Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 16,622 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 16,847 |  |  | 30,899 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 31,506
Total operating costs |  |  | 38,592 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 38,817 |  |  | 71,641 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 72,248
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (2,611) |  |  | 313 |  |  | (2,298) |  |  | (963) |  |  | (3,607) |  |  | (4,570)
Income before taxes |  |  | (872) |  |  | 313 |  |  | (559) |  |  | 1,549 |  |  | (3,607) |  |  | (2,058)
Provision for income tax |  |  | 130 |  |  | (748) |  |  | (618) |  |  | 759 |  |  | (1,767) |  |  | (1,008)
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,002) |  | $ | 1,061 |  | $ | 59 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | (1,840) |  | $ | (1,050)
Basic EPS |  | $ | (0.03) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.03)
Diluted EPS |  | $ | (0.03) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.03)

The adoption of Topic 606 did not impact total operating, investing or financing cash flows in the statement of cash flows.

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

|  |  |  |  |  | January 1, |  | June 30,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2018 |  | 2018
Receivables, inclusive of trade and unbilled |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 48,217 |  | $ | 41,704
Contract Assets (current and non-current) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,167 |  | $ | 12,449
Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenue current and non-current) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 33,752 |  | $ | 37,622

Contract assets relate primarily to multi-year term license arrangements and the remaining contractual billings. These contract assets are transferred to receivables when the right to billing occurs, which is normally over 3-5 years. The contract liabilities primarily relate to the advance consideration received from customers for subscription and maintenance services. Revenue is recognized for these services over time.

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As a practical expedient, we do not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect, at contract inception, that the period between our transfer of a promised product or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that product or service will be one year or less. We do not typically include extended payment terms in our contracts with customers.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company’s contract asset balances increased approximately $4.3 million, primarily due to new term contracts exceeding billings during the period, partially offset by transfers to accounts receivable. Deferred Revenue increased in the same period due to advanced payments from annual renewals, offset by a decrease of approximately $20.0 million associated with revenue recognized, additionally there was an increase in deferred revenue of $1.3 million from the Dealflo acquisition.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period.

|  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | Beyond 2020 |  | Total
Future revenue related to current unsatisfied performance obligations |  | $ | 5,330 |  | $ | 7,100 |  | $ | 4,466 |  | $ | 6,101 |  | $ | 22,997

The Company applies practical expedients and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations a) that have original expected durations of one year or less, or b) where revenue is recognized as invoiced.

Costs of obtaining a contract

The Company incurs incremental costs related to commissions, which can be directly tied to obtaining a contract. Under Topic 606, the Company capitalizes commissions associated with certain new contracts and amortizes the costs over a period of benefit based on the transfer of goods or services that we have determined to be up to seven years. The Amortization is reflected in Sales and Marketing in the Statement of Operations. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts, our technology and other factors, including customer attrition. Commissions are payable upon receipt of payment by the customer and requires the employee to be a current employee. For contracts with multiple year payment terms, as the commissions that are payable after year 1 are payable based on continue employment, they are expensed when incurred. Commissions and amortization expense is included in Sales and Marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Applying the practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period for the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in Sales and Marketing expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

The following tables provides information related to the capitalized costs and amortization recognized in the period:

in thousands |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2018
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts, current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 303
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts, non-current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,733
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended
in thousands |  |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain contracts |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | 125
Impairments of capitalized costs to obtain contracts |  |  |  |  |  | $ | - |  | $ | -

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Note 5 – Inventories, net

Inventories, net, consisting principally of hardware and component parts, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the FIFO method.

Inventories, net are comprised of the following:

|  | June 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Component parts |  | $ | 4,827 |  | $ | 4,691
Work-in-process and finished goods |  |  | 9,627 |  |  | 7,349
Total |  | $ | 14,454 |  | $ | 12,040

Note 6 – Goodwill

Goodwill activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 consisted of the following:

Net balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 56,332
Additions |  |  | 39,917
Net foreign currency translation |  |  | (793)
Net balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 95,456

Certain portions of goodwill are denominated in local currencies and are subject to currency fluctuations. No impairment of goodwill was recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 or June 30, 2017.

Note 7 – Intangible Assets

Intangible asset activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is detailed in the following table.

|  | Acquired Technology |  | Customer Relationships |  | Other |  | Total Intangible Assets
Net balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 6,946 |  | $ | 22,544 |  | $ | 8,398 |  | $ | 37,888
Additions-Acquisition |  |  | 5,858 |  |  | 10,051 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 16,108
Additions-Other |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | 86
Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (478) |  |  | (478)
Net foreign currency translation |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1
Amortization expense |  |  | (2,035) |  |  | (1,212) |  |  | (1,220) |  |  | (4,467)
Net balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 10,768 |  | $ | 31,385 |  | $ | 6,985 |  | $ | 49,138
June 30, 2018 balance at cost |  | $ | 43,151 |  | $ | 37,884 |  | $ | 13,188 |  | $ | 94,223
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (32,383) |  |  | (6,499) |  |  | (6,203) |  |  | (45,085)
Net balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 10,768 |  | $ | 31,385 |  | $ | 6,985 |  | $ | 49,138

Certain intangible assets are denominated in local currencies and are subject to currency fluctuations. As a result of the Company rebranding, the value of certain intangible assets was written down, and impairment charges of $0.5 million was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Note 8 – Income Taxes

Our estimated annual tax rate for 2018 before discrete items is expected to be 49%. This is higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to forecasted losses in connection with Dealflo for which a valuation allowance will be required and non-deductible acquisition costs. Our ultimate tax rate will depend on the mix of earnings in various jurisdictions.

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At December 31, 2017, we had deferred tax assets of $20,864 resulting from foreign and state NOL carryforwards of $120,457 and other foreign deductible carryforwards of $31,161. At December 31, 2017, we had a valuation allowance of $12,805 against deferred tax assets related to certain carryforwards. Income taxes paid during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $3,138 and $6,931, respectively.

Certain of our non-U.S. operations have incurred net operating losses (NOLs), which may become deductible to the extent these operations become profitable. For each of our operations, we evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the tax benefits related to NOLs will be realized. As part of this evaluation, we consider evidence such as tax planning strategies, historical operating results, forecasted taxable income, and recent financial performance. In the year that certain non-U.S. operations record a loss, we do not recognize a corresponding tax benefit, thus increasing our effective tax rate. Upon determining that it is more likely than not that the NOLs will be realized, we reduce the tax valuation allowances related to these NOLs, which results in a reduction to our income tax expense and our effective tax rate in the period.

U.S. tax reform (“the Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. Among other things, the Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred. We have reasonably estimated the effects of the Act and recorded provisional amounts in the fourth quarter of 2017 for the transition tax and to remeasure our U.S. federal deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%, and for the one-time transition tax. The U.S. Government and state tax authorities are expected to continue to issue guidance regarding the Act, which may result in adjustments to our provisional estimates.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we have not recorded any measurement period adjustments to the provisional estimates recorded at the end of 2017. The final determination of the remeasurement of our net deferred tax assets and the transition tax will be completed as additional information becomes available, but no later than one year from the enactment date. Any subsequent adjustments to the provisional amounts will be recorded to current or deferred tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete.

Note 9 – Long-Term Compensation Plan and Stock Based Compensation

Under the OneSpan Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, formerly known as the “VASCO Data Security International, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan” (“2009 Equity Incentive Plan”), we awarded 324 shares of restricted stock in the first quarter of 2018 consisting of 161 unissued shares subject to future performance criteria and 163 issued time-based shares. The market value of the 163 issued restricted shares was $2,299 at the date of grant, and is being amortized over the vesting period of one to four years. The market value of the 161 unissued shares subject to performance criteria was $2,280 at the date of grant, and is being amortized over the vesting period of three years. No shares were issued during the second quarter of 2018.

The following table details long-term compensation plan and stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three months ended |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Restricted stock |  | $ | 1,009 |  | $ | 532 |  | $ | 1,809 |  | $ | 1,076 |
Long-term compensation plan |  |  | 389 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 941 |  |  | 856 |
Total compensation |  | $ | 1,398 |  | $ | 832 |  | $ | 2,750 |  | $ | 1,932 |

Note 10 – Earnings per Share

In connection with the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, we issued 163 shares of restricted common stock for awards granted in 2018. There were no performance shares related to awards provisioned in prior years.

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Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding and excludes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding and includes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents to the extent they are not anti-dilutive. Because the Company is in a net loss position for the three months ended June 30, 2018, diluted net loss per share for this period excludes the effects of common stock equivalents, which are anti-dilutive.

The details of the earnings per share calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

|  | Three months ended |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,002) |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | 683 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 39,908 |  |  | 39,797 |  |  | 39,902 |  |  | 39,783 |
Incremental shares with dilutive effect: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 60 |
Diluted |  |  | 39,908 |  |  | 39,842 |  |  | 40,015 |  |  | 39,843 |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.03) |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.03) |  | $ | 0.00 |  | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | 0.02 |

Note 11 – Legal Proceedings and Contingencies

We are a party to or have intellectual property subject to litigation and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These types of matters could result in fines, penalties, compensatory or treble damages or non-monetary sanctions or relief. We believe the probability is remote that the outcome of each of these matters, including the legal proceedings described below, will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole, notwithstanding that the unfavorable resolution of any matter may have a material effect on our financial results in any particular interim reporting period. Among the factors that we consider in this assessment are the nature of existing legal proceedings and claims, the asserted or possible damages or loss contingency (if estimable), the progress of the case, existing law and precedent, the opinions or views of legal counsel and other advisers, our experience in similar cases and the experience of other companies, the facts available to us at the time of assessment and how we intend to respond to the proceeding or claim. Our assessment of these factors may change over time as individual proceedings or claims progress.

Although we cannot predict the outcome of legal or other proceedings with certainty, where there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred, U.S. GAAP requires us to disclose an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss or make a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. We follow a process in which we seek to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, and only if we are unable to make such an estimate do we conclude and disclose that an estimate cannot be made. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated below in our discussion of legal proceedings, a reasonably possible loss or range of loss associated with any individual legal proceeding cannot be estimated.

We include various types of indemnification clauses in our agreements. These indemnifications may include, but are not limited to, infringement claims related to our intellectual property, direct damages and consequential damages. The type and amount of such indemnifications vary substantially based on our assessment of risk and reward associated with each agreement. We believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification clauses is minimal, and we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions. We have no liabilities recorded for these clauses as of June 30, 2018.

During the second quarter of 2015, our management became aware that certain of our products which were sold by our European subsidiary to a third-party distributor may have been resold by the distributor to parties in Iran,

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potentially including parties whose property and interests in property may be blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13224, Executive Order 13382 or that may be identified under Section 560.304 of 31 C.F.R. Part 560 as the “Government of Iran”. We ceased shipping to such distributor. In addition, the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors initiated an internal review of this matter with the assistance of outside counsel. As a precautionary matter, concurrent initial notices of voluntary disclosure were submitted on June 25, 2015 to each of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”).

The Audit Committee with the assistance of outside counsel completed their review in 2015. On December 15, 2015, we filed a letter with BIS (Office of Export Enforcement) with the conclusion that the products supplied to the distributor were not subject to United States Export Control jurisdiction. The Office of Export Enforcement issued a “no action” letter, concluding the voluntary self-disclosure process under the Export Administration Regulations.

In addition, on January 13, 2016, we filed a letter with OFAC, with the conclusions that the Company and its subsidiaries made no direct sales to Iran or any party listed by OFAC as a Specially Designated National over the five-year period under review (i.e., June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015). The letter further noted that the investigation did not identify any involvement on the part of senior management officials of the Company, and to the contrary, noted that senior management officials of the Company had sought to implement procedures and provided notices to the Company’s sales personnel to prevent the diversion of the Company’s products to unauthorized destinations and end users.

Based upon the OFAC guidelines for monetary penalties, in the fourth quarter of 2015, we accrued $900 for potential penalties if they are assessed by OFAC. Ultimately no penalty may be assessed or the penalty may be less or greater than the accrual. The general statute of limitations for violations of the export control laws is five years.

On January 10, 2011, we purchased our wholly-owned subsidiary, DigiNotar B.V., a private company organized and existing in The Netherlands from the shareholders (“Sellers”). On September 19, 2011, DigiNotar B.V. filed a bankruptcy petition under Article 4 of the Dutch Bankruptcy Act in the Haarlem District Court, The Netherlands. The bankruptcy trustee took over management of DigiNotar B.V.’s business activities and is responsible for the administration and liquidation of DigiNotar B.V. In connection with the bankruptcy of DigiNotar B.V., in January 2015, we received a notice of potential claim by the trustee against all of the individuals who served as directors of DigiNotar, both before and after our acquisition of DigiNotar. On March 29, 2018, we entered into a settlement agreement among the bankruptcy estate, the pre-acquisition directors, the Company and its directors. After payment from third parties, including our insurance carrier, the amount of the settlement is not material to our financial position.

On July 28, 2015 a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, captioned Linda J. Rossbach v. Vasco Data Security International, Inc., et al., case number 1:15‑cv‑06605, naming the Company and certain of its current and former executive officers as defendants and alleging violations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The suit was purportedly filed on behalf of a putative class of investors who purchased securities of the Company between April 28, 2015 and July 28, 2015, and seeks to recover damages allegedly caused by the defendants’ alleged violations of the federal securities laws and to pursue remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b‑5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint seeks certification as a class action and unspecified compensatory damages plus interest and attorneys’ fees. Pursuant to a September 1, 2015 scheduling order entered by the court, the lead plaintiff, once appointed, will have sixty days to file an amended complaint or notify the defendants that the lead plaintiff intends to rely on the current complaint. On January 30, 2017, the appointed lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint in which the allegations regarding OFAC related matters were dropped and replaced with allegations regarding public disclosures made by the defendants in April 2015 as compared to public statements made in July 2015, generally regarding the strength of the Company’s business and its future prospects. This case is now referred to by the name of the new lead plaintiff, Bunk. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Bunk complaint on March 31, 2017. A decision from the court on such motion has not been issued to date. Although the ultimate outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that this lawsuit is without merit and intends to defend against the action vigorously. OneSpan is indemnifying its officers and directors for this matter.

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On October 9, 2015, a derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, captioned Elizabeth Herrera v. Hunt, et al., case number 1:15‑cv‑08937, naming the Company’s Board of Directors and certain of its current and former executive officers as individual defendants and the Company as a nominal defendant. Two additional complaints, captioned Beth Seltzer v. Hunt, et al., case number 2015‑ch‑15541, and William Hooper v. Hunt, et al., case number 2016‑ch‑04054, were filed on October 22, 2015 and March 22, 2016, respectively, in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois naming the same defendants.

The complaints assert, among other things, that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties by making material misstatements in, and omitting material information from, the Company’s public disclosures and by failing to maintain adequate internal controls and properly manage the Company. Among other things, the complaints seek unspecified compensatory damages and injunctive relief.

On October 29, 2015, a defendant removed the Seltzer action to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Thereafter, the plaintiff filed a motion to remand the action back to the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, which was denied on February 3, 2016. On February 9, 2016, the court granted an agreed motion for voluntary dismissal of the Seltzer action, which dismissed the action with prejudice as to the named plaintiff’s individual claims. As for the Hooper action, the court granted a stay on June 8, 2016 and on July 18, 2017, the plaintiff in Hooper amended the complaint to largely mirror the amended complaint in Bunk.

On July 19, 2017, a derivative complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, captioned Fancesco D’Angelo v. Hunt, et. al., naming the Company’s Board of Directors and certain former officers as individual defendants and the Company as a nominal defendant. This complaint largely follows the allegations in the Bunk case. The D’Angelo case has been consolidated with the Hooper case and remains subject to stay.

In February 2017, we learned an integrated reseller and certain end customers, were named as defendants in a patent infringement lawsuit in Japan related to our Cronto technology. We have indemnification obligations in favor of our reseller and end customers and are working with them to defend such suit. In December 2017, the Japan Patent Office ruled the plaintiff’s patent is invalid. In February 2018, a trial court decision declared the plaintiff’s patent to be invalid. Those decisions are subject to appeal. We will continue to support our customers in any appeals and continue to believe that the lawsuit is without merit.

On March 14, 2017, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, captioned StrikeForce Technologies, Inc. v. Vasco Data Security International, Inc., et al., claiming the Company infringed on certain patent rights of the plaintiff. On May 8, 2017, we answered the complaint denying the allegations of patent infringement. The parties then engaged in motion practice and discovery in the case. The plaintiff has also brought suit against various other companies in the technology industry. In one such suit in the federal district court for the Central District of California, on December 1, 2017, the court granted defendant’s motion to dismiss, finding that the StrikeForce asserted claims are invalid. StrikeForce is in the process of appealing such decision. In light of such ruling, on December 20, 2017, the court in the Company’s case granted a stay of the proceedings pending the appeal in the related case. Although the ultimate outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that this lawsuit is without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously.

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Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in thousands, except headcount, ratios, time periods and percentages)

Unless otherwise noted, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q to “OneSpan,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to OneSpan Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended concerning, among other things, our expectations regarding the prospects of, and developments and business strategies for, OneSpan and our operations, including the development and marketing of certain new products and services and the anticipated future growth in certain markets in which we currently market and sell our products and services or anticipate selling and marketing our products or services in the future. These forward-looking statements (1) are identified by use of terms and phrases such as “expect”, “believe”, “will”, “anticipate”, “emerging”, “intend”, “plan”, “could”, “may”, “estimate”, “should”, “objective”, “goal”, “possible”, “potential”, “projected” and similar words and expressions, but such words and phrases are not the exclusive means of identifying them, and (2) are subject to risks and uncertainties and represent our present expectations or beliefs concerning future events. OneSpan cautions that the forward-looking statements are qualified by important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These additional risks, uncertainties and other factors have been described in greater detail in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and include, but are not limited to, (a) risks of general market conditions, including currency fluctuations and the uncertainties resulting from turmoil in world economic and financial markets, (b) risks inherent to the computer and network security industry, including rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, increasingly sophisticated hacking attempts, increasing numbers of patent infringement claims, changes in customer requirements, price competitive bidding, and changing government regulations, and (c) risks specific to OneSpan, including, demand for our products and services, competition from more established firms and others, pressures on price levels and our historical dependence on relatively few products, certain suppliers and certain key customers. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include the risk that OneSpan will not integrate OneSpan Sign into the global business of OneSpan successfully and the amount of time and expense spent and incurred in connection with the integration; the risk that the revenue synergies, cost savings and other economic benefits that OneSpan anticipates as a result of the acquisition are not fully realized or take longer to realize than expected. Thus, the results that we actually achieve may differ materially from any anticipated results included in, or implied by these statements. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information as required by the U.S. federal securities laws, we do not have any obligations or intention to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances in the future or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

We design, develop and market digital solutions for identity, security, and business productivity that protect and facilitate electronic transactions, via mobile and connected devices. We are a global leader in providing anti-fraud and digital transaction management solutions to financial institutions and other businesses. Our solutions secure online and mobile access to accounts, data, assets, and applications for enterprises; provide tools for application developers to easily integrate security functions into their web-based and mobile applications; and facilitate digital transactions involving the signing, sending, and managing of documents. Our core technologies, multi-factor authentication and transaction signing, strengthen the process of preventing hacking attacks against online and mobile transactions to allow companies to transact business safely with remote customers.

We offer cloud based and on premises solutions using both open standards and proprietary technologies. Some of our proprietary technologies are patented. Our products and services are used for authentication, fraud mitigation, e-signing transactions and documents, and identity management in Business-to-Business (“B2B”), Business-to-Employee (“B2E”) and Business-to-Consumer (“B2C”) environments. Our target market is business processes using electronic interface, particularly the Internet, where there is risk of unauthorized access. Our products can increase security

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associated with accessing business processes, reduce losses from unauthorized access and reduce the cost of the process by automating activities previously performed manually.

Our Business Model

We offer our products through a product sales and licensing model or through our services platform, which includes our cloud-based service offering.

Our solutions are sold worldwide through our direct sales force, as well as through distributors, resellers, systems integrators, and original equipment manufacturers. Our sales force is able to offer customers a choice of an on-site implementation using our traditional on-premises model or a cloud implementation for some solutions using our services platform.

Industry Growth

We believe there are no reliable measurements of the industry size or growth rates for the segments that we serve. However, we believe the market for authentication, anti-fraud, and electronic signature solutions will continue to grow driven by new government regulations, growing awareness of the impact of cyber-crime, and the growth in electronic commerce. The issues driving growth are global however, the rate of adoption in each country is a function of culture, competitive position, economic conditions, and use of technology.

Economic Conditions

Our revenue may vary significantly with changes in the economic conditions in the countries in which we currently sell products. With our current concentration of revenue in Europe and specifically in the banking and finance vertical market, significant changes in the economic outlook for the European banking market may have a significant effect on our revenue.

Cybersecurity Risks

Our use of technology is increasing and is critical in three primary areas of our business:

| 1. |  | Software and information systems that we use to help us run our business more efficiently and cost effectively;

| 2. |  | The products we have traditionally sold and continue to sell to our customers for integration into their software applications contain technology that incorporates the use of secret numbers and encryption technology; and

| 3. |  | New products and services that we introduced to the market are focused on processing information through our servers or in the cloud.

We believe that the risks and consequences of potential incidents in each of the above areas are different.

In the case of the information systems we use to help us run our business, we believe that an incident could disrupt our ability to take orders or deliver product to our customers, but such a delay in these activities would not have a material impact on our overall results. To minimize this risk, we actively use various forms of security and monitor the use of our systems regularly to detect potential incidents as soon as possible.

In the case of products that we have traditionally sold, we believe that the risk of a potential cyber incident is minimal. We offer our customers the ability to either create the secret numbers themselves or have us create the numbers on their behalf. When asked to create the numbers, we do so in a secure environment with limited physical access and store the numbers on a system that is not connected to any other network, including other OneSpan networks, and similarly, is not connected to the Internet.

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In the case of our new products and services, which involve the active daily processing of the secret numbers on our servers or servers managed by others in a hosted environment, we believe a cyber incident could have a material impact on our future business. We also believe that these products may be more susceptible to cyber attacks than our traditional products since it involves the active processing of transactions using the secret numbers. While we do not have a significant amount of revenue from these products today, we believe that these products have the potential to provide substantial future growth. A cyber incident involving these products in the future could substantially impair our ability to grow the business and we could suffer significant monetary and other losses and significant reputational harm.

To minimize the risk, we review our security procedures on a regular basis. Our reviews include the processes and software programs we are currently using as well as new forms of cyber incidents and new or updated software programs that may be available in the market that would help mitigate the risk of incidents. Certain insurance coverages may apply to certain cyber incidents. Overall, we expect the cost of securing our networks will increase in future periods, whether through increased staff, systems or insurance coverage.

While we did not experience any cyber incident in the first six months of 2018 that had a significant impact on our business, it is possible that we could experience an incident in 2018 or future years, which could result in unanticipated costs.

Currency Fluctuation

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, approximately 73% and 69%, respectively, of our revenue was generated outside of the United States. While the majority of our revenues are generated outside of the United States, the majority of our revenue earned during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was denominated in U.S. Dollars. We estimate that 57% and 53% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, was denominated in U.S. Dollars.

In addition, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, approximately 68% and 70%, respectively of our operating expenses were incurred outside of the United States. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates, especially the Euro exchange rate and the Canadian Dollar exchange rate, can have a significant impact on revenue and expenses.

In general, to minimize the net impact of currency fluctuations on operating income, we attempt to denominate an amount of billings in a currency such that it would provide a hedge against the operating expenses incurred in that currency. We expect that changes in currency rates may also impact our future results if we are unable to match amounts of revenue with our operating expenses in the same currency. If the amount of our revenue in Europe denominated in Euros continues as it is now or declines, we may not be able to balance fully the exposures of currency exchange rates on revenue and operating expenses.

The financial position and the results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries, with the exception of our subsidiaries in Switzerland, Singapore and certain operations Canada, are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars using current exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments arising from differences in exchange rates generated other comprehensive loss of $3,339 and $2,021 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and other comprehensive income of $1,786 and $2,430 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. These amounts are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The functional currency for our subsidiaries in Switzerland, Singapore and certain operations in Canada is the U.S. Dollar.

Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations in other income, net. Foreign exchange transaction losses aggregated $257 for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to losses of $24 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, foreign exchange transaction losses aggregated $47, consistent with losses aggregated of $47 during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

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Components of Operating Results

Revenue

We generate revenue from the sale of our hardware products, software licenses, subscriptions and professional services. We believe comparison of revenues between periods is heavily influenced by the timing of orders and shipments reflecting the transactional nature of our business.

| · |  | Product and license revenue. Product and license revenue includes hardware products and software licenses.

| · |  | Service and other revenue. Service and other revenue includes subscription solutions (which is our definition of software-as-a-service solutions), maintenance and support, and professional services.

Cost of Goods Sold

Our total cost of goods sold consists of cost of product and license revenue and cost of service and other revenue. We expect our cost of goods sold to increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, although it may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue from period to period.

| · |  | Cost of product and license revenue. Cost of product and license revenue primarily consists of direct product and license costs.

| · |  | Cost of service and other revenue. Cost of service and other revenue primarily consists of costs related to subscription solutions, including personnel and equipment costs, and personnel costs of employees providing professional services and maintenance and support.

Gross Profit

Gross profit as a percentage of total revenue, or gross margin, has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including our average selling price, manufacturing costs, the mix of products sold, and the mix of revenue among products, subscriptions and services. We expect our gross margins to fluctuate over time depending on these factors.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are generally based on anticipated revenue levels and fixed over short periods of time. As a result, small variations in revenue may cause significant variations in the period-to-period comparisons of operating income or operating income as a percentage of revenue.

Generally, the most significant factor driving our operating expenses is headcount. Direct compensation and benefit plan expenses generally represent between 55% and 60% of our operating expenses, respectively. In addition, a number of other expense categories are directly related to headcount. We attempt to manage our headcount within the context of the economic environments in which we operate and the investments we believe we need to make for our infrastructure to support future growth and for our products to remain competitive.

Historically, operating expenses have been impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates. We estimate the change in currency rates in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 resulted in an increase in operating expenses of approximately $1.9 million.

The comparison of operating expenses can also be impacted significantly by costs related to our stock-based and long-term incentive plans. Operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 included $1.4

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million and $2.7 million, respectively, of expenses related to long-term incentive plan costs compared to $0.8 million and $1.9 million of long-term incentive plan costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

| · |  | Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, commissions and bonuses, trade shows, marketing programs and other marketing activities, travel, outside consulting costs, and long-term incentive compensation. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in sales resources in key focus areas, although our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue.

| · |  | Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and long-term incentive compensation. We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in our future solutions, although our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue.

| · |  | General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, legal and other professional fees, and long term incentive compensation. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars although our general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue.

| · |  | Amortization and impairment of intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets are amortized over their respective amortization periods, and are periodically evaluated for impairment.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net consists of income earned on our cash equivalents and short term investments. Our cash equivalents and short term investments are invested in short-term instruments at current market rates.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net primarily includes exchange gains (losses) on transactions that are denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies, subsidies received from foreign governments in support of our research and development in those countries and other miscellaneous non-operational expenses.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate reflects our global structure related to the ownership of our intellectual property (“IP”). All our IP in our traditional authentication business is owned by two subsidiaries, one in the U.S. and one in Switzerland. These two subsidiaries have entered into agreements with most of the other OneSpan entities under which those other entities provide services to our U.S. and Swiss subsidiaries on either a percentage of revenue or on a cost plus basis or both. Under this structure, the earnings of our service provider subsidiaries are relatively constant. These service provider companies tend to be in jurisdictions with higher effective tax rates. Fluctuations in earnings tend to flow to the U.S. company and Swiss company. In 2018, earnings flowing to the U.S. company are expected to be taxed at a rate of 21% to 25%, while earnings flowing to the Swiss company are expected to be taxed at a rate ranging from 11% to 12%. A Canadian subsidiary currently sells and services global customers directly.

As the majority of our revenues are generated outside of the U.S., our consolidated effective tax rate is strongly influenced by the effective tax rate of our foreign operations. Changes in the effective rate related to foreign operations reflect changes in the geographic mix of earnings and the tax rates in each of the countries in which it is earned. The statutory tax rate for the primary foreign tax jurisdictions ranges from 11% to 35%.

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The geographic mix of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries primarily depends on the level of pretax income of our service provider subsidiaries and the benefit realized in Switzerland through the sales of product. The level of pretax income in our service provider subsidiaries is expected to vary based on:

| 1. |  | the staff, programs and services offered on a yearly basis by the various subsidiaries as determined by management, or

| 2. |  | the changes in exchange rates related to the currencies in the service provider subsidiaries, or

| 3. |  | the amount of revenues that the service provider subsidiaries generate.

For items 1 and 2 above, there is a direct impact in the opposite direction on earnings of the U.S. and Swiss entities. Any change from item 3 is generally expected to result in a larger change in income in the U.S. and Swiss entities in the direction of the change (increased revenues expected to result in increased margins/pretax profits and conversely decreased revenues expected to result in decreased margins/pretax profits).

In addition to the provision of services, the intercompany agreements transfer the majority of the business risk to our U.S. and Swiss subsidiaries. As a result, the contracting subsidiaries’ pretax income is reasonably assured while the pretax income of the U.S. and Swiss subsidiaries varies directly with our overall success in the market.

In November 2015, we acquired OneSpan Sign (formerly eSignLive), a foreign company with substantial IP and net operating losses and other tax carryforwards. The tax benefit of the carryforwards has been fully reserved as realization has not been deemed more likely than not.

In May 2018, we acquired Dealflo Limited (“Dealflo”), a foreign company with substantial IP and net operating losses. The tax benefit of the loss carryforwards will be reserved to the extent they exceed the deferred tax liabilities recognized upon acquisition as realization has not been deemed more likely than not.

Results of Operations

Revenue

Revenue by Product: We generate revenue from the sale of our hardware products, software licenses, subscriptions, professional services, and maintenance and support. Product and license revenue includes hardware products and software licenses. Service and other revenue includes subscription solutions (which is our definition of software-as-a-service solutions), maintenance and support, and professional services.

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017* |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017* |  | % Change
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | $ 34,986 |  | $ 34,472 |  | 1% |  | $ 68,480 |  | $ 66,032 |  | 4%
Services and other |  | 14,568 |  | 11,222 |  | 30% |  | 26,506 |  | 21,626 |  | 23%
Total revenue |  | $ 49,554 |  | $ 45,694 |  | 8% |  | $ 94,986 |  | $ 87,658 |  | 8%
% of Total Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | 71% |  | 75% |  |  |  | 72% |  | 75% |  |
Services and other |  | 29% |  | 25% |  |  |  | 28% |  | 25% |  |

* Prior period amounts are presented under ASC 605 and ASC 985-605

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Total revenue increased $3.9 million or 8%, during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, total revenue increased $7.3 million or 8% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Product and license revenue increased by $0.5 million or 1% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, product and license revenue increased $2.5 million or 4% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in product and license revenue for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 is primarily driven by an increase in software revenue from licenses of our OneSpan Sign products.

Services and other revenue increased by $3.4 million, or 30% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, service and other revenue increased $4.9 million or 23% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase for both the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017 was due to increased subscription and maintenance revenue.

We believe comparison of revenues between periods is heavily influenced by the timing of orders and shipments reflecting the transactional nature of our business. As a result of the volatility in our business, we believe that the overall strength of our business is best evaluated over a longer term where the impact of transactions in any given period is not as significant as in a quarter-over-quarter comparison.

Revenue by Geographic Regions: We classify our sales by customer location in three geographic regions: 1) EMEA, which includes Europe, Middle East and Africa; 2) the Americas, which includes sales in North, Central, and South America; and 3) Asia Pacific (APAC), which also includes Australia, New Zealand, and India. The breakdown of revenue in each of our major geographic areas was as follows:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017* |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017* |  | % Change
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EMEA |  | $ 21,481 |  |  |  | $ 21,726 |  | -1% |  | $ 39,867 |  | $ 40,096 |  | -1%
Americas |  | 13,270 |  |  |  | 11,416 |  | 16% |  | 29,191 |  | 23,540 |  | 24%
APAC |  | 14,803 |  |  |  | 12,552 |  | 18% |  | 25,928 |  | 24,022 |  | 8%
Total revenue |  | $ 49,554 |  |  |  | $ 45,694 |  | 8% |  | $ 94,986 |  | $ 87,658 |  | 8%
% of Total Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EMEA |  | 43% |  |  |  | 48% |  |  |  | 42% |  | 46% |  |
Americas |  | 27% |  |  |  | 25% |  |  |  | 31% |  | 27% |  |
APAC |  | 30% |  |  |  | 27% |  |  |  | 27% |  | 27% |  |

* Prior period amounts are presented under ASC 605 and ASC 985-605

Revenue generated in EMEA during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $0.2 million, or 1%, lower than the same periods in 2017. The slight decrease is caused by lower hardware revenues.

Revenue generated in the Americas during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $1.9 million, or 16% higher than the three months ended June 30, 2017, driven by an increase in hardware revenue attributable to Cronto and an increase in non-hardware revenue attributable to OneSpan Sign. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, revenue generated in the Americas was $5.7 million, or 24% higher than the same period in 2017. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increased revenues from non-hardware products, including OneSpan Sign.

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Revenue generated in the Asia Pacific region during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $2.3 million, or 18% higher than the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to higher hardware revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, revenue generated in the Asia Pacific Region was $1.9 million, or 8% higher than the same period in 2017.The revenue increase for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was driven by higher software and hardware revenue.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change
Cost of goods sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | $ 10,391 |  | $ 11,045 |  | -6% |  | $ 18,576 |  | $ 20,585 |  | -10%
Services and other |  | 3,182 |  | 2,601 |  | 22% |  | 5,732 |  | 5,113 |  | 12%
Total cost of goods sold |  | $ 13,573 |  | $ 13,646 |  | -1% |  | $ 24,308 |  | $ 25,698 |  | -5%
Gross profit |  | $ 35,981 |  | $ 32,048 |  | 12% |  | $ 70,678 |  | $ 61,960 |  | 14%
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and license |  | 70% |  | 68% |  |  |  | 73% |  | 69% |  |
Services and other |  | 78% |  | 77% |  |  |  | 78% |  | 76% |  |
Total gross margin |  | 73% |  | 70% |  |  |  | 74% |  | 71% |  |

The cost of product and license revenue decreased $0.6 million, or 6% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 the cost of product and license revenue decreased by $2.0 million or 10% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in cost of product and license revenue for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by a decline in hardware revenue.

The cost of services and other revenue increased by $0.6 million, or 22% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017, driven primarily by higher software costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 the cost of services and other revenue increased by $0.6 million or 12% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of services and other revenue is reflective of higher subscription revenue.

Gross profit increased $3.9 million, or 12% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 gross profit increased by $8.7 million or 14% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. Gross profit margin was 73% and 74% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, compared to 70% and 71% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The increase in gross profit margins for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 reflects an increase in subscription and maintenance revenue as a percentage of total revenues.

The majority of our inventory purchases are denominated in U.S. Dollars. Our sales are denominated in various currencies including the Euro. As the U.S. Dollar strengthened against the Euro for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same periods of 2017, revenue from sales made in Euros decreased, as measured in US Dollars, without a corresponding change in the cost of goods sold. The impact of changes in currency rates are estimated to have decreased revenue by approximately $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Had currency rates in 2018 been equal to rates in 2017, the gross profit margin would have been approximately 0.3 percentage points higher for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Operating Expenses

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | % Change |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | % Change
Operating costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 16,622 |  | $ | 15,339 |  | 8% |  | $ | 30,899 |  | $ | 29,043 |  | 6%
Research and development |  |  | 8,016 |  |  | 6,320 |  | 27% |  |  | 13,813 |  |  | 12,176 |  | 13%
General and administrative |  |  | 11,210 |  |  | 8,588 |  | 31% |  |  | 21,984 |  |  | 16,441 |  | 34%
Amortization / impairment of intangible assets |  |  | 2,744 |  |  | 2,201 |  | 25% |  |  | 4,945 |  |  | 4,399 |  | 12%
Total operating costs |  | $ | 38,592 |  | $ | 32,448 |  | 19% |  | $ | 71,641 |  | $ | 62,059 |  | 15%
% of revenue |  |  | 78% |  |  | 71% |  |  |  |  | 75% |  |  | 71% |  |

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 were $16.6 million, an increase of $1.3 million, or 8%, from the three months ended June 30, 2017. Sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018, were $30.9 million, an increase of $1.9 million, or 6%, from the same period of 2017. The increase in expense for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017 was driven by an increase in overall headcount and expenses incurred as a result of the Company rebranding.

Average full-time sales, marketing, support, and operating employee headcount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 328 and 322, respectively, compared to 309 and 305 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Headcount was 6% higher for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017.
Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018, were $8.0 million, an increase of $1.7 million, or 27%, from the three months ended June 30, 2017. Research and development costs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were $13.8 million, an increase of $1.6 million, or 13%, from the same period of 2017. The increase in research and development for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 was driven by higher cloud service costs for our test environment.

Average full-time research and development employee headcount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 229 and 219, respectively, compared to 225 and 226 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Average headcount was approximately 2% higher and 3% lower for three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2017.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018, were $11.2 million, an increase of $2.6 million, or 31%, from the three months ended June 30, 2017. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018, were $22.0 million, an increase of $5.5 million, or 34%, compared to the same period of 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to the same periods in 2017, was driven by an increase in headcount and higher professional service fees incurred as a result of the Dealflo acquisition.

Average full-time general and administrative employee headcount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 103 and 100, compared to 91 and 89 for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Average headcount was approximately 14% and 13% higher for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2017.

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Amortization / Impairment of Intangible Assets

Amortization / impairment of intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $2.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively, an increase of $0.6 million or 25% and $0.6 million or 13% from the comparable periods in 2017. The increase in amortization expense for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 was driven by additional intangible assets acquired during the second quarter as a result of the Dealflo acquisition, as well as expense recognized for assets that were considered impaired as a result of the rebranding.

Interest Income, net

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change
Interest income, net |  | $ 340 |  | $ 340 |  | 0% |  | $ 733 |  | $ 630 |  | 16%

Interest income, net was $340 and $733 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to $340 and $630 for the same periods in 2017. The increase in interest income, net for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 reflects an increase in the average interest rate earned on invested balances.

Other Income, Net

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change
Other income, net |  | $ 1,399 |  | $ 373 |  | 275% |  | $ 1,779 |  | $ 588 |  | 203%

Other income, net primarily includes subsidies received from foreign governments in support of our research and development in those countries, exchange gains (losses) on transactions that are denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies, and other miscellaneous non-operational, non-recurring expenses.

Other income, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $1,399 and $1,779, respectively, compared to $373 and $588 for the comparable periods of 2017. The increase in other income, net for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was driven by the recognition of a $1.2 million government subsidy from a foreign government in support of our advancement of authentication technology.

Income Taxes

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change |  | 2018 | 2017 |  | % Change
Provision for income taxes |  | $ 130 |  | $ 203 |  | -36% |  | $ 759 |  | $ 436 |  | 74%

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $130, a decrease of $73 for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease is attributable to lower pretax income and a lower effective tax rate. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, income tax expense increased by $323 compared to the same period in 2017, attributable to a higher effective tax rate during this period.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

At June 30, 2018, we had net cash balances (total cash and cash equivalents) of $101.4 million and short-term investments of $0. At December 31, 2017, we had net cash balances of $78.7 million and short-term investments of $79.7 million. We had no outstanding debt or restricted cash at June 30, 2018, or December 31, 2017.

Short-term investments at December 31, 2017, consisting of high quality commercial paper with maturities of less than nine months, were held by our U.S. and Swiss entities and issued by domestic and foreign corporations.

Our working capital at June 30, 2018 was $115.9 million, a decrease of $45.9 million or 28% from $161.8 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease in the combined balance of cash and short-term investments primarily reflects the cash purchase of Dealflo on May 30, 2018.

As of June 30, 2018, we held $44.9 million of cash and short-term investments in banks outside of the United States. Of that amount, $44.3 is not subject to repatriation restrictions, but may be subject to taxes upon repatriation.

We believe that our financial resources are adequate to meet our operating needs over the next twelve months.

Our cash flows are as follows:

|  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
|  | 2018 | 2017 |  | $ Change
|  | (in thousands) |  |
Cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ (646) |  | $ 11,966 |  | $ (12,612)
Investing activities |  | 23,919 |  | (5,215) |  | 29,134
Financing activities |  | (233) |  | (199) |  | (34)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | (269) |  | 505 |  | (774)

Operating Activities

Cash generated by operating activities is primarily comprised of net income, as adjusted for non-cash items, and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash adjustments consist primarily of amortization and impairment of intangible assets, depreciation of property and equipment, and stock-based compensation. We expect cash inflows from operating activities to be affected by increases or decreases in sales and timing of collections. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities have been for personnel costs. We expect cash outflows from operating activities to be affected by increases in personnel cost as we grow our business.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $12.6 million due to a decrease in net income of $1.8 million and lower working capital.

Investing Activities

The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to timing of purchases, maturities and sales of investments, purchases of property and equipment, and activity in connection with acquisitions. We expect to continue to purchase property and equipment to support the continued growth of our business as well to continue to invest in our infrastructure and activity in connection with acquisitions.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 cash provided by investing activities increased by $29.1 primarily due to lower year-over-year gross purchases of investments of $99.4 million and the maturity of $80.0 million of short term investments, partially offset by the $53.1 million in cash consideration paid for the purchase of Dealflo.

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Critical Accounting Policy

Our accounting policies are fully described in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Interim Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. We believe our most critical accounting policies include revenue recognition, purchase accounting and related fair value measurements and accounting for income taxes.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes in our market risk during the six months ended June 30, 2018. For additional information, refer to “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, who, respectively, are our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure (i) the information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. However, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company are detected. The inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls’ effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

We are a party to or have intellectual property subject to litigation and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These types of matters could result in fines, penalties, compensatory or treble damages or non-monetary sanctions or relief. We believe the probability is remote that the outcome of each of these matters, including the legal proceedings described below, will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole, notwithstanding that the unfavorable resolution of any matter may have a material effect on our financial results in any particular interim reporting period.

We cannot predict the outcome of legal or other proceedings with certainty, including the legal proceedings which are summarized in “Note 11 – Legal Proceedings and Contingencies” included in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, incorporated herein by reference, and “Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Any reasonably possible loss or range of loss associated with any individual legal proceeding that can be estimated, is provided in Note 11 to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information about purchases by the Company of its shares of common stock during the second quarter of 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | of Shares |  | Maximum
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Purchased as |  | Number of Shares
|  | Total |  |  |  | Part of Publicly |  | that May Yet Be
|  | Number of |  | Average |  | Announced |  | Purchased Under
|  | Shares Purchased |  | Price Paid |  | Plans or |  | the Plans or
Period |  | (1) |  | per Share |  | Programs (2) |  | Programs (2)
April 1, 2018 through April 30, 2018 |  | 2,259 |  | $ | 13.92 |  | — |  | —
May 1, 2018 through May 31, 2018 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | —
June 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018 |  | 1,179 |  |  | 20.80 |  | — |  | —

| (1.) |  | All transactions represent surrender of vested shares in satisfaction of tax withholdings by grantees under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.

| (2.) |  | The Company has no publicly announced plans or programs to repurchase its shares.

Item 5 - Other Information

During the second quarter of 2015, our management became aware that certain of our products which were sold by our European subsidiary to a third-party distributor may have been resold by the distributor to parties in Iran, potentially including parties whose property and interests in property may be blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13224, Executive Order 13382 or that may be identified under Section 560.304 of 31 C.F.R. Part 560 as the “Government of Iran”. We ceased shipping to such distributor. In addition, the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors initiated an internal review of this matter with the assistance of outside counsel. As a precautionary matter, concurrent initial notices of voluntary disclosure were submitted on June 25, 2015 to each of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”).

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The Audit Committee with the assistance of outside counsel completed their review in 2015. On December 15, 2015, we filed a letter with BIS (Office of Export Enforcement) with the conclusion that the products supplied to the distributor were not subject to United States Export Control jurisdiction. The Office of Export Enforcement issued a “no action” letter, concluding the voluntary self-disclosure process under the Export Administration Regulations.

In addition, on January 13, 2016, we filed a letter with OFAC, with the conclusions that the Company and its subsidiaries made no direct sales to Iran or any party listed by OFAC as a Specially Designated National over the five-year period under review (i.e., June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015). The letter further noted that the investigation did not identify any involvement on the part of senior management officials of the Company, and to the contrary, noted that the Company’s senior management officials had sought to implement procedures and provided notices to the Company’s sales personnel to prevent the diversion of the Company’s products to unauthorized destinations and end users.

Based upon the OFAC guidelines for monetary penalties, in the fourth quarter of 2015, we accrued $900 for potential penalties if they are assessed by OFAC. Ultimately no penalty may be assessed or the penalty may be less or greater than the accrual. The general statute of limitations for violations of the export control laws is five years.

Item 6 - Exhibits

Exhibit 31.1 - Rule 13a‑14(a)/15d‑14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 3, 2018.

Exhibit 31.2 - Rule 13a‑14(a)/15d‑14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 3, 2018.

Exhibit 32.1 - Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 3, 2018.

Exhibit 32.2 - Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 3, 2018.

Exhibit 101.INS – XBRL Instance Document

Exhibit 101.SCH – XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Exhibit 101.CAL – XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.LAB - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.PRE – XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.DEF – XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*Certain exhibits, schedules and annexes have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. OneSpan undertakes to furnish copies of any such omitted items upon request by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on August 3, 2018.

| OneSpan Inc.
| /s/ Scott Clements
| Scott Clements
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
| /s/ Mark S. Hoyt
| Mark S. Hoyt
| Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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