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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate for 2025 before discrete items is expected to be approximately 21%. The Company’s global effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the benefit from Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and the release of valuation allowances on current year earnings for companies with a valuation allowance. The benefits are mostly offset by differences in foreign income tax rates and nondeductible expenses. The ultimate tax expense will depend on the mix of earnings in various jurisdictions. Income taxes, net of refunds, of $6.0 million and $2.5 million were paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Management assesses the need for a valuation allowance on a regular basis, weighing all positive and negative evidence to determine whether a deferred tax asset will be fully or partially realized. In evaluating the realizability of deferred tax assets, significant pieces of negative evidence such as 3-year cumulative losses are considered. Management also reviews reversal patterns of temporary differences to determine if the Company would have sufficient taxable income due to the reversal of temporary differences to support the realization of deferred tax assets.

Certain operations have incurred net operating losses (NOLs), which are currently subject to a valuation allowance. These NOLs may become deductible to the extent these operations become profitable. For each of its operations, the Company evaluates whether it is more likely than not that the tax benefits related to NOLs will be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company considers evidence such as tax planning strategies, historical operating results, forecasted taxable income, and recent financial performance. In the year that certain operations record a loss, the Company does not recognize a corresponding tax benefit, thus increasing its effective tax rate, or decreasing its effective tax rate when reporting income in a jurisdiction that has a valuation allowance. Upon determining that it is more likely than not that
the NOLs will be realized, the Company will reduce the tax valuation allowances related to these NOLs, which will result in a reduction of its income tax expense and its effective tax rate in the period.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. which includes changes to U.S. tax law that will affect OneSpan. These changes include modifications to the international tax framework which will impact the Company starting in 2026. The law change also no longer requires that domestic R&D be capitalized which will impact the Company starting in 2025. The Company does not expect the impact of OBBBA to be material to its condensed consolidated financial statements.