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Income taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes
NOTE 9 — Income taxes

The following table outlines our pre-tax net loss and income tax amounts:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
In thousands2024202320242023
Loss before income taxes$(13,086)$(11,357)$(87,776)$(18,426)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes(26,803)1,333 (16,725)(15,996)
Effective tax rate204.8 %(11.7)%19.1 %86.8 %

The (benefit) provision for income taxes is calculated by applying the projected annual effective tax rate for the year to the current period income or loss before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items (discrete events), and changes in tax laws.

The benefit for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was mainly driven by the release of uncertain tax position reserves related to an Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit in the second quarter of 2024, the release of foreign valuation allowances and the pre-tax book loss. The benefit was calculated using an estimated annual effective tax rate of negative 6.2%. The estimated annual effective tax rate before discrete items is principally impacted by valuation allowances on non-deductible interest expense carryforwards, the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion, and foreign tax expense, partially offset by the benefit of U.S. pre-tax book loss. The estimated annual effective tax rate is based on the projected tax expense for the full year.

The benefit for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was mainly driven by the release of uncertain tax position reserves related to an IRS audit in the second quarter of 2024, the release of foreign valuation allowances and the pre-tax book loss.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, may impact the effective tax rate was approximately $42.1 million and $52.6 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit as a component of income tax expense. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company released approximately $11.1 million of the uncertain tax position reserves and approximately $4.7 million of interest and penalties related to an IRS audit in the second quarter of 2024. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amount of accrued interest and penalties payable related to unrecognized tax benefits was $0.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively.
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was mainly driven by a decrease in the estimated annual effective tax rate applied to the full year resulting from an increase in the net income before tax projections used in the second quarter of 2023, the change in valuation allowances on non-deductible U.S. interest expense carryforwards, and the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion. The provision was calculated using an estimated annual effective tax rate of 110.0%.
The benefit for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was mainly driven by the tax benefit of the pre-tax book loss, the change in valuation allowances on non-deductible U.S. interest expense carryforwards, and the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion.