The Company performs its evaluation of the collectability of trade receivables based on customer category. For example,

trade receivables from individual subscribers to our publications are evaluated separately from trade receivables related to

advertising customers. For advertising trade receivables, the Company applies a "black motor formula" methodology as the

baseline to calculate the allowance for credit losses. The reserve percentage is calculated as a ratio of total net bad debts (less

write-offs and recoveries) for the prior three-year period to total outstanding trade accounts receivable for the same three-year

period. The calculated reserve percentage by customer category is applied to the consolidated gross advertising receivable

balance, irrespective of aging. In addition, each category has specific reserves for at risk accounts that vary based on the nature

of the underlying trade receivables. Due to the short-term nature of our circulation receivables, the Company reserves all

The following table presents changes in the allowance for credit losses:


	Year ended December 31,
In thousands	2024	2023
Beginning balance	$16,338	$16,697
Current period provision	5,155	12,316
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(10,564)	(17,143)
Recoveries of amounts previously written-off	2,676	4,325
Other	(9)	143
Ending balance	$13,596	$16,338

The calculation of the allowance considers current economic, industry and customer-specific conditions relative to their

respective operating environments in the incremental allowances recorded related to high-risk accounts, bankruptcies,

receivables in repayment plan and other aging specific reserves. As a result of this analysis, the Company adjusts specific

reserves and the amount of allowable credit as appropriate. The collectability of trade receivables related to advertising,

marketing services and other customers depends on a variety of factors, including trends in local, regional, or national economic

conditions that affect our customers' ability to pay. The advertisers in our newspapers and other publications and related

websites are primarily retail businesses that can be significantly affected by regional or national economic downturns and other

developments that may impact our ability to collect on the related receivables. Similarly, while circulation revenues related to

individual subscribers are primarily prepaid, changes in economic conditions may also affect our ability to collect on amounts

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded bad debt expense of $5.2 million and $12.3

million, respectively, which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated statements of

operations and comprehensive income (loss). The decrease in bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2024, was

primarily due to stronger collections as well as the reversal of special reserves no longer needed in 2024.