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Income Taxes - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of statutory tax rate to our worldwide effective tax rate |  |  |
Income tax provision at statutory rate (Bermuda rate of 0%) | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0
Taxes (benefit) on U.S. and other international earnings (losses) at greater than the Bermuda rate | 74,581 | 25,685 | 23,395
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance | 22,533 | 43,060 | 8,276
Impact of foreign exchange rates | (28,484) | (32,108) |
Prior year adjustments to provision | (3,513) | 15,959 |
Uncertain tax positions | 5,854 | 2,080 | 26,266
Audit settlements | 12,464 |  |
State income taxes (benefit) | 3,838 | 266 | (2,316)
Other | (8,053) | 6,594 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ 79,220 | $ 61,536 | $ 55,621
Effective tax rate (as a percent) | 61.40% | (25.00%) | (11.40%)
Office of the Tax Commissioner, Bermuda |  |  |
Reconciliation of statutory tax rate to our worldwide effective tax rate |  |  |
Statutory income tax rate | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00%

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