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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [text block] [Abstract] |
Significant accounting policies |
| 2. | Significant accounting policies
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation –
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for financial instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) and derivative financial instruments that have been measured at fair value. The carrying values of recognized assets and liabilities that are designated as hedged items in fair value hedges that would otherwise be carried at amortized cost are adjusted to record changes in fair value attributable to the risks that are being hedged in effective hedge relationships. The consolidated financial statements are presented in Soles and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (S/000), except when otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the previous period. There are certain standards and amendments applied for the first time by the Group during 2021 that did not require the restatement of previous financial statements, as explained in note 2.3.19.
| 2.2 | Basis of consolidation - The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if and only if it has: (i) power over the investee (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee), (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and (iii) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns.
The Group reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income (OCI) are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group´s accounting policies. All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.
| 2.3 | Summary of significant accounting policies -
| 2.3.1 | Cash and cash equivalents -
Cash and cash equivalents presented in the statements of cash flows comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with original maturity of three months or less.
| 2.3.2 | Financial instruments-initial recognition and subsequent measurement –
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
| (i) | Financial assets -
Initial recognition and measurement - Financial assets are classified at initial recognition as measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) or fair value through profit or loss. The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, commercial and other receivables, available-for-sale financial investments and derivative financial instruments. Subsequent measurement - For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified into the following categories:
| - | Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments).
| - | Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments).
| - | Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with not recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments).
| - | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
The classification depends on the business model of the Company and the contractual terms of the cash flows. Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments) - The Group measures financial assets at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:
| - | The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to collect contractual cash flows and not sale or trade it, and if,
| - | The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest (EIR) method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired. Financial assets are not reclassified after their initial recognition, except if the Group changes its business model for its management. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Group held trade and other receivables in this category. Financial assets at fair value through OCI (debt instruments) -The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:
| - | The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling, and
| - | The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
The Group does not have debt instruments classified in this category. Financial assets at fair value through OCI (equity instruments) - Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognized as other income in the statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Group elected to classify irrevocably its non-listed equity investments under this category, see note 9. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading assets, assets from derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value and net changes in such fair value are presented as financial costs (net negative changes in fair value) or financial income (net positive changes in fair value) in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. As of December 31,2021 and 2020, the Group hold assets for derivate financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss classified in this category. Derecognition - A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e., removed from the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:
| - | The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
| - | The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset
When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group has retained. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.
| (ii) | Impairment of financial assets -
The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. ECLs are recognized in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL). For trade receivables and contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 360 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.
| (iii) | Financial liabilities -
Initial recognition and measurement - Financial liabilities are classified at initial recognition as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, interest-bearing loans and borrowings. Subsequent measurement - The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss - Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading, derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term; gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the statement of profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered by the Group that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by IFRS 9. Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Group does not have instruments classified in this category. Loans and borrowings - After their initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Group includes trade and other payables and financial liabilities in this category, for more information refer to notes 14 and 16. Derecognition - A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
| (iv) | Offsetting of financial instruments -
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
| (v) | Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting –
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement: The Group uses derivative financial instruments, cross currency swaps (CCS), to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk. These derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at their fair values on the date on which the derivative contract is entered into and subsequently are remeasured at their fair value. Derivatives are accounted for as financial assets when their fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when their fair value is negative. For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:
| - | Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment.
| - | Cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognized firm commitment.
| - | Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation.
At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Group formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Group wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The documentation includes identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the Group will assess the effectiveness of changes in the hedging instrument’s fair value in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item’s fair value or cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Such hedges expect to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they have been highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which they were designated. A hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if it meets all the following effectiveness requirements:
| - | There is ‘an economic relationship’ between the hedged item and the hedging instrument.
| - | The effect of credit risk does not ‘dominate the value changes’ that result from that economic relationship.
| - | The hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged item that the Group hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the Group uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item.
Hedges that meet all the qualifying criteria for hedge accounting are recorded as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives is taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognized in OCI and later reclassified to profit or loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss. For any other cash flow hedges, the amount accumulated in OCI is reclassified to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment in the same period or periods during which the hedged cash flows affect profit or loss. In the case that the cash flow hedge is discontinued, the amount accumulated in other comprehensive income must remain in other comprehensive income accumulated if the covered cash flows are still expected to occur. Otherwise, the amount will be immediately reclassified to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment. After discontinuation, once the hedged cash flows are given, any amount that remains in other comprehensive accumulated results must be recorded considering the nature of the underlying transaction.
| (vi) | Fair value measurement -
The Group measures financial instruments such as derivatives, and equity investment, at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
| - | In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
| - | In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value accounting hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
| - | Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
| - | Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
| - | Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. The Group’s management determines the policies and procedures for recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements. At each reporting date, the Financial Management analyzes the changes in the values of the assets and liabilities that must be measured or determined on a recurring and non-recurring basis according to the Group’s accounting policies. For this analysis, Management contrasts the main variables used in the latest assessments made with updated information available from valuations included in contracts and other relevant documents. Management also compares the changes in the fair value of each asset and liability with the relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable. For purposes of disclosure of fair value, the Group has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the inherent nature, characteristics and risks of each asset and liability, and the level of the fair value accounting hierarchy as explained above.
| 2.3.3 | Foreign currencies -
The functional and presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements of the Group is soles, which is also the functional currency for its subsidiaries. Transactions and balances Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in profit or loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.
| 2.3.4 | Inventories -
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and conditions are accounted for as follows: Raw materials and supplies
| - | Purchase cost determined using the weighted average method.
Finished goods and work in progress
| - | Cost of direct materials and supplies, services provided by third parties, direct labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity, excluding borrowing costs and exchange currency differences.
Inventory in transit
| - | Purchase cost.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
| 2.3.5 | Borrowing costs -
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Where the funds used to finance a project form part of general borrowings, the amount capitalized is calculated using a weighted average of rates applicable to relevant general borrowings of the Group during the period. All other borrowing costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
| 2.3.6 | Leases -
The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Group as a lessee: The Group applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
| i) | Right of use assets
The Group recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, unless the ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Group at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. The leased assets correspond to motorized vehicles whose useful life is 5 years. The right-of-use assets are subject to impairment assessment. Refer to accounting policies in section 2.3.12.
| ii) | Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset, a change in the amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantee or changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments The Group’s lease liabilities are included in “lease liabilities” in the consolidated statement of financial position.
| iii) | Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Group as a lessor: Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in other income in the statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
| 2.3.7 | Property, plant and equipment -
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and/or accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing component parts of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met (see note 2.3.5). The capitalized value of a finance lease is also included within property, plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Group recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer to significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions (note 3) and quarry rehabilitation cost provisions (note 15). Depreciation of assets is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of such assets as follows:
|  | Years
Buildings and other constructions: |  |
Administrative facilities |  | Between 20 and 51
Main production structures |  | Between 20 and 56
Minor production structures |  | Between 20 and 35
Machinery and equipment: |  |
Mills and horizontal furnaces |  | Between 24 and 45
Vertical furnaces, crushers and grinders |  | Between 23 and 36
Electricity facilities and other minors |  | Between 10 and 35
Furniture and fixtures |  | 10
Transportation units: |  |
Heavy units |  | Between 5 and 15
Light units |  | Between 5 and 10
Computer equipment |  | Between 3 and 10
Tools |  | Between 5 and 10
The asset’s residual value, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted prospectively if appropriate. An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
| 2.3.8 | Mining concessions -
Mining concessions correspond to the exploration rights in areas of interest acquired. Mining concessions are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization and/or accumulated impairment losses, if any, and are presented within the “Property, plant and equipment” caption of consolidated statement of financial position. Those mining concessions are amortized following the straight-line method. In the event the Group abandons the concession, the costs associated are written-off in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, mining concessions of the Group correspond to areas that contain raw material necessary for cement production.
| 2.3.9 | Quarry development costs and stripping costs -
Quarry development costs - Quarry development costs incurred are stated at cost and are the next step in development of quarries after exploration and evaluation stage. Quarry development costs are, upon commencement of the production phase, presented net of accumulated amortization and/or accumulated impairment losses, if any, and are presented within the property, plant and equipment caption. The amortization is calculated using the straight-line method based on useful live of the quarry to which it relates. Expenditures that significantly increase the economic life of the quarry under exploitation are capitalized. Stripping costs - Stripping costs incurred in the development of a mine before production commences are capitalized as part of mine development costs and subsequently amortized over the life of the mine on a units-of-production basis, using the proved reserves. Stripping costs incurred subsequently during the production phase of its operation are recorded as part of cost of production.
| 2.3.10 | Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the economic useful life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit or loss in the expense category that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets. The Group’s intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized in an average term of ten years. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company maintains as intangible assets with an indefinite useful the fair value of a brand acquired in 2018. Any gain or loss arising upon derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss. Exploration and evaluation assets - Exploration and evaluation activity involve the search for mineral resources, the determination of technical feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. Exploration and evaluation activity include:
| - | Researching and analyzing historical exploration data.
| - | Gathering exploration data through geophysical studies.
| - | Exploratory drilling and sampling.
| - | Determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource.
| - | Surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements.
| - | Conducting market and finance studies.
License costs paid in connection with a right to explore in an existing exploration area, are capitalized and amortized over the term of the license. Once the legal right to explore has been acquired, exploration and evaluation costs are charged to the consolidated statement of profit or loss, unless management concludes that a future economic benefit is more likely than not to be realized, in which case such costs are capitalized. These costs include directly attributable employee remuneration, materials and fuel used, surveying costs, drilling costs and payments made to contractors. In evaluating if costs meet the criteria to be capitalized, several different sources of information are used, including the nature of the assets, extension of the explored area and results of sampling, among others. The information that is used to determine the probability of future benefits depends on the extent of exploration and evaluation that has been performed. Exploration and evaluation costs are capitalized when the exploration and evaluation activity is within an area of interest for which it is expected that the costs will be recouped by future exploitation and active and significant operations in relation to the area are continuing or planned for the future. The main estimates and assumptions the Group uses to determine whether it is likely that future exploitation will result in future economic benefits include: expected operational costs, committed capital expenditures, expected mineral prices and mineral resources found. For this purpose, the future economic benefit of the project can reasonably be regarded as assured when mine-site exploration is being conducted to confirm resources, mine-site exploration is being conducted to convert resources to reserves or when the Group is conducting a feasibility study, based on supporting geological information. As the capitalized exploration and evaluation costs asset is not available for use, it is not amortized. These exploration costs are transferred to mine development assets once the work completed to date supports the future development of the property and such development receives appropriate approvals. In this phase, the exploration costs are amortized in accordance with the estimated useful life of the mining property from the time the commercial exploitation of the reserves begins. All capitalized exploration and evaluation costs are monitored for indications of impairment. Where a potential impairment is indicated, assessment is performed for each area of interest in conjunction with the group of operating assets (representing a cash generating unit) to which the exploration is attributed. Exploration areas in which resources have been discovered but require major capital expenditure before production can begin, are continually evaluated to ensure that commercial quantities of resources exist or to ensure that additional exploration work are under way or planned. To the extent that capitalized expenditure is no longer expected to be recovered it is charged to the consolidated statement of profit or loss. The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that exploration and evaluation assets may be impaired. The following facts and circumstances are considered in this assessment:
| (i) | the period for which the entity has the right to explore in the specific area has expired during the period or will expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed.
| (ii) | substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area is neither budgeted nor planned.
| (iii) | exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area.
| (iv) | sufficient data exists to indicate that, although development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation asset is unlikely to be recovered in full through successful development or by sale.
| 2.3.11 | Ore reserve and resource estimates -
Ore reserves are estimates of the amount of ore that can be economically and legally extracted from the Group’s mining properties and concessions. The Group estimates its ore reserves and mineral resources, based on information compiled by appropriately qualified persons relating to the geological data on the size, depth and shape of the ore body, and requires complex geological judgments to interpret the data. The estimation of recoverable reserves is based upon factors such as estimates of foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, future capital requirements, and production costs along with geological assumptions and judgments made in estimating the size and grade of the ore body. Changes in the reserve or resource estimates may impact upon the carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets, provision for quarry rehabilitation and depreciation and amortization charges.
| 2.3.12 | Impairment of non-financial assets –
The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required (goodwill and Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives), the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset of CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators. The Group supports its impairment calculation by using detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Group´s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset. In addition, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or have decreased. If such an indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment annually as of December 31, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.
| 2.3.13 | Provisions -
General - Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in profit or loss net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as finance cost in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Quarry rehabilitation provision - The Group records the present value of estimated costs of legal and constructive obligations required to restore operating locations in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Quarry rehabilitation costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of that particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current risk-free rate. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of quarry rehabilitation are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset. Environmental expenditures and liabilities - Environmental expenditures that relate to current or future revenues are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and do not contribute to current or future earnings are expensed. Liabilities for environmental costs are recognized when a clean-up is probable, and the associated costs can be reliably estimated. Generally, the timing of recognition of these provisions coincides with the commitment to a formal plan of action or, if earlier, on divestment or on closure of inactive sites. The amount recognized is the best estimate of the expenditure required. Where the liability will not be settled for a number of years, the amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure.
| 2.3.14 | Employees benefits -
The Group has short-term obligations for employee benefits including salaries, severance contributions, legal bonuses, performance bonuses and profit sharing. These obligations are recorded monthly on an accrual basis. Additionally, the Group has a long-term incentive plan for key management. This benefit is settled in cash, measured on the salary of each officer and upon fulfilling certain conditions such as years of experience within the Group and permanency. The Group recognizes the long-term obligation at its present value at the end of the reporting period using the projected credit unit method. To calculate the present value of these long-term obligations the Group uses a government bond discount rate at the date of the consolidated financial statements. This liability is annually reviewed on the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the accrual updates and the effect of changes in discount rates are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, until the liability is extinguished.
| 2.3.15 | Revenue recognition -
The group is dedicated to the production and trading of cement, blocks, concrete and quicklime, as well as trade of construction supplies. These goods are sold in contracts with customers. The Group has concluded that it is principal in its sales agreements because it controls the goods or services before transferring to the customer. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, considering contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized: Sales of goods - Revenue from sale of goods is recognized at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods. The Group considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. In determining the transaction price for the sale of goods, the Group considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, noncash consideration, and consideration payable to the customer (if any). Rendering of services - In the business segments cement, quicklime, concrete, blocks and construction supplies, the Group provides transportation services. These services are sold together with the sale of the goods to the customer. Transportation services are satisfied when the transport service is concluded, which coincides with the moment of delivery of the goods to the customers. Operating lease income - Income from operating lease of land and office was recognized on a monthly accrual basis during the term of the lease. Interest income - For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost and interest-bearing financial assets, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
| 2.3.16 | Taxes -
Current income tax - Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the tax authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in Peru, where the Group operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate. Deferred tax - Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint arrangements, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, where deferred assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax related to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. Mining royalties - Mining royalties are accounted when they have the characteristics of an income tax. This is considered to be the case when they are imposed under government authority and the amount payable is based on taxable net income, rather than based on quantity produced or as a percentage of revenue, after adjustment for temporary differences. For such arrangements, current and deferred tax is provided on the same basis as described above for income tax. Obligations arising from royalty arrangements that do not satisfy these criteria are recognized as current provisions and included in results of the year.
| 2.3.17 | Investment shares held in treasury -
Own equity instruments which are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments.
| 2.3.18 | Business combinations and goodwill -
A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to contribute to the creation of outputs. Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, which is measured at acquisition date fair value, and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses of the consolidated statement of profit or loss. When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as equity is not remeasured and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, is measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in the statement of profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9. Other contingent consideration that is not within the scope of IFRS 9 is measured at fair value at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred on the assets acquisitions over the fair value of the acquire assets. Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognized in profit or loss. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units. The Group perform impairment tests of goodwill annually. The impairment of goodwill is determined estimating the recoverable amount of the cash generating units related to it. When the recoverable amount of the cash generating units is lower than the carrying value, an impairment is recognized. Impairment related to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.
| 2.3.19 | New amended standards and interpretations –
The Group applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021. The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective. Amendments to IFRS 7, IFRS 9, IFRS 4, IFRS 16 and IAS 39, , The amendments provide temporary reliefs which addresses the financial reporting effects when an interbank offered rate (IBOR) is replaced with an alternative nearly risk-free interest rate (RFR). The amendments include the following practical expedients:
| ● | A practical expedient to require contractual changes, or changes to cash flows that are directly required by the reform, to be treated as changes to a floating interest rate, equivalent to a movement in a market rate of interest.
| ● | Permit changes required by IBOR reform to be made to hedge designations and hedge documentation without the hedging relationship being discontinued.
| ● | Provide temporary relief to entities from having to meet the separately identifiable requirement when an RFR instrument is designated as a hedge of a risk component.
These amendments had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. Amendments to IFRS 16 Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions beyond 30 June 2021 On May 28, 2020, the IASB issued a COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions related amendment to IFRS 16 Leases. The amendment provides relief to lessees from applying IFRS 16 guidance on lease modification accounting for rent concessions arising as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 the pandemic. As a practical expedient, a lessee may elect not to assess whether a COVID-19 related rent concession from a lessor is a lease modification. A lessee that makes this election accounts for any change in lease payments resulting from the COVID-19 related rent concession the same way it would account for the change under IFRS 16, if the change were not a lease modification. The amendment was intended to apply until June 30, 2021, but as the impact of the pandemic is continuing, on March 31, 2021, the IASB extended the period of application of the expedient until to June 30, 2022.The amendment applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2021. Early application is permitted. This amendment had no impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

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