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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

13.  INCOME TAXES



Beginning in 2016, the company records actual income tax expense or benefit during interim periods rather than on an annual effective tax rate method. Certain items are given discrete period treatment and the tax effect of those items are reported in full in the relevant interim period. Green Plains Partners is a limited partnership, which is treated as a flow-through entity for federal income tax purposes and is not subject to federal income taxes. The partnership is subject to state income taxes in certain states. As a result, the company’s consolidated financial statements reflect a benefit or provision for income taxes on pre-tax income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the partnership.



Income tax expense was $5.1 million and income tax benefit was $4.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared with income tax benefit of  $0.6 million and income tax expense of $2.2 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The variation in tax expense was due primarily to the impact of the noncontrolling interest in the partnership on the consolidated financial results.

 

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions was $0.2 million as of September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. Recognition of these benefits would have a favorable impact on the company’s effective tax rate. 



The 2016 effective tax rate can be affected by variances among the estimates and amounts of taxable income among the various states, entities and activity types, realization of tax credits, adjustments from resolution of tax matters under review, valuation allowances and the company’s assessment of its liability for uncertain tax positions.