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Stock-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The company has an equity incentive plan which reserved a total of 6.9 million shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the plan, of which 1.4 million shares remain available for issuance. The plan provides for shares, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock, performance share awards, and restricted and deferred stock unit awards, to be granted to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The company measures stock-based compensation at fair value on the grant date, with no adjustments for estimated forfeitures. The company records noncash compensation expense related to equity awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite period on a straight-line basis. Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Units The restricted non-vested stock awards and deferred stock units activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:
| Non-Vested Shares and Deferred Stock Units |  | Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years)
Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 | 735,513 |  |  | $ | 23.45 |  |  |
Granted | 768,264 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  |
Forfeited | (81,589) |  |  | 21.68 |  |  |
Vested | (342,774) |  |  | 26.08 |  |  |
Non-Vested at March 31, 2025 | 1,079,414 |  |  | $ | 10.15 |  |  | 2.5
Performance Share Awards On March 10, 2025, March 13, 2024, and March 9, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. These performance shares vest based on the level of achievement of certain performance goals, including the incremental value achieved from the company’s high-protein and clean sugar initiatives, annual production levels and return on investment (ROI). Performance shares granted in 2025 and 2024 include certain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value of the performance shares on the date of the grant. The weighted average assumptions used by the company in applying the Monte Carlo valuation model for performance share grants and related valuation include a risk-free interest rate of 3.87% and 4.44%, dividend yields of 0%, expected volatility of 55.4% and 54.6%, closing stock price on the date of grant of $5.48 and $20.21, resulting in an estimated fair value of $7.08 and $25.23 per share. Performance shares granted in 2023 do not contain market-based factors requiring a Monte Carlo valuation model. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share can be reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. If the company achieves the maximum performance goals, the maximum amount of shares available to be issued pursuant to the 2025, 2024 and 2023 awards are 950,870 performance shares which represents 200% of the 475,435 performance shares that remain outstanding, excluding forfeited shares. The actual number of performance shares that will ultimately vest is based on the actual performance targets achieved at the end of the performance period. This excludes an additional 69,959 performance shares granted to the Interim Principal Executive Officer in 2023, 2024 and 2025, which will vest at 100% of target on December 31, 2025. On March 14, 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board granted performance shares to be awarded in the form of common stock to certain participants of the plan. The performance shares were granted at a target of 100%, but each performance share was reduced or increased depending on results for the performance period. On March 14, 2025, based on the criteria discussed above, the 2022 performance shares vested at 30%, which resulted in the issuance of 14,259 shares of common stock. On February 28, 2025, the company announced the departure of Todd Becker as President and Chief Executive Officer, effective March 1, 2025. In accordance with his separation agreement, 221,895 of remaining outstanding performance shares that were granted during 2022, 2023, and 2024 vested immediately at target. The non-vested performance share award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:
| Performance Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years) |
Non-Vested at December 31, 2024 | 538,572 |  |  | $ | 27.82 |  |  |  |
Granted | 360,895 |  |  | 5.48 |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (117,919) |  |  | 28.10 |  |  |  |
Vested | (236,154) |  |  | 28.18 |  |  |  |
Non-Vested at March 31, 2025 | 545,394 |  |  | $ | 12.83 |  |  | 2.5 |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense Compensation costs for the stock-based payment plan were $8.8 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, with the increase primarily driven by accelerated vesting for the company's CEO. At March 31, 2025, there was $13.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs from stock-based compensation related to non-vested awards. This compensation is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.6 years. The potential tax benefit related to stock-based payment is approximately 24.0% of these expenses.

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