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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Consolidated Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Consolidated income before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
2014
  
2015
  
2016
 
          
U.S. 
 
$
184,476
  
$
134,473
  
$
(19,119
)
Foreign 
  
114,031
   
77,486
   
231,958
 
 Total 
 
$
298,507
  
$
211,959
  
$
212,839
 
Provision for Current and Deferred Income Taxes
The provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
2014
  
2015
  
2016
 
Current
         
 Federal 
 
$
37,402
  
$
6,328
  
$
 ─ 
 State 
  
2,095
   
1,483
   
(718
)
 Foreign 
  
48,904
   
50,403
   
70,652
 
   
88,401
   
58,214
   
69,934
 
Deferred
            
 Federal 
  
(380
)
  
16,556
   
(27,171
)
 State 
  
444
   
(674
)
  
1,104
 
 Foreign 
  
20,866
   
4,817
   
25,886
 
   
20,930
   
20,699
   
(181
)
Provision for income taxes 
 
$
109,331
  
$
78,913
  
$
69,753
 
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2015
  
2016
 
Deferred tax assets:
      
 Inventory differences
 
$
5,222
  
$
2,521
 
      Foreign tax credit and other foreign benefits
  
86,729
   
145,169
 
      Stock-based compensation
  
13,842
   
11,470
 
 Accrued expenses not deductible until paid
  
46,597
   
32,796
 
 Foreign currency exchange
  
8,976
   
4,826
 
 Net operating losses
  
10,994
   
9,584
 
 Capitalized research and development
  
1,632
   
358
 
 Exchange gains and losses
  
55,643
  
 
 Other
  
964
   
1,063
 
 Gross deferred tax assets
  
230,599
   
207,787
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
        
Foreign currency exchange
 
   
105
 
Intangibles step-up
  
13,607
   
12,107
 
Overhead allocation to inventory
  
5,101
   
4,820
 
Amortization of intangibles
  
18,733
   
19,091
 
 Foreign outside basis in controlled foreign corporation
  
84,434
   
106,846
 
Other
  
35,257
   
20,572
 
 Gross deferred tax liabilities
  
157,132
   
163,541
 
Valuation allowance
  
(49,271
)
  
(9,137
)
Deferred taxes, net
 
$
24,196
  
$
35,109
 
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Adjustments
The deferred tax asset valuation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2014
  
2015
  
2016
 
          
Balance at the beginning of period 
 
$
10,803
  
$
35,999
  
$
49,271
 
Additions charged to cost and expenses 
  
28,687
   
12,948
   
692
 
Decreases 
  
(3,546
)(1)
  
(2,943
)(1)
  
(40,442
)(4)
Adjustments 
  
55
(2) 
  
3,267
(2) 
  
(384
)(2)
Balance at the end of the period 
 
$
35,999
(3) 
 
$
49,271
(3) 
 
$
9,137
 

(1)
Decreases in valuation allowance due to lapse in statute of limitation of the net operating losses carryforward which had no impact to the income statement.

(2)
Represents the net currency effects of translating valuation allowances at current rates of exchange.

(3)
The increase was due primarily to the deferred tax assets created by the unrealized loss in Venezuela for which the Company set up a full valuation allowance.

(4)
Decrease in valuation allowance due to lapse in statute of limitation of the net operating losses carryforward and due to the write off of Venezuelan deferred tax assets, which had no impact to the income statement.
Components of Deferred Taxes, Net
The components of deferred taxes, net on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2015
  
2016
 
       
Net current deferred tax assets 
 
$  
 ─  
 ─ 
Net noncurrent deferred tax assets 
  
40,373
   
35,752
 
Total net deferred tax assets 
  
40,373
   
35,752
 
         
Net current deferred tax liabilities 
 
  
 
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities 
  
16,177
   
643
 
Total net deferred tax liabilities 
  
16,177
   
643
 
Deferred taxes, net 
 
$
24,196
  
$
35,109
 
Reconciliation of Statutory to Effective Tax Rate
The actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 compared to the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2014
  
2015
  
2016
 
          
Income taxes at statutory rate 
  
35.00
%
  
35.00
%
  
35.00
%
Foreign tax rate differential 
 
   
.92
   
(1.98
)
Non-deductible expenses 
  
0.12
   
0.09
   
0.11
 
Controlled foreign corporation losses 
  
1.48
   
1.09
   
(2.63
)
Section 987 implementation 
 
  
   
2.69
 
Other 
  
0.03
   
0.13
   
(0.42
)
   
36.63
%
  
37.23
%
  
32.77
%