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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Consolidated Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Consolidated income before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
2015
  
2016
  
2017
 
          
U.S. 
 
$
134,473
  
$
(19,119
)
 
$
1,135
 
Foreign 
  
77,486
   
231,958
   
264,432
 
 Total 
 
$
211,959
  
$
212,839
  
$
265,567
 
Current and Deferred Taxes
The provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
2015
  
2016
  
2017
 
Current
         
 Federal 
 
$
6,328
  
$
 ─  
$
(14,358
)
 State 
  
1,483
   
(718
)
  
1,814
 
 Foreign 
  
50,403
   
70,652
   
104,688
 
   
58,214
   
69,934
   
92,144
 
Deferred
            
 Federal 
  
16,556
   
(27,171
)
  
45,593
 
 State 
  
(674
)
  
1,104
   
(2,273
)
 Foreign 
  
4,817
   
25,886
   
666
 
   
20,699
   
(181
)
  
43,986
 
Provision for income taxes 
 
$
78,913
  
$
69,753
  
$
136,130
 
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2016
  
2017
 
Deferred tax assets:
      
 Inventory differences 
 
$
2,521
  
$
2,861
 
      Foreign tax credit and other foreign benefits 
  
145,169
   
52,408
 
      Stock-based compensation 
  
11,470
   
6,327
 
 Accrued expenses not deductible until paid 
  
32,796
   
39,326
 
 Foreign currency exchange 
  
4,826
   
2,001
 
 Net operating losses 
  
9,584
   
5,230
 
 Capitalized research and development 
  
358
   
197
 
 Other 
  
1,063
   
211
 
 Gross deferred tax assets 
  
207,787
   
108,561
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
        
Foreign currency exchange 
  
105
   
874
 
Foreign withholding taxes 
 
   
29,018
 
 Intangibles step-up 
  
12,107
   
6,568
 
Overhead allocation to inventory 
  
4,820
   
3,977
 
 Amortization of intangibles 
  
19,091
   
11,475
 
 Foreign outside basis in controlled foreign corporation
  
106,846
  
 
 Other 
  
20,572
   
2,676
 
 Gross deferred tax liabilities 
  
163,541
   
54,588
 
Valuation allowance 
  
(9,137
)
  
(56,906
)
Deferred taxes, net 
 
$
35,109
  
$
(2,933
)
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Adjustments
The deferred tax asset valuation adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,   
 
  
2015
  
2016
  
2017
 
          
Balance at the beginning of period 
 
$
35,999
  
$
49,271
  
$
9,137
 
Additions charged to cost and expenses 
  
12,948
   
692
   
53,983
(5) 
Decreases 
  
(2,943
)(1)
  
(40,442
)(4)
  
(6,400
)(6)
Adjustments 
  
3,267
(2) 
  
(384
)(2)
  
186
(2) 
Balance at the end of the period 
 
$
49,271
(3) 
 
$
9,137
  
$
56,906
 



(1)
Decreases in valuation allowance due to lapse in statute of limitation of the net operating losses carryforward which had no impact to the income statement.

(2)
Represents the net currency effects of translating valuation allowances at current rates of exchange.

(3)
The increase was due primarily to the deferred tax assets created by the unrealized loss in Venezuela for which the Company set up a full valuation allowance.

(4)
Decrease in valuation allowance due to lapse in statute of limitation of the net operating losses carryforward and due to the write off of Venezuelan deferred tax assets, which had no impact to the income statement.

(5)
Increase in valuation is due primarily to the $52.0 million that was recorded on the foreign tax credit carryforward.  The additional amount is due to net operating losses in foreign markets.

(6)
 Decrease is due primarily to the write-off of Brazil deferred tax assets, which had no impact to the income statement, as a valuation allowance had been previously recorded against the asset.
Deferred Taxes, Net on a Jurisdiction Basis
The components of deferred taxes, net on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

  
Year Ended December 31,
 
  
2016
  
2017
 
       
Net noncurrent deferred tax assets 
 
$
35,752
  
$
33,785
 
         
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities 
  
643
   
36,718
 
         
Deferred taxes, net 
 
$
35,109
  
$
(2,933
)
Reconciliation of Statutory to Effective Tax Rate
The actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 compared to the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:

  
Year Ended December 31,   
 
  
2015
  
2016
  
2017
 
          
Income taxes at statutory rate 
  
35.00
%
  
35.00
%
  
35.00
%
Indefinite reinvestment 
  
.92
   
(1.98
)
  
2.75
 
Excess tax benefit from equity award 
 
  
   
(2.38
)
Non-deductible expenses 
  
0.09
   
0.11
   
0.17
 
Controlled foreign corporation losses 
  
1.09
   
(2.63
)
  
(0.13
)
Valuation allowance recognized foreign tax credit 
 
  
   
19.59
 
Write-off outside basis DTL 
 
  
   
(2.89
)
Revaluation of deferred taxes 
 
  
   
(1.28
)
Section 987 implementation 
 
   
2.69
  
 
Other 
  
0.13
   
(0.42
)
  
0.43
 
   
37.23
%
  
32.77
%
  
51.26
%