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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____________ TO _____________

Commission File Number: 001-12421

| NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |

Delaware |  | 87-0565309
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

| 75 West Center Street Provo, Utah 84601 |
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |

| (801) 345-1000 |
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | NUS |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of October 31, 2021, 49,823,307 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, $.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q – THIRD QUARTER 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 26
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 26
Part II. | Other Information |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 27
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 27
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
| Item 5. | Other Information | 31
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
| Signature | 33

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “dollars” and “$” are to United States (“U.S.”) dollars.
Nu Skin, Pharmanex, and ageLOC are our trademarks. The italicized product names used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are product names and also, in certain cases, our trademarks.

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 282,412 |  |  | $ | 402,683 |
Current investments |  |  | 19,190 |  |  |  | 21,216 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 52,441 |  |  |  | 63,370 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 415,203 |  |  |  | 314,366 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 121,626 |  |  |  | 101,563 |
Total current assets |  |  | 890,872 |  |  |  | 903,198 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 464,049 |  |  |  | 468,181 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 128,887 |  |  |  | 155,104 |
Goodwill |  |  | 215,582 |  |  |  | 202,979 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 88,497 |  |  |  | 89,532 |
Other assets |  |  | 186,522 |  |  |  | 138,082 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,974,409 |  |  | $ | 1,957,076 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 52,023 |  |  | $ | 66,174 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 378,573 |  |  |  | 446,682 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 110,000 |  |  |  | 30,000 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 540,596 |  |  |  | 542,856 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 95,741 |  |  |  | 112,275 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 278,563 |  |  |  | 305,393 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 123,032 |  |  |  | 102,281 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,037,932 |  |  |  | 1,062,805 |
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5 and 11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A common stock – 500 million shares authorized, $0.001 par value, 90.6 million shares issued |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 91 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 590,678 |  |  |  | 579,801 |
Treasury stock, at cost – 40.5 million and 39.7 million shares |  |  | (1,518,535 | ) |  |  | (1,461,593 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (75,658 | ) |  |  | (64,768 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,939,901 |  |  |  | 1,840,740 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 936,477 |  |  |  | 894,271 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,974,409 |  |  | $ | 1,957,076 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  | $ | 641,152 |  |  | $ | 703,347 |  |  | $ | 2,022,233 |  |  | $ | 1,833,741 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 158,907 |  |  |  | 183,374 |  |  |  | 501,448 |  |  |  | 463,277 |
Gross profit |  |  | 482,245 |  |  |  | 519,973 |  |  |  | 1,520,785 |  |  |  | 1,370,464 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expenses |  |  | 255,719 |  |  |  | 280,695 |  |  |  | 807,358 |  |  |  | 735,365 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 161,142 |  |  |  | 165,050 |  |  |  | 499,754 |  |  |  | 466,232 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 416,861 |  |  |  | 445,745 |  |  |  | 1,307,112 |  |  |  | 1,201,597 |
Operating income |  |  | 65,384 |  |  |  | 74,228 |  |  |  | 213,673 |  |  |  | 168,867 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 2,781 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | (4,068 | )
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  | 68,165 |  |  |  | 74,753 |  |  |  | 214,024 |  |  |  | 164,799 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 18,436 |  |  |  | 18,446 |  |  |  | 57,527 |  |  |  | 46,911 |
Net income |  | $ | 49,729 |  |  | $ | 56,307 |  |  | $ | 156,497 |  |  | $ | 117,888 |
Net income per share (Note 6): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.99 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 3.11 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 3.03 |  |  | $ | 2.23 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 50,098 |  |  |  | 51,308 |  |  |  | 50,304 |  |  |  | 52,741 |
Diluted |  |  | 51,260 |  |  |  | 52,243 |  |  |  | 51,629 |  |  |  | 52,906 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income |  | $ | 49,729 |  |  | $ | 56,307 |  |  | $ | 156,497 |  |  | $ | 117,888 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes of $(1) and $(8) for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1 and $(3) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively |  |  | (7,165 | ) |  |  | 10,022 |  |  |  | (13,431 | ) |  |  | 1,873 |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges, net of taxes of $(7) and $(83) for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $(678) and $(83) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 2,455 |  |  |  | 305 |
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses/(gains) in current earnings on cash flow hedges, net of taxes of $(10) and $(2) for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $(24) and $(2) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 6 |
|  |  | (7,105 | ) |  |  | 10,333 |  |  |  | (10,890 | ) |  |  | 2,184 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 42,624 |  |  | $ | 66,640 |  |  | $ | 145,607 |  |  | $ | 120,072 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at July 1, 2021 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 586,976 |  |  | $ | (1,509,867 | ) |  | $ | (68,553 | ) |  | $ | 1,909,179 |  |  | $ | 917,826 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 49,729 |  |  |  | 49,729 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,105 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,105 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,005 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,005 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.1 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 1,337 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,946 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,093 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,093 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,007 | ) |  |  | (19,007 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 590,678 |  |  | $ | (1,518,535 | ) |  | $ | (75,658 | ) |  | $ | 1,939,901 |  |  | $ | 936,477 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at July 1, 2020 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 563,115 |  |  | $ | (1,427,064 | ) |  | $ | (93,441 | ) |  | $ | 1,749,311 |  |  | $ | 792,012 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,307 |  |  |  | 56,307 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,333 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,333 |
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,994 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,994 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (— million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 684 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 945 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,115 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,115 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,245 | ) |  |  | (19,245 | )
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 570,491 |  |  | $ | (1,446,374 | ) |  | $ | (83,108 | ) |  | $ | 1,786,373 |  |  | $ | 827,473 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 579,801 |  |  | $ | (1,461,593 | ) |  | $ | (64,768 | ) |  | $ | 1,840,740 |  |  | $ | 894,271 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 156,497 |  |  |  | 156,497 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,890 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,890 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (70,415 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (70,415 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.6 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,599 | ) |  |  | 13,473 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,874 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,476 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,476 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (57,336 | ) |  |  | (57,336 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 590,678 |  |  | $ | (1,518,535 | ) |  | $ | (75,658 | ) |  | $ | 1,939,901 |  |  | $ | 936,477 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 557,544 |  |  | $ | (1,324,826 | ) |  | $ | (85,292 | ) |  | $ | 1,727,772 |  |  | $ | 875,289 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117,888 |  |  |  | 117,888 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,184 |
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (127,361 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (127,361 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.3 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,492 | ) |  |  | 5,813 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,321 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,439 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,439 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (59,287 | ) |  |  | (59,287 | )
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 570,491 |  |  | $ | (1,446,374 | ) |  | $ | (83,108 | ) |  | $ | 1,786,373 |  |  | $ | 827,473 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 156,497 |  |  | $ | 117,888 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 57,858 |  |  |  | 55,279 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | 40,703 |  |  |  | 34,087 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 16,476 |  |  |  | 15,439 |
Foreign currency losses |  |  | 5,501 |  |  |  | 1,203 |
Loss on disposal of assets |  |  | 13,210 |  |  |  | 2,516 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 3,846 |  |  |  | (7,931 | )
Unrealized (gain)/losses on equity investments |  |  | (18,077) |  |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 8,377 |  |  |  | (9,273 | )
Inventories, net |  |  | (109,371 | ) |  |  | 4,882 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | (29,311 | ) |  |  | 4,180 |
Other assets |  |  | (18,438 | ) |  |  | (76,487 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (11,182 | ) |  |  | 15,884 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | (89,993 | ) |  |  | 99,438 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 5,977 |  |  |  | 27,343 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 32,073 |  |  |  | 284,448 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (50,384 | ) |  |  | (48,810 | )
Proceeds on investment sales |  |  | 11,171 |  |  |  | 7,630 |
Purchases of investments |  |  | (14,973 | ) |  |  | (8,759 | )
Acquisitions (net of cash acquired) |  |  | (18,963 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (73,149 | ) |  |  | (49,939 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercise of employee stock options and taxes paid related to the net shares settlement of stock awards |  |  | 7,874 |  |  |  | 3,321 |
Payment of cash dividends |  |  | (57,336 | ) |  |  | (59,287 | )
Repurchases of shares of common stock |  |  | (70,415 | ) |  |  | (127,361 | )
Finance lease principal payments |  |  | (1,409 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments of debt |  |  | (77,500 | ) |  |  | (135,000 | )
Proceeds from debt |  |  | 130,000 |  |  |  | 115,000 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (68,786 | ) |  |  | (203,327 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (10,409 | ) |  |  | (102 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (120,271 | ) |  |  | 31,080 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 402,683 |  |  |  | 335,630 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 282,412 |  |  | $ | 366,710 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. | The Company

Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company, with Nu Skin, being the primary operating unit. Nu Skin develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative beauty and wellness products that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin, Pharmanex and ageLOC brands and a small number of other products and services. The Company reports revenue from ten segments, consisting of its seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Mainland China; Americas, which includes Canada, Latin America and the United States; South Korea; Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), which includes markets in Europe as well as Israel, Russia and South Africa; Japan; Southeast Asia/Pacific, which includes Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam; and Hong Kong/Taiwan, which also includes Macau—and three Rhyz Investments segments—Manufacturing, which includes manufacturing and packaging subsidiaries it has acquired; Grow Tech, which focuses on developing controlled-environment agriculture technologies and Rhyz other, which includes other investments by its Rhyz strategic investment arm (the Company’s subsidiaries operating within each segment are collectively referred to as the “Subsidiaries”).

2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its Subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial information as of September 30, 2021, and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the fiscal year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been prepared using information from the audited financial statements at that date. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued, ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying US GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020-04 applies only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and are effective upon issuance for all entities. The Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.
Inventory
Inventories consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 182,656 |  |  | $ | 118,877 |
Finished goods |  |  | 232,547 |  |  |  | 195,489 |
Total Inventory, net |  | $ | 415,203 |  |  | $ | 314,366 |

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Revenue Recognition
Contract Liabilities – Customer Loyalty Programs
Contract liabilities, recorded as deferred revenue within the accrued expenses line in the consolidated balance sheets, include loyalty point program deferrals with certain customers which are accounted for as a reduction in the transaction price and are generally recognized as points are redeemed for additional products.
The balance of deferred revenue related to contract liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $24.5 million and $18.2 million, respectively. The contract liabilities impact to revenue for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 was a decrease of $0.7 million and a decrease of $1.8 million, respectively. The impact to revenue for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 was a decrease of $6.3 million and a decrease of $5.3 million, respectively.
Equity Investments
The Company holds strategic investments in other companies. These investments are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities ("ASC 321") for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The Company does not exercise significant influence over these companies. These investments are carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within Other Assets. Changes in fair value based on impairments or resulting from observable price changes are recorded in Other Income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Operations. See Note 7 – Fair Value and Equity Investments, for further details around the Company’s equity investments.

3. | Goodwill

The Company’s reporting units for goodwill are its operating segments, which are also its reportable segments.
The following table presents goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 32,179 |  |  | $ | 32,179 |
Americas |  |  | 9,449 |  |  |  | 9,449 |
South Korea |  |  | 29,261 |  |  |  | 29,261 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 18,537 |  |  |  | 18,537 |
EMEA |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 2,875 |
Japan |  |  | 16,019 |  |  |  | 16,019 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 6,634 |  |  |  | 6,634 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 78,875 |  |  |  | 78,875 |
Grow Tech |  |  | 9,150 |  |  |  | 9,150 |
Rhyz Other |  |  | 12,603 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 215,582 |  |  | $ | 202,979 |

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4. | Debt

Credit Agreement
On April 18, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with several financial institutions as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $400 million term loan facility and a $350 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. Both facilities bear interest at the LIBOR, plus a margin based on the consolidated leverage ratio. The term loan facility amortizes in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 5.0% during the first and second years, 7.5% during the third and fourth years and 10.0% during the fifth year after the closing date of the Credit Agreement, with the remainder payable at final maturity. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio not exceeding 2.25 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.
The following table summarizes the Company’s debt facilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Facility or Arrangement |  | Original Principal Amount |  | Balance as of September 30, 2021 (1)(2) |  | Balance as of December 31, 2020 (1)(2) |  | Interest Rate |  | Repayment Terms
Credit Agreement term loan facility |  | $ | 400.0 million |  | $ | 315.0 million |  | $ | 337.5 million |  | Variable 30 day: 2.33% |  | 35% of the principal amount is payable in increasing quarterly installments over a five-year period that began on June 30, 2018, with the remainder payable at the end of the five-year term.
Credit Agreement revolving credit facility |  |  |  |  | $ | 75.0 million |  | $ | — |  | Variable 30 day: 2.33% |  | Revolving line of credit expires April 18, 2023.

(1) | As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the current portion of the Company’s debt (i.e. becoming due in the next 12 months) included $35.0 million and $30.0 million, respectively, of the balance of its term loan under the Credit Agreement.

(2) | The carrying value of the debt reflects the amounts stated in the above table, less debt issuance costs of $1.4 million and $2.1 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, related to the Credit Agreement, which are not reflected in this table.

5. | Leases

As of September 30, 2021, the weighted average remaining lease term was 6.7 and 4.0 years for operating and finance leases, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the weighted average discount rate was 4.0% and 3.8% for operating and finance leases, respectively.
The components of lease expense were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Operating lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 12,193 |  |  | $ | 13,038 |  |  | $ | 37,408 |  |  | $ | 39,043 |
Variable lease cost |  |  | 1,121 |  |  |  | 678 |  |  |  | 4,145 |  |  |  | 2,062 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 258 |
Sublease income |  |  | (1,352 | ) |  |  | (1,075 | ) |  |  | (5,164 | ) |  |  | (3,264 | )
Finance lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,811 |  |  |  | — |
Interest on lease liabilities |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | — |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 12,646 |  |  | $ | 12,759 |  |  | $ | 39,038 |  |  | $ | 38,099 |

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Operating cash outflow from operating leases |  | $ | 40,072 |  |  | $ | 40,865 |
Operating cash outflow from finance leases |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | — |
Financing cash outflow from finance leases |  | $ | 1,409 |  |  | $ | — |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations |  | $ | 19,120 |  |  | $ | 62,514 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | — |

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Year Ending December 31 |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Finance Leases |
2021 |  | $ | 11,911 |  |  | $ | 535 |
2022 |  |  | 35,502 |  |  |  | 2,150 |
2023 |  |  | 24,955 |  |  |  | 2,069 |
2024 |  |  | 19,610 |  |  |  | 1,958 |
2025 |  |  | 14,725 |  |  |  | 1,385 |
Thereafter |  |  | 41,327 |  |  |  | 262 |
Total |  |  | 148,030 |  |  |  | 8,359 |
Less: Finance charges |  |  | 18,241 |  |  |  | 622 |
Total principal liability |  | $ | 129,789 |  |  | $ | 7,737 |

The Company has additional lease liabilities of $0.1 million which have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2021, and as such, have not been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets.

6. | Capital Stock

Net income per share
Net income per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the periods presented. For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, stock options of 0.1 million and 0.2 million, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, stock options of 0.1 million and 0.6 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
Dividends
In February, May and August 2021, the Company’s board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.38 per share. These quarterly cash dividends of $19.3 million $19.0 million and $19.0 million were paid on March 10, 2021, June 9, 2021 and September 8, 2021 to stockholders of record on February 26, 2021, May 28, 2021 and August 27, 2021. In November 2021, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.38 per share to be paid on December 8, 2021 to stockholders of record on November 26, 2021.
Repurchase of common stock
During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company repurchased 0.2 million and 0.4 million shares of its Class A common stock under its stock repurchase plan for $10.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company repurchased 1.4 million shares and 4.8 million shares of its Class A common stock under its stock repurchase plan for $70.4 million and $127.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, $255.4 million was available for repurchases under the Company’s stock repurchase plan.
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7. | Fair Value and Equity Investments

Fair Value
The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of debt approximates fair value due to the variable 30-day interest rate. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information.
The FASB Codification defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. On a quarterly basis, the Company measures at fair value certain financial assets, including cash equivalents. Accounting standards specify a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

| ◾ | Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

| ◾ | Level 2 – inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly;

| ◾ | Level 3 – unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.

Accounting standards permit companies, at their option, to measure certain financial instruments and other eligible items at fair value. The Company has elected not to apply the fair value option to existing eligible items beyond what is required by US GAAP.
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Fair Value at September 30, 2021 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets (liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents and current investments |  | $ | 74,360 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,360 |
Derivative financial instruments asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,395 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,395 |
Life insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,625 |  |  |  | 48,625 |
Derivative financial instruments liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (112 | )
Contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12,132 | ) |  |  | (12,132 | )
Total |  | $ | 74,360 |  |  | $ | 4,283 |  |  | $ | 36,493 |  |  | $ | 115,136 |

|  | Fair Value at December 31, 2020 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets (liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents and current investments |  | $ | 56,628 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,628 |
Derivative financial instruments asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,145 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,145 |
Life insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45,453 |  |  |  | 45,453 |
Derivative financial instruments liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (105 | )
Contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,125 | ) |  |  | (3,125 | )
Total |  | $ | 56,628 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | $ | 42,328 |  |  | $ | 99,996 |

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 life insurance contracts (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Beginning balance at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 45,453 |
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 3,172 |
Purchase and issuances |  |  | 7,016 |
Sales and settlements |  |  | (7,016 | )
Transfers into Level 3 |  |  | — |
Ending balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 48,625 |

Life insurance contracts: ASC 820 preserves practicability exceptions to fair value measurements provided by other applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP. The guidance in ASC 715-30-35-60 allows a reporting entity, as a practical expedient, to use cash surrender value or conversion value as an expedient for fair value when it is present. Accordingly, the Company determines the fair value of its life insurance contracts as the cash-surrender value of life insurance policies held in its Rabbi Trust.
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The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 contingent consideration (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Beginning balance at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | (3,125 | )
Additions from acquisitions |  |  | (8,702 | )
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | (305 | )
Ending balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | (12,132 | )

Contingent consideration: Contingent consideration represents the obligations incurred in connection with acquisitions. The estimate of fair value of the contingent consideration obligations requires subjective assumptions to be made regarding the future business results, discount rates, discount periods and probabilities assigned to various potential business result scenarios and was determined using probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of reaching various targets or of achieving certain milestones. The fair value measurement is based on significant inputs unobservable in the market and thus represents a level 3 measurement. Changes in current expectations of progress could change the probability of achieving the targets within the measurement periods and result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation.
Equity Investments
The Company maintains equity investments in companies which are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321-10-35-2 for equity securities that lack readily determinable fair values. The carrying amount of equity securities held by the Company without readily determinable fair values was $28.1 million as of September 30, 2021 and $5.0 million as of December 31, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made an additional investment of $5.0 million. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company recognized $18.1 million upward fair value adjustments, based on the valuation of additional equity issued by the investee which was deemed to be an observable transaction of a similar investment under ASC 321. The gain was recorded within Other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Operations. The upward fair value adjustment represents a nonrecurriing fair value measurement based on observable price changes and is classified as a level 2 fair value measurement.

8. | Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the three- and nine-month periods of 2021 was $18.4 million and $57.5 million, compared to $18.4 million and $46.9 million for the prior-year periods. The effective tax rates for the three- and nine-month periods were 27.0% and 26.9% of pre-tax income compared to 24.7% and 28.5% in the prior-year periods.
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes.” These standards establish financial accounting and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprise’s activities during the current and preceding years. The Company takes an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. The Company pays income taxes in many foreign jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions between the Company and its foreign affiliates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in this process. The Company has netted these deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized. The Company had net deferred tax assets of $25.5 million and $34.8 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The Company evaluates its indefinite reinvestment assertions with respect to foreign earnings for each quarter. For all foreign earnings, the Company accrues the applicable foreign income taxes. For the earnings that have been indefinitely reinvested, the Company does not accrue foreign withholding taxes. Undistributed earnings that the Company has indefinitely reinvested, for which no foreign withholding taxes have been provided, aggregate to $60.0 million as of December 31, 2020. If the amount designated as indefinitely reinvested as of December 31, 2020 was repatriated to the United States, the amount of incremental taxes would be approximately $6.0 million. The Company intends to utilize the indefinitely reinvested offshore earnings to fund foreign investments, specifically capital expenditures.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to tax examinations from the IRS for all years for which tax returns have been filed before 2020. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for the years before 2017. In 2009, the Company entered into a voluntary program with the IRS called Compliance Assurance Process (“CAP”). The objective of CAP is to contemporaneously work with the IRS to achieve federal tax compliance and resolve all or most of the issues prior to filing of the tax return. The Company has elected to participate in CAP for 2021 and may elect to continue participating in CAP for future tax years; the Company may withdraw from the program at any time. In major foreign jurisdictions, the Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations for years before 2015. However, statutes of limitations in certain countries may be as long as ten years. The Company is currently under examination in certain foreign jurisdictions; however, the outcomes of those reviews are not yet determinable. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits relate to multiple jurisdictions. Due to potential increases in unrecognized tax benefits from the multiple jurisdictions in which the Company operates, as well as the expiration of various statutes of limitations, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, net of foreign currency adjustments, may decrease in the next 12 months by approximately $3.0 to $4.0 million.
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9. | Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. During 2021, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt.
For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense/income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense/income as interest payments are made/received on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $112 thousand will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had four outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with a total notional amount of $200 million.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:

|  |  |  | Fair Values of Derivative Instruments |
Derivatives in Cash flow Hedging Relationships: |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Interest Rate Swap - Asset |  | Other Assets |  | $ | 4,395 |  |  | $ | 1,145 |
Interest Rate Swap - Liability |  | Accrued Expenses |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 105 |

Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.

|  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
Derivatives in Cash flow |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Hedging Relationships: |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 3,133 |  |  | $ | 388 |

|  |  |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income |
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
Derivatives in Cash flow |  | Income Statement |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Hedging Relationships: |  | Location |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | Other Income (Expense), Net |  | $ | (45 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (110 | ) |  | $ | (8 | )

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10. | Segment Information

The Company reports revenue from ten segments, consisting of its seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Mainland China, Americas, South Korea, Southeast Asia/Pacific, Japan, EMEA, and Hong Kong/Taiwan—and three Rhyz Investments segments—Manufacturing, Grow Tech and Rhyz other. The Nu Skin other category includes miscellaneous corporate revenue and related adjustments. The Rhyz other segment includes other investments by our Rhyz strategic investment arm. These segments reflect the way the chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s business performance and allocates resources. Reported revenue includes only the revenue generated by sales to external customers.
Profitability by segment as determined under US GAAP is driven primarily by the Company’s transfer pricing policies. Segment contribution, which is the Company’s segment profitability metric presented in the table below, excludes certain intercompany charges, specifically royalties, license fees, transfer pricing, discrete charges and other miscellaneous items. These charges have been included in Corporate and other expenses. Corporate and other expenses also include costs related to the Company’s executive and administrative offices, information technology, research and development, and marketing and supply chain functions not recorded at the segment level.
In the first quarter of 2021, as a result of a change in the Company’s transfer pricing policies in the Americas, the segment contribution calculation has been adjusted. The prior year Americas and Corporate and other has been recast to conform with the new policy.
Beginning in July 2021, the Company has changed how the chief operating decision maker manages and reports the Pacific market. The Pacific market will be now be reported with the Southeast Asia segment and no longer with the Americas segment. Segment information has been recast to reflect the move of the Pacific components from the "America/Pacific" operating segment to the "Southeast Asia/Pacific" operating segment. Consolidated financial information is not affected.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on revenue and segment contribution. Each segment records direct expenses related to its employees and its operations.
Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following tables. Asset information is not reviewed or included with the Company’s internal management reporting. Therefore, the Company has not disclosed asset information for each reportable segment.
Revenue by Segment

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 134,291 |  |  | $ | 169,068 |  |  | $ | 438,066 |  |  | $ | 453,096 |
Americas |  |  | 131,482 |  |  |  | 133,618 |  |  |  | 403,755 |  |  |  | 312,436 |
South Korea |  |  | 91,989 |  |  |  | 83,460 |  |  |  | 261,724 |  |  |  | 236,094 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 79,081 |  |  |  | 101,949 |  |  |  | 246,338 |  |  |  | 262,038 |
EMEA |  |  | 55,839 |  |  |  | 61,411 |  |  |  | 215,134 |  |  |  | 147,590 |
Japan |  |  | 65,117 |  |  |  | 70,958 |  |  |  | 203,001 |  |  |  | 200,549 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 39,921 |  |  |  | 42,265 |  |  |  | 114,795 |  |  |  | 115,253 |
Nu Skin other |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | 374 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 598,609 |  |  |  | 662,415 |  |  |  | 1,885,163 |  |  |  | 1,727,430 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing (1) |  |  | 41,635 |  |  |  | 40,910 |  |  |  | 135,760 |  |  |  | 105,975 |
Grow Tech |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 336 |
Rhyz other |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | — |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 42,543 |  |  |  | 40,932 |  |  |  | 137,070 |  |  |  | 106,311 |
Total |  | $ | 641,152 |  |  | $ | 703,347 |  |  | $ | 2,022,233 |  |  | $ | 1,833,741 |

(1) | The Manufacturing segment had $27.4 million and $10.9 million of intersegment revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $68.0 million and $24.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Intersegment revenue is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported segment revenue in the table above.

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Segment Contribution

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 30,677 |  |  | $ | 54,522 |  |  | $ | 121,596 |  |  | $ | 135,577 |
Americas |  |  | 25,752 |  |  |  | 20,618 |  |  |  | 83,495 |  |  |  | 48,730 |
South Korea |  |  | 28,984 |  |  |  | 25,232 |  |  |  | 84,401 |  |  |  | 73,421 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 19,020 |  |  |  | 23,892 |  |  |  | 59,881 |  |  |  | 62,263 |
EMEA |  |  | 6,693 |  |  |  | 7,111 |  |  |  | 29,270 |  |  |  | 11,084 |
Japan |  |  | 16,267 |  |  |  | 18,245 |  |  |  | 50,709 |  |  |  | 49,292 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 8,940 |  |  |  | 9,048 |  |  |  | 24,848 |  |  |  | 22,825 |
Nu Skin contribution |  |  | 136,333 |  |  |  | 158,668 |  |  |  | 454,200 |  |  |  | 403,192 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 3,059 |  |  |  | 6,749 |  |  |  | 15,649 |  |  |  | 15,000 |
Grow Tech |  |  | (6,798 | ) |  |  | (5,322 | ) |  |  | (19,869 | ) |  |  | (17,659 | )
Rhyz other |  |  | (659 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,178 | ) |  |  | — |
Rhyz Investments contribution |  |  | (4,398 | ) |  |  | 1,427 |  |  |  | (5,398 | ) |  |  | (2,659 | )
Total segment contribution |  |  | 131,935 |  |  |  | 160,095 |  |  |  | 448,802 |  |  |  | 400,533 |
Corporate and other |  |  | (66,551 | ) |  |  | (85,867 | ) |  |  | (235,129 | ) |  |  | (231,666 | )
Operating income |  |  | 65,384 |  |  |  | 74,228 |  |  |  | 213,673 |  |  |  | 168,867 |
Other income (expense) |  |  | 2,781 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | (4,068 | )
Income before provision for income taxes |  | $ | 68,165 |  |  | $ | 74,753 |  |  | $ | 214,024 |  |  | $ | 164,799 |

Depreciation and Amortization

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 3,253 |  |  | $ | 2,649 |  |  | $ | 9,868 |  |  | $ | 7,631 |
Americas |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 656 |  |  |  | 714 |
South Korea |  |  | 805 |  |  |  | 756 |  |  |  | 2,768 |  |  |  | 2,731 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 1,096 |  |  |  | 1,300 |
EMEA |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 850 |  |  |  | 731 |
Japan |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | 699 |  |  |  | 1,602 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 691 |  |  |  | 2,794 |  |  |  | 1,948 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 6,112 |  |  |  | 5,208 |  |  |  | 18,731 |  |  |  | 16,657 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 3,069 |  |  |  | 2,077 |  |  |  | 8,644 |  |  |  | 5,954 |
Grow Tech |  |  | 1,303 |  |  |  | 1,302 |  |  |  | 4,002 |  |  |  | 3,775 |
Rhyz other |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 987 |  |  |  | — |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 4,964 |  |  |  | 3,379 |  |  |  | 13,633 |  |  |  | 9,729 |
Corporate and other |  |  | 8,857 |  |  |  | 9,333 |  |  |  | 25,494 |  |  |  | 28,893 |
Total |  | $ | 19,933 |  |  | $ | 17,920 |  |  | $ | 57,858 |  |  | $ | 55,279 |

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Capital Expenditures

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 3,237 |  |  | $ | 9,000 |  |  | $ | 15,170 |  |  | $ | 12,577 |
Americas |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 885 |
South Korea |  |  | — |  |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 508 |  |  |  | 537 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 1,256 |  |  |  | 1,015 |  |  |  | 1,899 |
EMEA |  |  | 391 |  |  |  | 718 |  |  |  | 821 |  |  |  | 1,378 |
Japan |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 3,132 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 23 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 3,928 |  |  |  | 12,761 |  |  |  | 18,124 |  |  |  | 20,431 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 2,604 |  |  |  | 2,113 |  |  |  | 11,604 |  |  |  | 13,221 |
Grow Tech |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 1,215 |  |  |  | 760 |
Rhyz other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 2,816 |  |  |  | 2,456 |  |  |  | 12,819 |  |  |  | 13,981 |
Corporate and other |  |  | 6,791 |  |  |  | 4,901 |  |  |  | 19,441 |  |  |  | 14,398 |
Total |  | $ | 13,535 |  |  | $ | 20,118 |  |  | $ | 50,384 |  |  | $ | 48,810 |

11. | Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to government regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling and packaging, product claims and advertising, and the Company’s direct selling system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax and customs authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the Company’s sales force is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations. In addition, in any country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes, laws, rules or regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its operations. No assurance can be given that the Company’s compliance with applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by foreign authorities or that such challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company and its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation, investigations and other proceedings involving various matters. Management believes that the ultimate liability arising from such claims and contingencies, if any, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company believes it has appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the calculation of its tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the Company’s reserves, which would impact its reported financial results.
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12. | Acquisitions

In December 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interest of Ingredient Innovations International Company (“3i”). The purchase price for 3i was $15.7 million, net of cash acquired of $2.1 million and $0.8 million to be paid within six months, all payable in cash. In addition, there is potential for an incremental $7.0 million in contingent consideration, which becomes payable if certain performance targets are reached in 2021 and 2022. The fair value of the contingent consideration recorded on the acquisition date was $3.1 million. The Company allocated the gross purchase price of $24.5 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $14.4 million of intangible assets, $0.3 million of property and equipment, $2.1 million of cash, $0.8 million of accounts receivable and less than $0.3 million of inventory, and the acquisition also included approximately $0.3 million of current liabilities and resulted in a deferred tax liability of $3.1 million. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $6.4 million was recorded as goodwill. The intangible assets acquired were comprised of $3.7 million for Customer relationships, $10.0 million for technology and $0.7 million for other intangibles, all with an assigned estimated useful life of approximately 8 years. All the goodwill was assigned to our Manufacturing segment. The allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition was finalized during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
In April 2021, the Company acquired 100% ownership in MyFavoriteThings, Inc. (“Mavely”) making Mavely a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The acquisition enables the Company to continue to expand its digital tools. The purchase price for Mavely was $16.8 million, net of cash acquired of $0.4 million and $0.9 million to be paid within six months, all payable in cash. In addition, there is potential for an incremental $24.0 million in contingent consideration, which becomes payable if certain revenue and profitability targets are reached in 2021, 2022 and 2023. The fair value of the contingent consideration recorded on the acquisition date was $8.7 million. The Company allocated the gross purchase price of $29.4 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $16.4 million of intangible assets, $0.4 million of cash, $0.1 million of accounts receivable, and also resulted in a deferred tax liability of $3.5 million. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $12.6 million was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired were comprised of $2.0 million for customer relationships, $11.3 million for technology, $2.8 million for trademarks and $0.3 million for other intangibles. The intangibles were assigned useful lives of 8 years for the technology and tradename, approximately 4 years for the customer relationships and 3 years for the other intangibles. All the goodwill was assigned to our Rhyz other segment. The allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition was finalized during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that represent our current expectations and beliefs. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws and include, but are not limited to, statements of management’s expectations regarding our performance, initiatives, strategies, product introductions and offerings, growth, opportunities and risks; statements of projections regarding future sales, expenses, operating results, taxes and duties, capital expenditures, sources and uses of cash, foreign-currency fluctuations or devaluations, repatriation of undistributed earnings, and other financial items; statements of management’s expectations and beliefs regarding our markets and global economic conditions; statements regarding the payment of future dividends and stock repurchases; statements regarding the outcome of litigation, audits, investigations or other regulatory actions; statements regarding government policies and regulations relating to our industry, including government policies and regulations in Mainland China; accounting estimates and assumptions; statements of belief; and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “optimistic,” “project,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “targets,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “may,” “might,” the negative of these words and other similar words. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution and advise readers that these statements are based on assumptions that may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations and beliefs contained herein. For a summary of these risks, see the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2020 fiscal year and in our subsequent quarterly and other reports, including this Quarterly Report.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2020 fiscal year, and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission through the date of this Quarterly Report.
Overview
Revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased 9% to $641.2 million, compared to $703.3 million in the prior-year period, and revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 increased 10% to $2.0 billion, compared to $1.8 billion in the prior-year period. Sales Leaders decreased 15% and Customers decreased 9% on a year-over-year basis. Our reported revenue benefited 2% and 4% from foreign-currency fluctuations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Our third quarter revenue was softer than anticipated as the COVID-19 delta variant created unexpected disruptions in many of our markets. The unanticipated government restrictions impacted our ability to sell and distribute products, with the largest impact in our Mainland China and Southeast Asia/Pacific markets, and also disrupted our promotional activities such as the incentive trips and the performance of local expos in several markets. The revenue growth for the first nine months of 2021 benefited from a strong first half of 2021 where we benefitted from social commerce. We are continuing the launch of our two new products Beauty Focus Collagen+ and ageLOC Meta, with both being generally available for purchase in 2022.
Earnings per share for the third quarter of 2021 decreased 10% to $0.97, compared to $1.08 in the prior-year period. Earnings per share for the first nine months of 2021 increased 36% to $3.03, compared to $2.23 in the prior-year period. The decrease in earnings per share for the third quarter was primarily driven by the decrease in revenue. The increase in earnings per share for the first nine-months of 2021 was driven by the increase in revenue and fixed nature of general and administrative expenses on the increased revenue.
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Segment Results
We report our business in ten segments to reflect our current management approach. These segments consist of our seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Mainland China, Americas, South Korea, Southeast Asia/Pacific, Japan, Hong Kong/Taiwan, and EMEA—and our three Rhyz Investment segments—Manufacturing, Grow Tech and Rhyz other. The Nu Skin other category includes miscellaneous corporate revenue and related adjustments. The Rhyz other segment includes other investments by our Rhyz strategic investment arm, which were entered into during the second quarter of 2021.
The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 for each of our reportable segments (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Constant- Currency |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Constant- Currency |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Change |  |  | Change(1) |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Change |  |  | Change(1) |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 134,291 |  |  | $ | 169,068 |  |  |  | (21 | )% |  |  | (26 | )% |  | $ | 438,066 |  |  | $ | 453,096 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |  | (11 | )%
Americas |  |  | 131,482 |  |  |  | 133,618 |  |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | 403,755 |  |  |  | 312,436 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 28 | %
South Korea |  |  | 91,989 |  |  |  | 83,460 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 261,724 |  |  |  | 236,094 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 79,081 |  |  |  | 101,949 |  |  |  | (22 | )% |  |  | (23 | )% |  |  | 246,338 |  |  |  | 262,038 |  |  |  | (6 | )% |  |  | (9 | )%
EMEA |  |  | 55,839 |  |  |  | 61,411 |  |  |  | (9 | )% |  |  | (11 | )% |  |  | 215,134 |  |  |  | 147,590 |  |  |  | 46 | % |  |  | 36 | %
Japan |  |  | 65,117 |  |  |  | 70,958 |  |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | (5 | )% |  |  | 203,001 |  |  |  | 200,549 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 2 | %
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 39,921 |  |  |  | 42,265 |  |  |  | (6 | )% |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | 114,795 |  |  |  | 115,253 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )%
Nu Skin other |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | 383 | % |  |  | 382 | % |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 528 | % |  |  | 530 | %
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 598,609 |  |  |  | 662,415 |  |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | (11 | )% |  |  | 1,885,163 |  |  |  | 1,727,430 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 41,635 |  |  |  | 40,910 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 135,760 |  |  |  | 105,975 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 28 | %
Grow Tech |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 3,459 | % |  |  | 3,459 | % |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 241 | % |  |  | 241 | %
Rhyz other |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 42,543 |  |  |  | 40,932 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 137,070 |  |  |  | 106,311 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 29 | %
Total |  | $ | 641,152 |  |  | $ | 703,347 |  |  |  | (9 | )% |  |  | (11 | )% |  | $ | 2,022,233 |  |  | $ | 1,833,741 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 6 | %

(1) | Constant-currency revenue change is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” below.

The following table sets forth segment contribution for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 for each of our reportable segments (U.S. dollars in thousands). Segment contribution excludes certain intercompany charges, specifically royalties, license fees, transfer pricing and other miscellaneous items. We use segment contribution to measure the portion of profitability that the segment managers have the ability to manage for their respective segments. For additional information regarding our segments and the calculation of segment contribution, see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Change |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Change |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainland China |  | $ | 30,677 |  |  | $ | 54,522 |  |  |  | (44 | )% |  | $ | 121,596 |  |  | $ | 135,577 |  |  |  | (10 | )%
Americas |  |  | 25,752 |  |  |  | 20,618 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 83,495 |  |  |  | 48,730 |  |  |  | 71 | %
South Korea |  |  | 28,984 |  |  |  | 25,232 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 84,401 |  |  |  | 73,421 |  |  |  | 15 | %
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 19,020 |  |  |  | 23,892 |  |  |  | (20 | )% |  |  | 59,881 |  |  |  | 62,263 |  |  |  | (4 | )%
EMEA |  |  | 6,693 |  |  |  | 7,111 |  |  |  | (6 | )% |  |  | 29,270 |  |  |  | 11,084 |  |  |  | 164 | %
Japan |  |  | 16,267 |  |  |  | 18,245 |  |  |  | (11 | )% |  |  | 50,709 |  |  |  | 49,292 |  |  |  | 3 | %
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 8,940 |  |  |  | 9,048 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | 24,848 |  |  |  | 22,825 |  |  |  | 9 | %
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 136,333 |  |  |  | 158,668 |  |  |  | (14 | )% |  |  | 454,200 |  |  |  | 403,192 |  |  |  | 13 | %
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 3,059 |  |  |  | 6,749 |  |  |  | (55 | )% |  |  | 15,649 |  |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | 4 | %
Grow Tech |  |  | (6,798 | ) |  |  | (5,322 | ) |  |  | (28 | )% |  |  | (19,869 | ) |  |  | (17,659 | ) |  |  | (13 | )%
Rhyz other |  |  | (659 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,178 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | (4,398 | ) |  |  | 1,427 |  |  |  | (408 | )% |  |  | (5,398 | ) |  |  | (2,659 | ) |  |  | (103 | )%

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The following table provides information concerning the number of Customers and Sales Leaders as of September 30, 2021 and 2020. “Customers” are persons who have purchased products directly from the Company during the three months ended as of the date indicated. Our Customer numbers do not include consumers who purchase products directly from members of our sales force. “Sales Leaders” are independent distributors, and sales employees and independent marketers in Mainland China, who achieve certain qualification requirements.

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  |  | As of September 30, 2020 |  |  | % Increase (Decrease) |
|  | Customers |  |  | Sales Leaders |  |  | Customers |  |  | Sales Leaders |  |  | Customers |  |  | Sales Leaders |
Mainland China |  |  | 355,256 |  |  |  | 13,838 |  |  |  | 341,386 |  |  |  | 20,970 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | (34 | )%
Americas |  |  | 324,880 |  |  |  | 12,127 |  |  |  | 397,936 |  |  |  | 12,798 |  |  |  | (18 | )% |  |  | (5 | )%
South Korea |  |  | 156,439 |  |  |  | 9,448 |  |  |  | 164,256 |  |  |  | 7,973 |  |  |  | (5 | )% |  |  | 18 | %
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 162,048 |  |  |  | 7,607 |  |  |  | 204,489 |  |  |  | 9,959 |  |  |  | (21 | )% |  |  | (24 | )%
EMEA |  |  | 210,705 |  |  |  | 5,726 |  |  |  | 235,202 |  |  |  | 6,226 |  |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | (8 | )%
Japan |  |  | 123,453 |  |  |  | 6,029 |  |  |  | 126,896 |  |  |  | 6,523 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |  | (8 | )%
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 62,490 |  |  |  | 3,790 |  |  |  | 69,346 |  |  |  | 4,067 |  |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | (7 | )%
Total |  |  | 1,395,271 |  |  |  | 58,565 |  |  |  | 1,539,511 |  |  |  | 68,516 |  |  |  | (9 | )% |  |  | (15 | )%

Following is a narrative discussion of our results in each segment, which supplements the tables above.
Mainland China. Our Mainland China market continued to be challenged during the third quarter of 2021, as the COVID-19 delta variant and corresponding government restrictions negatively impacted our selling and promotional activities. Our revenue benefitted 5% and 8% from favorable foreign-currency fluctuations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively. Our Customers benefited from the rollout of our Tencent digital tools, which launched in September of 2021.
The year-over-year decrease in segment contribution for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 is attributable to decreased reported revenue and a 5.2 percentage point and 2.7 percentage point, respectively, increase in selling expense as a percentage of revenue. The salaries and service fees of our Sales Leaders in Mainland China are fixed until they are adjusted in a quarterly evaluation process. As a result, we have variations in our selling expenses as a percentage of revenue, particularly when there is a sequential change in revenue. The third quarter decline is also attributable to the fixed nature of general and administrative expenses on lower revenue.
Americas. Our Americas segment continued to benefit from greater adoption of innovative products shared increasingly via the social commerce business model supported by our digital tools, which drove increased revenue in the first nine months of 2021. The decline in revenue, Sales Leaders and Customers for the third quarter of 2021 is predominately due to the continued economic instability in the Latin America markets, Argentina in particular, which is experiencing hyperinflation. Our U.S. market experienced 14% revenue growth for the third quarter, which is primarily attributable to a strong product launch of Beauty Focus Collagen+, with approximately $19 million in revenue for the quarter.
The year-over-year increase in segment contribution for the third quarter of 2021 primarily reflects the increase in revenue in our U.S. market, which carries a more favorable gross margin than our Latin America markets; this was partially offset by an increase in selling expenses as a percent of revenue from the increased cost of incentive trips. The increase in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2021 primarily reflects the increase in revenue, along with 2.6 percentage point increase in gross margin, and improvements in general and administrative expenses due to the fixed nature on increased revenue, all partially offset by a slight increase in selling expenses as a percent of revenue, from increased cost of incentive trips.
South Korea. Our South Korea market continues to improve and benefited from successful product promotions and Sales Leader initiatives which contributed to a 10% and 11% increase in revenue for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively and an 18% increase in Sales Leaders. Our product promotions during the quarter drove a 58% increase in sales of our TR90 product line. Our reported revenue reflects a 2% benefit and a 6% benefit from favorable foreign-currency fluctuations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively.
The year-over-year increase in segment contribution primarily reflects the increased revenue and improvements in gross margin, due to the increase in sales of TR90, which has a more favorable margin, along with the fixed nature of general and administrative expenses on increased revenue.
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Southeast Asia/Pacific. Our Southeast Asia/Pacific market continues to be challenged by the COVID-19 outbreak and the associated government restrictions from the delta variant. In addition, the associated restrictions have impacted our supply chain in the region, as we have been unable to fulfill orders in some markets. The aforementioned issues have contributed to a decline in revenue, along with Customers and Sales Leaders for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2021.
The year-over-year decline in segment contribution for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 primarily reflects the decline in revenue.
EMEA. The decline in revenue, Customers and Sales Leaders for the third quarter of 2021 is primarily attributable to loosening of COVID-19 restrictions in the segment, which resulted in a longer summer vacation period, paired with a tough comparison against the strong growth in the third quarter of 2020. The increase in revenue for the first nine months of 2021 is primarily attributable to strong adoption of the social sharing business model supported by our digital tools, along with a strong Sales Leaders introduction of the ageLOC Boost in the second quarter, which became generally available at the end of the third quarter.
The decline in segment contribution for the third quarter is primarily attributable to the decline in revenue, along with a 1.7 percentage point increase in selling expense as a percent of revenue from increased cost of incentive trips. The increase in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2021 is primarily attributable to the increase in revenue, improvements in gross margin from a favorable product mix from the Boost launch and the fixed nature of general and administrative expenses.
Japan. The decline in revenue, Customers and Sales Leaders for the third quarter of 2021 is attributed to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and the related supply chain disruptions in the market, which impacted product availability.
The year-over-year increase in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2021 primarily reflects a slight decline in selling expense as a percent of revenue from normal fluctuations. The decline in segment contribution for the third quarter of 2021 is primarily attributed to the decline in revenue and the fixed nature of general and administrative expenses.
Hong Kong/Taiwan. Our Hong Kong /Taiwan segment was negatively impacted by the continued pressure from COVID-19 and the delta variant for the third quarter, which contributed to the decline in revenue, Customers and Sales Leaders.
The decline in segment contribution for the third quarter reflects the decline in reported revenue, partially offset by a decline in selling expenses as a percentage of revenue. The increase in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2021 is primarily driven by a 1.0 percentage point decline in selling expenses as a percentage of revenue from product mix.
Manufacturing. Our Manufacturing segment generated a 2% year-over-year increase in revenue for the third quarter and a 28% increase for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. Our continued investments in additional capacity have allowed our manufacturing companies to increase revenue as the demand for nutrition and personal care products continues to expand.
The 55% decline and 4% increase in segment contribution for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, reflect revenue growth, offset by approximately a $4.8 million increase in inventory reserves.
Grow Tech. Our Grow Tech segment continues to invest in controlled-environment agriculture technologies. We have found this technology has broader applications in agriculture, and we are investing to pursue this potential opportunity. We are expecting continued losses in 2021 from this segment as we continue to research and refine the technology. We are currently evaluating strategic alternatives with respect to this business.
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Consolidated Results
Revenue
Revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021 decreased 9% to $641.2 million, compared to $703.3 million in the prior-year period. Revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 increased 10% to $2.0 billion compared to $1.8 billion. Our reported revenue benefited 2% and 4% from foreign-currency fluctuations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively. For a discussion and analysis of these changes in revenue, see “Overview” and “Segment Results,” above.
Gross profit
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 75.2% for the third quarter of 2021, compared to 73.9% for the prior-year period, and 75.2% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to 74.7% for the prior-year period. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue for core Nu Skin increased 2.3 percentage points to 78.6% for the third quarter of 2021 and increased 1.0 percentage points to 78.2% for the first nine months of 2021. Our Nu Skin gross profit benefitted from a favorable product mix, along with lower freight as a percentage of revenue, as during 2020 in order to meet high demand we utilized more costly express shipments.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses as a percentage of revenue remained consistent at 39.9% for the third quarter, and decreased to 39.9% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to 40.1% for the prior-year period. Core Nu Skin selling expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 0.3 percentage points to 42.7% for the third quarter of 2021 and increased 0.2 percentage points to 42.8% for the first nine months of 2021. Selling expenses for our core Nu Skin business are driven by the specific performance of our individual Sales Leaders. Given the size of our sales force and the various components of our compensation and incentive programs, selling expenses as a percentage of revenue typically fluctuate plus or minus approximately 100 basis points from period to period.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased to $161.1 million in the third quarter of 2021, compared to $165.1 million in the prior-year period and increased to $499.8 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared to $466.2 million in the prior-year period. The $33.6 million increase for the first nine months of 2021 was partially attributable to approximately $11.3 million in increased IT expenses, associated with our cloud transition and ongoing development of digital tools, approximately $5.0 million in higher depreciation which is partially attributable to manufacturing capacity expansions, $3.1 million associated with market distributor events held during the year, and miscellaneous increases due to increased revenue. The $4.0 million decrease for the third quarter is mainly driven by lower labor expenses, due to lower employee performance incentive compensation, partially offset by the increase in IT expenses and depreciation, as discussed above. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 25.1% for the third quarter of 2021, from 23.5% for the prior-year period, and decreased to 24.7% for the first nine months of 2021, from 25.4% for the prior-year period.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net was $2.8 million for the third quarter of 2021 compared to $0.5 million for the prior-year period, and $0.4 million for the first nine months of 2021 compared to $(4.1) million for the prior-year period. The increase in other income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, is predominately from $18.1 million of unrealized equity investments income, partially offset by $10.7 million loss on disposal of assets, primarily attributable to our current initiative to right-size our physical footprint and optimize our physical occupancy. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for more information on the unrealized equity investments income. In addition, we incurred $3.1 million and $5.5 million in losses from unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations for the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2021, compared to a gain of $0.2 million and a loss of $1.2 million, for the comparable periods.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes for the three- and nine-month periods of 2021 was $18.4 million and $57.5 million, compared to $18.4 million and $46.9 million for the prior-year periods. The effective tax rates for the three- and nine-month periods were 27.0% and 26.9% of pre-tax income compared to 24.7% and 28.5% in the prior-year periods. The increase in the effective tax rate for the third quarter is primarily due to the prior year statute limitations expiration for an uncertain tax position. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2021 primarily reflects the strong growth in the U.S. market and Manufacturing segment, which enabled us to utilize additional foreign tax credits to offset the U.S. income taxes.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing factors, net income for the third quarter of 2021 was $49.7 million, compared to $56.3 million in the prior-year period. Net income for the first nine months of 2021 was $156.5 million, compared to $117.9 million for the first nine months of 2020.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our principal uses of cash have included operating expenses (particularly selling expenses) and working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, debt repayment and the development of operations in new markets. We have at times incurred long-term debt, or drawn on our revolving line of credit, to fund strategic transactions, stock repurchases, capital investments and short-term operating needs. We typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable margins and have generally relied on cash from operations to fund operating activities. In the first nine months of 2021, we generated $32.1 million in cash from operations, compared to $284.4 million in cash from operations during the prior-year period. The decrease in cash flow from operations primarily reflects an approximate $144.9 million increase in inventory partially attributable to our strategic decision to carry more inventory to meet customer demand for our new products and build some protection from potential supply chain disruptions, along with the first quarter of 2021 payout of the accrued commission and accrued employee incentive payments attributable to our fourth-quarter growth. Cash and cash equivalents, including current investments, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $301.6 million and $423.9 million, respectively, with the decrease being driven by purchases of property and equipment, as discussed below, our quarterly dividend payments, stock repurchases and acquisitions, partially offset by increased net borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Working capital. As of September 30, 2021, working capital was $350.3 million, compared to $360.3 million as of December 31, 2020. The decline in working capital is primarily attributable to a net $52.5 million increase in borrowings under our revolving credit facility during the first half of the year to fund our acquisitions and stock repurchases and other expenses for operations, partially offset by increased inventory and higher prepaid assets primarily attributable to prepaid income tax.
Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $50.4 million. We expect that our capital expenditures in 2021 will be primarily related to:

| ● | the expansion and upgrade of facilities in our various markets;

| ● | purchases and expenditures for computer systems and equipment, software, and application development; and

| ● | a new manufacturing plant in Mainland China

We estimate that capital expenditures for the uses listed above will total approximately $80–95 million for 2021. We are currently in the building phase of the new manufacturing plant in Mainland China. To date we have spent approximately $30.5 million and expect that our expenditures for this project will total approximately $55 million over the next year, including approximately $25-30 million during 2021.
Credit Agreement. In April 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with various financial institutions as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $350.0 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. We used the proceeds of the term loan and the draw on the revolving facility to pay off the previous credit agreement, and the outstanding balance on the convertible notes. The interest rate applicable to the facilities is subject to adjustments based on our consolidated leverage ratio. The term loan facility amortizes in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 5.0% during the first and second years, 7.5% during the third and fourth years and 10.0% during the fifth year after the closing date of the Credit Agreement, with the remainder payable at final maturity. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $75.0 million and no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and $315.0 million and $337.5 million remaining balance on our term loan facility. The carrying value of the debt also reflects debt issuance costs of $(1.4) million and $(2.1) million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, related to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio not exceeding 2.25 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. We are currently in compliance with all debt covenants under the Credit Agreement. We are planning to refinance our Credit Agreement within the next twelve months.
Derivative Instruments. As of September 30, 2021, we had four interest rate swaps, with a total notional principal amount of $200 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2025. We entered into these interest rate swap arrangements during the third quarter of 2020 to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate debt under the Credit Agreement.
Stock repurchase plan. In 2018, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase plan authorizing us to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in private transactions. During the first nine months of 2021, we repurchased approximately 1.4 million shares of our Class A common stock under the plan for $70.4 million. As of September 30, 2021, $255.4 million was available for repurchases under the plan. Our stock repurchases are used primarily to offset dilution from our equity incentive plans and for strategic initiatives.
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Dividends. In February, May and August 2021, our board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.38 per share. These quarterly cash dividends of $19.3 million, $19.0 million and $19.0 million were paid on March 10, 2021, June 9, 2021 and September 8, 2021 to stockholders of record on February 26, 2021, May 28, 2021 and August 27, 2021. In November 2021, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.38 per share to be paid on December 8, 2021 to stockholders of record on November 26, 2021. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. However, the continued declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other relevant factors.
Cash from foreign subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we held $301.6 million and $423.9 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents, including current investments. These amounts include $241.8 million and $374.7 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, held in our operations outside of the U.S. Substantially all of our non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents are readily convertible into U.S. dollars or other currencies, subject to procedural or other requirements in certain markets, as well as an indefinite-reinvestment designation, as described below.
We typically fund the cash requirements of our operations in the U.S. through intercompany dividends, intercompany loans and intercompany charges for products, use of intangible property, and corporate services. However, some markets impose government-approval or other requirements for the repatriation of dividends. For example, in Mainland China, we are unable to repatriate cash from current operations in the form of dividends until we file the necessary statutory financial statements for the relevant period. As of September 30, 2021, we had $32.1 million in cash denominated in Chinese RMB. We also have experienced delays in repatriating cash from Argentina. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $10.9 million and $10.6 million, respectively, in intercompany receivable with our Argentina subsidiary. We also have intercompany loan arrangements with some of our markets, including Mainland China, that allow us to access available cash, subject to certain limits in Mainland China and other jurisdictions. We also have drawn on our revolving line of credit to address cash needs until we can repatriate cash from Mainland China or other markets, and we may continue to do so. Except for $60.0 million of earnings in Mainland China that we designated as indefinitely reinvested during the second quarter of 2018, we currently plan to repatriate undistributed earnings from our non-U.S. operations as necessary, considering the cash needs of our non-U.S. operations and the cash needs of our U.S. operations for dividends, stock repurchases, capital investments, debt repayment and strategic transactions. Repatriation of non-U.S. earnings is subject to withholding taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions. Accordingly, we have accrued the necessary withholding taxes related to the non-U.S. earnings.
We currently believe that existing cash balances, future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash needs on both a short- and long-term basis. The majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature, and as such, a potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from operations and current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or strategic needs, we would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets or restructuring our current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic plans, including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend payments.
Contingent Liabilities
Please refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report for information regarding our contingent liabilities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies or estimates during the third quarter of 2021.
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Seasonality and Cyclicality
In addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling is also generally negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many individuals, including our sales force, traditionally take vacations.
Prior to making a key product generally available for purchase, we may do one or more introductory offerings of the product, such as a preview of the product to our Sales Leaders, a limited-time offer, or other product introduction or promotion. These offerings may generate significant activity and a high level of purchasing, which can result in a higher-than-normal increase in revenue, Sales Leaders and/or Customers during the quarter and can skew year-over-year and sequential comparisons.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Constant-currency revenue change is a non-GAAP financial measure that removes the impact of fluctuations in foreign-currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance. It is calculated by translating the current period’s revenue at the same average exchange rates in effect during the applicable prior-year period and then comparing that amount to the prior-year period’s revenue. We believe that constant-currency revenue change is useful to investors, lenders and analysts because such information enables them to gauge the impact of foreign-currency fluctuations on our revenue from period to period.
Available Information
Our website address is www.nuskin.com. We make available, free of charge on our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We also use our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, as a channel of distribution of additional Company information that may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following our press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Currency Risk and Exchange Rate Information
A majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized outside of the United States, except for inventory purchases, a significant portion of which are primarily transacted in U.S. dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our Subsidiaries’ primary markets is considered the functional currency with the exception of our Asia product-distribution subsidiary in Singapore and, as discussed below, our subsidiary in Argentina. All revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods reported. Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. These impacts may be significant because a large portion of our business is derived from outside of the United States. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, it is difficult to predict the effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of operations or financial condition.
In the second quarter of 2018, published inflation indices indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation in Argentina exceeded 100 percent, and as of July 1, 2018, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our subsidiary in Argentina. Under highly inflationary accounting, the functional currency for our subsidiary in Argentina became the U.S. dollar, and the income statement and balance sheet for this subsidiary have been measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities has been reflected in earnings in Other income (expense), net and was not material. As of September 30, 2021, our subsidiary in Argentina had a small net peso monetary position. Net sales of our subsidiary in Argentina were less than 2% of our consolidated net sales for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
We may seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the use of foreign currency exchange contracts and through intercompany loans of foreign currency. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our foreign currency risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on our operating results. As of September 30, 2021 and 2020, we did not hold non-designated mark-to-market forward derivative contracts to hedge foreign denominated intercompany positions or third party foreign debt. As of September 30, 2021, and 2020 we did not hold any forward contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges. We continue to evaluate our foreign currency hedging policy.
For additional information about our market risk see Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.
We made no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There have been no material developments concerning the matters discussed in the “Legal Proceedings” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2020 fiscal year. Please refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report for certain information regarding our legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

The information presented below supplements and should be read in conjunction with the detailed discussion of risks associated with our business in our recent SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2020 fiscal year and subsequent reports.
Challenges to the form of our network marketing system could harm our business.
We may be subject to challenges by government regulators regarding the form of our network marketing system. Legal and regulatory requirements concerning the direct selling industry generally do not include “bright line” rules and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation. As a result, regulators and courts have discretion in their application of these laws and regulations, and the enforcement or interpretation of these laws and regulations by government agencies or courts can change.
Recent settlements between the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and other direct selling companies and guidance from the FTC have addressed inappropriate earnings and lifestyle claims, problematic compensation structures and the importance of focusing on consumers. These developments have created ambiguity as to the proper interpretation of the law and related court decisions. The FTC has been active in its enforcement activities, and any adverse rulings or legal actions could impact our business if direct selling laws or anti-pyramid laws are interpreted more narrowly or in a manner that results in additional burdens or restrictions on direct selling companies. For example:

| • | In 2015, t he FTC took aggressive actions against a multi-level marketing company, alleging an illegal business model and inappropriate earnings claims.

| • | In 2016, the FTC entered into a settlement with a multi-level marketing company, requiring the company to modify its business model, including basing sales compensation and qualification only on sales to retail and preferred customers and on purchases by a distributor for personal consumption within allowable limits. Although this settlement does not represent judicial precedent or a new FTC rule, the FTC has indicated that the industry should look at this settlement, and the principles underlying its specific measures, for guidance.

| • | In 2019, the FTC entered into a settlement with a multi-level marketing company, alleging an illegal business model and compensation structure and inappropriate earnings claims. The company agreed to a prohibition from engaging in multi-level marketing. The FTC and another multi-level company are currently in litigation, and that company has indicated the FTC is seeking to limit the levels of payment in its compensation structure as a condition to settlement.

| • | During 2020, the FTC issued letters that warned several direct-selling companies to remove and address claims that they or members of their sales force were making about their products’ ability to treat or prevent COVID-19 and/or about the earnings that people who have recently lost income could make.

| • | In October 2021, the FTC sent a notice to more than 1,100 companies, including us, that outlined several practices that the FTC determined to be unfair or deceptive in prior administrative cases. These practices relate to earnings claims, other money-making opportunity claims, and endorsements and testimonials. Pursuant to the FTC’s “penalty offense authority,” companies that received the notice are expected to comply with the standards set in the prior administrative cases and could incur significant civil penalties if they or their representatives fail to do so. The penalties could be up to $43,792 per violation, and there is some ambiguity in how a “violation” would be defined for these purposes.

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Although we take steps to educate our Brand Affiliates on proper claims, if our Brand Affiliates make improper claims, or if regulators determine we are making any improper claims, this could lead to an FTC investigation and could harm our business. In addition, if the requirements related to compensation structures in the actions listed above lead to new industry standards or new rules, or if they limit the levels in the network for which payments can be made, our business could be impacted and we may need to amend our global sales compensation plan. With a majority of our revenue in the United States coming from sales to retail customers, preferred customers, and Brand Affiliates who have never sponsored other Brand Affiliates, we believe that we can demonstrate consumer demand for our products, but we continue to monitor developments to assess whether we should make any changes to our business or global sales compensation plan. If we are required to make changes or if the FTC seeks to enforce similar measures in the industry, either through rulemaking or an enforcement action against our company, our business could be harmed.
We could also be subject to challenges by private parties in civil actions. We are aware of civil actions against other direct-selling companies in the United States, that have, and may in the future, resulted in significant settlements. Allegations directed at us and our competitors regarding the legality of multi-level marketing in various markets and adverse media reports have also created intense public scrutiny of us and our industry. Our business has also been subject to formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory authorities in the past regarding our business and our compliance with local laws and regulations. All of these actions and any future scrutiny of us or our industry could generate negative publicity or further regulatory actions that could result in fines, restrict our ability to conduct our business in our various markets, enter into new markets, motivate our sales force and attract consumers.
Laws and regulations may prohibit or severely restrict direct selling and cause our revenue and profitability to decline, and regulators could adopt new regulations that harm our business.
Various government agencies throughout the world regulate direct sales practices. Laws and regulations in the United States, Japan, South Korea and Mainland China are particularly stringent and subject to broad discretion in enforcement by regulators. These laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often referred to as “pyramid schemes,” that compensate participants primarily for recruiting additional participants without significant emphasis on product sales to consumers. The laws and regulations in our current markets often:

| • | impose requirements related to sign-up, order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off periods for our sales force and consumers;

| • | require us, or our sales force, to register with government agencies;

| • | impose limits on the amount of sales compensation we can pay;

| • | impose reporting requirements; and

| • | require that our sales force is compensated primarily for selling products and not for recruiting others.

Complying with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and requires significant resources. The laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time, and like other direct selling companies, we are subject from time to time to government inquiries and investigations in our various markets related to our direct selling activities. This can require us to make changes to our business model and aspects of our sales compensation plan in the markets impacted by such changes and investigations. In June 2021, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) announced that it is initiating a review of its Business Opportunity Rule, which imposes certain obligations on business opportunity sellers in their dealings with prospective buyers. Currently, multi-level marketing companies are exempted from this rule. If this exemption is eliminated or if new regulations are adopted for multi-level marketing companies, it could negatively impact the growth of our sales force and our revenue. In addition, markets where we currently do business could change their laws or regulations to prohibit direct selling. If we are unable to obtain necessary licenses and certifications within required deadlines or continue business in existing markets or commence operations in new markets because of these laws, our revenue and profitability may decline. Any delay could negatively impact our revenue.
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Improper sales force actions could harm our business.
Sales force activities that violate applicable laws, regulations or policies, or that are alleged to do so, have, and could in the future, harmed our business and reputation and resulted in government or third-party actions against us.
For example, in 2014, allegations were made by various media outlets that certain of our sales representatives in Mainland China failed to adequately follow and enforce our policies and regulations. This adverse publicity, as well as a government review and actions that we voluntarily took to address the situation, resulted in a significant negative impact on our revenue and the number of Sales Leaders and Customers in the region. Similar or more extreme actions by government agencies in Mainland China or other markets in the future could have a significant adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
The direct selling industry in Japan continues to experience regulatory and media scrutiny, and other direct selling companies have been suspended from sponsoring activities. Japan imposes strict requirements regarding how Brand Affiliates approach prospective customers. From time to time, we receive information from consumer centers in certain prefectures about the number of general inquiries and complaints about us and our Brand Affiliates. Based on this information, we continually evaluate and enhance our Brand Affiliate compliance, education and training efforts in Japan. However, we cannot be certain that our efforts will successfully prevent regulatory actions against us, including fines, suspensions or other sanctions, or that the company and the direct selling industry will not receive further negative media attention, all of which could harm our business.
Except in Mainland China, members of our sales force are not employees and act independently of us. The most significant area of risk for such activities relates to improper product claims and claims regarding the business opportunity of joining our sales force. For example:

| • | During 2020 the FTC issued letters that warned several direct-selling companies to remove and address claims that they or members of their sales force were making about their products’ ability to treat or prevent COVID-19 and/or about the earnings that people who have recently lost income could make.

| • | In October 2021, the FTC sent a notice to more than 1,100 companies, including us, that outlined several practices that the FTC determined to be unfair or deceptive in prior administrative cases. These practices relate to earnings claims, other money-making opportunity claims, and endorsements and testimonials. Pursuant to the FTC’s “penalty offense authority,” companies that received the notice are expected to comply with the standards set in the prior administrative cases and could incur significant civil penalties if they or their representatives fail to do so. The penalties could be up to $43,792 per violation, and there is some ambiguity in how a “violation” would be defined for these purposes.

We implement strict policies and procedures to ensure our sales force complies with legal requirements. However, given the size of our sales force, we experience problems from time to time. For example, product claims made by some of our sales force in 1990 and 1991 led to a FTC investigation that resulted in our entering into a consent agreement with the FTC and various agreements with state regulatory agencies. In addition, rulings by the South Korean Fair Trade Commission and by judicial authorities against us and other companies in South Korea indicate that, if our sales force engages in criminal activity, we may be held liable or penalized for failure to supervise them adequately. Our sales force may attempt to anticipate which markets we will open in the future and begin marketing and sponsoring activities in markets where we are not qualified to conduct business. We could face fines, suspensions or other legal action if our sales force violates applicable laws and regulations, and our reputation and brand could be negatively impacted.
In addition, as our sales force increasingly uses social media to promote our business opportunity and products, this increases the burden on us to monitor compliance of such activities and increases the risk that such social media content could contain problematic claims in violation of our policies and applicable regulations.
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Epidemics, including COVID-19, and other crises have and may continue to negatively impact our business.
Due to the person-to-person nature of direct selling, our results of operations have been, and will likely continue to be, harmed if the fear of a communicable and rapidly spreading disease or other crises such as natural disasters result in travel restrictions or cause people to avoid group meetings or gatherings or interaction with other people. It is difficult to predict the impact on our business, if any, of the emergence of new epidemics or other crises. The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 and resulting pandemic resulted in significant contraction of economies around the world and interrupted global supply chains as many governments issued stay-at-home orders to combat COVID-19. Government-imposed restrictions and public hesitance regarding in-person gatherings, travel and visiting public places have reduced our sales force’s ability to hold sales meetings, resulted in cancellations of key sales leader events and incentive trips, and required us to temporarily close our walk-in and fulfillment locations in some markets where we have such properties. The outbreak has also impacted our ability to obtain some ingredients and packaging as well as ship products in some markets. Our supply chain and logistics have incurred some interruptions and cost impacts to date, and we could experience more significant interruptions and cost impacts or face more significant closures in the future. These factors and other events related to COVID-19 have negatively impacted our sales and operations and will likely continue to negatively affect our business and our financial results. Although some of the negative impacts of COVID-19 have recently improved, this situation continues to be fluid and there is uncertainty regarding its duration and future impacts. For example, the delta variant or other variants have caused some of the pandemic’s negative impacts to worsen or return. In addition, the productivity of our sales force has been, and could continue to be, negatively impacted as restrictions are lifted and our sales force is able to more freely travel and take vacations.
Any significant decline in our operating results in the future could also adversely affect our financial position and liquidity. Under the terms of our existing credit facility, we are required to maintain certain interest coverage and leverage ratios. In addition, our outstanding borrowings under our credit facility and related term loan impose debt service and amortization requirements. A significant deterioration in our results of operations in the future as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could impact our ability to comply with our financial covenants and debt service and amortization obligations, which could result in an event of default under the terms of our credit facility. An event of default under our credit facility could result in an inability to access funding under the agreement and the acceleration of our obligations, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.
In addition, regulatory authorities closely scrutinize the product- and earnings-related claims made by direct-selling companies and their sales force, including claims related to the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, during 2020 and 2021, the FTC has issued letters warning several direct-selling companies to remove and address claims that they or members of their sales force were making about their products’ ability to treat or prevent COVID-19 and/or about the earnings that people who have recently lost income could make. Although we take steps to educate our Brand Affiliates on proper claims, if our Brand Affiliates make improper claims, or if regulators determine we are making any improper claims, this could lead to an FTC investigation and could harm our business and reputation.
Difficult economic conditions could harm our business.
Difficult economic conditions, such as high unemployment levels, inflation, or recession, could adversely affect our business by causing a decline in demand for our products, particularly if the economic conditions are prolonged or worsen. For example, an increase in oil prices would likely cause our shipping expenses to increase, which would negatively affect our profitability. In addition, economic conditions may adversely impact access to capital for us and our suppliers, may decrease the ability of our sales force and consumers to obtain or maintain credit cards, and may otherwise adversely impact our operations and overall financial condition. There also appears to be increased concerns about potential inflationary pressures, which could have a negative impact on our business if it impacts the discretionary spending of our consumers.
Our business could be negatively impacted by corporate citizenship and sustainability matters.
There are increased expectations and focus from certain investors, Brand Affiliates, consumers, employees and other stakeholders concerning corporate citizenship and sustainability matters, including environmental, social and governance matters; packaging; responsible sourcing; and diversity, equity and inclusion matters. From time to time, we announce certain initiatives and goals in these areas. We could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals or in stakeholders’ expectations, or we could fail in accurately reporting our progress on such initiatives, goals and expectations. Moreover, the standards by which corporate citizenship and sustainability efforts and related matters are measured are developing and evolving, and certain areas are subject to assumptions. The standards or assumptions could change over time. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope of our initiatives or goals or perceived as not acting responsibly in connection with these matters, such as with our carbon footprint, recyclability of our packaging, ingredients used in our products or the sourcing of such ingredients. Any such matters, or related corporate citizenship and sustainability matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

|  | (a) |  |  | (b) |  |  | (c) |  |  | (d) |
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)(1) |
July 1 - 31, 2021 |  |  | 56,955 |  |  | $ | 54.73 |  |  |  | 56,955 |  |  | $ | 262.3 |
August 1 - 31, 2021 |  |  | 132,308 |  |  |  | 52.06 |  |  |  | 132,308 |  |  | $ | 255.4 |
September 1 - 30, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 255.4 |
Total |  |  | 189,263 |  |  | $ | 52.87 |  |  |  | 189,263 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | In August 2018, we announced that our board of directors approved a stock repurchase plan. Under this plan, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.
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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibits Regulation S-K Number |  | Description
31.1 |  | Certification by Ryan S. Napierski, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification by Mark H. Lawrence, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification by Ryan S. Napierski, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification by Mark H. Lawrence, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
November 3, 2021

NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: | /s/ Mark H. Lawrence |
| Mark H. Lawrence |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |

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