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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____________ TO _____________

Commission File Number: 001-12421

| NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |

Delaware |  | 87-0565309
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

| 75 West Center Street Provo, Utah 84601 |
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |

| (801) 345-1000 |
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | NUS |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of October 31, 2023, 49,409,268 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, $.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q – THIRD QUARTER 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 28
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 28
Part II. | Other Information |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 29
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 29
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
| Item 5. | Other Information | 30
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
| Signature | 32

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “dollars” and “$” are to United States (“U.S.”) dollars.
Nu Skin, Pharmanex, and ageLOC are our trademarks. The italicized product names used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are product names and also, in certain cases, our trademarks.

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 233,314 |  |  | $ | 264,725 |
Current investments |  |  | 16,673 |  |  |  | 13,784 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 77,251 |  |  |  | 47,360 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 291,103 |  |  |  | 346,183 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 82,781 |  |  |  | 87,816 |
Total current assets |  |  | 701,122 |  |  |  | 759,868 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 428,932 |  |  |  | 444,806 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 86,315 |  |  |  | 98,734 |
Goodwill |  |  | 229,469 |  |  |  | 206,432 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 108,972 |  |  |  | 66,701 |
Other assets |  |  | 238,281 |  |  |  | 244,429 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,793,091 |  |  | $ | 1,820,970 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 48,583 |  |  | $ | 53,963 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 245,432 |  |  |  | 280,280 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 140,000 |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 434,015 |  |  |  | 359,243 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 68,208 |  |  |  | 76,540 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 362,896 |  |  |  | 377,466 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 105,785 |  |  |  | 110,425 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 970,904 |  |  |  | 923,674 |
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5 and 11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A common stock – 500 million shares authorized, $0.001 par value, 90.6 million shares issued |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 91 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 619,193 |  |  |  | 613,278 |
Treasury stock, at cost – 41.2 million and 41.1 million shares |  |  | (1,570,718 | ) |  |  | (1,569,061 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (108,836 | ) |  |  | (86,509 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,882,457 |  |  |  | 1,939,497 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 822,187 |  |  |  | 897,296 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,793,091 |  |  | $ | 1,820,970 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenue |  | $ | 498,772 |  |  | $ | 537,805 |  |  | $ | 1,480,491 |  |  | $ | 1,703,319 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 206,505 |  |  |  | 173,500 |  |  |  | 475,635 |  |  |  | 483,099 |
Gross profit |  |  | 292,267 |  |  |  | 364,305 |  |  |  | 1,004,856 |  |  |  | 1,220,220 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expenses |  |  | 187,750 |  |  |  | 216,478 |  |  |  | 561,039 |  |  |  | 678,603 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 130,882 |  |  |  | 137,987 |  |  |  | 401,825 |  |  |  | 428,105 |
Restructuring and impairment expenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,124 |  |  |  | 9,787 |  |  |  | 30,124 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 318,632 |  |  |  | 384,589 |  |  |  | 972,651 |  |  |  | 1,136,832 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (26,365 | ) |  |  | (20,284 | ) |  |  | 32,205 |  |  |  | 83,388 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (8,086 | ) |  |  | (8,680 | ) |  |  | (14,955 | ) |  |  | (18,773 | )
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |  |  | (34,451 | ) |  |  | (28,964 | ) |  |  | 17,250 |  |  |  | 64,615 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  |  | 2,504 |  |  |  | (3,574 | ) |  |  | 15,937 |  |  |  | 17,052 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (36,955 | ) |  | $ | (25,390 | ) |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 47,563 |
Net income (loss) per share (Note 6): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.74 | ) |  | $ | (0.51 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.95 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.74 | ) |  | $ | (0.51 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 49,859 |  |  |  | 50,199 |  |  |  | 49,812 |  |  |  | 50,187 |
Diluted |  |  | 49,859 |  |  |  | 50,199 |  |  |  | 50,029 |  |  |  | 50,822 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (36,955 | ) |  | $ | (25,390 | ) |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 47,563 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes of zero and $(10) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(68) and $19 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively |  |  | (6,518 | ) |  |  | (22,502 | ) |  |  | (20,196 | ) |  |  | (46,914 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges, net of taxes of $(328) and $(1,262) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $(990) and $(3,441) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively |  |  | 1,187 |  |  |  | 4,570 |  |  |  | 3,583 |  |  |  | 12,462 |
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses/(gains) in current earnings on cash flow hedges, net of taxes of $569 and $225 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $1,577 and $286 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively |  |  | (2,059 | ) |  |  | (815 | ) |  |  | (5,714 | ) |  |  | (1,037 | )
|  |  | (7,390 | ) |  |  | (18,747 | ) |  |  | (22,327 | ) |  |  | (35,489 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (44,345 | ) |  | $ | (44,137 | ) |  | $ | (21,014 | ) |  | $ | 12,074 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at July 1, 2023 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 615,579 |  |  | $ | (1,557,777 | ) |  | $ | (101,446 | ) |  | $ | 1,938,898 |  |  | $ | 895,345 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36,955 | ) |  |  | (36,955 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,390 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,390 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,011 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,011 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.1 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | (111 | ) |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,725 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,725 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,486 | ) |  |  | (19,486 | )
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 619,193 |  |  | $ | (1,570,718 | ) |  | $ | (108,836 | ) |  | $ | 1,882,457 |  |  | $ | 822,187 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at July 1, 2022 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 606,349 |  |  | $ | (1,520,769 | ) |  | $ | (90,638 | ) |  | $ | 1,946,002 |  |  | $ | 941,035 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  |  | (25,390 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (18,747 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (18,747 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40,028 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40,028 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.1 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,196 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,171 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,303 | ) |  |  | (19,303 | )
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 609,886 |  |  | $ | (1,559,967 | ) |  | $ | (109,385 | ) |  | $ | 1,901,309 |  |  | $ | 841,934 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 613,278 |  |  | $ | (1,569,061 | ) |  | $ | (86,509 | ) |  | $ | 1,939,497 |  |  | $ | 897,296 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,313 |  |  |  | 1,313 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22,327 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22,327 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,011 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,011 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (0.5 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,613 | ) |  |  | 11,354 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,741 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,528 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,528 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (58,353 | ) |  |  | (58,353 | )
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 619,193 |  |  | $ | (1,570,718 | ) |  | $ | (108,836 | ) |  | $ | 1,882,457 |  |  | $ | 822,187 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |
|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 601,703 |  |  | $ | (1,526,860 | ) |  | $ | (73,896 | ) |  | $ | 1,911,734 |  |  | $ | 912,772 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,563 |  |  |  | 47,563 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,489 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,489 | )
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (60,038 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (60,038 | )
Exercise of employee stock options (1.2 million shares)/vesting of stock awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,137 | ) |  |  | 26,931 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,794 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,320 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,320 |
Cash dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (57,988 | ) |  |  | (57,988 | )
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 609,886 |  |  | $ | (1,559,967 | ) |  | $ | (109,385 | ) |  | $ | 1,901,309 |  |  | $ | 841,934 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 47,563 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 52,339 |  |  |  | 53,935 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | 24,967 |  |  |  | 33,250 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 12,528 |  |  |  | 9,320 |
Inventory write-down (1) |  |  | 83,642 |  |  |  | 37,862 |
Foreign currency losses |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 7,077 |
Loss on disposal of assets |  |  | 626 |  |  |  | 568 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | (9,969 | ) |  |  | 2,483 |
Impairment of fixed assets and other intangibles |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,916 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | (27,829 | ) |  |  | (15,523 | )
Inventories, net |  |  | (25,901 | ) |  |  | 10,560 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 4,227 |  |  |  | (6,801 | )
Other assets |  |  | (432 | ) |  |  | 8,030 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (4,667 | ) |  |  | (1,224 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | (43,062 | ) |  |  | (95,928 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (3,479 | ) |  |  | (18,551 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 64,472 |  |  |  | 82,537 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (38,105 | ) |  |  | (45,274 | )
Proceeds on investment sales |  |  | 13,160 |  |  |  | 5,535 |
Purchases of investments |  |  | (16,883 | ) |  |  | (13,955 | )
Acquisitions (net of cash acquired) |  |  | (77,275 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (119,103 | ) |  |  | (53,694 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercise of employee stock options and taxes paid related to the net shares settlement of stock awards |  |  | 4,741 |  |  |  | 25,794 |
Payment of cash dividends |  |  | (58,353 | ) |  |  | (57,988 | )
Repurchases of shares of common stock |  |  | (13,011 | ) |  |  | (60,038 | )
Finance lease principal payments |  |  | (2,382 | ) |  |  | (1,401 | )
Payment of debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,077 | )
Payments of debt |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | (410,000 | )
Proceeds from debt |  |  | 110,000 |  |  |  | 460,000 |
Net cash provided by / (used in) financing activities |  |  | 30,995 |  |  |  | (48,710 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (7,775 | ) |  |  | (25,590 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (31,411 | ) |  |  | (45,457 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 264,725 |  |  |  | 339,593 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 233,314 |  |  | $ | 294,136 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

(1) | The nine months ended September 2022 has been recast from Inventories, net to comply with the current presentation.

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NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. | The Company

Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company, with Nu Skin being the primary operating unit. Nu Skin develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative beauty and wellness products that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin, Pharmanex and ageLOC brands and a small number of other products and services. The Company reports revenue from nine segments, consisting of its seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Americas, which includes Canada, Latin America and the United States; Mainland China; Southeast Asia/Pacific, which includes Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam; South Korea; Japan; Europe and Africa, which includes markets in Europe as well as South Africa; and Hong Kong/Taiwan, which also includes Macau—and two Rhyz Investments segments—Manufacturing, which includes manufacturing and packaging subsidiaries it has acquired; and Rhyz other, which includes other investments by its Rhyz strategic investment arm (the Company’s subsidiaries operating within each segment are collectively referred to as the “Subsidiaries”).

2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its Subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial information as of September 30, 2023, and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the fiscal year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been prepared using information from the audited financial statements at that date. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying US GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020-04 applies only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and are effective upon issuance for all entities. The Company had previously elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company elected the hedge accounting expedient that allows an update to the hedged risk in active hedging relationships without de-designation as the Company’s debt transitioned to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company elected the hedge accounting expedient that allows an amendment to existing hedges without de-designation as the Company’s hedges transitioned to SOFR. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.
Inventory
Inventories consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 159,807 |  |  | $ | 163,797 |
Finished goods |  |  | 131,296 |  |  |  | 182,386 |
Total Inventory, net |  | $ | 291,103 |  |  | $ | 346,183 |

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Reserves of inventories consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 41,017 |  |  | $ | 20,211 |  |  | $ | 37,267 |  |  | $ | 18,643 |
Additions(1) |  |  | 68,563 |  |  |  | 26,985 |  |  |  | 83,642 |  |  |  | 37,862 |
Disposals |  |  | (7,347) |  |  |  | (7,306) |  |  |  | (18,676) |  |  |  | (16,615) |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 102,233 |  |  | $ | 39,890 |  |  | $ | 102,233 |  |  | $ | 39,890 |

(1) | During the third quarter of 2023, the Company made the strategic decision to re-balance and narrow their product portfolio, which resulted in an incremental adjustment to the inventory carrying value. This resulted in an incremental reserve of $65.7 million. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company reserved an incremental $26.9 million of inventory.

Revenue Recognition
Contract Liabilities – Customer Loyalty Programs
Contract liabilities, recorded as deferred revenue within the accrued expenses line in the consolidated balance sheets, include loyalty point program deferrals with certain customers which are accounted for as a reduction in the transaction price and are generally recognized as points are redeemed for additional products.
The balance of deferred revenue related to contract liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $11.9 million and $18.7 million, respectively. The contract liabilities impact to revenue for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was an increase of $0.8 million and an increase of $0.7 million, respectively. The impact to revenue for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 was an increase of $6.8 million and an increase of $4.3 million, respectively.

3. | Goodwill

The Company’s reporting units for goodwill are its operating segments, which are also its reportable segments.
The Company completed the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing as of October 1, 2022, and concluded that the fair value of all reporting units were in excess of their carrying amounts and no impairment charge was required. As of the October 1, 2022 testing date, the fair value of the Manufacturing reporting unit was estimated to be approximately 8% in excess of its carrying amount, and therefore the reporting unit is considered to be at risk of future impairment. The Manufacturing reporting unit’s fair value remains sensitive to significant unfavorable changes in revenue, gross margin and discount rates that could negatively impact future analyses.
Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the goodwill impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. Although the Manufacturing reporting unit showed strong revenue growth in fiscal year 2020 and 2021, the fair value of the reporting unit in 2022 was negatively impacted by an increase in the discount rate due to the current interest rate environment, and lower near-term revenue projections. Current projections used for the Manufacturing reporting unit reflect revenue growth attributable to the continued expansion of capacity, continued intercompany sales to Nu Skin, and the recent acquisition of new customers. While historical performance and current expectations have resulted in fair values of the Manufacturing reporting unit in excess of carrying values, if the assumptions are not realized an impairment charge may be recorded in the future.
The following table presents goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 9,449 |  |  | $ | 9,449 |
Mainland China |  |  | 32,179 |  |  |  | 32,179 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 18,537 |  |  |  | 18,537 |
South Korea |  |  | 29,261 |  |  |  | 29,261 |
Japan |  |  | 16,019 |  |  |  | 16,019 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | 2,875 |  |  |  | 2,875 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 6,634 |  |  |  | 6,634 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 78,875 |  |  |  | 78,875 |
Rhyz other(1) |  |  | 35,640 |  |  |  | 12,603 |
Total |  | $ | 229,469 |  |  | $ | 206,432 |

(1) | The increase in Rhyz other goodwill relates to the second quarter of 2023 acquisitions. See Note - 12 Acquisitions for additional information.

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4. | Debt

Credit Agreement
On June 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with several financial institutions as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, which amended and restated the 2018 Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a $400 million term loan facility and a $500 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. Both facilities bear interest at the SOFR, plus a margin based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. Commitment fees payable under the Credit Agreement are also based on the consolidated leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement and range from 0.175% to 0.30% on the unused portion of the total lender commitments then in effect. The term loan facility amortizes in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 2.5% during the first year and 5.0% during the second, third, fourth and fifth years after the closing date of the Credit Agreement, with the remainder payable at final maturity. The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and collateralized by assets of such subsidiaries, including a pledge of 65% of the capital stock of certain foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio not exceeding 2.75 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.
The following table summarizes the Company’s debt facilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Facility or Arrangement |  | Original Principal Amount |  | Balance as of September 30, 2023 (1)(2) |  | Balance as of December 31, 2022 (1)(2) |  | Interest Rate |  | Repayment Terms
Credit Agreement term loan facility |  | $400.0 million |  | $385.0 million |  | $395.0 million |  | Variable 30 day: 7.42% |  | 21% of the principal amount is payable in increasing quarterly installments over a five-year period that began on September 30, 2022, with the remainder payable at the end of the five-year term.
Credit Agreement revolving credit facility |  |  |  | $120.0 million |  | $10.0 million |  | Variable 30 day: 7.43% |  | Revolving line of credit expires June 14, 2027.

(1) | As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the current portion of the Company’s debt (i.e., becoming due in the next 12 months) included $20.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively, of the balance of its term loan under the Credit Agreement.

(2) | The carrying value of the debt reflects the amounts stated in the above table, less debt issuance costs of $2.1 million and $2.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to the Credit Agreement, which are not reflected in this table.

5. | Leases

As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 8.7 and 3.9 years for operating and finance leases, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average discount rate was 3.6% and 3.7% for operating and finance leases, respectively.
The components of lease expense were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 6,762 |  |  | $ | 9,479 |  |  | $ | 22,945 |  |  | $ | 30,179 |
Variable lease cost |  |  | 1,923 |  |  |  | 1,572 |  |  |  | 3,410 |  |  |  | 4,223 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 181 |
Finance lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 3,843 |  |  |  | 1,632 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 178 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 10,048 |  |  | $ | 11,718 |  |  | $ | 30,578 |  |  | $ | 36,393 |

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating cash outflow from operating leases |  | $ | 21,975 |  |  | $ | 28,880 |
Operating cash outflow from finance leases |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | 170 |
Financing cash outflow from finance leases |  | $ | 2,382 |  |  | $ | 1,401 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations |  | $ | 14,351 |  |  | $ | 28,785 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations |  | $ | 782 |  |  | $ | 203 |

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):

Year Ending December 31 |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Finance Leases |
2023 |  | $ | 5,967 |  |  | $ | 903 |
2024 |  |  | 20,769 |  |  |  | 3,479 |
2025 |  |  | 14,696 |  |  |  | 3,293 |
2026 |  |  | 10,227 |  |  |  | 3,197 |
2027 |  |  | 7,658 |  |  |  | 2,844 |
Thereafter |  |  | 43,097 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 102,414 |  |  |  | 13,716 |
Less: Finance charges |  |  | 14,204 |  |  |  | 986 |
Total principal liability |  | $ | 88,210 |  |  | $ | 12,730 |

The Company has additional lease liabilities of $3.5 million which have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2023, and as such, have not been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets.

6. | Capital Stock

Net income per share
Net income per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the periods presented. For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, stock options of 2.1 million and 0.5 million, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, stock options of 1.3 million and 0.1 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
Dividends
In February, May and July 2023, the Company’s board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.39 per share. These quarterly cash dividends of $19.4 million, $19.5 million and $19.5 million were paid on March 8, 2023, June 7, 2023 and September 6, 2023, respectively, to stockholders of record on February 27, 2023, May 26, 2023 and August 25, 2023, respectively. In October 2023, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.39 per share to be paid on December 6, 2023 to stockholders of record on November 24, 2023.
Repurchase of common stock
During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares of its Class A common stock under its stock repurchase plan for $13.0 million. During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares and 1.4 million shares of its Class A common stock under its stock repurchase plan for $40.0 million and $60.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, $162.4 million was available for repurchases under the Company’s stock repurchase plan.

7. | Fair Value and Equity Investments

Fair Value
The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of debt approximates fair value due to the variable 30-day interest rate. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information.
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The FASB Codification defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. On a quarterly basis, the Company measures at fair value certain financial assets, including cash equivalents. Accounting standards specify a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

| ■ | Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

| ■ | Level 2 – inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

| ■ | Level 3 – unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.

Accounting standards permit companies, at their option, to measure certain financial instruments and other eligible items at fair value. The Company has elected not to apply the fair value option to existing eligible items beyond what is required by US GAAP.
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Fair Value at September 30, 2023 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets (liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents and current investments |  | $ | 45,949 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,949 |
Derivative financial instruments asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,020 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,020 |
Life insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,913 |  |  |  | 41,913 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,422 | ) |  |  | (6,422 | )
Total |  | $ | 45,949 |  |  | $ | 17,020 |  |  | $ | 35,491 |  |  | $ | 98,460 |

|  | Fair Value at December 31, 2022 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets (liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents and current investments |  | $ | 55,356 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,356 |
Derivative financial instruments asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,738 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,738 |
Life insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,055 |  |  |  | 40,055 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,364 | ) |  |  | (6,364 | )
Total |  | $ | 55,356 |  |  | $ | 19,738 |  |  | $ | 33,691 |  |  | $ | 108,785 |

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 life insurance contracts (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance at January 1 |  | $ | 40,055 |  |  | $ | 49,851 |
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 2,341 |  |  |  | (11,549 | )
Sales and settlements |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | — |
Ending balance at September 30 |  | $ | 41,913 |  |  | $ | 38,302 |

Life insurance contracts: Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 preserves practicability exceptions to fair value measurements provided by other applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP. The guidance in ASC 715-30-35-60 allows a reporting entity, as a practical expedient, to use cash surrender value or conversion value as an expedient for fair value when it is present. Accordingly, the Company determines the fair value of its life insurance contracts as the cash-surrender value of life insurance policies held in its Rabbi Trust.
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 contingent consideration (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance at January 1 |  | $ | (6,364 | ) |  | $ | (10,341 | )
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | 1,969 |
Ending balance at September 30 |  | $ | (6,422 | ) |  | $ | (8,372 | )

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Contingent consideration: Contingent consideration represents the obligations incurred in connection with acquisitions. The estimate of fair value of the contingent consideration obligations requires subjective assumptions to be made regarding the future business results, discount rates, discount periods and probabilities assigned to various potential business result scenarios and was determined using probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of reaching various targets or of achieving certain milestones. The fair value measurement is based on significant inputs unobservable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Changes in current expectations of progress could change the probability of achieving the targets within the measurement periods and result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation.
Equity Investments
The Company maintains equity investments in companies which are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321-10-35-2 for equity securities that lack readily determinable fair values. The carrying amount of equity securities held by the Company without readily determinable fair values was $28.1 million at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 the Company recognized $18.1 million upward fair value adjustments, based on the valuation of additional equity issued by the investee which was deemed to be an observable transaction of a similar investment under ASC 321. The third quarter of 2021 gain was recorded within Other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The upward fair value adjustment represents a nonrecurring fair value measurement based on observable price changes and is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

8. | Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 was $2.5 million and $15.9 million, compared to $(3.6) million and $17.1 million for the prior-year periods. The effective tax rates for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, were (7.3)% and 92.4% of pre-tax income compared to 12.3% and 26.4% in the prior-year periods.
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes.” These standards establish financial accounting and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprise’s activities during the current and preceding years. The Company takes an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. The Company pays income taxes in many foreign jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions between the Company and its foreign affiliates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in this process. The Company has netted these deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized. The Company had net deferred tax assets of $96.6 million and $89.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The Company evaluates its indefinite reinvestment assertions with respect to foreign earnings for each quarter. For all foreign earnings, the Company accrues the applicable foreign income taxes. For the earnings that have been indefinitely reinvested, the Company does not accrue foreign withholding taxes. Undistributed earnings that the Company has indefinitely reinvested, for which no foreign withholding taxes have been provided, aggregate to $60.0 million as of December 31, 2022. If the amount designated as indefinitely reinvested as of December 31, 2022 was repatriated to the United States, the amount of incremental taxes would be approximately $6.0 million. The Company intends to utilize the indefinitely reinvested offshore earnings to fund foreign investments, specifically capital expenditures.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. In 2009, the Company entered into a voluntary program with the IRS called Compliance Assurance Process (“CAP”). The objective of CAP is to contemporaneously work with the IRS to achieve federal tax compliance and resolve all or most of the issues prior to filing of the tax return. As of December 31, 2022, tax years through 2020 have been audited and are effectively closed to further examination. For tax years 2021 and 2023, the Company is in the Bridge phase of the CAP program, pursuant to which the IRS will not accept disclosures, will not conduct reviews and will not provide letters of assurance for the Bridge years. There are limited circumstances that tax years in the Bridge phase will be opened for examination. For tax year 2022, the Company has been accepted in the IRS’s new pilot program, Bridge Plus. The Company may elect to continue participating in CAP for future tax years; the Company may withdraw from the program at any time. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for the years before 2019. Foreign jurisdictions have varying lengths of statutes of limitations for income tax examinations. Some statutes are as short as three years and in certain markets may be as long as ten years. The Company is currently under examination in certain foreign jurisdictions; however, the outcomes of those reviews are not yet determinable. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits relate to multiple jurisdictions. Due to potential increases in unrecognized tax benefits from the multiple jurisdictions in which the Company operates, as well as the expiration of various statutes of limitations, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, net of foreign currency adjustments, may increase in the next 12 months by approximately $1.0 to $2.0 million.
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9. | Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. During 2023, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt.
For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense/income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense/income as interest payments are made/received on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $10.2 million will be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had four outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with a total notional amount of $200 million.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:

|  |  |  | Fair Values of Derivative Instruments |
Derivatives in Cash flow Hedging Relationships: |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Interest Rate Swap - Asset |  | Prepaid expenses and other |  | $ | 10,201 |  |  | $ | 9,156 |
Interest Rate Swap - Asset |  | Other assets |  | $ | 6,819 |  |  | $ | 10,582 |

Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss.

|  | Amount of Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivatives |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Derivatives in Cash flow Hedging Relationships: |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | $ | 1,515 |  |  | $ | 5,832 |  |  | $ | 4,573 |  |  | $ | 15,903 |

|  |  |  | Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income |
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Derivatives in Cash flow Hedging Relationships: |  | Income Statement Location |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | Other expense, net |  | $ | 2,628 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | $ | 7,291 |  |  | $ | 1,323 |

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10. | Segment Information

The Company reports revenue from nine segments, consisting of its seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Americas, Mainland China, Southeast Asia/Pacific, South Korea, Japan, Europe & Africa, and Hong Kong/Taiwan—and two Rhyz Investments segments—Manufacturing and Rhyz other. The Nu Skin other category includes miscellaneous corporate revenue and related adjustments. The Rhyz other segment includes other investments by our Rhyz strategic investment arm. These segments reflect the way the chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s business performance and allocates resources. Reported revenue includes only the revenue generated by sales to external customers.
Profitability by segment as determined under US GAAP is driven primarily by the Company’s transfer pricing policies. Segment contribution, which is the Company’s segment profitability metric presented in the table below, excludes certain intercompany charges, specifically royalties, license fees, transfer pricing, discrete charges and other miscellaneous items. These charges have been included in Corporate and other expenses. Corporate and other expenses also include costs related to the Company’s executive and administrative offices, information technology, research and development, and marketing and supply chain functions not recorded at the segment level.
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company adjusted how it allocates certain corporate overhead costs to the segments. The prior-year segment information has been recast to comply with current presentation. Consolidated financial information is not affected.
Effective June 2023, the Company closed its Israel market. As a result the Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) segment has been renamed Europe & Africa.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on revenue and segment contribution. Each segment records direct expenses related to its employees and its operations.
Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following tables. Asset information is not reviewed or included with the Company’s internal management reporting. Therefore, the Company has not disclosed asset information for each reportable segment.
Revenue by Segment

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 91,671 |  |  | $ | 131,591 |  |  | $ | 300,469 |  |  | $ | 379,616 |
Mainland China |  |  | 70,225 |  |  |  | 75,151 |  |  |  | 226,563 |  |  |  | 286,454 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 68,743 |  |  |  | 83,502 |  |  |  | 200,317 |  |  |  | 267,805 |
South Korea |  |  | 63,709 |  |  |  | 67,237 |  |  |  | 187,719 |  |  |  | 208,678 |
Japan |  |  | 53,399 |  |  |  | 53,276 |  |  |  | 156,867 |  |  |  | 171,019 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | 50,048 |  |  |  | 45,099 |  |  |  | 144,460 |  |  |  | 148,938 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 40,724 |  |  |  | 39,587 |  |  |  | 112,380 |  |  |  | 117,408 |
Nu Skin other |  |  | (274 | ) |  |  | 496 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 2,434 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 438,245 |  |  |  | 495,939 |  |  |  | 1,328,983 |  |  |  | 1,582,352 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing (1) |  |  | 49,714 |  |  |  | 41,328 |  |  |  | 131,032 |  |  |  | 119,898 |
Rhyz other |  |  | 10,813 |  |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | 20,476 |  |  |  | 1,069 |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 60,527 |  |  |  | 41,866 |  |  |  | 151,508 |  |  |  | 120,967 |
Total |  | $ | 498,772 |  |  | $ | 537,805 |  |  | $ | 1,480,491 |  |  | $ | 1,703,319 |

(1) | The Manufacturing segment had $16.2 million and $17.5 million of intersegment revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $44.3 million and $48.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Intersegment revenue is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported segment revenue in the table above.

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Segment Contribution

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 16,627 |  |  | $ | 19,644 |  |  | $ | 61,730 |  |  | $ | 68,324 |
Mainland China |  |  | 15,223 |  |  |  | 12,933 |  |  |  | 48,192 |  |  |  | 54,873 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 13,190 |  |  |  | 18,098 |  |  |  | 37,057 |  |  |  | 61,091 |
South Korea |  |  | 19,433 |  |  |  | 19,671 |  |  |  | 60,399 |  |  |  | 61,497 |
Japan |  |  | 14,617 |  |  |  | 12,295 |  |  |  | 40,033 |  |  |  | 39,382 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | 6,562 |  |  |  | 2,047 |  |  |  | 15,145 |  |  |  | 9,536 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 10,146 |  |  |  | 7,737 |  |  |  | 28,128 |  |  |  | 24,337 |
Nu Skin contribution |  |  | 95,798 |  |  |  | 92,425 |  |  |  | 290,684 |  |  |  | 319,040 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 4,838 |  |  |  | 1,755 |  |  |  | 7,683 |  |  |  | 6,235 |
Rhyz other |  |  | (5,966 | ) |  |  | (1,724 | ) |  |  | (11,318 | ) |  |  | (4,069 | )
Rhyz Investments contribution |  |  | (1,128 | ) |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | (3,635 | ) |  |  | 2,166 |
Total segment contribution |  |  | 94,670 |  |  |  | 92,456 |  |  |  | 287,049 |  |  |  | 321,206 |
Corporate and other |  |  | (121,035 | ) |  |  | (112,740 | ) |  |  | (254,844 | ) |  |  | (237,818 | )
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (26,365 | ) |  |  | (20,284 | ) |  |  | 32,205 |  |  |  | 83,388 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (8,086 | ) |  |  | (8,680 | ) |  |  | (14,955 | ) |  |  | (18,773 | )
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |  | $ | (34,451 | ) |  | $ | (28,964 | ) |  | $ | 17,250 |  |  | $ | 64,615 |

Depreciation and Amortization

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 480 |
Mainland China |  |  | 2,742 |  |  |  | 3,528 |  |  |  | 8,127 |  |  |  | 9,088 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 382 |  |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | 1,144 |
South Korea |  |  | 310 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |  | 1,137 |
Japan |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | 670 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 810 |  |  |  | 599 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 715 |  |  |  | 743 |  |  |  | 1,990 |  |  |  | 2,152 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 4,503 |  |  |  | 5,392 |  |  |  | 14,350 |  |  |  | 15,270 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 3,297 |  |  |  | 3,161 |  |  |  | 10,050 |  |  |  | 9,773 |
Rhyz other |  |  | 2,048 |  |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | 3,816 |  |  |  | 1,776 |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 5,345 |  |  |  | 3,753 |  |  |  | 13,866 |  |  |  | 11,549 |
Corporate and other |  |  | 8,344 |  |  |  | 9,025 |  |  |  | 24,123 |  |  |  | 27,116 |
Total |  | $ | 18,192 |  |  | $ | 18,170 |  |  | $ | 52,339 |  |  | $ | 53,935 |

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Capital Expenditures

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 152 |
Mainland China |  |  | 3,496 |  |  |  | 2,946 |  |  |  | 12,265 |  |  |  | 9,066 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 321 |  |  |  | 143 |
South Korea |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | 613 |
Japan |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 200 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 961 |
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 587 |  |  |  | 698 |  |  |  | 1,386 |
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 4,222 |  |  |  | 3,809 |  |  |  | 14,421 |  |  |  | 12,521 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 2,621 |  |  |  | 1,923 |  |  |  | 8,318 |  |  |  | 4,353 |
Rhyz other |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 2,641 |  |  |  | 1,923 |  |  |  | 8,338 |  |  |  | 4,353 |
Corporate and other |  |  | 5,043 |  |  |  | 19,723 |  |  |  | 15,346 |  |  |  | 28,400 |
Total |  | $ | 11,906 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |  |  | $ | 38,105 |  |  | $ | 45,274 |

11. | Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to government regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling and packaging, product claims and advertising, and the Company’s direct selling system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax and customs authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the Company’s sales force is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations. In addition, in any country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes, laws, rules or regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its operations. No assurance can be given that the Company’s compliance with applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by foreign authorities or that such challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company and its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation, investigations and other proceedings involving various matters. Management believes that the ultimate liability arising from such claims and contingencies, if any, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company believes it has appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the calculation of its tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the Company’s reserves, which would impact its reported financial results.

12. | Acquisitions

In April 2023, the Company acquired 60 percent of LifeDNA, Inc. (“LifeDNA”), a DNA assessment company. Consideration paid included $4.0 million of cash, along with the conversion of a previous $3.0 million Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”), and a $0.2 million convertible note. The acquisition enables the Company to continue to expand its digital tools. The Company allocated the gross purchase price of $12.0 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $7.4 million of intangible assets, $1.7 million of cash, $0.1 million of current assets, $1.0 million of accrued liabilities and also resulted in a deferred tax liability of $2.0 million. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $5.8 million was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired comprised $0.6 million of customer relationships, $1.7 million of technology, $1.0 million of tradenames and $4.1 million of other intangibles. The intangibles were assigned useful lives of 7 years for the technology, tradenames and other intangibles, and 2 years for the customer relationships. All the goodwill was assigned to our Rhyz other segment. As of September 30, 2023 the allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition of LifeDNA is not yet finalized and is subject to adjustments as the Company completes the valuation analysis for this acquisition.
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In June 2023, the Company acquired 100 percent ownership in Beauty Biosciences, LLC (“BeautyBio”), making BeautyBio a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The purchase price for BeautyBio was $75.0 million, net of cash acquired of $1.5 million, all payable in cash. The Company allocated the gross purchase price of $76.5 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of assets acquired included $43.3 million of intangible assets, $1.5 million of cash, $4.7 million of accounts receivable, $11.0 million of inventory, $0.8 million of Prepaid and other assets, $1.0 million of fixed assets, and $3.0 million of accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The excess purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed of $17.2 million was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The intangible assets acquired comprised $18.7 million of customer relationships, $2.3 million of technology, $20.9 million of tradenames and $1.4 million of other intangibles. The intangibles were assigned useful lives of approximately 19 years for the technology and tradenames, approximately 9 years for the customer relationships and 3 years for the other intangibles. All the goodwill was assigned to our Rhyz other segment. As of September 30, 2023, the allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition of BeautyBio is not yet finalized and is subject to adjustments as the Company completes the valuation analysis for this acquisition.
The financial results of LifeDNA and BeautyBio are included in the Rhyz other segment from the date of acquisition. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, the Company included $5.0 and $5.8 million of revenue from these acquisitions, respectively. The unaudited pro forma revenue for the Company, including LifeDNA and BeautyBio, as if the acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2022, would have been $1,489.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 and $547.8 million and $1,722.8 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

13. | Restructuring

In 2021, the Company determined to exit the Grow Tech segment, to better align its resources on key strategic initiatives to achieve the future growth objectives and priorities of the core Nu Skin business. The Grow Tech segment was pursuing the commercialization of controlled-environment agriculture for use in the agriculture feed industry. This segment had been operating as part of the Company’s Rhyz strategic investment arm. As a result of the restructuring program, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $38.5 million in 2021, including $9.2 million for impairment of goodwill, $9.0 million for impairment of intangibles, $13.7 million of fixed asset impairments and $6.6 million for inventory write-off, and $20.0 million of cash charges, including $6.5 million for employee severance and $13.5 million for other related cash charges with our restructuring. The restructuring charges were recorded in our previous Grow Tech segment, which has been recast to Corporate & Other. During the first three quarters of 2022, the Company made cash payments totaling $20.0 million, with $11.6 million in the first quarter of 2022. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company incurred $5.0 million in incremental charges to be settled in cash associated with the exit activities and legal settlements, leaving an ending accrual of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company paid this amount during the first quarter of 2023, leaving no restructuring accrual related to our exit of the Grow Tech segment as of March 31, 2023.
In the third quarter of 2022, the Company adopted a strategic plan to focus resources on the Company’s strategic priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions and footprint optimization. The Company incurred total charges under the program of approximately $53.3 million, with $40.8 million in cash charges of severance and lease termination cost and approximately $12.5 million of non-cash charges of impairment of fixed assets, acceleration of depreciation and impairment of other intangibles related to the footprint optimization. During the back half of 2022, the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of $20.1 million in severance charges, $7.4 million in lease termination cost, and $5.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $8.2 million in fixed asset impairments, $0.9 million in accelerated depreciation and $1.7 million in impairment of other intangibles. During 2022, the Company made cash payments of $21.0 million related to this global program, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $11.7 million. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company incurred charges to be settled in cash of $4.0 million in severance charges, $1.9 million in lease termination cost, and $2.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $1.7 million in accelerated depreciation. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company made cash payments of $7.9 million related to this global program, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $11.9 million. During the second quarter of 2023, the company incurred no incremental charges and made cash payments of $9.6 million related to this global program, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $2.3 million. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company incurred no incremental charges and made cash payments of $1.3 million related to this global program, leaving an ending restructuring accrual of $1.0 million. The Company expects to make the remaining cash payments in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Restructuring expense by segment

(U.S. dollars in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |
Nu Skin |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 918 |
South Korea |  |  | 422 |
Mainland China |  |  | 1,352 |
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 131 |
Japan |  |  | 1,515 |
Europe & Africa |  |  | (113 | )
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | (201 | )
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 4,024 |
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 13 |
Rhyz other |  |  | — |
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 13 |
Corporate and other |  |  | 5,750 |
Total |  | $ | 9,787 |

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14. | Subsequent Events

In October of 2023, the Company adopted a strategic plan to focus resources on the Company’s global priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions. The Company estimates total charges for the fourth quarter of 2023 under the program will approximate $15–$25 million in cash charges of severance. The Company expects to substantially complete the program during the first half of 2024.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that represent our current expectations and beliefs. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws and include, but are not limited to, statements of management’s expectations regarding our performance, initiatives, strategies, product introductions and offerings, acquisitions, and the integration of acquisition targets, growth, opportunities and risks; statements of projections regarding future sales, expenses, operating results, taxes and duties, capital expenditures, sources and uses of cash, foreign-currency fluctuations or devaluations, repatriation of undistributed earnings, and other financial items; statements of management’s expectations and beliefs regarding our markets and global economic conditions; statements regarding the payment of future dividends and stock repurchases; statements regarding the outcome of litigation, audits, investigations or other regulatory actions; statements regarding government policies and regulations relating to our industry, including government policies and regulations in or related to Mainland China; accounting estimates and assumptions; statements of belief; and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “optimistic,” “project,” “anticipate,” “determine,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “objective,” “targets,” “become,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “may,” “might,” the negative of these words and other similar words. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution and advise readers that these statements are based on assumptions that may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations and beliefs contained herein. For a summary of these risks, see the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2022 fiscal year and in any of our subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including this Quarterly Report.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2022 fiscal year, and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission through the date of this Quarterly Report.
Overview
Revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 decreased 7% to $498.8 million, compared to $537.8 million in the prior-year period, and revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 decreased 13% to $1.5 billion, compared to $1.7 billion in the prior-year period. Our revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 was negatively impacted 1% and 3%, respectively, from foreign-currency fluctuations. Our Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders declined 21%, 23% and 6%, respectively, on a year-over-year basis.
The declines in our third quarter and first nine months of 2023 revenue were largely driven by continued macroeconomic pressures we’ve been facing in our markets, which has negatively impacted consumer spending and customer acquisition. During 2023 we began the launch process of ageLOC TRMe, our new personalized approach to weight management, which generated approximately $30.2 million and $66.3 million in revenue, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively, with the launch process continuing in the fourth quarter with previews in Mainland China. In the third quarter of 2023, we began the launch process of our next smart connected device system, ageLOC WellSpa iO, with limited previews starting in select markets, which generated $35.6 million in revenue. The launch process continues in the fourth quarter of 2023 with a majority of our markets launching this product and with the remainder continuing throughout the first half of 2024.
Earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023 decreased 45% to $(0.74), compared to $(0.51) in the prior-year period. Earnings per share for the first nine months of 2023 decreased 97% to $0.03, compared to $0.94 in the prior-year period. The decrease in earnings per share for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 is primarily driven by a third quarter of 2023 inventory write-off charge of $65.7 million, along with overall decline in revenue, partially offset by a third quarter of 2022 restructuring. The decline in earnings per share for the first nine months of 2023 was also impacted by our $9.8 million of restructuring charges incurred in the first quarter of 2023.
Segment Results
We report our business in nine segments to reflect our current management approach. These segments consist of our seven geographic Nu Skin segments—Americas, Mainland China, Southeast Asia/Pacific, South Korea, Japan, Europe & Africa, and Hong Kong/Taiwan—and our Rhyz Investment segments—Manufacturing and Rhyz other. The Nu Skin other category includes miscellaneous corporate revenue and related adjustments. The Rhyz other segment includes other investments by our Rhyz strategic investment arm, which were entered into during the second quarter of 2021 and 2023. Our Europe & Africa segment was previously Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), but was changed following the June 2023 closure of the Israel market.
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The following table sets forth revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for each of our reportable segments (U.S. dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Constant- Currency |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Constant- Currency |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |  |  | Change(1) |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |  |  | Change(1) |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 91,671 |  |  | $ | 131,591 |  |  |  | (30 | )% |  |  | (27 | )% |  | $ | 300,469 |  |  | $ | 379,616 |  |  |  | (21 | )% |  |  | (17 | )%
Mainland China |  |  | 70,225 |  |  |  | 75,151 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | 226,563 |  |  |  | 286,454 |  |  |  | (21 | )% |  |  | (16 | )%
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 68,743 |  |  |  | 83,502 |  |  |  | (18 | )% |  |  | (16 | )% |  |  | 200,317 |  |  |  | 267,805 |  |  |  | (25 | )% |  |  | (23 | )%
South Korea |  |  | 63,709 |  |  |  | 67,237 |  |  |  | (5 | )% |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | 187,719 |  |  |  | 208,678 |  |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | (8 | )%
Japan |  |  | 53,399 |  |  |  | 53,276 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 156,867 |  |  |  | 171,019 |  |  |  | (8 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Europe & Africa |  |  | 50,048 |  |  |  | 45,099 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 144,460 |  |  |  | 148,938 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  |  | (4 | )%
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 40,724 |  |  |  | 39,587 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 112,380 |  |  |  | 117,408 |  |  |  | (4 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Nu Skin other |  |  | (274 | ) |  |  | 496 |  |  |  | (155 | )% |  |  | (155 | )% |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 2,434 |  |  |  | (91 | )% |  |  | (91 | )%
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 438,245 |  |  |  | 495,939 |  |  |  | (12 | )% |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | 1,328,983 |  |  |  | 1,582,352 |  |  |  | (16 | )% |  |  | (13 | )%
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 49,714 |  |  |  | 41,328 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 131,032 |  |  |  | 119,898 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 9 | %
Rhyz other |  |  | 10,813 |  |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | 1,910 | % |  |  | 1,910 | % |  |  | 20,476 |  |  |  | 1,069 |  |  |  | 1,815 | % |  |  | 1,815 | %
Total Rhyz Investments |  |  | 60,527 |  |  |  | 41,866 |  |  |  | 45 | % |  |  | 45 | % |  |  | 151,508 |  |  |  | 120,967 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 25 | %
Total |  | $ | 498,772 |  |  | $ | 537,805 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 1,480,491 |  |  | $ | 1,703,319 |  |  |  | (13 | )% |  |  | (10 | )%

(1) | Constant-currency revenue change is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” below.

The following table sets forth segment contribution for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for each of our reportable segments (U.S. dollars in thousands). Segment contribution excludes certain intercompany charges, specifically royalties, license fees, transfer pricing and other miscellaneous items. We use segment contribution to measure the portion of profitability that the segment managers have the ability to control for their respective segments. The prior year segment contribution has been recast due to a change in how we allocate certain corporate costs. Consolidated financial information was not affected. For additional information regarding our segments and the calculation of segment contribution, see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Nu Skin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 16,627 |  |  | $ | 19,644 |  |  |  | (15 | )% |  | $ | 61,730 |  |  | $ | 68,324 |  |  |  | (10 | )%
Mainland China |  |  | 15,223 |  |  |  | 12,933 |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 48,192 |  |  |  | 54,873 |  |  |  | (12 | )%
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 13,190 |  |  |  | 18,098 |  |  |  | (27 | )% |  |  | 37,057 |  |  |  | 61,091 |  |  |  | (39 | )%
South Korea |  |  | 19,433 |  |  |  | 19,671 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | 60,399 |  |  |  | 61,497 |  |  |  | (2 | )%
Japan |  |  | 14,617 |  |  |  | 12,295 |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 40,033 |  |  |  | 39,382 |  |  |  | 2 | %
Europe & Africa |  |  | 6,562 |  |  |  | 2,047 |  |  |  | 221 | % |  |  | 15,145 |  |  |  | 9,536 |  |  |  | 59 | %
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 10,146 |  |  |  | 7,737 |  |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 28,128 |  |  |  | 24,337 |  |  |  | 16 | %
Total Nu Skin |  |  | 95,798 |  |  |  | 92,425 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 290,684 |  |  |  | 319,040 |  |  |  | (9 | )%
Rhyz Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  |  | 4,838 |  |  |  | 1,755 |  |  |  | 176 | % |  |  | 7,683 |  |  |  | 6,235 |  |  |  | 23 | %
Rhyz other |  |  | (5,966 | ) |  |  | (1,724 | ) |  |  | (246 | )% |  |  | (11,318 | ) |  |  | (4,069 | ) |  |  | (178 | )%
Total Rhyz Investments |  | $ | (1,128 | ) |  | $ | 31 |  |  |  | (3,739 | )% |  | $ | (3,635 | ) |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  |  | (268 | )%

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The following tables provide information concerning the number of Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders in our core Nu Skin business for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

| ● | “Customers” are persons who have purchased directly from the Company during the three months ended as of the date indicated. Our Customer numbers include members of our sales force who made such a purchase, including Paid Affiliates and those who qualify as Sales Leaders, but they do not include consumers who purchase directly from members of our sales force.

| ● | “Paid Affiliates” are any Brand Affiliates, as well as members of our sales force in Mainland China, who earned sales compensation during the three-month period. In all of our markets besides Mainland China, we refer to members of our independent sales force as “Brand Affiliates” because their primary role is to promote our brand and products through their personal social networks.

| ● | “Sales Leaders” are the three-month average of our monthly Brand Affiliates, as well as sales employees and independent marketers in Mainland China, who achieved certain qualification requirements as of the end of each month of the quarter.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  |  | 231,215 |  |  |  | 316,123 |  |  |  | (27 | )%
Mainland China |  |  | 189,221 |  |  |  | 256,183 |  |  |  | (26 | )%
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 111,151 |  |  |  | 153,432 |  |  |  | (28 | )%
South Korea |  |  | 109,550 |  |  |  | 134,549 |  |  |  | (19 | )%
Japan |  |  | 114,316 |  |  |  | 121,202 |  |  |  | (6 | )%
Europe & Africa |  |  | 169,320 |  |  |  | 187,906 |  |  |  | (10 | )%
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 54,134 |  |  |  | 69,989 |  |  |  | (23 | )%
Total Customers |  |  | 978,907 |  |  |  | 1,239,384 |  |  |  | (21 | )%
Paid Affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  |  | 32,769 |  |  |  | 44,745 |  |  |  | (27 | )%
Mainland China |  |  | 27,509 |  |  |  | 23,088 |  |  |  | 19 | %
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 33,574 |  |  |  | 40,624 |  |  |  | (17 | )%
South Korea(1) |  |  | 24,110 |  |  |  | 47,852 |  |  |  | (50 | )%
Japan |  |  | 37,695 |  |  |  | 38,119 |  |  |  | (1 | )%
Europe & Africa(1) |  |  | 19,254 |  |  |  | 31,409 |  |  |  | (39 | )%
Hong Kong/Taiwan(1) |  |  | 11,251 |  |  |  | 17,439 |  |  |  | (35 | )%
Total Paid Affiliates |  |  | 186,162 |  |  |  | 243,276 |  |  |  | (23 | )%
Sales Leaders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  |  | 7,537 |  |  |  | 9,545 |  |  |  | (21 | )%
Mainland China |  |  | 12,647 |  |  |  | 11,897 |  |  |  | 6 | %
Southeast Asia/Pacific |  |  | 6,351 |  |  |  | 7,618 |  |  |  | (17 | )%
South Korea |  |  | 6,436 |  |  |  | 6,992 |  |  |  | (8 | )%
Japan |  |  | 7,087 |  |  |  | 6,063 |  |  |  | 17 | %
Europe & Africa |  |  | 4,105 |  |  |  | 4,777 |  |  |  | (14 | )%
Hong Kong/Taiwan |  |  | 2,868 |  |  |  | 2,932 |  |  |  | (2 | )%
Total Sales Leaders |  |  | 47,031 |  |  |  | 49,824 |  |  |  | (6 | )%

(1) | The September 30, 2023 number is affected by a change in eligibility requirements for receiving certain rewards within our compensation structure, to more narrowly focus on those affiliates who are actively building a consumer base. See “South Korea,” “Europe & Africa,” and “Hong Kong/Taiwan,” below. We plan to implement these changes in additional segments over the next several quarters.

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Following is a narrative discussion of our results in each segment, which supplements the tables above.
Americas. The decline in revenue, Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders in our Americas segment for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 is attributable to the continued decline in momentum in our North America markets, while our Latin America markets continue to be challenged by macroeconomic issues. In the first quarter of 2023 we have launched our new affiliates rewards and recognition program in North America. In the second quarter of 2023, we adjusted the structure of our sales compensation program in our Latin America markets and implemented our new e-commerce platform in North America. Despite some early difficulties with migration and adoption of the new programs and platforms, we believe these changes will be beneficial for our future growth opportunities.
The year-over-year decrease in segment contribution for the third quarter of 2023 and first nine months of 2023 primarily reflect the decline in revenue, partially offset by 2.2 and 2.0 percentage point decrease in selling expenses as a percent of revenue from sales mix, as our products have differing commission percentages assigned to them.
Mainland China. Our Mainland China market has continued to be challenged during 2023. Although we had seen certain improving trends during the second quarter, ongoing macroeconomic factors in the third quarter and the associated decrease in consumer spending led to declines in revenue and Customers. The year-over-year increases in our Sales Leaders and Paid Affiliates reflect the second quarter growth in these metrics. Our revenue for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 was negatively impacted 6% and 5%, respectively, by unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations. During the third quarter we launched ageLOC TRME, which we continue to focus on in the fourth quarter, along with preparations for our preview of the ageLOC WellSpa iO, which we will begin previewing the back half of the fourth quarter.
The year-over-year increase in segment contribution for the third quarter of 2023 primarily reflects a decrease in general and administrative expenses from cost savings realized from our 2022 restructuring plan, partially offset by the decline in revenue as well as a 2.4 percentage point increase in selling expenses as a percentage of revenue. The salaries and service fees of our Sales Leaders in Mainland China are fixed until they are adjusted in a quarterly evaluation process. As a result, we have variations in our selling expenses as a percentage of revenue particularly when there is a sequential change in revenue. The decrease in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2023 is primarily driven by a decline in revenue, partially offset by improvements in general and administrative expenses.
Southeast Asia/Pacific. The decline in revenue, Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 is partially attributable to slowing momentum from the general macro-economic factors in the markets along with our recent price increases to address inflation. In addition, in the first half of 2022 we launched ageLOC Meta (locally referred to as ageLOC Reset in our Southeast Asia markets), which generated $40.3 million in revenue for the first nine months of 2022, respectively, compared to $17.1 million for the first nine months of 2023. We reported sequential improvements from the prior quarter in the region in revenue, Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders as our recent promotions helped to generate momentum and we are aligning the Sales Leaders for the upcoming fourth quarter of 2023 preview of ageLOC WellSpa iO, along with further promotions directed towards customers.
The year-over-year decrease in segment contribution is primarily attributable to the decline in revenue, along with a 0.9 and 2.0 percentage point decline in gross margin for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively, due to product mix.
South Korea. Our South Korea market was challenged by difficult macroeconomic trends, including inflationary pressures and our associated price increases which negatively impacted our revenue, Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023. Our Paid Affiliates were also negatively impacted by a change in eligibility requirements for receiving certain rewards within our compensation structure. We estimate the change in eligibility requirements resulted in a reduction of approximately 17 thousand Paid Affiliates for the third quarter of 2023.
The year-over-year decrease in segment contribution primarily reflects the decline in revenue, partially offset by decreases in general and administrative expenses from savings generated by our 2022 restructuring plan.
Japan. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 revenue was negatively impacted 5% and 7%, respectively, from unfavorable foreign-currency fluctuations. In addition, our revenue, Customers and Paid Affiliates were negatively impacted by inflationary pressures and our associated price increases implemented in the second quarter of 2023. Our third quarter increase in local-currency revenue and Sales Leaders was driven by our preview of the ageLOC WellSpa iO and Sales Leader incentive promotions.
The year-over-year improvement in segment contribution for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 reflects the cost savings generated from the 2022 restructuring plan, and a decrease in selling expenses due to a reduction in the incentive trips accrual. For the first nine months of 2023, the improvements in segment contribution were partially offset by a decline in revenue.
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Europe & Africa. During the third quarter of 2023 we previewed the ageLOC WellSpa iO which generated $4.3 million and had a successful ageLOC LumiSpa iO promotion within our Vera app, resulting in revenue growth for the quarter. Our revenue for the third quarter of 2023 benefited 8% from favorable foreign currency fluctuations. The reduction in revenue, Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders for the first nine months of 2023 reflects the softening of momentum that occurred during the first half of 2023, as well as macroeconomic factors that have led to a decline in purchasing power of our customers. Our Paid Affiliates were also negatively impacted by a change in eligibility requirements for receiving certain rewards within our compensation structure. We estimate the change in eligibility requirements resulted in a reduction of approximately 4 thousand Paid Affiliates for the third quarter of 2023. Effective June 2023, we closed our Israel market. This market generated $65 thousand of revenue for the first half of 2023 prior to its closure and $172 thousand for the full year 2022.
The year-over-year increase in segment contribution for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 reflects a slight improvement in gross margin due to favorable sales mix and price increase, and a 2.2 and 1.3 percentage point decrease in selling expenses as a percent of revenue, respectively, from a favorable sales mix and lower incentive trip accruals primarily from a decrease in Sales Leaders who qualified for the trips. For the third quarter of 2023, our segment contribution also benefited from increased revenue.
Hong Kong/Taiwan. Our Hong Kong/Taiwan segment revenue increased 3% for the third quarter and decreased 4% for the first nine months of 2023. Our revenue was negatively impacted 3% for the third quarter and the first nine months of 2023 from unfavorable foreign-currency fluctuations. During the third quarter of 2023 we previewed the ageLOC WellSpa iO, which generated approximately $8.1 million in revenue. Our Paid Affiliates were also negatively impacted by a change in eligibility requirements for receiving certain rewards within our compensation structure. We estimate the change in eligibility requirements resulted in a reduction of approximately 5 thousand Paid Affiliates for the third quarter of 2023.
The increase in segment contribution for the third quarter of 2023 benefited from increased revenue as well as a decline in general and administrative expenses from cost savings in occupancy and labor from our 2022 restructuring plan. The increase in segment contribution for the first nine months of 2023 was primarily driven by a 1.1 percentage point improvement in gross margin from cost saving initiatives to reduce freight and overhead cost and a 2.1 percentage point decrease in selling expenses as a percentage of revenue from lower incentive trip accruals.
Manufacturing. Our Manufacturing segment revenue increased 20% for the third quarter and 9% for the first nine months of 2023, primarily from the onboarding of new customers and automation efforts to increase efficiencies, enabling an increase in production capacity.
The increase in segment contribution for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 is primarily from the increased revenue and efficiencies gained from automation. In addition, segment contribution benefited from a favorable revenue mix between our manufacturing entities, which have differing profit levels.
Rhyz Other. The increase in revenue in our Rhyz other segment is primarily driven by $5.3 million and $13.6 million of growth at our previously acquired social commerce platform for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively. In addition, we recognized $5.0 million and $5.8 million of revenue for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively, from our entities acquired in the second quarter of 2023. Because we acquired these entities during the year, our reported revenue for these entities consists only of the revenue after the acquisition dates, not the full year-to-date period.
In April 2023, we acquired 60 percent of LifeDNA, Inc. (“LifeDNA”), a DNA assessment company. Consideration paid included $4.0 million of cash, along with the conversion of a previous $3.0 million Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”), and a $0.2 million convertible note. In June 2023, we acquired 100 percent ownership in Beauty Biosciences, LLC (“BeautyBio”), a clean and clinically proven skin care and beauty device company. The purchase price for BeautyBio was $75.0 million, net of cash acquired of $1.5 million, all payable in cash.
Consolidated Results
Revenue
Revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 decreased 7% to $498.8 million, compared to $537.8 million in the prior-year period. Revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 decreased 13% to $1.5 billion compared to $1.7 billion. Our reported revenue was negatively impacted 1% and 3% from foreign-currency fluctuations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively. For a discussion and analysis of these decreases in revenue, see “Overview” and “Segment Results,” above.
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Gross profit
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 58.6% for the third quarter of 2023, compared to 67.7% for the prior-year period, and 67.9% for the first nine months of 2023, compared to 71.6% for the prior-year period. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue for core Nu Skin decreased 11.2 percentage points to 61.8% for the third quarter of 2023 and decreased 3.7 percentage points to 71.9% for the first nine months of 2023. During the third quarter of 2023, we made the strategic decision to re-balance and narrow our product portfolio, which resulted in an incremental $65.7 million inventory write-off, compared to an incremental $26.9 million write-off in the third quarter of 2022. Our gross margin for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, was also impacted by the gross margin of our owned manufacturing entities, which as previously disclosed, is significantly lower than the gross margin of our core Nu Skin business. With the year-over-year growth within our Manufacturing segment, their revenue represented a higher proportion of our overall consolidated revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 than in the prior-year periods.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 37.6% for the third quarter of 2023, compared to 40.3% for the prior year period, and decreased to 37.9% for the first nine months of 2023, compared to 39.8% for the prior-year period. Core Nu Skin selling expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased 1.8 percentage points to 41.7% for the third quarter of 2023 and decreased 1.6 percentage points to 41.2% for the first nine months of 2023. Selling expenses for our core Nu Skin business are driven by the specific performance of our individual Sales Leaders. Given the size of our sales force and the various components of our compensation and incentive programs, selling expenses as a percentage of revenue typically fluctuate plus or minus approximately 100 basis points from period to period. The declines in our selling expenses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 also reflect a decline in our incentive trip accruals as fewer members of our sales force qualified for these trips.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased to $130.9 million in the third quarter of 2023, compared to $138.0 million in the prior-year period and decreased to $401.8 million in the first nine months of 2023, compared to $428.1 million in the prior-year period. The $7.1 million decrease for the third quarter of 2023 and $26.3 million decrease for the first nine months of 2023 was primarily from contraction in labor expense and occupancy related expenses, both attributable to our 2022 restructuring in which we reduced our physical footprint and reduced our headcount. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 26.2% for the third quarter of 2023, from 25.7% for the prior-year period, and increased to 27.1% for the first nine months of 2023, from 25.1% for the prior-year period.
Restructuring and impairment expenses
In the third quarter of 2022, we adopted a strategic plan to focus resources on our strategic priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions and footprint optimization. We incurred total charges under the program of approximately $53.3 million, with $40.8 million in cash charges of severance and lease termination cost and approximately $12.5 million of non-cash charges of impairment of fixed assets, acceleration of depreciation and other intangibles related to the footprint optimization. During the third and fourth quarters of 2022, we incurred charges to be settled in cash of $20.1 million in severance charges, $7.4 million in lease termination cost, and $5.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $8.2 million in fixed asset impairments, $0.9 million in accelerated depreciation and $1.7 million in impairment of other intangibles. During the first quarter of 2023 we incurred charges to be settled in cash of $4.0 million in severance charges, $1.9 million in lease termination cost, and $2.2 million in other associated cost, and non-cash charges of $1.7 million in accelerated depreciation. No restructuring charges were incurred in the second or third quarter of 2023.
In October 2023, we adopted a strategic plan to focus resources on our global priorities and optimize future growth and profitability. The global program includes workforce reductions. We estimate total charges for the fourth quarter of 2023 under the program will approximate $15–$25 million in severance charges, which will be paid in cash. We expect to substantially complete the program during the first half of 2024. The program may expand as we continue to evaluate our business, including product portfolio, global processes and organization, and operational footprint.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net was $(8.1) million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $(8.7) million for the prior-year period and $(15.0) million for the first nine months of 2023 compared to $(18.8) million for the prior-year period. The decrease in other expense for the third quarter reflects a $0.7 million decline in foreign currency losses and a $3.3 million unrealized investment loss recorded in the third quarter of 2022 related to a controlled environment agriculture company we invested in as part of our previous Grow Tech segment, partially offset by a $3.9 million increase in interest expense. The decrease in other expense for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 reflects a $6.9 million decline in foreign currency losses and a $9.0 million unrealized investment loss recorded in 2022 related to the controlled environment agriculture company, partially offset by a $9.3 million increase in interest expense and a $2.0 million decline in contingent consideration that was recorded in the first nine months of 2022 in connection with a previous acquisition.
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Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 was $2.5 million and $15.9 million, respectively, compared to $(3.6) million and $17.1 million for the prior-year periods. The effective tax rates for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 were (7.3)% and 92.4% of pre-tax income compared, respectively, to 12.3% and 26.4% in the prior-year periods. The increase in effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 primarily reflects the decline in profitability for the period which resulted in recording additional valuation allowances against our foreign tax credits.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing factors, net income (loss) for the third quarter of 2023 was $(37.0) million, compared to $(25.4) million in the prior-year period. Net income for the first nine months of 2023 was $1.3 million, compared to $47.6 million for the first nine months of 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our principal uses of cash have included operating expenses (particularly selling expenses) and working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, and debt repayment. We have at times incurred long-term debt, or drawn on our revolving line of credit, to fund strategic transactions, stock repurchases, capital investments and short-term operating needs. We typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable margins and have generally relied on cash from operations to fund operating activities. In the first nine months of 2023, we generated $64.5 million in cash from operations, compared to $82.5 million during the prior-year period. The decrease in cash flow from operations primarily reflects lower net income in 2023 and an increase in accounts receivable from increased revenue at our manufacturing entities, partially offset by a higher payout of accrued commissions during 2022 due to higher sales for that year. Cash and cash equivalents, including current investments, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $250.0 million and $278.5 million, respectively, with the decrease being driven by our second quarter of 2023 acquisition of BeautyBio and LifeDNA, quarterly dividend payments, capital expenditures, as discussed below, and payment on liabilities associated with our 2022 restructuring plan, partially offset by borrowings on our revolving credit facility.
Working capital. As of September 30, 2023, working capital was $267.1 million, compared to $400.6 million as of December 31, 2022. Our decline in working capital is primarily attributable to our second quarter of 2023 acquisitions of BeautyBio and LifeDNA, which were purchased using proceeds from our revolving credit facility as well as our third quarter of 2023 inventory write-off.
Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $38.1 million. We expect that our capital expenditures in 2023 will be primarily related to:

| ● | purchases and expenditures for computer systems and equipment, software, and application development;

| ● | the expansion and upgrade of facilities in our various markets; and

| ● | a new manufacturing plant in Mainland China.

We estimate that capital expenditures for the uses listed above will total approximately $50–60 million for 2023. The construction of the new manufacturing plant in Mainland China was substantially completed during the second quarter of 2023, with production expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2023. As of September 30, 2023, we have spent approximately $57.1 million on this project, including $6.4 million in the first nine months of 2023 and expect that our expenditures for this project will total approximately $60 million, including approximately $10 million during 2023.
Credit Agreement. On June 14, 2022, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with various financial institutions as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $500.0 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. We used the proceeds of the term loan and the draw on the revolving facility to pay off the previous credit agreement. Both facilities bear interest at the SOFR, plus a margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio. The term loan facility amortizes in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 2.5% during the first year and 5.0% during the subsequent years after the closing date of the Credit Agreement, with the remainder payable at final maturity. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $120.0 million and $10.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and $385.0 million and $395.0 million on our term loan facility. The carrying value of the debt also reflects debt issuance costs of $2.1 million and $2.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, related to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio not exceeding 2.25 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.
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Derivative Instruments. As of September 30, 2023, we had four interest rate swaps, with a total notional principal amount of $200 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2025. We entered into these interest rate swap arrangements during the third quarter of 2020 to hedge the variable cash flows associated with our variable-rate debt under the Credit Agreement.
Stock repurchase plan. In 2018, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase plan authorizing us to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in private transactions. During the third quarter and first half of 2023, we repurchased 0.6 million shares of our Class A common stock under the plan for $13.0 million. As of September 30, 2023, $162.4 million was available for repurchases under the plan. Our stock repurchases are used primarily to offset dilution from our equity incentive plans and for strategic initiatives.
Dividends. In February, May and July 2023, our board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.39 per share. These quarterly cash dividends of $19.4 million, $19.5 million and $19.5 million were paid on March 8, 2023, June 7, 2023 and September 6, 2023 to stockholders of record on February 27, 2023, May 26, 2023 and August 25, 2023. In October 2023, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.39 per share to be paid on December 6, 2023 to stockholders of record on November 24, 2023. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. However, the continued declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other relevant factors.
Cash from foreign subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held $250.0 million and $278.5 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents, including current investments. These amounts include $198.2 million and $223.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, held in our operations outside of the U.S. Substantially all of our non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents are readily convertible into U.S. dollars or other currencies, subject to procedural or other requirements in certain markets, as well as an indefinite-reinvestment designation, as described below.
We typically fund the cash requirements of our operations in the U.S. through intercompany dividends, intercompany loans and intercompany charges for products, use of intangible property, and corporate services. However, some markets impose government-approval or other requirements for the repatriation of dividends. For example, in Mainland China, we are unable to repatriate cash from current operations in the form of dividends until we file the necessary statutory financial statements for the relevant period. As of September 30, 2023, we had $20.2 million in cash denominated in Chinese RMB. We also have experienced delays in repatriating cash from Argentina. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $16.9 million and $14.9 million, respectively, in intercompany receivables with our Argentina subsidiary. We also have intercompany loan arrangements in some of our markets, including Mainland China, that allow us to access available cash, subject to certain limits in Mainland China and other jurisdictions. We also have drawn on our revolving line of credit to address cash needs until we can repatriate cash from Mainland China or other markets, and we may continue to do so. Except for $60.0 million of earnings in Mainland China that we designated as indefinitely reinvested during the second quarter of 2018, we currently plan to repatriate undistributed earnings from our non-U.S. operations as necessary, considering the cash needs of our non-U.S. operations and the cash needs of our U.S. operations for dividends, stock repurchases, capital investments, debt repayment and strategic transactions. Repatriation of non-U.S. earnings is subject to withholding taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions. Accordingly, we have accrued the necessary withholding taxes related to the non-U.S. earnings.
We currently believe that existing cash balances, future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash needs on both a short- and long-term basis. The majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature, and as such, a potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from operations and current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or strategic needs, we would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets or restructuring our current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic plans, including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend payments.
Contingent Liabilities
Please refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report for information regarding our contingent liabilities.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies or estimates during the third quarter of 2023.
Seasonality and Cyclicality
In addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling is also generally negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many individuals, including our sales force, traditionally take vacations.
Prior to making a product generally available for purchase in a market, we often do one or more introductory offerings of the product, such as a preview of the product to our Sales Leaders or other product introduction or promotion. These offerings sometimes generate significant activity and a high level of purchasing, which can result in a higher-than-normal increase in revenue, Sales Leaders, Paid Affiliates and/or Customers during the quarter and can skew year-over-year and sequential comparisons.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Constant-currency revenue change is a non-GAAP financial measure that removes the impact of fluctuations in foreign-currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance. It is calculated by translating the current period’s revenue at the same average exchange rates in effect during the applicable prior-year period and then comparing that amount to the prior-year period’s revenue. We believe that constant-currency revenue change is useful to investors, lenders and analysts because such information enables them to gauge the impact of foreign-currency fluctuations on our revenue from period to period.
Available Information
Our website address is www.nuskin.com. We make available, free of charge on our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We also use our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, as a channel of distribution of additional Company information that may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following our press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Currency Risk and Exchange Rate Information
A majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized outside of the United States, except for inventory purchases, a significant portion of which are primarily transacted in U.S. dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our Subsidiaries’ primary markets is considered the functional currency with the exception of our Asia product-distribution subsidiary in Singapore and, as discussed below, our subsidiary in Argentina. All revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods reported. Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. These impacts may be significant because a large portion of our business is derived from outside of the United States. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, it is difficult to predict the effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of operations or financial condition.
In the second quarter of 2018, published inflation indices indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation in Argentina exceeded 100 percent, and as of July 1, 2018, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our subsidiary in Argentina. Under highly inflationary accounting, the functional currency for our subsidiary in Argentina became the U.S. dollar, and the income statement and balance sheet for this subsidiary have been measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities has been reflected in earnings in Other income (expense), net and was not material. As of September 30, 2023, our subsidiary in Argentina had a small net peso monetary position. Net sales of our subsidiary in Argentina were less than 2% of our consolidated net sales for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
We may seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the use of foreign currency exchange contracts and through intercompany loans of foreign currency. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our foreign currency risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on our operating results. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not hold material non-designated mark-to-market forward derivative contracts to hedge foreign denominated intercompany positions or third party foreign debt. As of September 30, 2023, and 2022 we did not hold any material forward contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges. We continue to evaluate our foreign currency hedging policy.
For additional information about our market risk see Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.
We made no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There have been no material developments concerning the matters discussed in the “Legal Proceedings” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2022 fiscal year.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

The information presented below supplements and should be read in conjunction with the detailed discussion of risks associated with our business in our recent SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2022 fiscal year and subsequent reports.
Cyber security risks and the failure to maintain the integrity of company, employee, sales force or guest data could expose us to data loss, litigation, liability and harm to our reputation.
We collect, transmit and/or store large volumes of company, employee, sales force and guest data, including payment card information, personally identifiable information and other personal information, for business purposes, including for transactional and promotional purposes, and our various information technology systems enter, process, summarize and report such data. The connected devices that we have developed or are developing also collect consumer data. The integrity and protection of this data is critical to our business.
We are subject to various security and privacy regulations in the markets where we do business, as well as requirements imposed by the payment card industry. For example, during 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation went into effect in the European Union, imposing increased data protection regulations, the violation of which could result in fines of up to 4% of our annual consolidated revenue. Many other U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions have similarly enacted security and privacy regulations. Many other jurisdictions, including California and Mainland China, have increased enforcement of laws and regulations that have recently taken effect. We believe these trends will continue. In the United States, congressional committees have held preliminary hearings about the advisability of a federal data privacy law, but it is uncertain whether the federal government will adopt such a law and whether it would preempt state data privacy laws. The prospect of new data privacy laws and ambiguity regarding the interpretation of new and existing laws has resulted in significant uncertainty and compliance costs. In addition to laws specifically governing privacy and data security, in some cases, federal and state regulators and state attorneys general and administrative agencies have interpreted more general consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. Although we monitor regulatory developments in this area, any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with these requirements could subject us to significant penalties, lawsuits and negative publicity and require changes to our business practices. In particular, maintaining compliance with these and other evolving regulations and requirements around the world often requires changes to our information system architecture and data storage processes. For example, data privacy laws in Mainland China and other jurisdictions place restrictions on the cross-border transmission of personal data, which could impede our ability to perform many business functions, including calculating and paying compensation to our sales force, absent significant changes to our information system architecture. Changing our information system architecture and data transfer and storage processes is difficult and expensive. Investigations by the regulators of data security laws could also result in the payment of fines, reputational harm and an inability to continue doing business in certain jurisdictions. Private actions by affected individuals could also result in significant monetary or reputational damage.
We also share certain data with our sales force. We could face fines, investigations, lawsuits or other legal action if our sales force violates, or is perceived to violate, applicable laws and regulations, and our reputation and brand could be negatively impacted.
Similarly, a failure to adhere to the payment card industry’s data security standards could cause us to incur penalties from payment card associations, termination of our ability to accept credit or debit card payments, litigation and adverse publicity, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
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In addition, a breached or compromised data system or the intentional, inadvertent or negligent release, misuse or disclosure of data could result in theft, loss, or fraudulent or unlawful use of company, employee, sales force or guest data. Although we take measures to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of our data systems, we experience cyber attacks of varying degrees and types on a regular basis. Our infrastructure may be vulnerable to these attacks, and in some cases it could take time to discover them. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error or malfeasance, system errors or otherwise. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, users, or customers to disclose sensitive information to gain access to our data or our users’ or customers’ data. Any such breach or unauthorized access could result in the unauthorized disclosure, misuse or loss of sensitive information and lead to significant legal and financial exposure, regulatory inquiries or investigations, loss of confidence by our sales force and customers, disruption of our operations, damage to our reputation, and costs associated with remediating the incident. These risks are heightened as we work with third-party providers, including providers of mobile and cloud technologies, and as our sales force uses social media, as the providers and social media platforms could be vulnerable to the same types of breaches and other risks. Acquisition activity, which we have engaged in and which we may continue to engage in, may also heighten these risks, as the systems of the companies we acquire are not under our control prior to the acquisitions and it may take time to evaluate these systems and implement appropriate modifications to them.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

|  | (a) |  |  | (b) |  |  | (c) |  |  | (d) |
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)(1) |
July 1 - 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 175.4 |
August 1 - 31, 2023 |  |  | 50,462 |  |  |  | 23.80 |  |  |  | 50,462 |  |  | $ | 174.2 |
September 1 - 30, 2023 |  |  | 503,004 |  |  |  | 23.48 |  |  |  | 503,004 |  |  | $ | 162.4 |
Total |  |  | 553,466 |  |  | $ | 23.51 |  |  |  | 553,466 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | In August 2018, we announced that our board of directors approved a stock repurchase plan. Under this plan, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

Trading Plan
On September 6, 2023, Edwina Woodbury, a member of our Board of Directors, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) to sell 40% of the shares of Class A Common Stock underlying her 4,232 restricted stock units that will vest on April 30, 2024. The sale is scheduled to occur on the vesting date of April 30, 2024 or the next possible business day.
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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibits Regulation S-K Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, filed August 2, 2023).
10.2 |  | Amendment 1 to Fourth Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, filed August 2, 2023).
31.1 |  | Certification by Ryan S. Napierski, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification by James D. Thomas, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification by Ryan S. Napierski, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification by James D. Thomas, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
November 1, 2023

NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: | /s/ James D. Thomas |
| James D. Thomas |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |

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