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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
State | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Foreign | 247 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 43 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign | (40) |  |  | (26) |  |  | (5) |
Total | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Loss before income taxes was as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
United States | $ | (30,622) |  |  | $ | (49,551) |  |  | $ | (51,777) |
Foreign | (149) |  |  | (83) |  |  | 147 |
Total | $ | (30,771) |  |  | $ | (49,634) |  |  | $ | (51,630) |
The following reconciles the differences between the federal statutory income tax rate in effect in each year to the Company’s effective tax rate:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Statutory federal tax rate | 21.00 | % |  | 21.00 | % |  | 21.00 | %
State tax, net of federal tax effect | 2.70 |  |  | 1.02 |  |  | 2.64 |
Stock compensation | (5.86) |  |  | (4.07) |  |  | 3.51 |
Change in valuation allowance | (19.97) |  |  | (17.94) |  |  | (27.21) |
Other | 1.29 |  |  | (0.03) |  |  | (0.06) |
Effective tax rate | (0.84) | % |  | (0.02) | % |  | (0.12) | %
The components of deferred tax assets and (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating losses | $ | 44,357 |  |  | $ | 42,181 |
Sales and use tax reserves | 187 |  |  | 195 |
Stock compensation | 2,112 |  |  | 3,449 |
Compensation related accruals | 1,749 |  |  | 933 |
Interest expense limitations | 396 |  |  | 487 |
Leases - Right-of-use liability | 11,702 |  |  | 13,150 |
Other | 168 |  |  | 55 |
Fixed assets | 1,013 |  |  | 736 |
Capitalized research expenses | 8,470 |  |  | 5,411 |
Valuation allowance | (54,867) |  |  | (48,723) |
Total deferred tax assets - net | 15,287 |  |  | 17,874 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
State taxes | — |  |  | (1,267) |
Intangible assets | (266) |  |  | (342) |
Leases - Right-of-use asset | (10,309) |  |  | (11,729) |
Deferred contract costs | (4,647) |  |  | (4,512) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (15,222) |  |  | (17,850) |
Net deferred taxes assets | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Activity of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance was as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Balance at beginning of the year | $ | 48,723 |  |  | $ | 40,101 |  |  | $ | 26,052 |
Charged to costs and expense | 6,144 |  |  | 8,622 |  |  | 14,049 |
Balance at end of the year | $ | 54,867 |  |  | $ | 48,723 |  |  | $ | 40,101 |
The Company evaluates its ability to realize net deferred tax assets by considering all available positive and negative evidence including past results of operations, forecasted earnings, tax planning strategies, and all sources of future taxable income. A full valuation allowance was maintained on domestic deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023, primarily due to cumulative losses in recent years. Net deferred tax assets are included in the other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, U.S. Federal and State net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards are both approximately $191.8 million and $139.6 million. These NOLs have expiration dates starting in 2037 for U.S. Federal and 2032 for State jurisdictions. The U.S. Federal NOL generated in 2018 and years forward, are not subject to a carryforward limitation and can be utilized at any time in the future. The total U.S. Federal NOLs not subject to carryover limitation are $160.1 million. Full realization of the NOLs is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration. The ability to realize the NOLs could also be limited by previous or future changes in ownership in accordance with rules in Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383. ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. Once the recognition threshold is met, the portion of the tax benefit that is recorded represents the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. The Company determined it did not have any unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 or 2022. The Company accounts for interest expense and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits as a part of its income tax provision. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and in various states. Additionally, the Company files income tax returns in the foreign jurisdictions in which it operates. The statute of limitations for the federal U.S. income tax returns is still open for tax years 2020 forward. The statute of limitations for state income tax returns varies between three and four years in the state taxing jurisdictions where the Company files, and would still be open for tax years 2019 forward or 2018 depending on the jurisdiction. The statute of limitations in the foreign jurisdictions varies by foreign jurisdiction, however, the Company has open returns in the foreign jurisdictions beginning for tax year 2020.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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