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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

| Commission file number | 001-35968 |

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Iowa |  | 42-1206172
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA 52240 |  | (319) 356-5800
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |  | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1.00 par value |  | MOFG |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | x
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No
As of May 4, 2021, there were 15,979,198 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents
MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Form 10-Q Quarterly Report
Table of Contents

|  |  |  | Page No.
PART I |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 1
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 1
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income |  | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 5
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 7
Item 2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 33
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  | 50
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 52
Part II |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 54
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 54
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 54
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 54
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 54
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 54
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 55
|  | Signatures |  | 56

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms
As used in this report, references to "MidWest One", "we", "our", "us", the "Company", and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. MidWest One Bank or the "Bank" refers to MidWest One's bank subsidiary, MidWest One Bank.
The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including "Item 1. Financial Statements" and "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

ABTW | American Bank and Trust-Wisconsin of Cuba City, Wisconsin | FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
ACL | Allowance for Credit Losses | FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank
AFS | Available for Sale | FHLBC | Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago
AOCI | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | FHLBDM | Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification | FHLMC | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
ASU | Accounting Standards Update | FNMA | Federal National Mortgage Association
ATM | Automated Teller Machine | FRB | Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
ATSB | American Trust & Savings Bank of Dubuque, Iowa | GAAP | U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Basel III Rules | A comprehensive capital framework and rules for U.S. banking organizations approved by the FRB and the FDIC in 2013 | GLBA | Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
BHCA | Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended | GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association
BOLI | Bank Owned Life Insurance | HTM | Held to Maturity
CAA | Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 | ICS | Insured Cash Sweep
CARES Act | Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act | LIBOR | The London Inter-bank Offered Rate
CDARS | Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service | MBS | Mortgage-Backed Securities
CECL | Current Expected Credit Loss | OTTI | Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
CMO | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations | PCD | Purchased Financial Assets with Credit Deterioration
COVID-19 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 | PCI | Purchased Credit Impaired
CRA | Community Reinvestment Act | PPP | Paycheck Protection Program
CRE | Commercial Real Estate | ROU | Right-of-Use
DCF | Discounted cash flows | RRE | Residential Real Estate
Dodd-Frank Act | Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act | RPA | Credit Risk Participation Agreement
ECL | Expected Credit Losses | SBA | U.S. Small Business Administration
EVE | Economic Value of Equity | SEC | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board | TDR | Troubled Debt Restructuring

Table of Contents
Item 1. Financial Statements.
MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 57,154 |  |  | $ | 65,078 |
Interest earning deposits in banks | 80,924 |  |  | 17,409 |
Federal funds sold | 7,691 |  |  | 172 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 145,769 |  |  | 82,659 |
Debt securities available for sale at fair value | 1,896,894 |  |  | 1,657,381 |
Loans held for sale | 58,333 |  |  | 59,956 |
Gross loans held for investment | 3,374,076 |  |  | 3,496,790 |
Unearned income, net | (15,915) |  |  | (14,567) |
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income | 3,358,161 |  |  | 3,482,223 |
Allowance for credit losses | (50,650) |  |  | (55,500) |
Total loans held for investment, net | 3,307,511 |  |  | 3,426,723 |
Premises and equipment, net | 85,581 |  |  | 86,401 |
Goodwill | 62,477 |  |  | 62,477 |
Other intangible assets, net | 23,735 |  |  | 25,242 |
Foreclosed assets, net | 1,487 |  |  | 2,316 |
Other assets | 155,525 |  |  | 153,493 |
Total assets | $ | 5,737,312 |  |  | $ | 5,556,648 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Noninterest bearing deposits | $ | 958,526 |  |  | $ | 910,655 |
Interest bearing deposits | 3,836,037 |  |  | 3,636,394 |
Total deposits | 4,794,563 |  |  | 4,547,049 |
Short-term borrowings | 175,785 |  |  | 230,789 |
Long-term debt | 201,696 |  |  | 208,691 |
Other liabilities | 53,948 |  |  | 54,869 |
Total liabilities | 5,225,992 |  |  | 5,041,398 |
Shareholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued shares of 16,581,017 and 16,581,017; outstanding shares of 15,981,088 and 16,016,780 | 16,581 |  |  | 16,581 |
Additional paid-in capital | 299,747 |  |  | 300,137 |
Retained earnings | 206,230 |  |  | 188,191 |
Treasury stock at cost, 599,929 and 564,237 shares | (15,278) |  |  | (14,251) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 4,040 |  |  | 24,592 |
Total shareholders' equity | 511,320 |  |  | 515,250 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 5,737,312 |  |  | $ | 5,556,648 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 36,542 |  |  | $ | 42,012 |  |  |  |  |
Taxable investment securities |  | 5,093 |  |  | 3,717 |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt investment securities |  | 2,555 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 14 |  |  | 164 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income |  | 44,204 |  |  | 47,405 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 3,608 |  |  | 7,949 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings |  | 128 |  |  | 334 |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | 1,851 |  |  | 1,716 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense |  | 5,587 |  |  | 9,999 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 38,617 |  |  | 37,406 |  |  |  |  |
Credit loss (benefit) expense |  | (4,734) |  |  | 21,733 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income after credit loss (benefit) expense |  | 43,351 |  |  | 15,673 |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment services and trust activities |  | 2,836 |  |  | 2,536 |  |  |  |  |
Service charges and fees |  | 1,487 |  |  | 1,826 |  |  |  |  |
Card revenue |  | 1,536 |  |  | 1,365 |  |  |  |  |
Loan revenue |  | 4,730 |  |  | 1,123 |  |  |  |  |
Bank-owned life insurance |  | 542 |  |  | 520 |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities gains, net |  | 27 |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 666 |  |  | 2,743 |  |  |  |  |
Total noninterest income |  | 11,824 |  |  | 10,155 |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits |  | 16,917 |  |  | 16,617 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy expense of premises, net |  | 2,318 |  |  | 2,341 |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | 1,793 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  |  |  |
Legal and professional |  | 783 |  |  | 1,535 |  |  |  |  |
Data processing |  | 1,252 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  |  |  |
Marketing |  | 1,006 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles |  | 1,507 |  |  | 2,028 |  |  |  |  |
FDIC insurance |  | 512 |  |  | 448 |  |  |  |  |
Communications |  | 409 |  |  | 457 |  |  |  |  |
Foreclosed assets, net |  | 47 |  |  | 138 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 1,156 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  |  |  |
Total noninterest expense |  | 27,700 |  |  | 30,001 |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before income tax expense |  | 27,475 |  |  | (4,173) |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 5,827 |  |  | (2,198) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |  |  |  |  |
Per common share information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) - basic |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) - diluted |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid |  | $ | 0.2250 |  |  | $ | 0.2200 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (loss) gain from debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net holding (loss) gain on debt securities available for sale arising during the period |  | (27,784) |  |  | 4,325 |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income |  | (27) |  |  | (42) |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit (expense) |  | 7,259 |  |  | (1,118) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net (loss) gain on debt securities available for sale, net of reclassification adjustment |  | (20,552) |  |  | 3,165 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss from cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net holding loss in cash flow hedging instruments arising during the period |  | — |  |  | (888) |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for net gain in cash flow hedging instruments included in income |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  | — |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net losses on cash flow hedge instruments, net of reclassification adjustment |  | — |  |  | (660) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax |  | (20,552) |  |  | 2,505 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | 530 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | Par Value |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 16,581 |  |  | $ | 297,390 |  |  | $ | 201,105 |  |  | $ | (10,466) |  |  | $ | 4,372 |  |  | $ | 508,982 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,362) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,362) |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,975) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,975) |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,505 |  |  | 2,505 |
Acquisition fair value finalization(2) |  | — |  |  | 2,355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,355 |
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (22,946 shares) |  | — |  |  | (679) |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |  |  | — |  |  | (127) |
Repurchase of common stock (95,340 shares) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,604) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,604) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.2200 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,556) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,556) |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 16,581 |  |  | $ | 299,412 |  |  | $ | 190,212 |  |  | $ | (12,518) |  |  | $ | 6,877 |  |  | $ | 500,564 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 16,581 |  |  | $ | 300,137 |  |  | $ | 188,191 |  |  | $ | (14,251) |  |  | $ | 24,592 |  |  | $ | 515,250 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,648 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,648 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,552) |  |  | (20,552) |
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (26,896 shares, net) |  | — |  |  | (774) |  |  | (11) |  |  | 672 |  |  | — |  |  | (113) |
Repurchase of common stock (62,588 shares) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,699) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,699) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 384 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 384 |
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.2250 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,598) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,598) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 16,581 |  |  | $ | 299,747 |  |  | $ | 206,230 |  |  | $ | (15,278) |  |  | $ | 4,040 |  |  | $ | 511,320 |

(1) Reclassification pursuant to adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
(2) Relates to the finalization of the purchase accounting adjustments for the ATBancorp acquisition. This purchase accounting adjustment had a $2.06 million impact on goodwill, $296 thousand impact on deferred income taxes, with the offsetting impact being to additional paid-in capital.
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MIDWEST ONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Credit loss (benefit) expense | (4,734) |  |  | 21,733 |
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | (342) |  |  | 1,456 |
Net loss on sale of premises and equipment | — |  |  | 5 |
Share-based compensation | 384 |  |  | 346 |
Net gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale | — |  |  | (42) |
Net gain on sale of foreclosed assets, net | (146) |  |  | (37) |
Writedown of foreclosed assets | 145 |  |  | 131 |
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale | (3,089) |  |  | (810) |
Origination of loans held for sale | (82,898) |  |  | (50,305) |
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale | 87,610 |  |  | 47,032 |
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance | (541) |  |  | (521) |
Decrease (increase) in deferred income taxes, net | 810 |  |  | (3,655) |
Change in: |  |  |
Other assets | 4,871 |  |  | (5,316) |
Other liabilities | (8,666) |  |  | 13,367 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 15,052 |  |  | $ | 21,409 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,140 |
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities available for sale | 108,976 |  |  | 28,426 |
Purchases of debt securities available for sale | (369,754) |  |  | (142,632) |
Net decrease in loans held for investment | 128,164 |  |  | 27,819 |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (349) |  |  | (403) |
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets | 1,010 |  |  | 2,151 |
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment | — |  |  | 2 |
Net cash (used in) investing activities | $ | (131,953) |  |  | $ | (62,497) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in: |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 247,469 |  |  | $ | 131,094 |
Short-term borrowings | (55,004) |  |  | (9,860) |
Payments of subordinated debt issuance costs | (9) |  |  | — |
Payments on finance lease liability | (35) |  |  | (31) |
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings | (7,000) |  |  | (20,000) |
Payments of other long-term debt | — |  |  | (1,767) |
Taxes paid relating to the release/lapse of restriction on RSUs | (113) |  |  | (127) |
Dividends paid | (3,598) |  |  | (3,556) |
Repurchase of common stock | (1,699) |  |  | (2,604) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 180,011 |  |  | $ | 93,149 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 63,110 |  |  | $ | 52,061 |
Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |
Beginning of Period | 82,659 |  |  | 73,484 |
Ending balance | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | 125,545 |

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(unaudited) (dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for interest | $ | 6,835 |  |  | $ | 9,993 |
Cash paid during the period for income taxes | — |  |  | — |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets, net | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 493 |
Investment securities purchased but not settled | 7,945 |  |  | 7,267 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
MidWest One Financial Group, Inc., an Iowa corporation formed in 1983, is a bank holding company under the BHCA and a financial holding company under the GLBA. Our principal executive offices are located at 102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.
The Company owns all of the outstanding common stock of MidWest One Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank chartered in 1934 with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa. We operate primarily through MidWest One Bank, our bank subsidiary.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual consolidated financial statements are omitted. In the opinion of management, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated and adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals and considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods, have been included. The current period's results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021.
Risks and Uncertainties
The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and could impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic, indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates. While there has been no material impact to the Company’s employees to date, COVID-19 could also potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.
Congress, the President, and the FRB have taken several actions designed to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic. The CARES Act was signed into law in March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. In addition to the general impact of COVID-19, certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations. On December 27, 2020, a new COVID-19 relief bill was signed into law by President Trump, which includes as part of the bill up to $284.5 billion of a second wave of PPP funding. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into law on March 11, 2021 by President Biden as a $1.9 trillion legislative package, which includes as part of the bill a variety of economic assistance programs for Americans. In addition, on March 30, 2021, President Biden signed into law the PPP Extension Act of 2021, which provided an extension to May 31, 2021 for qualifying businesses to apply for a PPP loan and provided an additional 30 days for the SBA to process pending PPP loan applications.
The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates further or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-19, and related measures to curtail its spread or to provide economic assistance to entities and individuals or otherwise stimulate the economy, will have on the Company’s operations, the Company discloses in this report potentially material items of which it is aware at the time this report is filed with the SEC.
Financial position and results of operations
The Company’s interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In accordance with CARES Act provisions and regulatory guidance, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such
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an impact, but recognizes that the breadth of the economic impact of COVID-19 may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.
Capital and liquidity
While the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. The Company relies on cash on hand as well as dividends from its subsidiary bank to service its debt. If the Company’s capital deteriorates such that its subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to it for an extended period of time, the Company may not be able to service its debt. If an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company’s deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.
Asset valuation
Currently, the Company does not expect COVID-19 to affect its ability to account timely for the assets on its balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, the Company does not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with GAAP.
It is possible that the lingering effects of COVID-19 could cause the occurrence of what management would deem to be subsequent triggering events that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform a goodwill or intangible asset impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its goodwill or intangible assets is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital, cash flows or liquidity position.
Credit
The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. The Company has offered and continues to offer short-term assistance in accordance with regulatory guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situations and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required ACL and record additional credit loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen in future periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect: (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2021, or for any other period.
All significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the quarterly financial statements are disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021.
Segment Reporting
The Company’s activities are considered to be one reportable segment. The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, and trust and investment services, with operations throughout Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, western Wisconsin, Naples and Fort Myers, Florida, and Denver, Colorado. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of commercial, mortgage and retail lending activities, and investments.
2. Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards
Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at March 31, 2021
On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (ASC 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASC 848 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. Entities may apply the provision as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-04.
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3. Debt Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities AFS, with gross unrealized gains and losses, were as follows:

| As of March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Loss related to Debt Securities |  | Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 340 |
State and political subdivisions | 672,120 |  |  | 9,510 |  |  | 7,707 |  |  | — |  |  | 673,923 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 78,512 |  |  | 1,237 |  |  | 744 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,005 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 717,112 |  |  | 4,546 |  |  | 5,677 |  |  | — |  |  | 715,981 |
Corporate debt securities | 423,348 |  |  | 7,995 |  |  | 3,698 |  |  | — |  |  | 427,645 |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,891,427 |  |  | $ | 23,293 |  |  | $ | 17,826 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,896,894 |

| As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Loss related to Debt Securities |  | Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 361 |
State and political subdivisions | 611,666 |  |  | 17,163 |  |  | 483 |  |  | — |  |  | 628,346 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 92,261 |  |  | 1,758 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,018 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 559,718 |  |  | 6,332 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 565,836 |
Corporate debt securities | 360,103 |  |  | 9,333 |  |  | 616 |  |  | — |  |  | 368,820 |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,624,103 |  |  | $ | 34,592 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,657,381 |

Investment securities with a fair value of $516.1 million and $434.7 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes, as required or permitted by law.
The following table presents debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at March 31, 2021, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous loss position:

|  |  | As of March 31, 2021
| Number of Securities |  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
Available for Sale |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and political subdivisions | 145 |  |  | $ | 274,770 |  |  | $ | 7,413 |  |  | $ | 9,468 |  |  | $ | 294 |  |  | $ | 284,238 |  |  | $ | 7,707 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 8 |  |  | 20,218 |  |  | 743 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20,328 |  |  | 744 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 22 |  |  | 392,272 |  |  | 5,677 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 392,272 |  |  | 5,677 |
Corporate debt securities | 28 |  |  | 143,592 |  |  | 3,543 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 144,342 |  |  | 3,698 |
Total | 203 |  |  | $ | 830,852 |  |  | $ | 17,376 |  |  | $ | 10,328 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 841,180 |  |  | $ | 17,826 |

As of March 31, 2021, 145 state and political subdivisions securities with total unrealized losses of $7.7 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities through a process that included consideration of credit agency ratings and payment history. In addition, management may evaluate securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities and the most recent financial information available. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.
As of March 31, 2021, 8 mortgage-backed securities and 22 collateralized mortgage obligations with unrealized losses totaling $6.4 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated the payment history of these securities. In addition, management considered the implied U.S. government guarantee of these agency securities and the level of credit enhancement for non-agency securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.
As of March 31, 2021, 28 corporate debt securities with total unrealized losses of $3.7 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities by considering credit agency ratings and payment history. In addition, management may evaluate securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities and the most recent financial information available. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.
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Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities, which is recorded within 'Other Assets,' totaled $7.8 million at March 31, 2021 and $7.3 million at December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
The following table presents debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at December 31, 2020, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous loss position:

|  |  | As of December 31, 2020
Available for Sale | Number of Securities |  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and political subdivisions | 27 |  |  | $ | 31,489 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 4,065 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 35,554 |  |  | $ | 483 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 7 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | 1 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 8 |  |  | 133,032 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133,032 |  |  | 214 |
Corporate debt securities | 15 |  |  | 35,995 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 3,311 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 39,306 |  |  | 616 |
Total | 57 |  |  | $ | 200,831 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 7,376 |  |  | $ | 419 |  |  | $ | 208,207 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |

Proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on debt securities available for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,140 |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized gains from sales of debt securities available for sale | — |  |  | 155 |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale | — |  |  | (113) |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gain from sales of debt securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  |  |  |

The contractual maturity distribution of investment debt securities at March 31, 2021, is shown below. Expected maturities of MBS and CMO may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary.

| Available For Sale
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 35,751 |  |  | $ | 36,169 |
Due after one year through five years | 304,392 |  |  | 310,792 |
Due after five years through ten years | 418,530 |  |  | 416,063 |
Due after ten years | 337,130 |  |  | 338,884 |
| $ | 1,095,803 |  |  | $ | 1,101,908 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 78,512 |  |  | 79,005 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 717,112 |  |  | 715,981 |
Total | $ | 1,891,427 |  |  | $ | 1,896,894 |

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4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses
The composition of loans by class of receivable was as follows:

| As of
(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Agricultural | $ | 117,099 |  |  | $ | 116,392 |
Commercial and industrial | 993,770 |  |  | 1,055,488
Commercial real estate: |  |  |
Construction & development | 164,927 |  |  | 181,291
Farmland | 138,199 |  |  | 144,970
Multifamily | 261,806 |  |  | 256,525
Commercial real estate-other | 1,128,660 |  |  | 1,149,575
Total commercial real estate | 1,693,592 |  |  | 1,732,361
Residential real estate: |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens | 337,408 |  |  | 355,684
One- to four- family junior liens | 137,025 |  |  | 143,422
Total residential real estate | 474,433 |  |  | 499,106
Consumer | 79,267 |  |  | 78,876
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income | 3,358,161 |  |  | 3,482,223
Allowance for credit losses | (50,650) |  |  | (55,500) |
Total loans held for investment, net | $ | 3,307,511 |  |  | $ | 3,426,723 |

Loans with unpaid principal in the amount of $835.8 million and $830.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB as collateral for borrowings.
Non-accrual and Delinquent Status
Loans are placed on non-accrual when (1) payment in full of principal and interest is no longer expected or (2) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection. All loans rated doubtful or worse, and certain loans rated substandard, are placed on non-accrual.
A non-accrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when (1) all past due principal and interest has been paid (excluding renewals and modifications that involve the capitalizing of interest) or (2) the loan becomes well secured with marketable collateral and is in the process of collection. An established track record of performance is also considered when determining accrual status.
Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment.
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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans based on delinquency status:

|  |  | Age Analysis of Past-Due Financial Assets |  |  |  | 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
(in thousands) | Current |  | 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  | 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Total |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 115,252 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 117,099 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 989,633 |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | 993,770 |  |  | 6 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development | 163,630 |  |  | 693 |  |  | — |  |  | 604 |  |  | 164,927 |  |  | — |
Farmland | 132,004 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 5,442 |  |  | 138,199 |  |  | — |
Multifamily | 259,564 |  |  | 2,242 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 261,806 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate-other | 1,112,419 |  |  | 785 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,456 |  |  | 1,128,660 |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate | 1,667,617 |  |  | 4,309 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 21,502 |  |  | 1,693,592 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens | 334,061 |  |  | 2,337 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 337,408 |  |  | 468 |
One- to four- family junior liens | 136,804 |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 161 |  |  | 137,025 |  |  | 34 |
Total residential real estate | 470,865 |  |  | 2,397 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | 474,433 |  |  | 502 |
Consumer | 79,134 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 79,267 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,322,501 |  |  | $ | 8,355 |  |  | $ | 541 |  |  | $ | 26,764 |  |  | $ | 3,358,161 |  |  | $ | 508 |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 115,284 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 1,055 |  |  | $ | 116,392 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1,051,727 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 2,951 |  |  | 1,055,488 |  |  | 106 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development | 180,059 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 181,291 |  |  | — |
Farmland | 138,798 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 5,622 |  |  | 144,970 |  |  | — |
Multifamily | 256,525 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 256,525 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate-other | 1,132,015 |  |  | 11,514 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 5,728 |  |  | 1,149,575 |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate | 1,707,397 |  |  | 12,326 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 11,954 |  |  | 1,732,361 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens | 351,370 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 1,686 |  |  | 355,684 |  |  | 625 |
One- to four- family junior liens | 142,663 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 143,422 |  |  | — |
Total residential real estate | 494,033 |  |  | 2,439 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 1,834 |  |  | 499,106 |  |  | 625 |
Consumer | 78,747 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 78,876 |  |  | 8 |
Total | $ | 3,447,188 |  |  | $ | 15,293 |  |  | $ | 1,901 |  |  | $ | 17,841 |  |  | $ | 3,482,223 |  |  | $ | 739 |

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| Nonaccrual |  | Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing |  |  |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 2,220 |  |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 6,494 |  |  | 7,326 |  |  | 3,401 |  |  | 4,349 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 106 |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development | 619 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | 596 |  |  | 900 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Farmland | 10,458 |  |  | 8,319 |  |  | 8,834 |  |  | 7,266 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Multifamily | 1,096 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate-other | 19,695 |  |  | 19,134 |  |  | 2,933 |  |  | 2,497 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Total commercial real estate | 31,868 |  |  | 29,344 |  |  | 12,400 |  |  | 10,702 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens | 1,863 |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 625 |  |  |  |
One- to four- family junior liens | 747 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Total residential real estate | 2,610 |  |  | 2,617 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 625 |  |  |  |
Consumer | 78 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 43,874 |  |  | $ | 41,950 |  |  | $ | 18,388 |  |  | $ | 16,739 |  |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 739 |  |  |  |

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The interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the three months ended March 31, 2020 is $236 thousand and $272 thousand, respectively.
Credit Quality Information
The Company aggregates loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogenous loans, such as agricultural, commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate loans. Loans not meeting the criteria described below that are analyzed individually are considered to be pass-rated. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Special Mention/Watch - A special mention/watch asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention/watch assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Homogenous loans, including residential real estate and consumer loans, are not individually risk rated. Instead, these loans are categorized based on performance: performing and nonperforming. Nonperforming loans include those loans on nonaccrual and loans greater than 90 days past due and on accrual.
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The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of loans by class of receivable by credit quality indicator and vintage based on the most recent analysis performed, as of March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, there were no 'loss' rated credits.

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
March 31, 2021 (in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  |  |  | Total
Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 21,063 |  |  | $ | 13,560 |  |  | $ | 6,123 |  |  | $ | 2,169 |  |  | $ | 1,796 |  |  | $ | 2,501 |  |  | $ | 51,726 |  |  |  |  | $ | 98,938 |
Special mention / watch | 1,485 |  |  | 3,259 |  |  | 1,066 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 4,680 |  |  |  |  | 11,985 |
Substandard | 1,824 |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  |  |  | 6,174 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 24,372 |  |  | $ | 18,620 |  |  | $ | 7,700 |  |  | $ | 2,483 |  |  | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 4,155 |  |  | $ | 57,709 |  |  |  |  | $ | 117,099 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 137,814 |  |  | $ | 393,679 |  |  | $ | 91,939 |  |  | $ | 47,502 |  |  | $ | 59,720 |  |  | $ | 127,324 |  |  | $ | 108,875 |  |  |  |  | $ | 966,853 |
Special mention / watch | 2,029 |  |  | 2,821 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 2,233 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 4,865 |  |  |  |  | 13,120 |
Substandard | 1,092 |  |  | 3,440 |  |  | 1,378 |  |  | 861 |  |  | 464 |  |  | 3,688 |  |  | 2,869 |  |  |  |  | 13,792 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Total | $ | 140,935 |  |  | $ | 399,940 |  |  | $ | 93,818 |  |  | $ | 48,775 |  |  | $ | 62,418 |  |  | $ | 131,274 |  |  | $ | 116,610 |  |  |  |  | $ | 993,770 |
CRE - Construction and development |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 13,493 |  |  | $ | 84,966 |  |  | $ | 23,974 |  |  | $ | 10,652 |  |  | $ | 1,994 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | 25,120 |  |  |  |  | $ | 161,543 |
Special mention / watch | — |  |  | 835 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 537 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,674 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 589 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,710 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 13,493 |  |  | $ | 86,390 |  |  | $ | 25,365 |  |  | $ | 11,189 |  |  | $ | 1,994 |  |  | $ | 1,376 |  |  | $ | 25,120 |  |  |  |  | $ | 164,927 |
CRE - Farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 11,922 |  |  | $ | 45,736 |  |  | $ | 21,226 |  |  | $ | 6,170 |  |  | $ | 7,527 |  |  | $ | 16,130 |  |  | $ | 1,499 |  |  |  |  | $ | 110,210 |
Special mention / watch | 2,113 |  |  | 5,349 |  |  | 4,582 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 656 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 148 |  |  |  |  | 14,123 |
Substandard | 92 |  |  | 3,510 |  |  | 2,451 |  |  | 3,695 |  |  | 1,727 |  |  | 2,364 |  |  | 27 |  |  |  |  | 13,866 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 14,127 |  |  | $ | 54,595 |  |  | $ | 28,259 |  |  | $ | 10,904 |  |  | $ | 9,910 |  |  | $ | 18,730 |  |  | $ | 1,674 |  |  |  |  | $ | 138,199 |
CRE - Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 41,991 |  |  | $ | 151,623 |  |  | $ | 18,241 |  |  | $ | 3,888 |  |  | $ | 8,644 |  |  | $ | 23,693 |  |  | $ | 10,886 |  |  |  |  | $ | 258,966 |
Special mention / watch | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 395 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,349 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,445 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 41,991 |  |  | $ | 153,063 |  |  | $ | 18,241 |  |  | $ | 3,888 |  |  | $ | 8,644 |  |  | $ | 25,093 |  |  | $ | 10,886 |  |  |  |  | $ | 261,806 |
CRE - other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 83,195 |  |  | $ | 486,080 |  |  | $ | 120,039 |  |  | $ | 46,016 |  |  | $ | 74,286 |  |  | $ | 115,050 |  |  | $ | 41,042 |  |  |  |  | $ | 965,708 |
Special mention / watch | 5,116 |  |  | 53,445 |  |  | 6,732 |  |  | 12,761 |  |  | 5,883 |  |  | 4,536 |  |  | 282 |  |  |  |  | 88,755 |
Substandard | 2,173 |  |  | 44,265 |  |  | 12,752 |  |  | 6,231 |  |  | 1,214 |  |  | 7,453 |  |  | 109 |  |  |  |  | 74,197 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 90,484 |  |  | $ | 583,790 |  |  | $ | 139,523 |  |  | $ | 65,008 |  |  | $ | 81,383 |  |  | $ | 127,039 |  |  | $ | 41,433 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,128,660 |
RRE - One- to four- family first liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 28,149 |  |  | $ | 100,073 |  |  | $ | 39,401 |  |  | $ | 37,074 |  |  | $ | 27,824 |  |  | $ | 95,272 |  |  | $ | 7,284 |  |  |  |  | $ | 335,077 |
Nonperforming | 499 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,331 |
Total | $ | 28,648 |  |  | $ | 100,291 |  |  | $ | 39,402 |  |  | $ | 37,411 |  |  | $ | 28,050 |  |  | $ | 96,322 |  |  | $ | 7,284 |  |  |  |  | $ | 337,408 |
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 11,828 |  |  | $ | 17,822 |  |  | $ | 6,613 |  |  | $ | 10,069 |  |  | $ | 5,641 |  |  | $ | 7,683 |  |  | $ | 76,588 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,244 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 151 |  |  |  |  | 781 |
Total | $ | 11,828 |  |  | $ | 17,854 |  |  | $ | 6,756 |  |  | $ | 10,278 |  |  | $ | 5,657 |  |  | $ | 7,913 |  |  | $ | 76,739 |  |  |  |  | $ | 137,025 |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 12,390 |  |  | $ | 26,540 |  |  | $ | 11,168 |  |  | $ | 9,026 |  |  | $ | 4,108 |  |  | $ | 5,707 |  |  | $ | 10,250 |  |  |  |  | $ | 79,189 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 78 |
Total | $ | 12,390 |  |  | $ | 26,546 |  |  | $ | 11,187 |  |  | $ | 9,037 |  |  | $ | 4,116 |  |  | $ | 5,741 |  |  | $ | 10,250 |  |  |  |  | $ | 79,267 |

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| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  |  |  | Total
Total by Credit Quality Indicator Category |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 309,478 |  |  | $ | 1,175,644 |  |  | $ | 281,542 |  |  | $ | 116,397 |  |  | $ | 153,967 |  |  | $ | 286,042 |  |  | $ | 239,148 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,562,218 |
Special mention / watch | 10,743 |  |  | 66,053 |  |  | 13,175 |  |  | 14,824 |  |  | 8,866 |  |  | 6,416 |  |  | 9,975 |  |  |  |  | 130,052 |
Substandard | 5,181 |  |  | 54,700 |  |  | 18,189 |  |  | 11,026 |  |  | 3,575 |  |  | 15,205 |  |  | 4,308 |  |  |  |  | 112,184 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 7 |
Performing | 52,367 |  |  | 144,435 |  |  | 57,182 |  |  | 56,169 |  |  | 37,573 |  |  | 108,662 |  |  | 94,122 |  |  |  |  | 550,510 |
Nonperforming | 499 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 1,314 |  |  | 151 |  |  |  |  | 3,190 |
Total | $ | 378,268 |  |  | $ | 1,441,089 |  |  | $ | 370,251 |  |  | $ | 198,973 |  |  | $ | 204,232 |  |  | $ | 417,643 |  |  | $ | 347,705 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,358,161 |

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Table of Contents
The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of loans by class of receivable by credit quality indicator and vintage based on the most recent analysis performed, as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, there were no 'loss' rated credits.

| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
December 31, 2020 (in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  |  |  | Total
Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 17,836 |  |  | $ | 6,959 |  |  | $ | 2,764 |  |  | $ | 2,145 |  |  | $ | 1,386 |  |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | 60,802 |  |  |  |  | $ | 93,725 |
Special mention / watch | 4,892 |  |  | 1,083 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 1,103 |  |  | 7,210 |  |  |  |  | 15,066 |
Substandard | 4,075 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 2,086 |  |  |  |  | 7,599 |
Doubtful | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 26,804 |  |  | $ | 8,692 |  |  | $ | 3,139 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |  |  | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 3,163 |  |  | $ | 70,098 |  |  |  |  | $ | 116,392 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 546,171 |  |  | $ | 105,523 |  |  | $ | 57,055 |  |  | $ | 61,753 |  |  | $ | 38,695 |  |  | $ | 92,526 |  |  | $ | 120,498 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,022,221 |
Special mention / watch | 3,410 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 2,261 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 4,796 |  |  |  |  | 12,259 |
Substandard | 5,014 |  |  | 1,539 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 656 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 3,261 |  |  | 9,144 |  |  |  |  | 21,003 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Total | $ | 554,595 |  |  | $ | 107,634 |  |  | $ | 58,480 |  |  | $ | 64,671 |  |  | $ | 39,767 |  |  | $ | 95,902 |  |  | $ | 134,439 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,055,488 |
CRE - Construction and development |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 109,885 |  |  | $ | 25,972 |  |  | $ | 14,994 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  | $ | 679 |  |  | $ | 876 |  |  | $ | 22,519 |  |  |  |  | $ | 177,621 |
Special mention / watch | 843 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 542 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,695 |
Substandard | 597 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,975 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 111,325 |  |  | $ | 27,402 |  |  | $ | 15,756 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 22,519 |  |  |  |  | $ | 181,291 |
CRE - Farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 48,378 |  |  | $ | 25,022 |  |  | $ | 9,577 |  |  | $ | 10,490 |  |  | $ | 8,378 |  |  | $ | 13,003 |  |  | $ | 1,263 |  |  |  |  | $ | 116,111 |
Special mention / watch | 8,088 |  |  | 4,583 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 660 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 237 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 14,864 |
Substandard | 3,924 |  |  | 2,627 |  |  | 4,386 |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  | 13,995 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 60,390 |  |  | $ | 32,232 |  |  | $ | 14,898 |  |  | $ | 12,878 |  |  | $ | 8,905 |  |  | $ | 14,368 |  |  | $ | 1,299 |  |  |  |  | $ | 144,970 |
CRE - Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 164,817 |  |  | $ | 18,992 |  |  | $ | 17,805 |  |  | $ | 10,706 |  |  | $ | 10,201 |  |  | $ | 19,581 |  |  | $ | 11,558 |  |  |  |  | $ | 253,660 |
Special mention / watch | 345 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 404 |
Substandard | 1,099 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,461 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 166,261 |  |  | $ | 18,992 |  |  | $ | 17,805 |  |  | $ | 10,706 |  |  | $ | 11,622 |  |  | $ | 19,581 |  |  | $ | 11,558 |  |  |  |  | $ | 256,525 |
CRE - other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 487,771 |  |  | $ | 129,388 |  |  | $ | 60,957 |  |  | $ | 83,393 |  |  | $ | 66,369 |  |  | $ | 91,698 |  |  | $ | 45,129 |  |  |  |  | $ | 964,705 |
Special mention / watch | 71,141 |  |  | 14,870 |  |  | 12,415 |  |  | 5,953 |  |  | 3,756 |  |  | 4,335 |  |  | 455 |  |  |  |  | 112,925 |
Substandard | 48,690 |  |  | 7,162 |  |  | 6,370 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 6,997 |  |  | 925 |  |  |  |  | 71,945 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 607,602 |  |  | $ | 151,420 |  |  | $ | 79,742 |  |  | $ | 90,568 |  |  | $ | 70,704 |  |  | $ | 103,030 |  |  | $ | 46,509 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,149,575 |
RRE - One- to four- family first liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 117,923 |  |  | $ | 46,581 |  |  | $ | 42,875 |  |  | $ | 30,628 |  |  | $ | 37,407 |  |  | $ | 68,501 |  |  | $ | 9,249 |  |  |  |  | $ | 353,164 |
Nonperforming | 239 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 596 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 1,233 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,520 |
Total | $ | 118,162 |  |  | $ | 46,582 |  |  | $ | 43,471 |  |  | $ | 30,931 |  |  | $ | 37,555 |  |  | $ | 69,734 |  |  | $ | 9,249 |  |  |  |  | $ | 355,684 |
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 19,818 |  |  | $ | 7,973 |  |  | $ | 12,140 |  |  | $ | 6,152 |  |  | $ | 3,467 |  |  | $ | 5,354 |  |  | $ | 87,795 |  |  |  |  | $ | 142,699 |
Nonperforming | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 170 |  |  |  |  | 723 |
Total | $ | 19,825 |  |  | $ | 7,973 |  |  | $ | 12,363 |  |  | $ | 6,169 |  |  | $ | 3,583 |  |  | $ | 5,544 |  |  | $ | 87,965 |  |  |  |  | $ | 143,422 |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 30,755 |  |  | $ | 13,662 |  |  | $ | 10,341 |  |  | $ | 4,960 |  |  | $ | 2,656 |  |  | $ | 6,306 |  |  | $ | 10,118 |  |  |  |  | $ | 78,798 |
Nonperforming | 2 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 78 |
Total | $ | 30,757 |  |  | $ | 13,683 |  |  | $ | 10,354 |  |  | $ | 4,965 |  |  | $ | 2,669 |  |  | $ | 6,330 |  |  | $ | 10,118 |  |  |  |  | $ | 78,876 |

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| Term Loans by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  |  |  | Total
Total by Credit Quality Indicator Category |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,374,858 |  |  | $ | 311,856 |  |  | $ | 163,152 |  |  | $ | 171,183 |  |  | $ | 125,708 |  |  | $ | 219,517 |  |  | $ | 261,769 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,628,043 |
Special mention / watch | 88,719 |  |  | 21,406 |  |  | 14,506 |  |  | 8,982 |  |  | 5,349 |  |  | 5,790 |  |  | 12,461 |  |  |  |  | 157,213 |
Substandard | 63,399 |  |  | 13,110 |  |  | 12,162 |  |  | 3,789 |  |  | 2,689 |  |  | 11,638 |  |  | 12,191 |  |  |  |  | 118,978 |
Doubtful | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 7 |
Performing | 168,496 |  |  | 68,216 |  |  | 65,356 |  |  | 41,740 |  |  | 43,530 |  |  | 80,161 |  |  | 107,162 |  |  |  |  | 574,661 |
Nonperforming | 248 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 1,447 |  |  | 170 |  |  |  |  | 3,321 |
Total | $ | 1,695,721 |  |  | $ | 414,610 |  |  | $ | 256,008 |  |  | $ | 226,020 |  |  | $ | 177,553 |  |  | $ | 318,557 |  |  | $ | 393,754 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,482,223 |

Allowance for Credit Losses
At March 31, 2021, the economic forecast used by the Company showed the following: (1) Midwest unemployment – slight increase in the next forecasted quarter followed by decreases in the following three forecasted quarters; (2) Year-to-year change in national retail sales - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (3) Year-to-year change in CRE Index - decreases over the next four forecasted quarters; (4) Year-to-year change in U.S. GDP - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (5) Year-to-year change in National Home Price Index – increases over the next four forecasted quarters; and (6) Rental Vacancy - an increase over the next two forecasted quarters, followed by a decline in the third and fourth forecasted quarters. Overall, economic forecast loss driver data improved when compared to the previously disclosed fourth quarter of 2020 results.
We have made a policy election to report interest receivable as a separate line on the balance sheet. Accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within 'Other Assets', totaled $11.7 million at March 31, 2021 and $14.2 million at December 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
The changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment were as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020
(in thousands) | Agricultural |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 15,689 |  |  | $ | 32,640 |  |  | $ | 4,882 |  |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 55,500 |
Charge-offs | (41) |  |  | (666) |  |  | (66) |  |  | (35) |  |  | (195) |  |  | (1,003) |
Recoveries | 27 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 687 |
Credit loss (benefit) expense(1) | (222) |  |  | (1,671) |  |  | (2,455) |  |  | (201) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (4,534) |
Ending balance | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 13,644 |  |  | $ | 30,425 |  |  | $ | 4,655 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 50,650 |
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 3,748 |  |  | $ | 8,394 |  |  | $ | 13,804 |  |  | $ | 2,685 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 29,079 |
Day 1 transition adjustment from adoption of ASC 326 | (2,557) |  |  | 2,728 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 2,050 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 3,984 |
Charge-offs | (84) |  |  | (471) |  |  | (720) |  |  | — |  |  | (222) |  |  | (1,497) |
Recoveries | 25 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 299 |
Credit loss expense(1) | 14 |  |  | 8,445 |  |  | 8,746 |  |  | 1,683 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 19,322 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,146 |  |  | $ | 19,309 |  |  | $ | 23,138 |  |  | $ | 6,425 |  |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 51,187 |
(1) The difference in the credit loss expense reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income is associated with the credit loss (benefit) expense of $(0.2) million and $2.4 million related to off-balance sheet credit exposures for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

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The composition of allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment based on evaluation method were as follows:

| As of March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Agricultural |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 2,463 |  |  | $ | 5,591 |  |  | $ | 30,949 |  |  | $ | 692 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 39,703 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 114,636 |  |  | 988,179 |  |  | 1,662,643 |  |  | 473,741 |  |  | 79,259 |  |  | 3,318,458 |
Total | $ | 117,099 |  |  | $ | 993,770 |  |  | $ | 1,693,592 |  |  | $ | 474,433 |  |  | $ | 79,267 |  |  | $ | 3,358,161 |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 2,486 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,468 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,071 |  |  | 12,871 |  |  | 27,939 |  |  | 4,485 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 47,182 |
Total | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 13,644 |  |  | $ | 30,425 |  |  | $ | 4,655 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 50,650 |

| As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Agricultural |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 2,088 |  |  | $ | 6,582 |  |  | $ | 28,235 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 37,340 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 114,304 |  |  | 1,048,906 |  |  | 1,704,126 |  |  | 498,679 |  |  | 78,868 |  |  | 3,444,883 |
Total | $ | 116,392 |  |  | $ | 1,055,488 |  |  | $ | 1,732,361 |  |  | $ | 499,106 |  |  | $ | 78,876 |  |  | $ | 3,482,223 |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 799 |  |  | $ | 2,031 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,075 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,280 |  |  | 14,890 |  |  | 30,609 |  |  | 4,703 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 52,425 |
Total | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 15,689 |  |  | $ | 32,640 |  |  | $ | 4,882 |  |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 55,500 |

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:

|  | As of March 31, 2021
(in thousands) |  | Primary Type of Collateral
|  | Real Estate |  |  |  | Equipment |  | Other |  | Total |  | ACL Allocation
Agricultural |  | $ | 963 |  |  |  |  | $ | 758 |  |  | $ | 742 |  |  | $ | 2,463 |  |  | $ | 39 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 629 |  |  |  |  | 2,366 |  |  | 2,596 |  |  | 5,591 |  |  | 773 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development |  | 595 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 595 |  |  | — |
Farmland |  | 10,132 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,132 |  |  | 123 |
Multifamily |  | 1,096 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 452 |
Commercial real estate-other |  | 19,126 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,126 |  |  | 1,911 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens |  | 483 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 483 |  |  | 132 |
One- to four- family junior liens |  | 209 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | 38 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 33,233 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,132 |  |  | $ | 3,338 |  |  | $ | 39,703 |  |  | $ | 3,468 |

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|  | As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  | Primary Type of Collateral
|  | Real Estate |  |  |  | Equipment |  | Other |  | Total |  | ACL Allocation
Agricultural |  | $ | 516 |  |  |  |  | $ | 824 |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  | $ | 2,088 |  |  | $ | 66 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 667 |  |  |  |  | 3,037 |  |  | 2,878 |  |  | 6,582 |  |  | 799 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development |  | 899 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | — |
Farmland |  | 7,850 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,850 |  |  | 88 |
Multifamily |  | 746 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 746 |  |  | 202 |
Commercial real estate-other |  | 18,740 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,740 |  |  | 1,741 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens |  | 204 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |  |  | 132 |
One- to four- family junior liens |  | 223 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |  |  | 47 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 29,845 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,869 |  |  | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | 37,340 |  |  | $ | 3,075 |

Troubled Debt Restructurings
TDRs totaled $9.9 million and $11.0 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $7 thousand of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans classified as TDR.
The following table sets forth information on the Company's TDRs by class of financing receivable occurring during the stated periods. TDRs include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications in the table are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| Number of Contracts |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CONCESSION - Extended maturity date |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 242 |
Commercial real estate-other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 485 |
One- to four- family first liens | 1 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
CONCESSION - Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate-other | 1 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
One- to four- family first liens | 1 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 3 |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | 727 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, the Company had zero TDRs that redefaulted within 12 months subsequent to restructure.
Modifications in response to COVID-19:
The Company began offering short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, as extended by the Consolidated Appropriation Acts, 2021, along with a joint interagency statement issued by the federal banking agencies provide that short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 do not need to be accounted for as a TDR. Accordingly, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs. The Company's loan modifications allow for the initial deferral of three months of principal and/or interest. The deferred interest is due and payable at the end of the deferral period and the deferred principal is due and payable on the maturity date. At March 31, 2021, the outstanding balance of loans modified as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic totaled $16.7 million. The program is ongoing and additional loans continue to be granted deferrals.
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5. Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Balance Sheet Offsetting
The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives as of the dates indicated. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of master netting agreements, as included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.
The fair values of the Company's derivative instrument assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:

|  | As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
|  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 25,373 |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 1,329 |  |  | $ | 25,559 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |
Total |  | $ | 25,373 |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 1,329 |  |  | $ | 25,559 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |
Not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 346,944 |  |  | $ | 6,346 |  |  | $ | 6,361 |  |  | $ | 347,380 |  |  | $ | 10,758 |  |  | $ | 10,807 |
RPAs - protection sold |  | 4,412 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,471 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
RPAs - protection purchased |  | 9,778 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9,825 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Total |  | $ | 361,134 |  |  | $ | 6,347 |  |  | $ | 6,365 |  |  | $ | 361,676 |  |  | $ | 10,762 |  |  | $ | 10,815 |

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk. Certain hedging relationships are formally designated and qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP as fair value or cash flow hedges.
Fair Value Hedges - Derivatives are designated as fair value hedges to limit the Company's exposure to changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities due to movements in interest rates. The Company entered into pay-fixed receive-floating interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value in certain fixed-rate assets. The gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.
Cash Flow Hedges - Derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges in order to minimize the variability in cash flows of earning assets or forecasted transactions caused by movement in interest rates. In February 2020, the Company entered into a pay-fixed receive-variable interest rate swap with a notional amount of $30.0 million to hedge against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on the Company's variable rate debt. The interest rate swap was designated as a cash flow hedge. The gain or loss on the derivative was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company terminated its cash flow hedge in the fourth quarter of 2020.
The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | (888) |  |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |

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The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

| Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Interest Income |  | Other Income |  | Interest Income |  | Other Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded | $ | (108) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items | (1,633) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative designated as hedging instruments | 1,123 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,761) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income statement effect of cash flow hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount reclassified from AOCI into income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2021, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Line Item in the Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included |  | Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset
(in thousands) |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 26,173 |  |  | $ | 786 |

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest Rate Swaps - The Company has also entered into interest rate swap contracts. The derivative contracts related to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer, while simultaneously entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with an institutional counterparty.
Credit Risk Participation Agreements - The Company enters into RPAs to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with a syndicated loan. The Company may enter into protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties to decrease or increase its exposure to a borrower. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company manages its credit risk on RPAs by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers and institutional counterparties, which is based on the normal credit review process. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument.
The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the consolidated statements of income related to the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated:

|  | Location in the Consolidated Statements of Income |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in thousands) |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | Other income |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  |  |  |
RPAs |  | Other income |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | 244 |  |  |  |  |

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Offsetting of Derivatives
The Company has entered into agreements with certain counterparty financial institutions, which include master netting agreements. However, the Company has elected to account for all derivatives with counterparty institutions on a gross basis. The Company manages the risk of default by its borrower counterparties through its normal loan underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures.
The table below presents gross derivatives and the respective collateral received or pledged in the form of other financial instruments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, which are generally marketable securities and/or cash. The collateral amounts in the table below are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after netting is applied); thus instances of over-collateralization are not shown. Further, the net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.

|  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet |  |
(in thousands) | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Received (Paid) |  | Net Assets (Liabilities)
As of March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Derivatives | $ | 6,894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,894 |
Liability Derivatives | (7,694) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,694) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,140) |  |  | (5,554) |
As of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Derivatives | $ | 10,796 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,796 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,796 |
Liability Derivatives | (13,267) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,267) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,267) |  |  | — |

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has an unsecured federal funds line with its institutional derivative counterparty. The Company has an agreement with its institutional derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness.
As of March 31, 2021, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $5.0 million. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted $2.1 million of collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2021, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $5.0 million.
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill was $62.5 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net carrying amount of other intangible assets at the dates indicated:

|  | As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Core deposit intangible |  | $ | 41,745 |  |  | $ | (27,628) |  |  | $ | 14,117 |  |  | $ | 41,745 |  |  | $ | (26,440) |  |  | $ | 15,305 |
Customer relationship intangible |  | 5,265 |  |  | (2,920) |  |  | 2,345 |  |  | 5,265 |  |  | (2,630) |  |  | 2,635 |
Other |  | 2,700 |  |  | (2,467) |  |  | 233 |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | (2,438) |  |  | 262 |
|  | $ | 49,710 |  |  | $ | (33,015) |  |  | $ | 16,695 |  |  | $ | 49,710 |  |  | $ | (31,508) |  |  | $ | 18,202 |
Indefinite-lived trade name intangible |  | $ | 7,040 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,040 |  |  |  |  |

The following table provides the estimated future amortization expense for the remaining nine months ending December 31, 2021 and the succeeding annual periods:
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(in thousands) | Core Deposit Intangible |  | Customer Relationship Intangible |  | Other |  | Total
Estimated Remaining Amortization Expense for the Year Ending December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 | $ | 3,002 |  |  | $ | 772 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 3,851 |
2022 | 3,487 |  |  | 797 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 4,363 |
2023 | 2,833 |  |  | 518 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 3,402 |
2024 | 2,180 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 2,443 |
2025 | 1,526 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,547 |
Thereafter | 1,089 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,089 |
Total | $ | 14,117 |  |  | $ | 2,345 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 16,695 |

7. Other Assets
The components of the Company's other assets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Bank-owned life insurance | $ | 84,024 |  |  | $ | 83,483 |
Interest receivable | 19,749 |  |  | 21,706 |
FHLB stock | 12,170 |  |  | 13,784 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,928 |  |  | 5,137 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 3,364 |  |  | 3,613 |
Federal and state income taxes, deferred | 10,294 |  |  | 3,845 |
Derivative assets | 6,894 |  |  | 10,796 |
Other receivables/assets | 13,102 |  |  | 11,129 |
| $ | 155,525 |  |  | $ | 153,493 |

8. Deposits
The following table presents the composition of our deposits as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Noninterest bearing deposits | $ | 958,526 |  |  | $ | 910,655 |
Interest checking deposits | 1,406,070 |  |  | 1,351,641 |
Money market deposits | 950,300 |  |  | 918,654 |
Savings deposits | 580,862 |  |  | 529,751 |
Time deposits under $250 | 558,338 |  |  | 581,471 |
Time deposits of $250 or more | 340,467 |  |  | 254,877 |
Total deposits | $ | 4,794,563 |  |  | $ | 4,547,049 |

The Company had $6.2 million and $7.8 million in reciprocal time deposits through the CDARS program as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Included in interest-bearing checking and money market deposits at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $17.2 million and $14.8 million, respectively, of reciprocal deposits in the ICS program. The CDARS and ICS programs coordinate, on a reciprocal basis, a network of banks to spread deposits exceeding the FDIC insurance coverage limits out to numerous institutions in order to provide insurance coverage for all participating deposits.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had public entity deposits that were collateralized by investment securities of $244.9 million and $156.7 million, respectively.
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9. Short-Term Borrowings
The following table summarizes our short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated:

|  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Balance |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Balance
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 0.25 | % |  | $ | 175,785 |  |  | 0.28 | % |  | $ | 174,289 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 56,500 |
Total |  | 0.25 | % |  | $ | 175,785 |  |  | 0.28 | % |  | $ | 230,789 |

Securities Sold Under an Agreement to Repurchase - Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling assets to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same assets at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. All securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded on the face of the balance sheet.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances - The Bank has a secured line of credit with the FHLBDM. Advances from the FHLBDM are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Unsecured Line of Credit - The Bank has unsecured federal funds lines totaling $145.0 million from multiple correspondent banking relationships. There were no borrowings from such lines at either March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
Other - At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowings, while the financing capacity was $64.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and $67.7 million as of December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank had municipal securities with a market value of $69.9 million and $72.0 million, respectively, pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago to secure potential borrowings.
The Company has a credit agreement with a correspondent bank with a revolving commitment of $25.0 million with interest payable at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 1.75%. Fees are paid on the average daily unused revolving commitment in the amount of 0.30% per annum. The credit agreement matures on September 30, 2021. The Company had no balance outstanding under this revolving credit facility as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
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10. Long-Term Debt
Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts
The table below summarizes the terms of each issuance of junior subordinated notes outstanding as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands) |  | Face Value |  | Book Value |  | Interest Rate |  | Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Callable Date
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ATBancorp Statutory Trust I |  | $ | 7,732 |  |  | $ | 6,859 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.68% |  | 1.86 | % |  | 06/15/2036 |  | 06/15/2011
ATBancorp Statutory Trust II |  | 12,372 |  |  | 10,864 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.65% |  | 1.83 | % |  | 09/15/2037 |  | 06/15/2012
Barron Investment Capital Trust I |  | 2,062 |  |  | 1,775 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% |  | 2.35 | % |  | 09/23/2036 |  | 09/23/2011
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II |  | 7,217 |  |  | 6,845 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% |  | 3.68 | % |  | 03/15/2038 |  | 03/15/2013
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II |  | 15,464 |  |  | 15,464 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% |  | 1.77 | % |  | 12/15/2037 |  | 12/15/2012
Total |  | $ | 44,847 |  |  | $ | 41,807 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ATBancorp Statutory Trust I |  | $ | 7,732 |  |  | $ | 6,850 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.68% |  | 1.90 | % |  | 06/15/2036 |  | 06/15/2011
ATBancorp Statutory Trust II |  | 12,372 |  | 10,850 |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.65% |  | 1.87 | % |  | 09/15/2037 |  | 06/15/2012
Barron Investment Capital Trust I |  | 2,062 |  |  | 1,767 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% |  | 2.39 | % |  | 09/23/2036 |  | 09/23/2011
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II |  | 7,217 |  |  | 6,832 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% |  | 3.72 | % |  | 03/15/2038 |  | 03/15/2013
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II |  | 15,464 |  |  | 15,464 |  |  | Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% |  | 1.81 | % |  | 12/15/2037 |  | 12/15/2012
Total |  | $ | 44,847 |  |  | $ | 41,763 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the junior subordinated notes at the stated maturity date or upon redemption of the junior subordinated notes. Each trust’s ability to pay amounts due on the trust preferred securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related junior subordinated notes. The Company’s obligation under the junior subordinated notes and other relevant trust agreements, in aggregate, constitutes a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities issued by each trust. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated notes and, therefore, distributions on the trust preferred securities, for up to five years, but not beyond the stated maturity date in the table above. During any such deferral period the Company may not pay cash dividends on its stock and generally may not repurchase its stock.
Subordinated Debentures
On May 1, 2019, with the acquisition of ATBancorp, the Company assumed $10.9 million of subordinated debentures (the "ATB Debentures"). The ATB Debentures have a stated maturity of May 31, 2023, and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.50%, with interest payable semi-annually. The Company has the option to redeem the debentures, in whole or part, at any time on or after May 31, 2021. On July 28, 2020, the Company completed the private placement offering of $65.0 million of its subordinated notes, of which $63.75 million have been exchanged for subordinated notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes are due July 30, 2030.
The ATB Debentures and subordinated notes constitute Tier 2 capital under the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve applicable to the capital status of the subordinated debt of bank holding companies. The ATB Debentures and subordinated notes are phased out of Tier 2 capital by 20% of the amount of the debentures or subordinated notes in each of the five years beginning on the fifth anniversary preceding the maturity date of each debenture. At March 31, 2021, we were permitted to treat 40% of the ATB Debentures as Tier 2 capital, and all of the subordinated notes as Tier 2 capital.
Other Long-Term Debt
Long-term borrowings were as follows as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Weighted Average Rate |  | Balance |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Balance
Finance lease payable | 8.89 | % |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | 8.89 | % |  | $ | 1,096 |
FHLB borrowings | 1.90 |  |  | 84,174 |  |  | 1.92 |  |  | 91,198 |
Total | 1.99 | % |  | $ | 85,235 |  |  | 2.00 | % |  | $ | 92,294 |

The Company utilizes FHLB borrowings as a funding source to supplement customer deposits and to assist in managing interest rate risk. As a member of the FHLBDM, the Bank may borrow funds from the FHLB in amounts up to 45% of the Bank’s total
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assets, provided the Bank is able to pledge an adequate amount of qualified assets to secure the borrowings. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2021, FHLB long-term borrowings included advances from the FHLBC, which were collateralized by investment securities. See Note 3. Debt Securities of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
As of March 31, 2021, FHLB borrowings were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Amount
Due in 2021 |  | 0.76 | % |  | $ | 36,000 |
Due in 2022 |  | 2.68 | % |  | 31,000 |
Due in 2023 |  | 2.79 | % |  | 11,000 |
Due in 2024 |  | 3.15 | % |  | 6,000 |
Total |  |  |  | 84,000 |
Valuation adjustment from acquisition accounting |  |  |  | 174 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 84,174 |

11. Earnings per Share
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding | 15,990,724 |  |  | 16,141,500 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding, including all dilutive potential shares | 16,020,920 |  |  | 16,141,500 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  |

The weighted average shares that have an antidilutive effect in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share and have been excluded from the computation above were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Dilutive shares (1) | — |  |  | 18,042 |
(1) Dilutive potential shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of the reported net loss available to common shareholders.

12. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash
Regulatory Capital and Reserve Requirement - The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The capital amounts and classification also are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank was not required to maintain reserve balances in cash on hand or on deposit with Federal Reserve Banks, and therefore the total amount held in reserve for each of these periods was zero dollars.
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A comparison of the Company's and the Bank's capital with the corresponding minimum regulatory requirements in effect as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, is presented below:

| Actual |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer(1) |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands) | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
At March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital/risk weighted assets | $589,205 |  | 13.75% |  | $450,010 |  | 10.50% |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 477,086 |  | 11.13 |  | 364,294 |  | 8.50 |  | N/A |  | N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 435,279 |  | 10.16 |  | 300,006 |  | 7.00 |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets | 477,086 |  | 8.78 |  | 217,315 |  | 4.00 |  | N/A |  | N/A
MidWest One Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital/risk weighted assets | $563,501 |  | 13.19% |  | $448,555 |  | 10.50% |  | $427,195 |  | 10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 520,716 |  | 12.19 |  | 363,116 |  | 8.50 |  | 341,756 |  | 8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 520,716 |  | 12.19 |  | 299,037 |  | 7.00 |  | 277,677 |  | 6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets | 520,716 |  | 9.60 |  | 216,913 |  | 4.00 |  | 271,142 |  | 5.00
At December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital/risk weighted assets | $572,437 |  | 13.41% |  | $448,068 |  | 10.50% |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 456,526 |  | 10.70 |  | 362,722 |  | 8.50 |  | N/A |  | N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 414,763 |  | 9.72 |  | 298,712 |  | 7.00 |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets | 456,526 |  | 8.50 |  | 214,795 |  | 4.00 |  | N/A |  | N/A
MidWest One Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital/risk weighted assets | $547,558 |  | 12.89% |  | $446,113 |  | 10.50% |  | $424,870 |  | 10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 500,981 |  | 11.79 |  | 361,139 |  | 8.50 |  | 339,896 |  | 8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets | 500,981 |  | 11.79 |  | 297,409 |  | 7.00 |  | 276,165 |  | 6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets | 500,981 |  | 9.35 |  | 214,251 |  | 4.00 |  | 271,992 |  | 5.00

(1) Includes a capital conservation buffer of 2.50%.
Subordinated Notes - The Company completed a private placement of $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes on July 28, 2020. The subordinated notes are intended to qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes, and the Company is using the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes and to support its organic growth plans, including maintaining its regulatory capital ratios.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Credit-related financial instruments - The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.
The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. The following table summarizes the Bank's commitments as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | $ | 920,493 |  |  | $ | 897,274 |
Commitments to sell loans | 58,333 |  |  | 59,956 |
Standby letters of credit | 21,417 |  |  | 34,212 |
Total | $ | 1,000,243 |  |  | $ | 991,442 |

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, crops, livestock, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.
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Commitments to sell loans are agreements to sell loans held for sale to third parties at an agreed upon price.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements and, generally, have terms of one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds collateral, which may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, equipment and income-producing properties, that support those commitments, if deemed necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount shown in the summary above. If the commitment is funded, the Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer.
Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Losses - The Company records a liability for off-balance sheet credit losses through a charge to credit loss expense (or a reversal of credit loss expense) on the Company's consolidated statements of income and other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2021, the liability for off-balance-sheet credit losses totaled $3.9 million, whereas the total amount of the liability as of December 31, 2020 was $4.1 million. The total amount recorded in credit loss (benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 was $(0.2) million and $2.4 million, respectively.
Litigation - In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries have been named, from time to time, as defendants in various legal actions. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions may include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.
Concentrations of credit risk - Substantially all of the Bank’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank’s market areas. Although the loan portfolio of the Bank is diversified, approximately 60% of the loans are real estate loans, excluding farmland, and approximately 8% are agriculturally related. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses. Commitments to extend credit are primarily related to commercial loans and home equity loans. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers. Investments in securities issued by state and political subdivisions involve certain governmental entities within Iowa and Minnesota. The carrying value of investment securities of Iowa and Minnesota political subdivisions totaled 20% and 14%, respectively, as of March 31, 2021.
14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
•Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
For information regarding the valuation methodologies used to measure the Company's assets recorded at fair value (under ASC Topic 820), and for estimating fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value (under ASC Topic 825, as amended by ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03), see Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 20. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021.
The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily available for sale debt securities, derivatives and mortgage servicing rights. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period and such measurements are therefore considered "nonrecurring" for purposes of disclosing the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for collateral dependent individually analyzed loans and other real estate owned.
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Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, by level within the fair value hierarchy:

| Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2021 Using
(in thousands) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | — |
State and political subdivisions | 673,923 |  |  | — |  |  | 673,923 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 79,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,005 |  |  | — |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 715,981 |  |  | — |  |  | 715,981 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 427,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 427,645 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 6,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,894 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,928 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 7,694 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,694 |  |  | $ | — |

| Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020 Using
(in thousands) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 361 |  |  | $ | — |
State and political subdivisions | 628,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 628,346 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 94,018 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,018 |  |  | — |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 565,836 |  |  | — |  |  | 565,836 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 368,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 368,820 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 10,796 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,796 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,137 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 13,267 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,267 |  |  | $ | — |

There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 and other levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or the year ended December 31, 2020.
Changes in the fair value of available for sale debt securities are included in other comprehensive income.
Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates indicated:

| Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2021 Using
(in thousands) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans | $ | 36,235 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36,235 |
Foreclosed assets, net | 1,487 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,487 |

| Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020 Using
(in thousands) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans | $ | 34,265 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,265 |
Foreclosed assets, net | 2,316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,316 |

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The following table presents the valuation technique(s), unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of the dates indicated:

| Fair Value at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | Valuation Techniques(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range of Inputs |  | Weighted Average
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans | $ | 36,235 |  |  | $ | 34,265 |  |  | Fair value of collateral |  | Valuation adjustments |  | — | % | - | 91 | % |  | 22 | %
Foreclosed assets, net | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | 2,316 |  |  | Fair value of collateral |  | Valuation adjustments |  | 8 | % | - | 66 | % |  | 32 | %

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on these estimated fair values.
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

| March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale | 1,896,894 |  |  | 1,896,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,896,894 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 58,333 |  |  | 58,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,608 |  |  | — |
Loans held for investment, net | 3,307,511 |  |  | 3,341,347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,341,347 |
Interest receivable | 19,749 |  |  | 19,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,749 |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 12,170 |  |  | 12,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,170 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 6,894 |  |  | 6,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,894 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing deposits | 958,526 |  |  | 958,526 |  |  | 958,526 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest bearing deposits | 3,836,037 |  |  | 3,838,265 |  |  | 2,937,232 |  |  | 901,033 |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 175,785 |  |  | 175,785 |  |  | 175,785 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Finance leases payable | 1,061 |  |  | 1,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,061 |  |  | — |
FHLB borrowings | 84,174 |  |  | 85,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 85,986 |  |  | — |
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts | 41,807 |  |  | 34,066 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,066 |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures | 74,654 |  |  | 78,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,388 |  |  | — |
Derivative liabilities | 7,694 |  |  | 7,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,694 |  |  | — |

| December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 82,659 |  |  | $ | 82,659 |  |  | $ | 82,659 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale | 1,657,381 |  |  | 1,657,381 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,657,381 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 59,956 |  |  | 60,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,039 |  |  | — |
Loans held for investment, net | 3,426,723 |  |  | 3,469,515 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,469,515 |
Interest receivable | 21,706 |  |  | 21,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,706 |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 13,784 |  |  | 13,784 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,784 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 10,796 |  |  | 10,796 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,796 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing deposits | 910,655 |  |  | 910,655 |  |  | 910,655 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest bearing deposits | 3,636,394 |  |  | 3,640,365 |  |  | 2,800,046 |  |  | 840,319 |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 230,789 |  |  | 230,789 |  |  | 230,789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Finance leases payable | 1,096 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | — |
FHLB borrowings | 91,198 |  |  | 93,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 93,380 |  |  |
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts | 41,763 |  |  | 33,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,986 |  |  |
Subordinated debentures | 74,634 |  |  | 77,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 77,228 |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | 13,267 |  |  | 13,267 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,267 |  |  | — |

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15. Leases
Substantially all of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for banking offices and office space with terms extending through 2025. We do not have any subleased properties. Substantially all of our leases are classified as operating leases, with the Company only holding one existing finance lease for a banking office location with a lease term through 2025.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Classification |  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Lease Right-of-Use Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | Other assets |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  | $ | 3,613 |
Finance lease right-of-use asset |  | Premises and equipment, net |  | 518 |  |  | 542 |
Total right-of-use assets |  |  |  | $ | 3,882 |  |  | $ | 4,155 |
Lease Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liability |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | 4,316 |  |  | $ | 4,583 |
Finance lease liability |  | Long-term debt |  | 1,061 |  |  | 1,096 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 5,377 |  |  | $ | 5,679 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  |  | 8.92 years |  | 8.82 years
Finance lease |  |  |  | 5.42 years |  | 5.67 years
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  |  | 3.98 | % |  | 3.92 | %
Finance lease |  |  |  | 8.89 | % |  | 8.89 | %

The following table represents lease costs and other lease information. As the Company elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  |  |  |
Variable lease cost | 72 |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities (1) | 23 |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 24 |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |
Net lease cost | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  |  |  |
Other Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance lease | 23 |  |  | 27 |  |  |  |  |
Finance cash flows from finance lease | 35 |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  |

(1) Included in long-term debt interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. All other lease costs in this table are included in occupancy expense of premises, net.
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Future minimum payments for finance leases and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of March 31, 2021 were as follows:

(in thousands) | Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
Twelve Months Ended: |  |  |
December 31, 2021 | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 807 |
December 31, 2022 | 240 |  |  | 993 |
December 31, 2023 | 245 |  |  | 932 |
December 31, 2024 | 250 |  |  | 702 |
December 31, 2025 | 255 |  |  | 232 |
Thereafter | 171 |  |  | 1,907 |
Total undiscounted lease payment | $ | 1,338 |  |  | $ | 5,573 |
Amounts representing interest | (277) |  |  | (1,257) |
Lease liability | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | 4,316 |

16. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to March 31, 2021 and has concluded there are no other subsequent events that would require recognition in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On April 29, 2021, the board of directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.2250 per share payable on June 15, 2021 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 1, 2021.
Pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase program approved on August 20, 2019, the Company has purchased 1,890 shares of common stock subsequent to March 31, 2021 and through May 4, 2021 for a total cost of $55.5 thousand inclusive of transaction costs, leaving $2.6 million remaining available under the program.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We and our representatives may, from time to time, make written or oral statements that are “forward-looking” and provide information other than historical information. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. These factors include, among other things, the factors listed below. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “may” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Additionally, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events, except as required under federal securities law.
Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have an impact on our ability to achieve operating results, growth plan goals and future prospects include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state, or local government laws, regulations, or orders in connection with the pandemic;
•government intervention in the U.S. financial system in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the effects of recent legislative, tax, accounting and regulatory actions and reforms, including the CARES Act, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 and the American Rescue Plan Act;
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial results, including possible lost revenue and increased expenses (including the cost of capital), as well as possible goodwill impairment charges;
•credit quality deterioration or pronounced and sustained reduction in real estate market values causing an increase in the allowance for credit losses, an increase in the credit loss expense, and a reduction in net earnings;
•the effects of interest rates, including on our net income and the value of our securities portfolio;
•changes in the economic environment, competition, or other factors that may affect our ability to acquire loans or influence the anticipated growth rate of loans and deposits and the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing;
•fluctuations in the value of our investment securities;
•governmental monetary and fiscal policies;
•changes in and uncertainty related to benchmark interest rates used to price loans and deposits, including the expected elimination of LIBOR, and the adoption of a substitute;
•legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, trade, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;
•the ability to attract and retain key executives and employees experienced in banking and financial services;
•the sufficiency of the allowance for credit losses to absorb the amount of actual losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio;
•our ability to adapt successfully to technological changes to compete effectively in the marketplace;
•credit risks and risks from concentrations (by geographic area and by industry) within our loan portfolio;
•the effects of competition from other commercial banks and other financial institutions operating in our markets or elsewhere or providing similar services;
•the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for credit losses and estimation of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;
•the risks of mergers, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;
•volatility of rate-sensitive deposits;
•operational risks, including data processing system failures or fraud;
•asset/liability matching risks and liquidity risks;
•the costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation;
•changes in general economic, political, or industry conditions, nationally, internationally or in the communities in which we conduct business;
•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB;
•war or terrorist activities, widespread disease or pandemic, or other adverse external events, which may cause deterioration in the economy or cause instability in credit markets;
•the effects of cyber-attacks;
•the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international governmental policies impacting the value of the agricultural or other products of our borrowers; and
•other factors and risks described under “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q and in other reports we file with the SEC.
We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results.
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OVERVIEW
The Company provides financial services to individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers located primarily in the upper Midwest through its bank subsidiary, MidWest One Bank. The Bank has locations throughout central and eastern Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, southwestern Florida, and Denver, Colorado.
The Bank is focused on delivering relationship-based business and personal banking products and services. The Bank provides commercial loans, real estate loans, agricultural loans, credit card loans, and consumer loans. The Bank is focused on delivering relationship-based business and personal banking products and services. The Bank also provides deposit products including demand and interest checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and time deposits. Complementary to our loan and deposit products, the Bank also provides products and services including treasury management, Zelle, online and mobile banking, credit and debit cards, ATMs, and safe deposit boxes. The Bank also has a trust department through which it offers services including the administration of estates, personal trusts, and conservatorships and the management of real property. Finally, the Bank’s investment services department offers financial planning, investment advisory, and retail securities brokerage services (the latter of which is provided through an agreement with a third-party registered broker-dealer).
Our results of operations are significantly affected by our net interest income. Results of operations are also affected by noninterest income and expense, credit loss expense and income tax expense. Significant external factors that impact our results of operations include general economic and competitive conditions, as well as changes in market interest rates, government policies, and actions of regulatory authorities.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period.
COVID-19 Update
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has had an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and is expected to have a complex and significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry and the Company in future fiscal periods, all subject to a high degree of uncertainty.
Effects on Our Market Areas
Our commercial and consumer banking products and services are offered primarily in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida and Colorado, where individual and governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to a broad curtailment of economic activity beginning in March 2020. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we've seen in our markets a variety of responses to the pandemic, which have included social distancing protocols, limitations on the numbers of customers at restaurants and retail stores, limitations of social gathering sizes, safety practices for the at-risk and elderly, as well as other safeguarding practices. Each of our market areas have also had varying responses to the COVID-19 pandemic due to the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine. The Bank's banking offices have remained open during these orders because the Bank is deemed to be an essential business. Based on the current environment, it is unclear how the states in our market areas will continue to change policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of these policies on our customers and regional economies.
The U.S. experienced a substantial decline nationally in economic condition in 2020. The national unemployment rate has fluctuated since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and has declined from 6.7% in December 2020 to 6.0% in March 2021, but remains elevated when compared to the pre-pandemic levels in February 2020 of 3.5% per the U.S. Department of Labor.
Policy and Regulatory Developments
Federal, state, and local governments and regulatory authorities throughout 2020 and into the first quarter of 2021 have enacted and issued a range of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. More recently, these have included policies such as the following:
•President Biden on March 11, 2021 signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a new $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief bill. The bill includes a variety of economic assistance programs for Americans, such as the payment of an additional stimulus check, extension of job benefits, additional funding for coronavirus testing and vaccine
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distribution, an infusion of cash in state and local governments, an array of tax benefits, and expansion and modification of the PPP, among other economic incentives.
•President Biden on March 30, 2021 signed into law the PPP Extension Act of 2021, which provided an extension to May 31, 2021 for qualifying businesses to apply for a PPP loan and provided an additional 30 days for the SBA to process pending PPP loan applications.
Our Response
Our response to COVID-19 continues to be focused on how we can best serve our employees, customers, and communities. The Bank has utilized a combination of digital banking, voice, branch drive-thru and other channels in order to meet the needs of our customers. In addition, we have implemented additional safety measures to achieve appropriate social distancing for both customers and employees throughout our locations, including all of our locations having capacity restrictions and requirements to wear protective face coverings.
We continue to work with our customers to understand the level of impact the pandemic has had on their business operations as the pandemic continues to determine how best to serve them in these unprecedented times. We also continue to lend to qualified businesses for working capital and general business purposes, while also meeting the needs of our individual customers. Further, we implemented a loan payment deferral program and assisted our clients through the PPP.
Financial Condition & Results of Operations
Net Interest Income. The Company's net interest income continues to be impacted by the monetary policy tools that were implemented by the FRB in March 2020 to stimulate the economy and influence overall growth and distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits, and also to affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. These actions reduced both short-term and long-term interest rates and added significantly to the country’s money supply. Thus, the interest rates at which we originated new loans and repriced existing loans were generally lower than pre-pandemic existing loan portfolio rates, reducing loan interest income. In addition, while we've seen a decline in the number of COVID-19 affected borrowers who have requested a deferral of loan principal and/or interest payments as compared to the previously disclosed fourth quarter of 2020 results, we recognize that the economic impact from COVID-19 may affect our borrowers' ability to repay the deferred principal and interest in future periods, which would reduce interest income. We are unable to project the materiality that such actions may have on the Company's results of operations.
Further, the aforementioned increase in the country’s money supply, in combination with the fiscal stimulus and general economic uncertainty amid the COVID-19 pandemic, weakened customer loan demand and line utilization, but increased customer deposit balances. As a result, the Company invested the net deposit inflows into debt securities, which generally carry a lower yield than loans. In addition, a severe and sustained economic downturn could impact the debt securities issuers' ability to make payments on debt or to raise additional funds to continue operations, which could result in a reduction in interest income from debt securities and increased credit loss expense. With respect to interest expense, the reduction in short-term interest rates led to a corresponding reduction in the rates we pay for customer deposit accounts and short-term borrowings. Finally, the Company’s funding mix changed favorably toward lower cost deposit products. However, an extended recession could cause large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, which could increase our reliance on more volatile or expensive funding sources.
Credit Loss Expense. The Company's credit loss expense was impacted by COVID-19. In 2020, the overall increase in the ACL reflected the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on current and forecasted economic conditions that were utilized in our ACL model. As it pertains to our March 31, 2021 financial condition and results of operations, our ACL declined compared to December 31, 2020 due to overall improvements in the economic forecast and also an improved outlook in the credit risk profile. However, as our ACL calculation and credit loss expense are significantly impacted by changes in forecasted economic conditions, significant worsening of forecasted conditions is possible and would result in further increases in the ACL and credit loss expense in future periods.
Noninterest Income. The Company's fee income could be impacted by COVID-19. For example, in keeping with guidance from regulators, during the second and third quarters of 2020, the Company worked with COVID-19 affected customers and temporarily waived fees from a variety of sources, such as, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees, and account maintenance fees. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact from COVID-19 can impact its fee income in future periods.
Noninterest Expense. The PPP has impacted the timing of compensation and benefit expense as PPP loan origination costs are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan to which they relate. In addition, PPP led to increased information service expenses as a result of the Company's adoption of a PPP loan origination platform in the second quarter of 2020.
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Credit Administration. Congress, the President, and the FRB have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic impact as a result of COVID-19 and related restrictions. Section 4013 of the CARES Act, “Temporary Relief From Troubled Debt Restructurings,” which was signed into law at the end of March 2020, allows financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the FRB and the FDIC, issued an interagency statement, effective immediately, on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The relief related to TDRs was extended by the CAA, which was signed into law on December 27, 2020. As discussed as part of the CAA, relief will continue until the earlier of 60 days after the date the COVID-19 national emergency comes to an end or January 1, 2022. As of March 31, 2021, the outstanding balance of loans modified as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was 43 loans, totaling $16.7 million, as compared to 76 loans, totaling $44.1 million, as of December 31, 2020. We anticipate the total number of modifications will continue to decline due to overall improvements within the current and future expected economic conditions. However, the Company is unable to project the overall impact that the CARES Act, the interagency guidance, the CAA, and other governmental actions will have on our financial statements.
The Bank is a participating lender in the PPP. The PPP loans have a two-year or five-year term and earn interest at 1%. Loans funded through the PPP are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government if certain criteria are met. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish additional allowance for credit loss through additional credit loss expense charged to earnings. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $248.7 million in outstanding PPP loans, with $6.9 million of unamortized net loan origination fees. We expect the Company's volume of PPP loan originations will decline after March 31, 2021 compared to the level of originations during the first quarter of 2021.
Loan Portfolio. COVID-19 has impacted the Company's loan growth, and we anticipate that loan growth will continue to be impacted in the future. While all industries have and will continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we had exposures in the following industries that we believe to be uniquely vulnerable to credit deterioration stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic as of March 31, 2021.

|  | Balance |  | % of Total Loans
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Non-essential retail |  | $ | 88,046 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Restaurants |  | 56,054 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Hotels |  | 114,390 |  |  | 3.4 | %
CRE - Retail |  | 191,084 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Arts, entertainment, and gaming |  | 23,505 |  |  | 0.7 | %
|  | $ | 473,079 |  |  | 14.1 | %

Capital and liquidity
As of March 31, 2021, all of our capital ratios, and the Bank’s capital ratios, were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While we believe that we have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. We rely on cash on hand as well as dividends from the Bank to service our debt. If our capital deteriorates such that our Bank is unable to pay dividends to us for an extended period of time, we may not be able to service our debt. If an extended recession causes large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, we might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.
As stated above, liquidity was also impacted by the actions of the federal, state, and local governments and other regulatory authorities in response to COVID-19. Specifically, the FRB’s use of a variety of monetary policy tools to stimulate the economy and influence overall growth and distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits, and also to affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits, included tactics such as the reduction in the reserve requirement ratio to zero, reduction in the target federal funds rate, and also commencing quantitative easing by purchasing longer-term Treasury and mortgage-backed securities. These aforementioned monetary policy tools utilized by the FRB significantly added to the country’s money supply.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
Management has identified the accounting policies related to the ACL, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, and the annual impairment testing of goodwill and other intangible assets to be critical accounting policies. Information about our critical accounting estimates is included under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021, and there have been no material changes in these critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2020.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020
Summary
Our consolidated net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $21.6 million, an increase of $23.6 million from a net loss of $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in net income was due primarily to a decline in credit loss expense of $26.5 million, or 121.8%, coupled with a decrease of $2.3 million, or 7.7%, in noninterest expense, an increase of $1.7 million, or 16.4%, in noninterest income, and a $1.2 million, or 3.2%, increase in net interest income. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a significant credit loss expense due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic uncertainty. The decline in credit loss expense in the first quarter of 2021 reflected overall improvements in the economic forecast and also an improved outlook in the credit risk profile. The decline in noninterest expense was primarily due to decreases of $1.0 million in 'Other' noninterest expense, $0.8 million in legal and professional expenses, and $0.5 million in the amortization of intangibles. Noninterest income increased primarily as a result of a $3.6 million increase in loan revenue, which reflected higher mortgage loan production and stronger gain on sale margins coupled with a $0.8 increase in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights, as compared to the decline of $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2020, while net interest income increased primarily as a result of a decline in interest expense of $4.4 million. Offsetting these amounts was an $8.0 million increase in income tax expense, coupled with a $2.6 million decline in income from our commercial loan back-to-back swap program, which is reflected in 'Other' noninterest income, an increase of $0.3 million in compensation and employee benefits noninterest expense, and an overall decline of $3.2 million in interest income that stemmed from new loans originating and variable rate loans repricing at lower rates. Both basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $1.35 as compared with both basic and diluted loss per common share of $0.12 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Our annualized return on average shareholders' equity was 17.01% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with (1.54)% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Selected financial performance and capital ratios for the Company are presented in the table below as of or for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

| As of or for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 |  | 2020
Net Income (Loss) | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |
Return on Average Assets | 1.59 | % |  | (0.17) | %
Return on Average Equity | 17.01 |  |  | (1.54) |
Return on Average Tangible Equity(1) | 21.52 |  |  | (0.47) |
Efficiency Ratio(1) | 50.77 |  |  | 57.67 |
Dividend Payout Ratio | 16.67 |  |  | (183.33) |
Common Equity Ratio | 8.91 |  |  | 10.51 |
Tangible Common Equity Ratio(1) | 7.52 |  |  | 8.11 |
Book Value per Share | $ | 32.00 |  |  | $ | 31.11 |
Tangible Book Value per Share(1) | 26.60 |  |  | 23.39 |
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.

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Net Interest Income
The following table shows consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related yields and costs for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Yield/ Cost |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Yield/ Cost
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees (1)(2)(3) | $ | 3,429,746 |  |  | $ | 37,073 |  |  | 4.38 | % |  | $ | 3,436,263 |  |  | $ | 42,509 |  |  | 4.98 | %
Taxable investment securities | 1,266,714 |  |  | 5,093 |  |  | 1.63 |  |  | 567,001 |  |  | 3,717 |  |  | 2.64 |
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)(4) | 465,793 |  |  | 3,203 |  |  | 2.79 |  |  | 224,171 |  |  | 1,907 |  |  | 3.42 |
Total securities held for investment (2) | 1,732,507 |  |  | 8,296 |  |  | 1.94 |  |  | 791,172 |  |  | 5,624 |  |  | 2.86 |
Other | 36,536 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 0.16 |  |  | 55,833 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 1.18 |
Total interest earning assets (2) | $ | 5,198,789 |  |  | $ | 45,383 |  |  | 3.54 | % |  | $ | 4,283,268 |  |  | $ | 48,297 |  |  | 4.54 | %
Other assets | 321,515 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 386,456 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,520,304 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,669,724 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest checking deposits | $ | 1,349,671 |  |  | $ | 991 |  |  | 0.30 | % |  | $ | 965,077 |  |  | $ | 1,316 |  |  | 0.55 | %
Money market deposits | 913,087 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 766,766 |  |  | 1,645 |  |  | 0.86 |
Savings deposits | 553,824 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 393,833 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 0.40 |
Time deposits | 837,460 |  |  | 1,853 |  |  | 0.90 |  |  | 997,136 |  |  | 4,597 |  |  | 1.85 |
Total interest bearing deposits | 3,654,042 |  |  | 3,608 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 3,122,812 |  |  | 7,949 |  |  | 1.02 |
Short-term borrowings | 175,193 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 121,942 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 1.10 |
Long-term debt | 205,971 |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | 3.64 |  |  | 225,587 |  |  | 1,716 |  |  | 3.06 |
Total borrowed funds | 381,164 |  |  | 1,979 |  |  | 2.11 |  |  | 347,529 |  |  | 2,050 |  |  | 2.37 |
Total interest bearing liabilities | $ | 4,035,206 |  |  | $ | 5,587 |  |  | 0.56 | % |  | $ | 3,470,341 |  |  | $ | 9,999 |  |  | 1.16 | %
Noninterest bearing deposits | 919,856 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 637,204 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 49,003 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,010 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 516,239 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 515,169 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,520,304 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,669,724 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (2) |  |  | $ | 39,796 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 38,298 |  |  |
Net interest spread(2) |  |  |  |  | 2.98 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.38 | %
Net interest margin(2) |  |  |  |  | 3.10 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.60 | %
Total deposits(5) | $ | 4,573,898 |  |  | $ | 3,608 |  |  | 0.32 | % |  | $ | 3,760,016 |  |  | $ | 7,949 |  |  | 0.85 | %
Cost of funds(6) |  |  |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.98 | %

(1) | Average balance includes nonaccrual loans.
(2) | Tax equivalent. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(3) | Interest income includes net loan fees, loan purchase discount accretion and tax equivalent adjustments. Net loan fees (costs) were $3.5 million and $(122) thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Loan purchase discount accretion was $1.1 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Tax equivalent adjustments were $531 thousand and $497 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(4) | Interest income includes tax equivalent adjustments of $648 thousand and $395 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(5) | Total deposits is the sum of total interest-bearing deposits and noninterest bearing deposits. The cost of total deposits is calculated as annualized interest expense on deposits divided by average total deposits.
(6) | Cost of funds is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total deposits and borrowed funds.

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The following table shows changes to tax equivalent net interest income attributable to (i) changes in volume and (ii) changes in rate. Changes attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 Compared to 2020 Change due to
| Volume |  | Yield/Cost |  | Net
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees (1) | $ | (84) |  |  | $ | (5,352) |  |  | $ | (5,436) |
Taxable investment securities | 3,206 |  |  | (1,830) |  |  | 1,376 |
Tax-exempt investment securities (1) | 1,701 |  |  | (405) |  |  | 1,296 |
Total securities held for investment (1) | 4,907 |  |  | (2,235) |  |  | 2,672 |
Other | (43) |  |  | (107) |  |  | (150) |
Change in interest income (1) | 4,780 |  |  | (7,694) |  |  | (2,914) |
Increase (decrease) in interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest checking deposits | 404 |  |  | (729) |  |  | (325) |
Money market deposits | 260 |  |  | (1,427) |  |  | (1,167) |
Savings deposits | 122 |  |  | (227) |  |  | (105) |
Time deposits | (652) |  |  | (2,092) |  |  | (2,744) |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 134 |  |  | (4,475) |  |  | (4,341) |
Short-term borrowings | 103 |  |  | (309) |  |  | (206) |
Long-term debt | (161) |  |  | 296 |  |  | 135 |
Total borrowed funds | (58) |  |  | (13) |  |  | (71) |
Change in interest expense | 76 |  |  | (4,488) |  |  | (4,412) |
Change in net interest income | $ | 4,704 |  |  | $ | (3,206) |  |  | $ | 1,498 |
Percentage (decrease) increase in net interest income over prior period |  |  |  |  | 3.9 | %
(1) Tax equivalent, using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%. |  |  |  |  |

Our tax equivalent net interest income for the first quarter of 2021 was $39.8 million, an increase of $1.5 million, or 3.9%, as compared to $38.3 million for the first quarter of 2020. The increase in net interest income was due to a decline in interest expense of $4.4 million, or 44.1%, that was partially offset by the decrease in interest income of $2.9 million, or 6.0%, for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020. The decline in interest expense was primarily due to a decline in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits of $4.3 million, or 54.6%, to $3.6 million as a result of lower rates paid on such deposits that more than offset the increase in the volume of deposits. The decline in interest income was primarily a result of a decline of $5.4 million in interest income from loans as new loans were originated and variable rate loans repriced at lower rates. Partially offsetting this decline was an increase in the interest income earned from investment securities, which was $8.3 million for the first quarter of 2021, up $2.7 million from the first quarter of 2020. The increase reflected the larger volume of securities held for investment from the Company's investment of net deposit inflows, partially offset by a decrease in yield. Loan purchase discount accretion added $1.1 million to net interest income in the first quarter of 2021 compared to $3.0 million in the first quarter of 2020. Net fee accretion for PPP loans for the first quarter of 2021 was $4.4 million, compared to none in the first quarter of 2020.
The tax equivalent net interest margin for the first quarter of 2021 was 3.10%, or 50 basis points lower than the tax equivalent net interest margin of 3.60% for the first quarter of 2020. The yield on loans decreased 60 basis points. PPP loans had a positive impact of approximately 34 basis points on the loan yield, which partially offset the overall decline. The tax equivalent yield on investment securities decreased by 92 basis points. Combined, the resulting yield on interest-earning assets for the first quarter of 2021 was 100 basis points lower than the first quarter of 2020, and reflected the origination and re-pricing of loans at generally lower coupon rates compared to existing portfolio coupon rates, as well as a shift in earning asset mix to a greater proportion of investment securities, which generally have lower yields than loans. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 62 basis points, while the average cost of borrowings was lower by 26 basis points for the first quarter of 2021, compared to the first quarter of 2020. The FRB decreased the target federal funds interest rate by 150 basis points in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which contributed to the decreasing interest rates in the first quarter 2021 as compared to the first quarter 2020. These decreases impact the comparability of net interest income and net interest margin between 2020 and 2021.
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Credit Loss Expense
We recorded a credit loss benefit during the first quarter of 2021 of $4.7 million, as compared to credit loss expense of $21.7 million for the first quarter of 2020, a decrease of $26.5 million, or 121.8%. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a significant credit loss expense due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic uncertainty. The decline in credit loss expense in the first quarter of 2021 reflected overall improvements in the economic forecast and also an improved outlook in the credit risk profile. Specifically, the economic forecast utilized by the Company is sensitive to changes in the following loss drivers: (1) Midwest unemployment, (2) year-to-year change in national retail sales, (3) year-to-year change in the CRE Index, (4) year-to-year change in U.S. GDP, (5) year-to-year change in the National Home Price Index, and (6) Rental Vacancy. General deterioration in these loss drivers, coupled with any changes to our modeling assumptions stemming from overall uncertainties in the current and future economic conditions, impacts the recorded credit loss expense. The total amount of net loans charged off in the first quarter of 2021 was $0.3 million as compared to $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2020.
Noninterest Income
The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment services and trust activities | $ | 2,836 |  |  | $ | 2,536 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | 11.8 | %
Service charges and fees | 1,487 |  |  | 1,826 |  |  | (339) |  |  | (18.6) |
Card revenue | 1,536 |  |  | 1,365 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 12.5 |
Loan revenue | 4,730 |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 3,607 |  |  | 321.2 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 542 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 4.2 |
Investment securities gains, net | 27 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (35.7) |
Other | 666 |  |  | 2,743 |  |  | (2,077) |  |  | (75.7) |
Total noninterest income | $ | 11,824 |  |  | $ | 10,155 |  |  | $ | 1,669 |  |  | 16.4 | %

Total noninterest income for the first quarter of 2021 increased $1.7 million, or 16.4%, to $11.8 million from $10.2 million in the first quarter of 2020. The most notable increase in noninterest income was an increase of $3.6 million in loan revenue, which reflected higher mortgage loan production and stronger gain on sale margins coupled with a $0.8 increase in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights, as compared to the decline of $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2020. Partially offsetting the increase in noninterest income attributable from loan revenue was a decrease in 'Other' noninterest income of $2.1 million, which was primarily due to a decline of $2.6 million in income from our commercial loan back-to-back swap program.
Noninterest Expense
The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits | $ | 16,917 |  |  | $ | 16,617 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Occupancy expense of premises, net | 2,318 |  |  | 2,341 |  |  | (23) |  |  | (1.0) |
Equipment | 1,793 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | (87) |  |  | (4.6) |
Legal and professional | 783 |  |  | 1,535 |  |  | (752) |  |  | (49.0) |
Data processing | 1,252 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | (102) |  |  | (7.5) |
Marketing | 1,006 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | (56) |  |  | (5.3) |
Amortization of intangibles | 1,507 |  |  | 2,028 |  |  | (521) |  |  | (25.7) |
FDIC insurance | 512 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 14.3 |
Communications | 409 |  |  | 457 |  |  | (48) |  |  | (10.5) |
Foreclosed assets, net | 47 |  |  | 138 |  |  | (91) |  |  | (65.9) |
Other | 1,156 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  | (985) |  |  | (46.0) |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 27,700 |  |  | $ | 30,001 |  |  | $ | (2,301) |  |  | (7.7) | %

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Noninterest expense for the first quarter of 2021 was $27.7 million, a decrease of $2.3 million, or 7.7%, from $30.0 million for the first quarter of 2020. The decline in noninterest expense was primarily due to decreases of $1.0 million in 'Other' noninterest expense, $0.8 million in legal and professional expenses, and $0.5 million in the amortization of intangibles. The decline in 'Other' noninterest expense was mainly due to a reduction in tax credit partnership investment amortization, fewer operating losses and reduced costs for office supplies. The decrease in legal and professional expenses was primarily due to a decline in loan legal expenses. The decrease in the amortization of intangibles reflected the accelerated amortization methodology utilized for certain finite-lived intangible assets. Offsetting these identified decreases in noninterest expense was an increase of $0.3 million in compensation and employee benefits expense. The increase in compensation and employee benefits expense was driven by a $0.4 million increase in commissions and incentive expense coupled with a $0.6 million increase in salaries, hourly compensation and employee benefits primarily due to normal annual increases, offset by a $0.9 million benefit from SBA PPP loan origination costs which are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan to which they relate.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective income tax rate, or income taxes divided by income before taxes, was 21.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to an effective tax rate of (52.7)% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The effective tax rate for the full year 2021 is expected to be in the range of 20-22%.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Following is a table that represents the major categories of the Company's balance sheet as of the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | 82,659 |  |  | $ | 63,110 |  |  | 76.3 | % |
Loans held for sale | 58,333 |  |  | 59,956 |  |  | (1,623) |  |  | (2.7) |  |
Debt securities available for sale | 1,896,894 |  |  | 1,657,381 |  |  | 239,513 |  |  | 14.5 |  |
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income | 3,358,161 |  |  | 3,482,223 |  |  | (124,062) |  |  | (3.6) |  |
Allowance for credit losses | (50,650) |  |  | (55,500) |  |  | 4,850 |  |  | (8.7) |  |
Total loans held for investment, net | 3,307,511 |  |  | 3,426,723 |  |  | (119,212) |  |  | (3.5) |  |
Other assets | 328,805 |  |  | 329,929 |  |  | (1,124) |  |  | (0.3) |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,737,312 |  |  | $ | 5,556,648 |  |  | $ | 180,664 |  |  | 3.3 | % |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total deposits | $ | 4,794,563 |  |  | $ | 4,547,049 |  |  | $ | 247,514 |  |  | 5.4 | % |
Total borrowings | 377,481 |  |  | 439,480 |  |  | (61,999) |  |  | (14.1) |  |
Other liabilities | 53,948 |  |  | 54,869 |  |  | (921) |  |  | (1.7) |  |
Total shareholders' equity | 511,320 |  |  | 515,250 |  |  | (3,930) |  |  | (0.8) |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 5,737,312 |  |  | $ | 5,556,648 |  |  | $ | 180,664 |  |  | 3.3 | % |

Debt Securities Available for Sale
The composition of debt securities available for sale as of the dates indicated was as follows:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 340 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 361 |  |  | — | %
States and political subdivisions | 673,923 |  |  | 35.5 |  |  | 628,346 |  |  | 37.9 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 79,005 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 94,018 |  |  | 5.7 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 715,981 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 565,836 |  |  | 34.1 |
Corporate debt securities | 427,645 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 368,820 |  |  | 22.3 |
Fair value of debt securities available for sale | $ | 1,896,894 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,657,381 |  |  | 100 | %

As of March 31, 2021, the fair value of debt securities available for sale was $1.9 billion, an increase of $239.5 million from $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2020, primarily driven by the excess liquidity generated by the increased levels of deposit balances that were deployed into investment security purchases. There were $23.3 million of gross unrealized gains and $17.8 million of gross unrealized losses in our debt securities available for sale portfolio for a net unrealized gain of $5.5 million at March 31, 2021.
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Loans
The composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan was as follows:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
Agricultural | $ | 117,099 |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | $ | 116,392 |  |  | 3.3 | %
Commercial and industrial | 993,770 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 1,055,488 |  |  | 30.3 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development | 164,927 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 181,291 |  |  | 5.2 |
Farmland | 138,199 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 144,970 |  |  | 4.2 |
Multifamily | 261,806 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 256,525 |  |  | 7.4 |
Commercial real estate-other | 1,128,660 |  |  | 33.6 |  |  | 1,149,575 |  |  | 33.0 |
Total commercial real estate | 1,693,592 |  |  | 50.4 |  |  | 1,732,361 |  |  | 49.8 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four-family first liens | 337,408 |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | 355,684 |  |  | 10.2 |
One- to four-family junior liens | 137,025 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 143,422 |  |  | 4.1 |
Total residential real estate | 474,433 |  |  | 14.1 |  |  | 499,106 |  |  | 14.3 |
Consumer | 79,267 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 78,876 |  |  | 2.3 |
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income | $ | 3,358,161 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 3,482,223 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Loans held for sale | $ | 58,333 |  |  |  |  | $ | 59,956 |  |  |

Loans held for investment, net of unearned income, decreased $124.1 million, or 3.6%, from a balance of $3.48 billion at December 31, 2020, to $3.36 billion at March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of net loan pay-downs and lower line utilization in almost all of our loan portfolio categories. As of March 31, 2021, the amortized cost basis of PPP loans was $248.7 million, or 7.4% of loans held for investment, as compared to $259.3 million, or 7.4% of loans held for investment, at December 31, 2020, which are included in the agricultural and commercial and industrial loan portfolios. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our loan portfolio.
Commitments under standby letters of credit, unused lines of credit and other conditionally approved credit lines totaled approximately $1.0 billion and $991.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Our loan to deposit ratio decreased to 70.04% as of March 31, 2021 as compared to 76.58% as of December 31, 2020. The loan to deposit ratio fell when compared to the prior year-end due to net loan pay-downs coupled with lower loan demand and line utilization. In addition, deposit growth fueled by the government stimulus and PPP loan proceeds, which were generally deposited into customer accounts at the Bank, were principally utilized to purchase debt securities.
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Nonperforming Assets
The following tables set forth information concerning nonperforming loans by class of receivable at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Nonaccrual |  | 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest |  | Total |  | Nonaccrual |  | 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest |  | Total
Agricultural | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,584 |
Commercial and industrial | 6,494 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6,500 |  |  | 7,326 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 7,432 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and development | 619 |  |  | — |  |  | 619 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,145 |
Farmland | 10,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,458 |  |  | 8,319 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,319 |
Multifamily | 1,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 746 |  |  | — |  |  | 746 |
Commercial real estate-other | 19,695 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,695 |  |  | 19,134 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,134 |
Total commercial real estate | 31,868 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,868 |  |  | 29,344 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,344 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four- family first liens | 1,863 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 2,331 |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 2,520 |
One- to four- family junior liens | 747 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 781 |  |  | 722 |  |  | — |  |  | 722 |
Total residential real estate | 2,610 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 3,112 |  |  | 2,617 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 3,242 |
Consumer | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 87 |
Total | $ | 43,874 |  |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 44,382 |  |  | $ | 41,950 |  |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | 42,689 |

The following table sets forth information on our nonperforming assets and performing TDRs at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

|  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans held for investment |  | $ | 43,874 |  |  | $ | 41,950 |
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more |  | 508 |  |  | 739 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | 44,382 |  |  | 42,689 |
Foreclosed assets, net |  | 1,487 |  |  | 2,316 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 45,869 |  |  | $ | 45,005 |
Nonperforming loans ratio (1) |  | 1.32 | % |  | 1.23 | %
Nonperforming assets ratio (2) |  | 0.80 | % |  | 0.81 | %
Performing troubled debt restructured loans held for investment |  | $ | 2,230 |  |  | $ | 2,630 |
(1) Nonperforming loans ratio is calculated as total nonperforming loans divided by loans held for investment, net of unearned income, at the end of the period.
(2) Nonperforming assets ratio is calculated as total nonperforming assets divided by total assets at the end of the period.

Loan Review and Classification Process for Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial, and Commercial Real Estate Loans:
The Bank maintains a loan review and classification process which involves multiple officers of the Bank and is designed to assess the general quality of credit underwriting and to promote early identification of potential problem loans. All commercial and agricultural loan officers are charged with the responsibility of risk rating all loans in their portfolios and updating the ratings, positively or negatively, on an ongoing basis as conditions warrant. Risk ratings are selected from an 8-point scale with ratings as follows: ratings 1- 4 Satisfactory (pass), rating 5 Watch (potential weakness), rating 6 Substandard (well-defined weakness), rating 7 Doubtful, and rating 8 Loss.
When a loan officer originates a new loan, based upon proper loan authorization, they document the credit file with an offering sheet summary, supplemental underwriting analysis, relevant financial information and collateral evaluations. All of this information is used in the determination of the initial loan risk rating. The Bank’s loan review department undertakes independent credit reviews of relationships based on either criteria established by loan policy, risk-focused sampling, or random
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sampling. Credit relationships with larger exposure may pose incrementally higher risks. As a result, the Bank's loan review department is required to review all credit relationships with total exposure of $5.0 million or more, as determined semi-annually as of month-end in December and June, no less than annually. In addition, the individual loan reviews consider such items as: loan type; nature, type and estimated value of collateral; borrower and/or guarantor estimated financial strength; most recently available financial information; related loans and total borrower exposure; and current and anticipated performance of the loan. The results of such reviews are presented to both executive management and the audit committee of the Company's board of directors.
Through the review of delinquency reports, updated financial statements or other relevant information, the lending officer and/or loan review personnel may determine that a loan relationship has weakened to the point that a watch (loan grade 5) or classified (loan grades 6 through 8) status is warranted. At least quarterly, the loan strategy committee will meet to discuss loan relationships with total related exposure of $1.0 million or above that are Watch rated credits, loan relationships with total related exposure of $500 thousand and above that are Substandard or worse rated credits, as well as loan relationships with total related exposure of $250 thousand and above that are on non-accrual. Credits below these designated thresholds are reviewed upon request. The lending officer is charged with preparing a loan strategy summary worksheet that outlines the background of the credit problem, current repayment status of the loans, current collateral evaluation and a workout plan of action. This plan may include goals to improve the credit rating, assist the borrower in moving the loans to another institution and/or collateral liquidation. All such reports are presented to the loan strategy committee. Copies of the minutes of these committee meetings are presented to the board of directors of the Bank.
Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances and the result of the classified/watch review process, loan officers and/or loan review personnel may categorize a loan relationship as requiring an individual analysis. Once that determination has occurred, the credit analyst will complete an individually analyzed worksheet that contains an evaluation of the collateral (for collateral-dependent loans) based upon the estimated collateral value, adjusting for current market conditions and other local factors that may affect collateral value. Loan review personnel may also complete an independent individual analysis when deemed necessary. These judgmental evaluations may produce an initial specific allowance for placement in the Company’s allowance for credit losses calculation. An analysis for the underlying collateral value of each individually analyzed loan relationship is completed in the last month of the quarter. The individually analyzed worksheets are reviewed by the Credit Administration department prior to quarter-end. The board of directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis reviews the classified/watch reports including changes in credit grades of 5 or higher as well as all individually analyzed loans, the related allowances and foreclosed assets, net.
The review process also provides for the upgrade of loans that show improvement since the last review. All requests for an upgrade of a credit are approved by the proper authority based upon the aggregate credit exposure before the rating can be changed.
Loan Modifications
We restructure loans for our customers who appear to be able to meet the terms of their loan over the long term, but who may be unable to meet the terms of the loan in the near term due to individual circumstances. We consider the customer’s past performance, previous and current credit history, the individual circumstances surrounding the current difficulties and their plan to meet the terms of the loan in the future prior to restructuring the terms of the loan. The following factors are indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):
•The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.
•The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.
•The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.
•The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).
•The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.
Generally, short-term deferral of required payments would not be considered a concession. Once a restructured loan has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company modified three loans that were considered TDRs due to granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.
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Refer above to the "COVID-19 Update" section for details pertaining to the modifications that were a result of COVID-19 that were not deemed to be TDRs.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Our ACL as of March 31, 2021 was $50.7 million, which was 1.51% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income. This compares with an ACL of $55.5 million as of December 31, 2020, which was 1.59% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income. The ACL at March 31, 2021 does not include an allowance amount for PPP loans as they are fully guaranteed by the SBA. When adjusted for the impact of PPP loans, the ratio of the ACL as a percentage of loans held for investment, net of unearned income as of March 31, 2021 was 1.63% and as of December 31, 2020 was 1.72% (a non-GAAP financial measure - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures"). The decrease in the ACL reflects overall improvements in the economic forecast and an improved credit profile outlook. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures totaled $3.9 million as of March 31, 2021 as compared to $4.1 million at December 31, 2020 and is included in 'Other liabilities' on the balance sheet.
The Company recorded a credit loss benefit related to loans of $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to a credit loss expense related to loans of $19.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Gross charge-offs for the first three months of 2021 totaled $1.0 million, while there were $0.7 million in gross recoveries of previously charged-off loans. The ratio of annualized net loan charge offs to average loans for the first three months of 2021 was 0.04% compared to 0.14% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Economic Forecast: At March 31, 2021, the economic forecast used by the Company showed the following: (1) Midwest unemployment – slight increase in the next forecasted quarter followed by decreases in the following three forecasted quarters; (2) Year-to-year change in national retail sales - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (3) Year-to-year change in CRE Index - decreases over the next four forecasted quarters; (4) Year-to-year change in U.S. GDP - increases over the next four forecasted quarters; (5) Year-to-year change in National Home Price Index – increases over the next four forecasted quarters; and (6) Rental Vacancy - an increase over the next two forecasted quarters, followed by a decline in the third and fourth forecasted quarters. Overall, economic forecast loss driver data improved when compared to the previously disclosed fourth quarter of 2020 results.
Loan Policy: We review all nonaccrual loans greater than $250,000 individually on a quarterly basis to estimate the appropriate allowance due to collateral deficiency or insufficient cash-flow based on a discounted cash-flow analysis. At March 31, 2021, TDRs were not a material portion of the loan portfolio. We review loans 90 days or more past due that are still accruing interest no less than quarterly to determine if the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection. If not, such loans are placed on non-accrual status.
Based on the inherent risk in the loan portfolio, management believed that as of March 31, 2021, the ACL was adequate; however, there is no assurance losses will not exceed the allowance, and any growth in the loan portfolio or uncertainty in the general economy will require that management continue to evaluate the adequacy of the ACL and make additional provisions in future periods as deemed necessary. See Note 4. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the allowance for credit losses.
Deposits
The composition of deposits was as follows:

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
Noninterest bearing deposits | $ | 958,526 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | $ | 910,655 |  |  | 20.0 | %
Interest checking deposits | 1,406,070 |  |  | 29.4 |  |  | 1,351,641 |  |  | 29.7 |
Money market deposits | 950,300 |  |  | 19.8 |  |  | 918,654 |  |  | 20.2 |
Savings deposits | 580,862 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 529,751 |  |  | 11.7 |
Time deposits under $250 | 558,338 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 581,471 |  |  | 12.8 |
Time deposits of $250 or more | 340,467 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 254,877 |  |  | 5.6 |
Total deposits | $ | 4,794,563 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,547,049 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Deposits increased $247.5 million from December 31, 2020, or 5.4%, reflecting the combination of fiscal stimulus and the deposit of PPP loan proceeds, which were generally deposited into customer accounts at the Bank. Approximately 81.3% of our total deposits were considered “core” deposits as of March 31, 2021, compared to 81.6% at December 31, 2020. We consider core deposits to be the total of all deposits other than time deposits and non-reciprocal brokered money market deposits. See Note 8. Deposits to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our deposits.
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Short-Term Borrowings
Federal funds purchased - The Bank purchases federal funds for short-term funding needs from correspondent and regional banks. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank had no federal funds purchased.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Securities sold under agreements to repurchase rose $1.5 million, or 0.9%, to $175.8 million as of March 31, 2021, compared with $174.3 million a s of December 31, 2020. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling investment securities to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same investment securities at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. As such, the balance of these borrowings vary according to the liquidity needs of the customers participating in these sweep accounts.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances - The Bank utilizes FHLB short-term advances for short-term funding needs. The Company had no short-term advances as of March 31, 2021, compared with $56.5 million as of December 31, 2020.
Other - At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowings, while the financing capacity was $64.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and $67.7 million as of December 31, 2020.
The Bank entered into a credit agreement with a correspondent bank under which the Company is able to borrow up to $25.0 million from an unsecured revolving credit facility. The Company had no balance outstanding under this revolving credit facility as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
See Note 9. Short-Term Borrowings to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to short-term borrowings.
Long-Term Debt
Finance Lease Payable - The Company has one existing finance lease for a branch location, with a present value liability balance of $1.1 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts - Junior subordinated notes that have been issued to capital trusts that issued trust preferred securities were $41.8 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Subordinated Debentures - On May 1, 2019, the Company assumed $10.9 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated debentures as a result of the merger with ATBancorp. In addition, on July 28, 2020, the Company completed the private placement offering of $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, of which $63.75 million have been exchanged for subordinated notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933. As a result of amortization of debt issuance costs, the balance of subordinated debentures increased to $74.7 million as of March 31, 2021, as compared to $74.6 million at December 31, 2020.
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings - FHLB borrowings totaled $84.2 million as of March 31, 2021, compared with $91.2 million as of December 31, 2020, a decrease of $7.0 million, or 7.7%, due to maturities of FHLB advances. We utilize FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund interest-earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk.
See Note 10. Long-Term Debt to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to long-term debt.
Capital Resources
Shareholder's Equity
Total shareholders’ equity was $511.3 million as of March 31, 2021, compared to $515.3 million as of December 31, 2020, a decrease of $3.9 million, or 0.8%, primarily as a result of decreased AOCI, partially offset by an increase in retained earnings. The total shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio was 8.91% at March 31, 2021, down from 9.27% at December 31, 2020. The tangible common equity ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure -see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures") was 7.52% at March 31, 2021, compared with 7.82% at December 31, 2020. Book value was $32.00 per share at March 31, 2021, a decrease from $32.17 per share at December 31, 2020. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP financial measure - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures") was $26.60 at March 31, 2021, a decline from $26.69 per share at December 31, 2020.
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Capital Adequacy
Our Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was 11.13% as of March 31, 2021 and was 10.70% as of December 31, 2020. Risk-based capital guidelines require the classification of assets and some off-balance-sheet items in terms of credit-risk exposure and the measuring of capital as a percentage of the risk-adjusted asset totals. Management believed that, as of March 31, 2021, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. As of that date, the Bank was “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions. See Note 12. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our capital.
Stock Compensation
Restricted stock units were granted to certain officers and directors of the Company on February 15, 2021, in the amount of 65,168. Additionally, during the first three months of 2021, 31,004 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of previously awarded grants of restricted stock units, of which 4,108 shares were surrendered by grantees to satisfy tax requirements, and 1,154 unvested restricted stock units were forfeited.
Liquidity
Liquidity Management
Liquidity management involves meeting the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers. We conduct liquidity management on both a daily and long-term basis, and adjust our investments in liquid assets based on expected loan demand, projected loan maturities and payments, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Excess liquidity is invested generally in short-term U.S. government and agency securities, short- and medium-term state and political subdivision securities, and other investment securities. Our most liquid assets are cash and due from banks, interest-bearing bank deposits, and federal funds sold. The balances of these assets are dependent on our operating, investing, and financing activities during any given period.
Generally, the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of fiscal stimulus payments to individuals, coupled with economic uncertainty stemming from the pandemic, has resulted in increased liquidity throughout 2020 and into 2021.
Cash and cash equivalents are summarized in the table below:

(dollars in thousands) | As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Cash and due from banks | $ | 57,154 |  |  | $ | 65,078 |
Interest-bearing deposits | 80,924 |  |  | 17,409 |
Federal funds sold | 7,691 |  |  | 172 |
Total | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | 82,659 |

Generally, our principal sources of funds are deposits, advances from the FHLB, principal repayments on loans, proceeds from the sale of loans, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, our federal funds lines, and funds provided by operations. While scheduled loan amortization and maturing interest-bearing deposits are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by economic conditions, the general level of interest rates, and competition. We utilized particular sources of funds based on comparative costs and availability. The Bank maintains unsecured lines of credit with several correspondent banks and secured lines with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the FHLB that would allow us to borrow funds on a short-term basis, if necessary. We also hold debt securities classified as available for sale that could be sold to meet liquidity needs if necessary.
Net cash provided by operations was another major source of liquidity. The net cash provided by operating activities was $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $21.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Inflation
The effects of price changes and inflation can vary substantially for most financial institutions. While management believes that inflation affects the growth of total assets, it is difficult to assess its overall impact on the Company. The price of one or more of the components of the Consumer Price Index may fluctuate considerably and thereby influence the overall Consumer Price
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Index without having a corresponding effect on interest rates or upon the cost of those goods and services normally purchased by us. In years of high inflation and high interest rates, intermediate and long-term interest rates tend to increase, thereby adversely impacting the market values of investment securities, mortgage loans and other long-term fixed rate loans held by financial institutions. In addition, higher short-term interest rates caused by inflation tend to increase financial institutions’ cost of funds. In other years, the reverse situation may occur.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
During the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. We follow the same credit policy (including requiring collateral, if deemed appropriate) to make such commitments as is followed for those loans that are recorded in our financial statements.
Our exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance is represented by the contractual amount of the commitments. Management does not expect any significant losses as a result of these commitments, and also expects to have sufficient liquidity available to cover these off-balance-sheet instruments. Off-balance-sheet transactions are more fully discussed in Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations existing at December 31, 2020, as disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Certain ratios and amounts not in conformity with GAAP are provided to evaluate and measure the Company’s operating performance and financial condition, including return on average tangible equity, tangible common equity, tangible book value per share, tangible common equity ratio, net interest margin (tax equivalent), core net interest margin, efficiency ratio, and adjusted allowance for credit losses ratio. Management believes these ratios and amounts provide investors with useful information regarding the Company’s profitability, financial condition and capital adequacy, consistent with how management evaluates the Company’s financial performance. The following tables provide a reconciliation of each non-GAAP measure to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
Return on Average Tangible Equity |  | March 31, 2021 |  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 21,648 |  |  | $ | (1,975) |  |  |  |  |
Intangible amortization, net of tax (1) |  | 1,130 |  |  | 1,521 |  |  |  |  |
Tangible net income (loss) |  | $ | 22,778 |  |  | $ | (454) |  |  |  |  |
Average shareholders' equity |  | $ | 516,239 |  |  | $ | 515,169 |  |  |  |  |
Average intangible assets, net |  | (86,961) |  |  | (122,948) |  |  |  |  |
Average tangible equity |  | $ | 429,278 |  |  | $ | 392,221 |  |  |  |  |
Return on average equity |  | 17.01 | % |  | (1.54) | % |  |  |  |
Return on average tangible equity (2) |  | 21.52 | % |  | (0.47) | % |  |  |  |
(1) Computed assuming a combined marginal income tax rate of 25%. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(2) Annualized tangible net income divided by average tangible equity. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Book Value per Share / Tangible Common Equity Ratio |  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 511,320 |  |  | $ | 515,250 |
Intangible assets, net |  | (86,212) |  |  | (87,719) |
Tangible common equity |  | $ | 425,108 |  |  | $ | 427,531 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,737,312 |  |  | $ | 5,556,648 |
Intangible assets, net |  | (86,212) |  |  | (87,719) |
Tangible assets |  | $ | 5,651,100 |  |  | $ | 5,468,929 |
Book value per share |  | $ | 32.00 |  |  | $ | 32.17 |
Tangible book value per share (1) |  | $ | 26.60 |  |  | $ | 26.69 |
Shares outstanding |  | 15,981,088 |  |  | 16,016,780 |
Equity to assets ratio |  | 8.91 | % |  | 9.27 | %
Tangible common equity ratio (2) |  | 7.52 | % |  | 7.82 | %
(1) Tangible common equity divided by shares outstanding. |  |  |  |
(2) Tangible common equity divided by tangible assets. |  |  |  |

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent/Core Net Interest Margin |  | March 31, 2021 |  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | $ | 38,617 |  |  | $ | 37,406 |  |  |  |  |
Tax equivalent adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (1) |  | 531 |  |  | 497 |  |  |  |  |
Securities (1) |  | 648 |  |  | 395 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income, tax equivalent |  | $ | 39,796 |  |  | $ | 38,298 |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase discount accretion |  | (1,098) |  |  | (3,023) |  |  |  |  |
Core net interest income |  | $ | 38,698 |  |  | $ | 35,275 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin |  | 3.01 | % |  | 3.51 | % |  |  |  |
Net interest margin, tax equivalent (2) |  | 3.10 | % |  | 3.60 | % |  |  |  |
Core net interest margin (3) |  | 3.02 | % |  | 3.31 | % |  |  |  |
Average interest earning assets |  | $ | 5,198,789 |  |  | $ | 4,283,268 |  |  |  |  |
(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(2) Annualized tax equivalent net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.
(3) Annualized core net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
Efficiency Ratio |  | March 31, 2021 |  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total noninterest expense |  | $ | 27,700 |  |  | $ | 30,001 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles |  | (1,507) |  |  | (2,028) |  |  |  |  |
Merger-related expenses |  | — |  |  | (54) |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest expense used for efficiency ratio |  | $ | 26,193 |  |  | $ | 27,919 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income, tax equivalent(1) |  | $ | 39,796 |  |  | $ | 38,298 |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest income |  | 11,824 |  |  | 10,155 |  |  |  |  |
Investment security gains, net |  | (27) |  |  | (42) |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues used for efficiency ratio |  | $ | 51,593 |  |  | $ | 48,411 |  |  |  |  |
Efficiency ratio(2) |  | 50.77 | % |  | 57.67 | % |  |  |  |
(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(2) Noninterest expense adjusted for amortization of intangibles and merger-related expenses divided by the sum of tax equivalent net interest income, noninterest income and net investment securities gains. |  |  |  |

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Adjusted Allowance for Credit Losses Ratio |  | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income |  | $ | 3,358,161 |  |  | $ | 3,482,223 |
PPP loans |  | (248,682) |  |  | (259,260) |
Core loans |  | $ | 3,109,479 |  |  | $ | 3,222,963 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 50,650 |  |  | $ | 55,500 |
Allowance for credit losses ratio |  | 1.51 | % |  | 1.59 | %
Adjusted allowance for credit losses ratio (1) |  | 1.63 | % |  | 1.72 | %
(1) Allowance for credit losses divided by core loans.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
In general, market risk is the risk of change in asset values due to movements in underlying market rates and prices. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting us as other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of our business activities.
In addition to interest rate risk, economic conditions in recent years have made liquidity risk (namely, funding liquidity risk) a more prevalent concern among financial institutions. In general, liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to fund an entity’s obligations to creditors (including, in the case of banks, obligations to depositors) as such obligations become due and/or fund its acquisition of assets.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity refers to our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for our customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds.
Net cash inflows from operating activities were $15.1 million in the first three months of 2021, compared with $21.4 million in the first three months of 2020. Net cash outflows from investing activities were $132.0 million in the first three months of 2021, compared to net cash outflows of $62.5 million in the comparable three-month period of 2020. Net cash inflows from financing activities in the first three months of 2021 were $180.0 million, compared with net cash inflows of $93.1 million for the same period of 2020.
To manage liquidity risk, the Bank has several sources of liquidity in place to maximize funding availability and increase the diversification of funding sources. The criteria for evaluating the use of these sources include volume concentration (percentage of liabilities), cost, volatility, and the fit with the current asset/liability management plan. These acceptable sources of liquidity include:
•Federal Funds Lines
•Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window
•FHLB Borrowings
•Brokered Deposits
•Brokered Repurchase Agreements
Federal Funds Lines - Routine liquidity requirements are met by fluctuations in the federal funds position of the Bank. The principal function of these funds is to maintain short-term liquidity. Unsecured federal funds purchased lines are viewed as a volatile liability and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. The current federal funds purchased limit is 10% of total assets, or the amount of established federal funds lines, whichever is smaller. Currently, the Bank maintains several unsecured federal funds lines totaling $145.0 million, which lines are tested annually to ensure availability.
Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window - The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window is another source of liquidity, particularly during difficult economic times. The Bank has a borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago limited by the amount of municipal securities pledged against the line. As of March 31, 2021, the Bank had municipal securities
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with an approximate market value of $69.9 million pledged for liquidity purposes, and had a borrowing capacity of $64.8 million. There were no outstanding borrowings through the FRB Discount Window at March 31, 2021.
FHLB Borrowings - FHLB borrowings provide both a source of liquidity and long-term funding for the Bank. Use of this type of funding is coordinated with both the strategic balance sheet growth projections and interest rate risk profile of the Bank. Factors that are taken into account when contemplating use of FHLB borrowings are the effective interest rate, the collateral requirements, community investment program credits, and the implications and cost of having to purchase incremental FHLB stock. The current FHLB borrowing limit is 45% of total assets. As of March 31, 2021, the Bank had $84.2 million in outstanding FHLB borrowings, leaving $434.0 million available for liquidity needs, based on collateral capacity. These borrowings are secured by various real estate loans (residential, commercial and agricultural).
Brokered Deposits and Reciprocal Deposits - The Bank has brokered time deposit and non-maturity deposit relationships available to diversify its funding sources. Brokered deposits offer several benefits relative to other funding sources, such as: maturity structures which cannot be duplicated in the current retail market, deposit gathering which does not cannibalize the existing deposit base, the unsecured nature of these liabilities, and the ability to quickly generate funds. The Bank’s internal policy limits the use of brokered deposits as a funding source to no more than 10% of total assets. Board approval is required to exceed this limit. The Bank will also have to maintain a “well capitalized” standing to access brokered deposits, as an “adequately capitalized” rating would require an FDIC waiver to do so, and an “undercapitalized” rating would prohibit it from using brokered deposits altogether. The Company did not hold any brokered deposits at March 31, 2021.
Under a final rule that was issued by the FDIC in December 2018, financial institutions that are considered "well capitalized" qualify for the exemption of certain reciprocal deposits from being considered brokered deposits. Such exemption is limited to the lesser of 20 percent of total liabilities or $5 billion, with some exceptions for financial institutions that do not meet such criteria. At March 31, 2021, the Company had $6.2 million of reciprocal time deposits through the CDARS program and $17.2 million of reciprocal non-maturity deposits through the ICS program that qualified for the brokered deposit exemption.
Brokered Repurchase Agreements - Brokered repurchase agreements may be established with approved brokerage firms and banks. Repurchase agreements create rollover risk (the risk that a broker will discontinue the relationship due to market factors) and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Collateral requirements and availability are evaluated and monitored. The current policy limit for brokered repurchase agreements is 10% of total assets. There were no outstanding brokered repurchase agreements at March 31, 2021.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. The Company’s results of operations depend to a large degree on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. The Company considers interest rate risk to be a significant market risk. The major sources of the Company’s interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in customer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of income simulation and valuation analyses. Multiple interest rate scenarios are used in this analysis which include changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about customer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest-rate risk. Like most financial institutions, we have material interest-rate risk exposure to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or LIBOR).
The Bank’s asset and liability committee meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing its interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. Our asset and liability committee seeks to manage interest rate risk under a variety of rate environments by structuring our balance sheet and off-balance-sheet positions in such a way that changes in interest rates do not have a large negative impact. The risk is monitored and managed within approved policy limits.
We use a third-party service to model and measure our exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical changes in market interest rates, numerous other assumptions are made, such as prepayment speeds on loans and securities backed by mortgages, the slope of the Treasury yield-curve, the rates and volumes of our deposits, and the rates and volumes of our loans. There are two primary tools used to evaluate interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and economic value of equity ("EVE"). In addition, interest rate gap is reviewed to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.
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Net Interest Income Simulation - Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves projecting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, which include varying the level of interest rates and shifts in the shape of the yield curve. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual deposit re-pricings, and events outside management’s control, such as customer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. We perform various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of deposit attrition and deposit re-pricing.
The following table presents the anticipated effect on net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate decrease of 100 basis points or 200 basis points (the effects of which are not meaningful as of March 31, 2021 in the current low interest rate environment), or an immediate increase of 100 basis points or 200 basis points:

|  | Immediate Change in Rates |
| (dollars in thousands) | -200 |  | -100 |  | +100 |  | +200 |
| March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dollar change | N/A |  | N/A |  | $ | 1,257 |  |  | $ | 2,052 |  |
| Percent change | N/A |  | N/A |  | 0.9 | % |  | 1.4 | % |
| December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dollar change | N/A |  | N/A |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | 4,167 |  |
| Percent change | N/A |  | N/A |  | 1.8 | % |  | 2.8 | % |

As of March 31, 2021, 42.5% of the Company’s earning asset balances will reprice or are expected to pay down in the next twelve months, and 49.3% of the Company’s deposit balances are low cost or no cost deposits.
Economic Value of Equity - Management also uses EVE to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the run-off replacement assumptions that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.
Interest Rate Gap - The interest rate gap is the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities re-pricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.
The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud or ensure that all material information will be made known to appropriate management in a timely fashion. By their nature, our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management’s control objectives.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
We and our subsidiaries are from time to time parties to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We believe that there is no threatened or pending proceeding, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, against us or our subsidiaries or of which our property is the subject, which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated business or financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Please refer to that section of our Form 10-K for disclosures regarding the risks and uncertainties related to our business.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following table sets forth information about the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the first quarter of 2021:

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs(1) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
January 1 - 31, 2021 |  | 24,450 |  |  | $ | 25.64 |  |  | 24,450 |  |  | $ | 3,744,610 |
February 1 - 28, 2021 |  | 32,398 |  |  | 28.04 |  |  | 32,398 |  |  | 2,836,138 |
March 1 - 31, 2021 |  | 5,740 |  |  | 28.46 |  |  | 5,740 |  |  | 2,672,772 |
Total |  | 62,588 |  |  | $ | 27.14 |  |  | 62,588 |  |  | $ | 2,672,772 |

(1) Common shares repurchased by the Company during the quarter related to shares repurchased under the share repurchase program. On August 20, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2021. The new repurchase program replaced the Company’s prior repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company had repurchased 174,702 shares of common stock for approximately $4.7 million since the plan was announced in October 2018. The prior program had authorized the repurchase of $5.0 million of stock and was due to expire on December 31, 2020.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference to:
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on March 14, 2008 |  | Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628) filed with the SEC on January 14, 2008
3.2 |  | Articles of Amendment (First Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on January 23, 2009 |  | Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 23, 2009
3.3 |  | Articles of Amendment (Second Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on February 4, 2009 (containing the Certificate of Designations for the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A) |  | Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2009
3.4 |  | Articles of Amendment (Third Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc., filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on April 21, 2017 |  | Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 4, 2017
3.5 |  | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of MidWest One Financial Group, Inc. |  | Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 25, 2021
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) |  | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) |  | Filed herewith
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith
101 |  | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags. |  | Filed herewith
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed herewith
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  | Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | M ID W EST O NE F INANCIAL G ROUP, I NC. |  |
Dated: | May 6, 2021 |  | By: |  | /s/ CHARLES N. FUNK |  |
|  |  |  |  | Charles N. Funk |  |
|  |  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
|  |  | By: |  | /s/ BARRY S. RAY |  |
|  |  |  |  | Barry S. Ray |  |
|  |  |  |  | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

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