Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consisted of the following:



	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016			Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2016			Fiscal Year Ended January 3, 2015
	(In thousands)
Federal income taxes:
Current	$	232		$	—		$	—
Deferred	—			—			—
State income taxes:
Current	962			235			160
Deferred	—			—			—
Foreign income taxes:
Current	(70		)	(68		)	134
Deferred	(3		)	(14		)	18
Provision for income taxes	$	1,121		$	153		$	312

The federal statutory income tax rate was 35%. Our provision for income taxes is reconciled to the federal statutory amount as follows:



	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016			Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2016			Fiscal Year Ended January 3, 2015
	(In thousands)
Expense (benefit) from income taxes computed at the federal statutory tax rate	$	6,022		$	(3,998	)	$	(4,746	)
Expense (benefit) from state income taxes, net of federal benefit	595			(474		)	(623		)
Valuation allowance change	(6,319		)	4,318			5,656
Nondeductible items	403			288			232
Alternative minimum tax	232			—			—
Other	188			19			(207		)
Provision for income taxes	$	1,121		$	153		$	312

The change in valuation allowance is exclusive of items that do not impact income from continuing operations, but are reflected in the balance sheet change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities as disclosed in the components of net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) table below.

In accordance with the intraperiod tax allocation provisions of GAAP, we are required to consider all items (including items recorded in other comprehensive income) in determining the amount of tax expense or benefit that should be allocated between continuing operations and other comprehensive income. In fiscal 2016, there was no intraperiod tax allocation because there were sufficient loss carryforwards to offset income from continuing operations. In fiscal 2015 and 2014, there were no intraperiod tax allocations since there was a loss in continuing operations along with a loss in other comprehensive income for these periods. While the income tax provision from continuing operations is reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), the income tax expense on other comprehensive income is recorded directly to accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a component of stockholders’ deficit.

Our financial statements contain certain deferred tax assets which primarily resulted from tax benefits associated with the loss before income taxes, as well as net deferred income tax assets resulting from other temporary differences related to certain reserves, pension obligations, and differences between book and tax depreciation and amortization. We record a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets when we determine that, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets will not be realized.

In our evaluation of the weight of available evidence we considered recent reported losses as negative evidence which carried substantial weight, although we had net income in fiscal 2016. Therefore, we considered evidence related to the four sources of taxable income, to determine whether such positive evidence outweighed the negative evidence associated with the losses incurred. The positive evidence considered included:

•taxable income in prior carryback years, if carryback is permitted under the tax law;

•future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;

•tax planning strategies; and

•future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.

During fiscal 2016 and 2015, we weighed all available positive and negative evidence, and concluded that the weight of the negative evidence of cumulative losses over several years continued to outweigh the positive evidence. Based on the conclusions reached, we maintained a full valuation allowance during fiscal 2016 and 2015.

The components of our net deferred income tax liabilities are as follows:



	December 31, 2016			January 2, 2016
	(In thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Inventory reserves	$	2,088		$	3,007
Compensation-related accruals	4,465			4,819
Accruals and reserves	112			508
Accounts receivable	656			744
Restructuring costs	—			32
Intangible assets	583			—
Property and equipment	1,134			778
Pension	10,747			11,628
Benefit from net operating loss (“NOL”) carryovers ⁽¹⁾	78,236			82,055
Other	194			371
Total gross deferred income tax assets	98,215			103,942
Less: Valuation allowances	(97,552		)	(103,311		)
Total net deferred income tax assets	663			631
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Other	(663		)	(634		)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(663		)	(634		)
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	$	—		$	(3	)


⁽¹⁾	Our federal NOL carryovers are $187.1 million and will expire in 12 to 19 years. Our state NOL carryovers are $256.9 million and will expire in 1 to 20 years.

Activity in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance for fiscal 2016 and 2015 was as follows:



	Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016			Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2016
	(In thousands)
Balance as of beginning of the year	$	103,311		$	99,979
Valuation allowance provided for taxes related to:
(Income) loss before income taxes	(5,759		)	3,332
Balance as of end of the year	$	97,552		$	103,311

We have recorded income tax and related interest liabilities where we believe certain of our tax positions are not more likely than not to be sustained if challenged. The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits:



(In thousands)	2016		2015		2014
Balance at beginning of fiscal year	$	184	$	184	$	259
Increases related to current year tax positions	—		—		—
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—		—		—
Reductions for tax positions in prior years	—		—		—
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations	—		—		(75		)
Settlements	—		—		—
Balance at end of fiscal year	$	184	$	184	$	184

Included in the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, and January 2, 2016, were $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would reduce our annual effective tax rate. We also accrued an immaterial amount of interest related to these unrecognized tax benefits during fiscal 2016 and 2015, and this amount is reported in “Interest expense” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change materially over the next twelve months.

We file U.S., state, and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The 2013 through 2016 tax years generally remain subject to examination by federal and most state and foreign tax authorities.