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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
In fiscal 2022, our statutory rate was 25.4 percent and it was comprised of the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0 percent and our blended state statutory rate of 4.4 percent. In fiscal 2021, our statutory rate was 25.8 percent and it was comprised of the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0 percent and our blended state statutory rate of 4.8 percent. In fiscal 2020, our statutory rate was 25.8 percent and it was comprised of the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0 percent and our blended state statutory rate of 4.8 percent. Our blended state rate is impacted by the mix of our income earned in various states and our federal taxable income, both of which may differ from year to year. Our effective tax rate is impacted by the effects of permanent differences occurring throughout our fiscal year.
For fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and fiscal 2020, our effective tax was 25.0 percent, 24.8 percent, and 14.9 percent, respectively.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2022Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2021
 (In thousands)
Income before provision for income taxes$394,761 $393,876 $95,081 
Federal income taxes:
Current$75,617 $78,005 $19,673 
Deferred3,184 (1,585)(9,038)
State income taxes:
Current17,679 19,382 2,946 
Deferred2,105 1,941 618 
Provision for income taxes$98,585 $97,743 $14,199 
Effective tax rate25.0 %24.8 %14.9 %
Our provision for income taxes is reconciled to the federal statutory amount as follows:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2022Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2021
 (In thousands)
Federal income taxes computed at the federal statutory tax rate$82,898 $82,628 $19,967 
State income taxes, net of federal benefit16,171 18,970 4,636 
Valuation allowance change arising from state net operating losses(193)(3,018)(4,101)
Valuation allowance change arising from interest deduction limitation— — (4,806)
Uncertain tax positions(333)91 (1,879)
Permanent differences arising from compensation(71)686 500 
Other113 (1,614)(118)
Provision for income taxes$98,585 $97,743 $14,199 
At December 31, 2022, we recorded an income tax receivable of $9.9 million and is included within other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Our financial statements contain certain deferred tax assets which primarily result from other temporary differences related to certain reserves, pension obligations, differences between book and tax depreciation and amortization, and state net operating losses. We record a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets when we determine that, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets will not be realized. For fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the components of our net deferred income tax assets are as follows:
December 31, 2022January 1, 2022
(In thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Inventory reserves$5,268 $4,283 
Compensation-related accruals5,807 6,457 
Accounts receivable612 632 
Property and equipment44,870 47,857 
Operating lease liability13,134 13,087 
Pension2,885 4,415 
Benefit from net operating loss carryovers
4,995 5,408 
Other397 251 
Total gross deferred income tax assets77,968 82,390 
Less: valuation allowances(4,076)(4,269)
Total net deferred income tax assets$73,892 $78,121 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Intangible assets$(4,559)$(4,749)
Operating lease asset(12,250)(12,611)
Other(914)(476)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(17,723)(17,836)
Deferred income tax asset, net$56,169 $60,285 
Activity in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance for fiscal 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
December 31, 2022January 1, 2022
(In thousands)
Balance as of beginning of the fiscal year$4,269 $7,287 
Valuation allowance provided for taxes related to:
State net operating loss carryforwards(193)(3,018)
Balance as of end of the fiscal year$4,076 $4,269 
We have recorded income tax and related interest liabilities where we believe certain of our tax positions are not more likely than not to be sustained if challenged. These balances are included in other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits:
December 31, 2022January 1, 2022
($ in thousands)
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year$2,205 $2,262 
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations(333)(57)
Balance at end of the fiscal year$1,872 $2,205 
Included in the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, were approximately $1.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively of tax benefits that, if recognized, would reduce our annual effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 and 2021. No penalties were accrued for either 2022 or 2021. We have accrued interest associated with our unrecognized tax benefits which we release as those benefits are realized due to the lapse of applicable statute of limitations. Interest expense associate with our unrecognized tax benefits is reported as interest expense, net in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.
Impacts of the Tax Act and CARES
In December of 2017, the U.S. enacted comprehensive tax legislation under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (“The Tax Act”), which made broad and complex changes to the tax code. During fiscal 2019, we recorded a valuation allowance of $4.8 million primarily related to interest disallowed for deduction related to changes included in the Tax Act. In March of 2020, the U.S. enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. CARES included a provision which raised the level of deductibility for previously disallowed interest which had been enacted under the Tax Act. During fiscal 2020, because of the provision included in CARES, we benefited from the release of the $4.8 million in valuation allowance which we had recorded during fiscal 2019 under the provisions of the Tax Act. We had no impact to our income tax provision in fiscal 2021 or 2022 from either The Tax Act nor CARES.
Net Operating Losses
At the end of fiscal 2021, our gross state net operating loss carryovers were $98.6 million and our tax-effected state net operating loss carryovers were $5.4 million, of which $4.3 million was subject to a valuation allowance arising from expiration date when considered in conjunction with state limitations related to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 382. At the end of fiscal 2022, our gross state net operating loss carryovers were $92.2 million and our tax-effected state net operating loss carryovers were $5.0 million, of which $4.1 million was subject to a valuation allowance arising from expiration dates when considered in conjunction with state limitation related to IRC Section 382. Our state net operating loss carryovers will expire in 1 to 20 years. During fiscal 2021, we reversed $3.0 million in valuation allowance against our state net operating losses. Based on our taxable income for 2021 in the states where we have net operating loss carryforwards, we believe we will be able to utilize this amount of state net operating losses that were previously reserved by this valuation allowance. We file U.S. federal and state income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations and may be subject to audit based on periods that are not limited by applicable statutes. Our U.S. federal income tax returns for tax years 2019, 2020 and 2021 remain subject to audit under the federal statute of limitations. Our auditable state income tax returns vary depending on the jurisdiction and its applicable statute of limitations.
Although we believe our estimates are reasonable in the carrying value of our valuation allowances against our deferred tax items, the ultimate determination of the appropriate amounts of valuation allowance involves significant judgement.
Assessing our Deferred Tax Assets
Quarterly, we assess the carrying value of our deferred tax assets for impairment by evaluating the weight of available evidence at the end of each fiscal quarter. In our evaluation of the weight of available evidence at the end of fiscal 2022, we considered the recent reported income in the current year, as well as the reported income for 2021 and 2020, which resulted in a three-year cumulative income situation as positive evidence which carried substantial weight. While this was substantial, it was not the only evidence we evaluated. We also considered evidence related to the four sources of taxable income, to determine whether such positive evidence outweighed the negative evidence. The evidence considered included:
•future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;
•future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;
•taxable income in prior carryback years, if carryback is permitted under the tax law; and
•tax planning strategies.
In addition to the positive evidence discussed above, we considered as positive evidence forecasted future taxable income, the future timing of the reversal of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the evidence from business and tax planning strategies. At the end of fiscal 2022 and 2021, in our evaluation of the weight of available evidence, we concluded that our deferred tax assets were not impaired other than $4.1 million of the state net operating losses.