false Q1 false false false false 0000716314--03-31 One Year P1Y.333 P3Y 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2021 2022 2023 2024 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 http://fasb.org/srt/2025#ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:PerformanceVestOneThirdPerYearPercentageMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-10-13 0000716314 ghm:HSBCBankUSAMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember srt:MaximumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 ghm:BacklogMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:DefenseMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember srt:MaximumMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 srt:MaximumMember us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember srt:MinimumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:PerformanceVestOneThirdPerYearPercentageMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:MiddleEastMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2026-01-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:SpaceMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:DirectorMember ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:SouthAmericaMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:TradeNamesMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:BaseRateMember srt:MinimumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:BaseRateMember srt:MaximumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TradeNamesMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:DirectorMember ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:StockCompensationPriorPlanMember ghm:TwoThousandIncentivePlanMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:ForeignCountryMember us-gaap:MinistryOfFinanceIndiaMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 2024-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:SpaceMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:DirectorMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember srt:MinimumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember ghm:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetActuarialGainLossesMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:BaseRateMember ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:EnergyAndProcessMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:EnergyAndProcessMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:AllOtherCountriesMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:AsiaMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 country:US 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:MisconductEmployeesMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:GoodwillMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember srt:MaximumMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:SouthAmericaMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:TimeVestOneThirdPerYearPercentageMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TradeNamesMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:NewRevolvingCreditFacilityMember srt:MaximumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:MaximumMember ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:DirectorMember ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:DefenseMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:BacklogMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:StockCompensationPlanMember srt:MaximumMember ghm:TwoThousandIncentivePlanMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember ghm:TwoThousandIncentivePlanMember 2020-08-11 2020-08-11 0000716314 us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:GoodwillMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 ghm:ChinaCiticBankCoLtdMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:DomesticCountryMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:CustomerDepositsMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:MiddleEastMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 country:CA 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:DirectorMember ghm:PerformanceVestedPerformanceStockUnitsPsuMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:TradeNamesMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:MaximumMember ghm:TechnologyAndTechnicalKnowHowMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:TimeVestOneThirdPerYearPercentageMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2025-08-04 0000716314 ghm:EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2024-03-31 0000716314 country:US 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember srt:MinimumMember us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 country:CA 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:GoodwillMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 ghm:AxisBankMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 2026-01-01 srt:MaximumMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember ghm:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetActuarialGainLossesMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 us-gaap:ForeignCountryMember us-gaap:StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 2025-01-01 srt:MaximumMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:CustomerDepositsMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:AllOtherCountriesMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap:LetterOfCreditMember 2023-10-13 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 ghm:OfficersAndKeyEmployeesMember ghm:TimeVestedRestrictedStockUnitsRsusMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 ghm:EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-06-30 0000716314 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 srt:MaximumMember 2023-10-13 2023-10-13 0000716314 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 srt:MinimumMember us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember 2024-04-01 2025-03-31 0000716314 srt:AsiaMember 2025-04-01 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2025-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2024-04-01 2024-06-30 0000716314 us-gaap:GoodwillMember 2025-03-31 0000716314 2026-01-01 srt:MinimumMember 2025-06-30 iso4217:USD xbrli:shares xbrli:pure ghm:Segment xbrli:shares iso4217:CNY iso4217:USD

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ___________

Commission File Number 001-08462

GRAHAM CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 16-1194720
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York | 14020
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

585-343-2216

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.10 Per Share |  | GHM |  | NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 4, 2025, there were outstanding 10,975,874 s hares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.10 per share.

Graham Corporation and Subsidiaries

Index to Form 10-Q

As of June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 and for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

|  | Page
Part I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 27
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 28
Part II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 29
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 29
Item 6. | Exhibits | 30
Signatures | 31

2

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

JUNE 30, 2025

PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Con solidated Financial Statements

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS O F OPERATIONS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net sales |  | $ | 55,487 |  |  | $ | 49,951 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 40,766 |  |  |  | 37,583 |
Gross profit |  |  | 14,721 |  |  |  | 12,368 |
Other operating expenses and income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 9,397 |  |  |  | 8,838 |
Selling, general and administrative – amortization |  |  | 436 |  |  |  | 436 |
Other operating income |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (130 | )
Operating income |  |  | 4,964 |  |  |  | 3,224 |
Other expense, net |  |  | 128 |  |  |  | 91 |
Interest income, net |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (161 | )
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  | 5,013 |  |  |  | 3,294 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 328 |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Per share data |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 10,927 |  |  |  | 10,862 |
Diluted |  |  | 11,033 |  |  |  | 10,958 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM ENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Other comprehensive (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | (28 | )
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans net of income tax expense of $48 and $45, respectively |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | 150 |
Total other comprehensive (expense) income |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | 122 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 4,807 |  |  | $ | 3,088 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | March 31, 2025 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,753 |  |  | $ | 21,577 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances ($655 and $630 at June 30 and March 31, 2025, respectively) |  |  | 34,665 |  |  |  | 35,507 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  | 39,357 |  |  |  | 38,494 |
Inventories |  |  | 37,386 |  |  |  | 40,025 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 4,055 |  |  |  | 4,249 |
Income taxes receivable |  |  | 1,307 |  |  |  | 1,520 |
Total current assets |  |  | 127,523 |  |  |  | 141,372 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 53,338 |  |  |  | 50,649 |
Prepaid pension asset |  |  | 5,985 |  |  |  | 5,950 |
Operating lease assets |  |  | 6,191 |  |  |  | 6,386 |
Goodwill |  |  | 25,520 |  |  |  | 25,520 |
Customer relationships, net |  |  | 12,874 |  |  |  | 13,159 |
Technology and technical know-how, net |  |  | 10,121 |  |  |  | 10,310 |
Tradenames, net |  |  | 6,833 |  |  |  | 6,858 |
Deferred income tax asset |  |  | 1,371 |  |  |  | 1,502 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,583 |  |  |  | 2,404 |
Total assets |  | $ | 252,339 |  |  | $ | 264,110 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of finance lease obligations |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 21 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 20,694 |  |  |  | 27,309 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 12,066 |  |  |  | 19,161 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 4,114 |  |  |  | 4,322 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 82,801 |  |  |  | 84,062 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,362 |  |  |  | 1,275 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 121,059 |  |  |  | 136,150 |
Finance lease obligations |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 44 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 5,244 |  |  |  | 5,514 |
Deferred income tax liability |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | — |
Accrued pension and postretirement benefit liabilities |  |  | 1,192 |  |  |  | 1,192 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 1,307 |  |  |  | 1,633 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 128,955 |  |  |  | 144,533 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 500 shares authorized |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 25,500 shares authorized, 11,150 and 11,077 shares issued and 10,976 and 10,903 shares outstanding at June 30 and March 31, 2025, respectively |  |  | 1,114 |  |  |  | 1,107 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 33,609 |  |  |  | 34,616 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 98,824 |  |  |  | 94,229 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (6,775 | ) |  |  | (6,987 | )
Treasury stock (174 shares at June 30 and March 31, 2025) |  |  | (3,388 | ) |  |  | (3,388 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 123,384 |  |  |  | 119,577 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 252,339 |  |  | $ | 264,110 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | 857 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 554 |
Amortization of actuarial losses |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 195 |
Equity-based compensation expense |  |  | 532 |  |  |  | 344 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (130 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 99 |
(Increase) decrease in operating assets, net of acquisition: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 839 |  |  |  | 7,611 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  | (865 | ) |  |  | (12,023 | )
Inventories |  |  | 2,642 |  |  |  | 647 |
Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | (926 | )
Income taxes receivable |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease assets |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 321 |
Prepaid pension asset |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (58 | )
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities, net of acquisition: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | (3,322 | ) |  |  | (909 | )
Accrued compensation, accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities |  |  | (7,266 | ) |  |  | (6,380 | )
Customer deposits |  |  | (1,265 | ) |  |  | 15,672 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 182 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (319 | ) |  |  | (310 | )
Long-term portion of accrued compensation, accrued pension and postretirement benefit liabilities |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 4 |
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities |  |  | (2,259 | ) |  |  | 8,716 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (7,004 | ) |  |  | (2,978 | )
Acquisition of P3 Technologies, LLC |  |  | — |  |  |  | (170 | )
Net cash used by investing activities |  |  | (7,004 | ) |  |  | (3,148 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings of debt obligations |  |  | 6,000 |  |  |  | — |
Principal repayments on debt |  |  | (6,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Repayments on financing lease obligations |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (79 | )
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of restricted stock units and awards |  |  | (1,532 | ) |  |  | (810 | )
Net cash used by financing activities |  |  | (1,614 | ) |  |  | (889 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (10,824 | ) |  |  | 4,672 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 21,577 |  |  |  | 16,939 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 10,753 |  |  | $ | 21,611 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  |  |  |  | Par |  |  | Excess of |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance at April 1, 2025 |  |  | 11,077 |  |  | $ | 1,107 |  |  | $ | 34,616 |  |  | $ | 94,229 |  |  | $ | (6,987 | ) |  | $ | (3,388 | ) |  | $ | 119,577 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,595 |  |  |  | 212 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,807 |
Stock awards vested, net of tax withholding |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (1,539 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,532 | )
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 532 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 532 |
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 11,150 |  |  | $ | 1,114 |  |  | $ | 33,609 |  |  | $ | 98,824 |  |  | $ | (6,775 | ) |  | $ | (3,388 | ) |  | $ | 123,384 |

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  |  |  |  | Par |  |  | Excess of |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance at April 1, 2024 |  |  | 10,993 |  |  | $ | 1,099 |  |  | $ | 32,015 |  |  | $ | 81,999 |  |  | $ | (7,013 | ) |  | $ | (2,534 | ) |  | $ | 105,566 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,966 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,088 |
Stock awards vested |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Recognition of equity-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 344 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 344 |
Tax withholdings related to settlements of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (810 | ) |  |  | (810 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 11,043 |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  | $ | 32,354 |  |  | $ | 84,965 |  |  | $ | (6,891 | ) |  | $ | (3,344 | ) |  | $ | 108,188 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

GRAHAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION:

Graham Corporation's (the "Company's") Unaudited Condensed Consolidated ("Condensed Consolidated") Financial Statements include its wholly-owned subsidiaries located in Arvada, Colorado, Jupiter, Florida, Suzhou, China and Ahmedabad, India at June 30 and March 31, 2025. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X, each as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 presented herein was derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025. For additional information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 ("fiscal 2025"). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair presentation, have been included in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company reviewed and evaluated subsequent events through the issuance date of the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company's results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the current fiscal year, which ends March 31, 2026 ("fiscal 2026").

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION:

The Company recognizes revenue on contracts when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the product to the customer. For contracts in which revenue is recognized upon shipment, control is generally transferred when products are shipped, title is transferred, significant risks of ownership have transferred, the Company has rights to payment, and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. For contracts in which revenue is recognized over time, control is generally transferred as the Company creates an asset that does not have an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the performance completed to date.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by product line and geographic area:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
Market |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Defense |  | $ | 29,535 |  |  | $ | 29,094 |
Energy & Process |  |  | 22,574 |  |  |  | 16,910 |
Space |  |  | 3,378 |  |  |  | 3,947 |
Net sales |  | $ | 55,487 |  |  | $ | 49,951 |
Geographic Region |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia |  | $ | 3,283 |  |  | $ | 5,304 |
Canada |  |  | 3,510 |  |  |  | 996 |
Middle East |  |  | 1,346 |  |  |  | 983 |
South America |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 55 |
U.S. |  |  | 46,322 |  |  |  | 40,930 |
All other |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | 1,683 |
Net sales |  | $ | 55,487 |  |  | $ | 49,951 |

A performance obligation represents a promise in a contract to provide a distinct good or service to a customer. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Transaction price reflects the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferred products. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied. In certain

8

cases, the Company may separate a contract into more than one performance obligation, while in other cases, several products may be part of a fully integrated solution and are bundled into a single performance obligation. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods underlying each performance obligation. The Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of the contract price all taxes assessed by government authorities that are collected by the Company from its customers. The Company does not adjust the contract price for the effects of a financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when a product is transferred to a customer and when the customer pays for the product will be one year or less. Shipping and handling fees billed to the customer are recorded in revenue and the related costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold.

The Company recognizes revenue over time when contract performance results in the creation of a product for which the Company does not have an alternative use and the contract includes an enforceable right to payment in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the performance completed. To measure progress towards completion on performance obligations for which revenue is recognized over time the Company utilizes an input method based upon a ratio of direct labor hours incurred to date to management’s estimate of the total labor hours to be incurred on each contract, an input method based upon a ratio of total contract costs incurred to date to management’s estimate of the total contract costs to be incurred or an output method based upon completion of operational milestones, depending upon the nature of the contract. The Company has established the systems and procedures essential to developing the estimates required to account for performance obligations over time. These procedures include monthly review by management of costs incurred, progress towards completion, identified risks and opportunities, sourcing determinations, changes in estimates of costs yet to be incurred, availability of materials, and execution by subcontractors. Sales and earnings are adjusted in current accounting periods based on revisions in the contract value due to pricing changes and estimated costs at completion. Losses on contracts are recognized immediately when evident to management. Revenue on the majority of the Company's contracts, as measured by number of contracts, is recognized upon shipment to the customer. Revenue on larger contracts, which are fewer in number but represent the majority of revenue, is recognized over time. The following table presents the Company's revenue percentages disaggregated by revenue recognized over time or upon shipment:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenue recognized over time |  |  | 80 | % |  |  | 82 | %
Revenue recognized at shipment |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 18 | %

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections affect trade accounts receivable, unbilled revenue (contract assets) and customer deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unbilled revenue represents revenue on contracts that is recognized over time and exceeds the amount that has been billed to the customer. Unbilled revenue is separately presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company may have an unconditional right to payment upon billing and prior to satisfying the performance obligations. The Company will then record a contract liability and an offsetting asset of equal amount until the deposit is collected and the performance obligations are satisfied. Customer deposits are separately presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Customer deposits are not considered a significant financing component as they are generally received less than one year before the product is completed or used to procure specific material on a contract, as well as related overhead costs incurred during design and construction.

Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | Change |  |  |  | Change due to revenue recognized |  |  | Change due to invoicing customers/ additional deposits |
Unbilled revenue - contract assets |  | $ | 39,357 |  |  | $ | 38,494 |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  |  | $ | 22,403 |  |  | $ | (21,540 | )
Customer deposits - contract liabilities |  |  | (82,801 | ) |  |  | (84,062 | ) |  |  | 1,261 |  |  |  |  | 24,297 |  |  |  | (23,036 | )
Net contract (liabilities) assets |  | $ | (43,444 | ) |  | $ | (45,568 | ) |  | $ | 2,124 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Contract liabilities at June 30 and March 31, 2025 include $10,997 and $12,315, respectively, of customer deposits for which the Company has an unconditional right to collect payment. Trade accounts receivable, as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, includes corresponding balances at June 30 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

9

Receivables billed but not paid under retainage provisions in the Company’s customer contracts were $1,959 and $1,999 at June 30 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

The Company’s remaining unsatisfied performance obligations represent a measure of the total dollar value of work to be performed on contracts awarded and in progress. The Company also refers to this measure as backlog. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had remaining unsatisfied performance obligations of $482,860. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 35% to 40% of the remaining performance obligations within one year, 25% to 30% in one to two years and the remaining beyond two years.

NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES:

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the average cost method.

Major classifications of inventories are as follows:

|  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2025 |
Raw materials and supplies |  | $ | 5,806 |  |  | $ | 5,859 |
Work in process |  |  | 30,069 |  |  |  | 32,579 |
Finished products |  |  | 1,511 |  |  |  | 1,587 |
Total |  | $ | 37,386 |  |  | $ | 40,025 |

NOTE 4 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

Intangible assets are comprised of the following:

| Weighted Average Amortization Period |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
At June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | 8 - 20 years |  | $ | 16,200 |  |  | $ | 3,326 |  |  | $ | 12,874 |
Technology and technical know-how | 10 - 20 years |  |  | 12,600 |  |  |  | 2,479 |  |  |  | 10,121 |
Tradename | 3 years |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 133 |
|  |  | $ | 29,100 |  |  | $ | 5,972 |  |  | $ | 23,128 |
Intangibles not subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | Indefinite |  | $ | 25,520 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,520 |
Tradename | Indefinite |  |  | 6,700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,700 |
|  |  | $ | 32,220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,220 |

10

| Weighted Average Amortization Period |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
At March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangibles subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | 8 - 20 years |  | $ | 16,200 |  |  | $ | 3,041 |  |  | $ | 13,159 |
Technology and technical know-how | 10 - 20 years |  |  | 12,600 |  |  |  | 2,290 |  |  |  | 10,310 |
Backlog | 4 years |  |  | 3,900 |  |  |  | 3,900 |  |  |  | — |
Tradename | 3 years |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 158 |
|  |  | $ | 33,000 |  |  | $ | 9,373 |  |  | $ | 23,627 |
Intangibles not subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | Indefinite |  | $ | 25,520 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,520 |
Tradename | Indefinite |  |  | 6,700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,700 |
|  |  | $ | 32,220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,220 |

Intangible amortization was $499 and $554 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The estimated annual amortization expense by fiscal year is as follows:

|  | Annual Amortization |
Remainder of 2026 |  | $ | 1,496 |
2027 |  |  | 1,953 |
2028 |  |  | 1,895 |
2029 |  |  | 1,895 |
2030 |  |  | 1,895 |
2031 and thereafter |  |  | 13,994 |
Total intangible amortization |  | $ | 23,128 |

NOTE 5 – EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION:

The 2020 Graham Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the "2020 Plan") provides for the issuance of 722 shares of common stock in connection with grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units and stock awards to officers, key employees and outside directors, including 112 shares that became available under the 2020 Plan from the Company’s prior plan, the Amended and Restated 2000 Graham Corporation Incentive Plan to Increase Shareholder Value (the "2000 Plan"). As of August 11, 2020, the effective date of the 2020 Plan, no further awards will be granted under the 2000 Plan.

The following grants of time-vesting restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance-vesting restricted stock units ("PSUs") were awarded during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

|  | Vest 100% on First |  |  | Vest One-Third Per Year |  |  | Vest 100% on Third |  |  |
|  | Anniversary (1) |  |  | Over Three-Year Term (1) |  |  | Anniversary (1) |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Officers and |  |  | Officers and |  |  | Total Shares
Three months ended June 30, |  | Directors |  |  | Key Employees |  |  | Key Employees |  |  | Awarded
2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time Vesting RSUs |  | 10 |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 27
Performance Vesting PSUs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | 42
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time Vesting RSUs |  | 18 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 55
Performance Vesting PSUs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | 62

(1)
Subject to the terms of the applicable award.

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the "ESPP"), which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a discount of up to 15% of its fair market value on the lower of the last or first day of the six-month offering period. As of June 30, 2025, a total of 100 shares of common stock remain available to be purchased under the ESPP.

11

The Company has recognized equity based compensation costs, which are primarily included in selling, general and administrative costs, as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Restricted stock awards |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | 288 |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 29 |
|  | $ | 532 |  |  | $ | 344 |
Income tax benefit recognized |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 79 |

NOTE 6 – INCOME PER SHARE:

Basic income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and, when applicable, potential common shares outstanding during the period. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted income per share is presented below:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Basic income per share |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 10,927 |  |  |  | 10,862 |
Basic income per share |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Diluted income per share |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 10,927 |  |  |  | 10,862 |
Restricted stock units outstanding |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 96 |
Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding |  |  | 11,033 |  |  |  | 10,958 |
Diluted income per share |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |

NOTE 7 – PRODUCT WARRANTY LIABILITY:

The reconciliation of the changes in the product warranty liability is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 786 |  |  | $ | 806 |
(Income) expense for product warranties |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 23 |
Product warranty claims paid |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (127 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 731 |  |  | $ | 702 |

The product warranty liability is included in the line item accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

12

NOTE 8 – CASH FLOW STATEMENT:

Interest and income taxes paid as well as non-cash investing and financing activities are as follows:

|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Interest paid |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 51 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 46 |
Capital purchases recorded in accounts payable |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 423 |

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

The Company has been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos allegedly contained in, or accompanying, products made by the Company. The Company is a co-defendant with numerous other defendants in these lawsuits and intends to vigorously defend itself against these claims. The claims in the Company’s current lawsuits are similar to those made in previous asbestos-related suits that named the Company as a defendant, which either were dismissed when it was shown that the Company had not supplied products to the plaintiffs’ places of work or were settled for immaterial amounts. The Company believes that the resolution of these asbestos-related lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. However, legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these asbestos-related lawsuits could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial position and the results of operations.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, with the assistance of external counsel and forensic professionals, concluded an investigation into a whistleblower complaint received regarding its wholly-owned subsidiary Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL"). The investigation identified evidence supporting the complaint and other misconduct by employees. The other misconduct totaled $150 over a period of four years and was isolated to GIPL. All involved employees have been terminated and the Company has implemented remedial actions, including strengthening its compliance program and internal controls. As a result of the investigation, during the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the statutory auditor and bookkeeper of GIPL tendered their resignations and new firms were appointed. The Company has voluntarily reported the findings of its investigation to the appropriate authorities in India, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Securities and Exchange Commission and will continue to cooperate with those authorities. Although the resolutions of these matters are inherently uncertain, we do not believe any remaining impact will be material to the Company’s overall consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company was subject to the claims noted above, as well as other potential claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of the lawsuits, legal proceedings or potential claims to which the Company is, or may become, a party to cannot be determined and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made for the majority of the claims, management does not believe that the outcomes, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

The Company previously entered into operating leases with Ascent Properties Group, LLC, a limited liability company of which our Executive Chairman holds a majority interest, for two building lease agreements and two equipment lease agreements in Arvada, Colorado. In connection with such leases, the Company made fixed minimum lease payments to the lessor of $252 and $247 during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is obligated to make payments of $757 d uring the remainder of fiscal 2026. Future fixed minimum lease payments under these leases as of June 30, 2025 are $4,544.

NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES:

The Company files federal and state income tax returns in several domestic and international jurisdictions. In most tax jurisdictions, returns are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities for a number of years after the returns have been filed. The Company is subject to U.S. federal examination for the tax years 2021 through 2024 and examination in state tax jurisdictions for the tax years 2020 through 2024. The Company is subject to examination in the People’s Republic of China for tax years 2021 through 2024 and in India for tax years 2021 through 2024.

There was no liability for unrecognized tax benefits at either June 30, 2025 or March 31, 2025.

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including discrete items, changes in the mix and amount of pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws and foreign tax holidays, business reorganizations, settlements with taxing authorities and foreign currency fluctuations. In addition, the Company continues to explore tax planning opportunities that may have a material impact on its effective

13

tax rate. The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2026 was 8.3% on $5,013 of income before taxes compared to 10% on $3,294 of income before taxes for the same period in fiscal 2025. The difference between the Company's effective tax rates was primarily due to increased discrete tax benefits recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 related to the vesting of restricted stock awards and the Company's improved stock price over the last year.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB"), enacting a broad range of tax reform provisions, including extending and modifying certain domestic and international Tax Cut & Jobs Act provisions and expanding certain Inflation Reduction Act incentives while accelerating the phase-out of others. Only certain provisions will have current-year financial reporting implications due to varying effective dates and discretionary elections. The Company is currently analyzing the OBBB but does not anticipate a material impact to the consolidated financial statements or effective tax rate.

NOTE 11 – CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

|  | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Items |  |  | Foreign Currency Items |  |  | Total |
Balance at April 1, 2025 |  | $ | (6,671 | ) |  | $ | (316 | ) |  | $ | (6,987 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 162 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 212 |
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  | $ | (6,509 | ) |  | $ | (266 | ) |  | $ | (6,775 | )

|  | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Items |  |  | Foreign Currency Items |  |  | Total |
Balance at April 1, 2024 |  | $ | (6,776 | ) |  | $ | (237 | ) |  | $ | (7,013 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (28 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | 122 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | $ | (6,626 | ) |  | $ | (265 | ) |  | $ | (6,891 | )

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components |  | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Pension and other postretirement benefit items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  | $ | 210 |  | (1) |  | $ | 195 |  | (1) |  | Income before benefit for income taxes
Tax effect |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | Provision for income taxes
|  | $ | 162 |  |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  |  | Net income

(1)
These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included within the computation of pension and other postretirement benefit costs.

NOTE 12 – DEBT:

On October 13, 2023, the Company entered into a new five-year revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") that provides a $50,000 line of credit (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). The Revolving Credit Facility has

14

a $25,000 sub-limit for letters of credit. As of June 30, 2025, there was $0 borrowed and $5,746 letters of credit outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, as well as financial covenants for the benefit of Wells Fargo, which require the Company to maintain (i) a consolidated total leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50:1.00 and (ii) a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.20:1.00, in both cases computed in accordance with the definitions and requirements specified in the Revolving Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Revolving Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") for the applicable interest period, subject to a floor of 0.0% per annum or (ii) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the rate of interest per annum publicly announced by the Lender as its prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% per annum and (c) one-month term SOFR plus 1.00% per annum, subject to a floor of 1.00% per annum, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margins range between (i) 1.25% per annum and 2.50% per annum in the case of any term SOFR loan and (ii) 0.25% per annum and 1.50% per annum in the case of any base rate loan, in each case based upon the Company’s then-current consolidated total leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2025, the SOFR rate was 4.45%.

The Company is required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility during the applicable quarter at a per annum rate also determined by reference to the Company’s then-current consolidated total leverage ratio, which fee ranges between 0.10% per annum and 0.20% per annum. Any outstanding letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility will bear a fee equal to the daily amount drawn under such letters of credit multiplied by the applicable margin for term SOFR loans. As of June 30, 2025, the amount available under the Revolving Credit Facility was $44,254, subject to the interest and leverage covenants.

As of June 30, 2025, $3,596 letters of credit are outstanding with HSBC Bank USA, N.A and are cash secured. These outstanding letters of credit are subject to a fee of between 0.75% and 0.85% per annum, depending on the term of the letter of credit. As of June 30, 2025, $248 letters of credit are outstanding with Axis Bank and are cash secured. Additionally, we have a 20,000 RMB bank guaranty line of credit with China Citic Bank Co. LTD which had $1,058 letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2025. Outstanding letters of credit under this agreement are subject to a fee of 0.60% per annum.

Total letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 were $10,648 and $10,997, respectively.

NOTE 13 – SEGMENT INFORMATION:

The Company has one reporting segment as its operating segments meet the requirements for aggregation. The Company and its operating subsidiaries design and manufacture mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the Defense, Energy & Process, and Space industries. The Company also services and sells spare parts for its equipment. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") has been identified as its Chief Executive Officer who evaluates performance on an operating segment basis, as well as a consolidated basis, based on Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP measure. This measure is used by our CODM, management, our Board of Directors, investors, lenders and other external users of our financial statements to assess our operating performance and to compare operating performance to other companies in our industry. In addition, our CODM believes Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure to assess the earnings power of the business without the impact of capital structure and can be used to assess our ability to fund future capital expenditures in the business.

The following table provides our results as a reconciliation from consolidated Net income to our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Acquisition & integration income, net |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (93 | )
Equity-based compensation |  |  | 532 |  |  |  | 344 |
ERP implementation costs |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 342 |
Net interest income |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (161 | )
Income tax expense |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 328 |
Depreciation & amortization |  |  | 1,523 |  |  |  | 1,411 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 6,838 |  |  | $ | 5,137 |

NOTE 14 – ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING CHANGES:

15

In the normal course of business, management evaluates all new Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") and other accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), Securities and Exchange Commission, or other authoritative accounting bodies to determine the potential impact they may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Other than those discussed below, management does not expect any of the recently issued accounting pronouncements, which have not already been adopted, to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740)-Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires additional quantitative and qualitative income tax disclosures to allow readers of the consolidated financial statements to assess how the Company’s operations, related tax risks and tax planning affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” This ASU requires public business entities to disclose, for interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain income statement expense categories. The requirements are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Entities are permitted to apply either the prospective or retrospective transition methods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

16

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Overview

We are a global leader in the design and manufacture of mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the Defense, Energy & Process, and Space industries. We design and manufacture custom-engineered vacuum, heat transfer, cryogenic pump and turbomachinery technologies. For the Defense industry, our equipment is used in nuclear and non-nuclear propulsion, power, fluid transfer, and thermal management systems. For the Energy & Process industries we supply equipment for vacuum, heat transfer and fluid transfer applications used in oil refining, downstream chemical facilities, fertilizers, ethylene, methanol, edible oil, food & beverage, pulp & paper, and multiple alternative energy applications such as hydrogen, small modular nuclear, concentrated solar, lithium extraction, and geothermal processes. For the Space industry, our equipment is used in propulsion, power and thermal management systems, and for life support systems.

Our brands are built upon engineering expertise and close customer collaboration to design, develop, and produce mission critical equipment and systems that enable our customers to meet their economic and operational objectives. Continual improvement of our processes and systems to ensure qualified and compliant equipment are hallmarks of our brand. Our early engagement with customers and support until the end of service life are values upon which our brands are built.

Our corporate headquarters is located with our production facilities in Batavia, NY, where surface condensers and ejectors are designed, engineered, and manufactured for the Defense and Energy & Process industries. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Barber-Nichols, LLC ("BN"), based in Arvada, CO, designs, develops, manufactures, and sells specialty turbomachinery products for the Space, Aerospace, Cryogenic, Defense, and Energy markets. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, P3 Technologies, LLC ("P3"), located in Jupiter, FL is a custom turbomachinery engineering, product development, and manufacturing business that serves the Space, New Energy, Defense, and Medical industries. P3 is managed through BN and is highly complementary to BN's technology and enhances its turbomachinery solutions. We also have wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Graham Vacuum and Heat Transfer Technology Co., Ltd. ("GVHTT"), located in Suzhou, China and Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL"), located in Ahmedabad and Pune, India. GVHTT provides sales and engineering support for us throughout Southeast Asia. GIPL provides sales and engineering support for us in India and the Middle East.

Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each year. We refer to our fiscal year, which ends March 31, 2026, as fiscal 2026. Likewise, we refer to our fiscal year that ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 as fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

Summary

Highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2025 include:

•
Net sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $55,487, up $5,536, or 11% compared with the first quarter of fiscal 2025 reflecting the strength of our diversified revenue base. The increase over the prior year was due to a $5,664 or 33% increase in sales to the Energy & Process industry due to the Chemical/Petrochemical and New Energy markets, as well as increased aftermarket sales. The increase in Chemical/Petrochemical sales was primarily due to a surface condenser order for a North American net-zero carbon emissions ethylene cracker received in June 2024, while the increase in New Energy sales was driven by increased sales to the hydrogen and small modular nuclear reactor ("SMR") markets. Aftermarket sales to the Energy & Process and Defense markets of $10,410 remained strong and represented a 33% increase over the fiscal 2025 first quarter.
•
Gross profit and margin for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 was $14,721 and 26.5%, respectively. The 170 basis point improvement in gross profit margin over the comparable period of fiscal 2025 reflected increased leverage on fixed overhead costs due to the higher volume of sales discussed above, as well as an improved mix of sales related to higher margin aftermarket sales, and better execution and pricing on defense contracts. For the first quarter of fiscal 2026, the impact of tariffs was not material to our consolidated financial statements in comparison to the prior year. However, we still estimate the range of potential impact of increased tariffs for the full year to be between $2,000 to $5,000.
•
Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A"), including intangible amortization, for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 increased $559, or 6%, over the same period of fiscal 2025. This increase reflects the investments we are making in our operations, our employees, and our technology, as well as continued cost discipline as SG&A costs represented 17.7% of sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to 18.6% in fiscal 2025. In connection with the acquisition of BN, we entered into a Performance Bonus Agreement to provide employees of BN with a supplemental performance-based award based on the achievement of BN performance objectives for fiscal 2024, 2025, and 2026, which can range between $2,000 to $4,000 per year (the "BN Performance Bonus"). During the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and 2026, we recorded $1,076 related to the BN Performance Bonus inclusive of applicable payroll taxes.

17

•
Net income and income per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $4,595 and $0.42 per share, respectively, compared to net income and income per diluted share of $2,966 and $0.27 per share, respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $4,938 and $0.45 per share, respectively, compared with adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share of $3,584 and $0.33 per share, respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 2025, an increase of 38% and 36%, respectively. See "Non-GAAP Measures" below for a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to the comparable GAAP amount.
•
Orders booked in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $125,898. As a result, backlog increased $70,525 during the quarter to $482,860 at June 30, 2025. Orders for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 included $86,500 of follow-on orders to support the U.S. Navy's Virginia Class Submarine program, and strong aftermarket orders for the Energy & Process and Defense markets, which increased 16% to $10,491 compared with the prior year. Note that our orders tend to be lumpy given the nature of our business (i.e. large capital projects) and in particular, orders to the Defense industry, which span multiple years and can be significantly larger in size. For the first quarter of fiscal 2026, our book-to-bill ratio was 2.3x. For additional information on this key performance indicator see "Orders, Backlog, and Book-to-Bill Ratio" below.
•
In July 2025 we received a $25,500 follow-on order to provide mission-critical hardware for the MK48 Mod 7 Heavyweight Torpedo, which we believe supports our position as a trusted supplier to the U.S. Navy and allied defense programs.
•
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2025 were $10,753, compared with $21,577 at March 31, 2025. This decrease, as expected, was primarily due to cash used by operating activities of $2,259 and $7,004 of capital expenditures as we continue to invest in process improvement and longer-term growth opportunities. Cash flow used by operations during the fiscal 2026 first quarter was primarily driven by the payment of fiscal 2025 bonuses during the quarter, including the BN Performance Bonus of $4,300, partially offset by cash net income.
•
In February 2025, we announced a leadership change to provide for executive succession, strengthen our core leadership team, and support continued growth. As part of our established succession plan, CEO, Daniel J. Thoren transitioned to Executive Chairman and Strategic Advisor effective June 10, 2025. With this change, Jonathan W. Painter, Chairman of the Board of Directors, transitioned to Lead Independent Director. Additionally, Matthew J. Malone assumed the CEO role of Graham Corporation and Michael E. Dixon, assumed the role of Vice President of Graham Corporation and General Manager of BN in June 2025.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements for purposes of this Form 10-Q. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any future results implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are indicated by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "can," "may," "intend," "expect," "plan," "goal," "predict," "project," "outlook," "potential," "will," and similar words and expressions.

Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause our actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, those described in the "Risk Factors" section in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 and elsewhere in the reports we file with the SEC. Undue reliance should not be placed on our forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time and we cannot predict these events or how they may affect us and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on our forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. When considering these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained in this report and any documents incorporated herein by reference. You should read this document and the documents that we reference in this Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q are made only as of the date indicated or as of the date of this Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or announce any revisions to forward-looking statements contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Current Market Conditions

We have updated our end market disclosures to better align with how management evaluates the business and product portfolio. As part of this change, revenue previously classified as Refining, Chemical/Petrochemical, and Other, which included New Energy

18

product sales, will now be consolidated into one market, which has been renamed “Energy & Process.” The Defense and Space end market classifications remain unchanged. Prior period amounts have been updated to reflect this change.

Defense - Demand for our equipment and systems for the Defense industry is expected to remain strong and continue to expand, based on Defense budget plans, accelerated ship build schedules due to geopolitical tensions, the projected build schedule of submarines, aircraft carriers and undersea propulsion and power systems, and the solutions we provide. We also don't believe that changes made by the new U.S. presidential administration will materially impact our Defense business. In addition to U.S. Navy applications, we also provide specialty pumps, turbines, compressors, and controllers for various fluid and thermal management systems used in Department of Defense radar, laser, electronics, and power systems. We have built a leading position, and in most instances a sole source position, for certain systems and equipment for the Defense industry.

Energy & Process - Our traditional Energy markets are undergoing significant transition. While we expect that fossil fuels will continue to be an important component in the global Energy industry for many years to come, there are significant changes in the priorities for capital investments by our customers and the regions in which those investments are being made. We expect that the systemic changes in the Energy markets, which are influenced by the increasing use by consumers of alternative fuels and government policies to stimulate their usage, will likely lead to demand growth for fossil-based fuels that is less than the global growth rate. Accordingly, we believe that in the near term the quantity of projects available for us to compete for will remain low and that new project pricing will remain challenging. Additionally, we believe that the majority of new capital investment orders in our traditional Energy markets will be outside the U.S., such as India and the Middle-East. Finally, over the last few years we have experienced an increase in our Energy & Process aftermarket orders primarily from the domestic market as our customers continue to maintain and invest in the facilities they currently operate. Although these orders remained strong in the first quarter of fiscal 2026, the recent decrease in oil prices combined with the economic uncertainty caused by the increase in tariffs may impact future order volumes.

Over the long-term, we expect that population growth, an expanding global middle class, and an increasing desire for improved quality of life and access to consumer products will drive increased demand for industrial goods within the plastics and resins value chain along with fertilizers and related Process markets. As such, we expect investment in new global process capacity will improve and drive growth in demand for our products and services.

The alternative and clean energy opportunities for our heat transfer, power production, and fluid transfer systems are expected to continue to grow. We assist in designing, developing, and producing equipment for hydrogen production, distribution and fueling systems, concentrated solar power and storage, lithium extraction, SMRs, bioenergy products, and geothermal power generation. As a result of increased energy demands driven by population growth, crypto-currency mining, and artificial intelligence ("AI") data centers, we have seen an increase in activity and orders related to SMRs which we expect to continue for the foreseeable future. We believe we are positioned to be a significant contributor as these markets continue to develop.

We intend to stay competitive in our traditional Energy & Process markets by investing in technology such as our NextGen™ steam ejector nozzle, which has been engineered to reduce steam consumption, lower operating costs, and increase system capacity, allowing refineries and process plants to enhance throughput while minimizing their carbon footprint. We estimate that the total market opportunity for our NextGen™ nozzle exceeds $50,000 over the next 5 to 10 years.

Space - Our turbomachinery, pumps, and cryogenic products and market access provide revenue and growth potential in the commercial Space/Aerospace markets. The commercial Space market has grown and evolved rapidly, and we provide rocket engine turbopump systems and components to many of the launch providers for satellites. We expect that in the long-term, extended space exploration will become more prevalent, and we anticipate that our thermal/fluid management and environmental control and life support system turbomachinery will play important roles. We are also participating in future aerospace power and propulsion system development through supply of fluid and thermal management systems components. Small, power dense systems are imperative for these applications, and we believe our technology and expertise will enable us to achieve sales growth in this market. Sales and orders to the Space industry are variable in nature and many of our customers, who are key players in the industry, have yet to achieve profitability and may be unable to continue operations without additional funding. As a result, future revenue and growth in this market can be uncertain and may negatively impact our business.

As illustrated below, we have succeeded over the last several years with our strategy to increase our participation in the Defense market, which comprised 87% of our total backlog at June 30, 2025.

19

*Note: "FYE" refers to fiscal year ended March 31. For additional information on this key performance indicator see "Orders, Backlog, and Book-to-Bill Ratio" below.

Results of Operations

To better understand the significant factors that influenced our performance during the periods presented, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated ("Condensed Consolidated") Financial Statements and the notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net sales |  | $ | 55,487 |  |  | $ | 49,951 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 14,721 |  |  | $ | 12,368 |
Gross profit margin |  |  | 26.5 | % |  |  | 24.8 | %
SG&A expenses |  | $ | 9,833 |  |  | $ | 9,274 |
SG&A as a percent of sales |  |  | 17.7 | % |  |  | 18.6 | %
Net income |  | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Income per diluted share |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |

The following tables provide our net sales by product line and geographic region including the percentage of total and change in comparison to the prior year for each category and period presented. Percentages may not sum to the total due to rounding:

20

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, |  |  | Change |
Market | 2025 |  | % |  |  | 2024 |  | % |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Defense | $ | 29,535 |  |  | 53 | % |  | $ | 29,094 |  |  | 58 | % |  | $ | 441 |  |  |  | 2 | %
Energy & Process |  | 22,574 |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 16,910 |  |  | 34 | % |  |  | 5,664 |  |  |  | 33 | %
Space |  | 3,378 |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 3,947 |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | (569 | ) |  |  | -14 | %
Net sales | $ | 55,487 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 49,951 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 5,536 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Geographic Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 46,322 |  |  | 83 | % |  | $ | 40,930 |  |  | 82 | % |  | $ | 5,392 |  |  |  | 13 | %
International |  | 9,165 |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 9,021 |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 2 | %
Net sales | $ | 55,487 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 49,951 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 5,536 |  |  |  | 11 | %

Net sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $55,487, up $5,536, or 11% compared with the first quarter of fiscal 2025 reflecting the strength of our diversified revenue base. The increase over the prior year was due to a $5,664 or 33% increase in sales to the Energy & Process industry due to the Chemical/Petrochemical and New Energy markets, as well as increased aftermarket sales. The increase in Chemical/Petrochemical sales was primarily due to a surface condenser order for a North American net-zero carbon emissions ethylene cracker received in June 2024, while the increase in New Energy sales was driven by increased sales to the hydrogen and SMR markets. Aftermarket sales to the Energy & Process and Defense markets of $10,410 remained strong and represented a 33% increase over the fiscal 2025 first quarter. Defense and Space sales remained strong and were relatively consistent with the prior year.

Domestic sales as a percentage of net sales increased to 83% in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared with 82% in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. These sales were primarily to the U.S. Defense market, which represented 53% of net sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026. Fluctuation in sales among markets, products and geographic locations varies, sometimes significantly, from quarter-to-quarter based on timing and magnitude of projects. See also "Current Market Conditions," above. For additional information on anticipated future sales and our markets, see "Orders, Backlog, and Book-to-Bill Ratio" below.

Gross profit and margin for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 was $14,721 and 26.5%, respectively. The 170 basis point improvement in gross profit margin over the comparable period of fiscal 2025 reflected increased leverage on fixed overhead costs due to the higher volume of sales discussed above, as well as an improved mix of sales related to higher margin aftermarket sales, and better execution and pricing on defense contracts.

For the first quarter of fiscal 2026, the impact of tariffs was not material to our consolidated financial statements in comparison to the prior year. However, we still estimate the range of potential impact of increased tariffs for the full year to be between $2,000 to $5,000.

Changes in SG&A expense, including amortization expense, for the three months ending June 30, 2025 versus the comparable prior year period is as follows:

|  | Change Q1 FY26 vs. Q1 FY25 |
Personnel costs |  | $ | 532 |
Performance-based compensation |  |  | 309 |
Professional fees |  |  | 155 |
Equity-based compensation |  |  | 279 |
ERP implementation costs |  |  | (319 | )
All other |  |  | (397 | )
Total SG&A change |  | $ | 559 |

The increase in SG&A expense reflects the investments we are making in our operations, our employees, and our technology, as well as continued cost discipline as SG&A costs represented 17.7% of sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to 18.6% in fiscal 2025. In connection with the acquisition of BN, we entered into a Performance Bonus Agreement to provide employees of BN with a supplemental performance-based award based on the achievement of BN performance objectives for fiscal 2024, 2025, and 2026, which can range between $2,000 to $4,000 per year. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and 2026, we recorded $1,076 related to the BN Performance Bonus inclusive of applicable payroll taxes. ERP implementation costs related to the new ERP system at our Batavia facility, which is expected to go live in the third quarter of fiscal 2026.

Net interest income for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 was $177 compared with $161 in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 primarily due to lower debt levels and higher cash balances.

21

Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 was 8.3%, compared with 10.0% in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. This decrease was primarily due to a higher discrete tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 related to the vesting of restricted stock awards and the Company's improved stock price in comparison to the prior year. Our expected effective tax rate for fiscal 2026 is 20% to 22%, as the impact of these discrete tax items on our effective tax rate will lessen over the course of the year.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB"), enacting a broad range of tax reform provisions, including extending and modifying certain domestic and international Tax Cut & Jobs Act provisions and expanding certain Inflation Reduction Act incentives while accelerating the phase-out of others. Only certain provisions will have current-year financial reporting implications due to varying effective dates and discretionary elections. We are currently analyzing the OBBB but do not anticipate a material impact to our consolidated financial statements or effective tax rate.

The net result of the above is that net income and income per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $4,595 and $0.42 per share, respectively, compared to $2,966 and $0.27 per share, respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $4,938 and $0.45 per share, respectively, compared with adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share of $3,584 and $0.33 per share, respectively, for the first quarter of fiscal 2025, an increase of 38% and 36%, respectively. See "Non-GAAP Measures" below for a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to the comparable GAAP amount.

Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted net income before interest (income) expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), adjusted net income, and adjusted net income per diluted share are provided for informational purposes only and are not measures of financial performance under the U.S.'s generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

Management believes the presentation of these financial measures reflecting non-GAAP adjustments provides important supplemental information to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating the operating results of the Company. In particular, we excluded those charges and credits that are not directly related to our operating performance, and are not reflective of our underlying business particularly in light of their unpredictable nature. These non-GAAP disclosures have limitations as analytical tools, should not be viewed as a substitute for net income or net income per diluted share determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. In addition, supplemental presentation should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to net income or net income per diluted share determined in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are key metrics used by management and our board of directors to assess the Company’s financial and operating performance and adjusted EBITDA is a basis for a significant portion of management's performance-based compensation.

Adjusted EBITDA excludes charges for depreciation, amortization, interest (income) expense, income taxes, acquisition related (income) expenses, equity-based compensation, ERP implementation costs, and other unusual/nonrecurring items. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share exclude intangible amortization, acquisition related (income) expenses, ERP implementation costs, other unusual/nonrecurring items, and the related tax impacts of those adjustments.

A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted net income per diluted share to net income in accordance with GAAP is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Acquisition & integration income, net |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (93 | )
Equity-based compensation |  | 532 |  |  |  | 344 |
ERP implementation costs |  | 23 |  |  |  | 342 |
Net interest income |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (161 | )
Income tax expense |  | 418 |  |  |  | 328 |
Depreciation & amortization |  | 1,523 |  |  |  | 1,411 |
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | 6,838 |  |  | $ | 5,137 |
Net Sales |  | 55,487 |  |  |  | 49,951 |
Net income as a % of revenue |  | 8.3 | % |  |  | 5.9 | %
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of revenue |  | 12.3 | % |  |  | 10.3 | %

22

| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income | $ | 4,595 |  |  | $ | 2,966 |
Acquisition & integration income, net |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (93 | )
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 499 |  |  |  | 554 |
ERP implementation costs |  | 23 |  |  |  | 342 |
Tax impact of adjustments(1) |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (185 | )
Adjusted net income | $ | 4,938 |  |  | $ | 3,584 |
GAAP net income per diluted share | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Adjusted net income per diluted share | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 11,033 |  |  |  | 10,958 |
(1) Applies a normalized tax rate to non-GAAP adjustments, which are pre-tax, based upon the statutory tax rate of 23%. |

Acquisition and integration (income) expense, net are incremental costs that are directly related to and as a result of the P3 acquisition or the subsequent accounting for the contingent earn-out liability. These costs (income) may include, among other things, professional, consulting and other fees, system integration costs, and contingent consideration fair value adjustments. ERP implementation costs primarily relate to consulting costs (training, data conversion, project management) incurred in connection with the ERP system being implemented throughout our Batavia, NY facility in order to enhance efficiency and productivity and are not expected to recur once the project is completed.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

|  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2025 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,753 |  |  | $ | 21,577 |
Working capital (1) |  |  | 6,464 |  |  |  | 5,222 |
Working capital ratio(1) |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 1.0 |

(1) Working capital equals current assets minus current liabilities; Working capital ratio equals current assets divided by current liabilities.

Net cash used by operating activities for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 was $2,259, compared to cash provided by operations of $8,716 for the same period in fiscal 2025. Cash flow used by operations during the fiscal 2026 first quarter was primarily driven by the payment of fiscal 2025 bonuses during the quarter, including the BN Performance Bonus of $4,300, partially offset by cash net income.

Capital expenditures for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $7,004 compared to $2,978 for the comparable period in fiscal 2025. Capital expenditures for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 relate to machinery and equipment, buildings, and leasehold improvements to support our growth and productivity improvement initiatives and were primarily related to the following:

•
Construction of a new 30,000 square foot manufacturing facility to enhance and expand Defense production capabilities at our Batavia, NY facility, which is primarily being funded by a $13,500 strategic grant from one of our Defense customers. Construction of this facility was completed in July 2025.
•
Construction of a cryogenic propellant (LH2, LOX, LCH4) testing facility near P3 in Florida to support our customers and enhance our capabilities. Construction is expected to be completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2026.
•
Installation of new Radiographic Testing (“RT”) equipment to enhance and accelerate Defense production at our Batavia, NY facility, which is primarily being funded by a $2,200 strategic grant from one of our Defense customers. We intend to contribute an additional $1,400 towards this project for a total project cost of $3,600. This expansion is expected to be completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2026.

23

Capital expenditures for fiscal 2026 are expected to be between $15,000 and $18,000 of which approximately two-thirds is related to the completion of the initiatives discussed above. The remaining capital expenditures for fiscal 2026 are discretionary. We estimate that our maintenance capital spend is approximately $2,000 per year. However, for the next several years we expect capital expenditures to be approximately 7% to 10% of sales each year as we continue to invest in our business in order to support our long-term organic growth goals.

Cash and cash equivalents were $10,753 at June 30, 2025 compared with $21,577 at March 31, 2025, down $10,824 primarily due to cash used by operations and capital expenditures as discussed above. At June 30, 2025, approximately $3,844 of our cash and cash equivalents is used to secure our letters of credit and $4,370 of our cash is held by our China and India subsidiaries.

On October 13, 2023, we entered into a five-year revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo that provides a $50,000 line of credit (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). As of June 30, 2025, there were no borrowings and $5,746 letters of credit outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility and the amount available to borrow was $44,254, subject to interest and leverage covenants.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, as well as financial covenants for the benefit of Wells Fargo, which requires us to maintain (i) a consolidated total leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50:1.00 and (ii) a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.20:1.00, in both cases computed in accordance with the definitions and requirements specified in the Revolving Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of the Revolving Credit Facility and our leverage ratio as calculated in accordance with the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility was 0.3x.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains terms that may, under certain circumstances as defined in the agreement, restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends. Any determination by our Board of Directors regarding dividends in the future will depend on a variety of factors, including our future financial performance, organic and inorganic growth opportunities, general economic conditions and financial, competitive, regulatory, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We did not pay any dividends during the three months ended June 30, 2025 or during fiscal 2025 and we currently have no intention to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. There can be no guarantee that we will pay dividends in the future.

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, other than letters of credit incurred in the ordinary course of business.

We believe that cash generated from operations, combined with the liquidity provided by available financing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility, will be adequate to meet our cash needs for the immediate future.

Orders, Backlog, and Book-to-Bill Ratio

In addition to the non-GAAP measures discussed above, management uses the following key performance metrics to analyze and measure the Company’s financial performance and results of operations: orders, backlog, and book-to-bill ratio. Management uses orders and backlog as measures of current and future business and financial performance and these may not be comparable with measures provided by other companies. Orders represent definitive agreements with customers to provide products and/or services. Backlog is defined as the total dollar value of orders received for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Total backlog can include both funded and unfunded orders under government contracts. Management believes tracking orders and backlog are useful as it often times is a leading indicator of future performance. In accordance with industry practice, contracts may include provisions for cancellation, termination, or suspension at the discretion of the customer.

The book-to-bill ratio is an operational measure that management uses to track the growth prospects of the Company. The Company calculates the book-to-bill ratio for a given period as net orders divided by net sales. Over the long-term our goal is to have a book-to-bill ratio of 1.1x, which can vary significantly from quarter to quarter given the nature of our business.

Given that each of orders, backlog and book-to-bill ratio is an operational measure and that the Company's methodology for calculating orders, backlog and book-to-bill ratio does not meet the definition of a non-GAAP measure, as that term is defined by the SEC, a quantitative reconciliation for each is not required or provided.

The following table provides our orders by market and geographic region including the percentage of total orders and change in comparison to the prior year for each category and period presented. Percentages may not sum to the total due to rounding:

24

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, |  |  | Change |
Market | 2025 |  | % |  |  | 2024 |  | % |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Defense | $ | 106,690 |  |  | 85 | % |  | $ | 28,617 |  |  | 51 | % |  | $ | 78,073 |  |  |  | 273 | %
Energy & Process |  | 18,795 |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 25,796 |  |  | 46 | % |  |  | (7,001 | ) |  |  | -27 | %
Space |  | 413 |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | (941 | ) |  |  | -69 | %
Total orders | $ | 125,898 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 55,767 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 70,131 |  |  |  | 126 | %
Geographic Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 122,492 |  |  | 97 | % |  | $ | 36,467 |  |  | 65 | % |  | $ | 86,025 |  |  |  | 236 | %
International |  | 3,406 |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 19,300 |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | (15,894 | ) |  |  | -82 | %
Total orders | $ | 125,898 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 55,767 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 70,131 |  |  |  | 126 | %

Orders booked in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were $125,898 or 227% of net sales for the quarter. Orders for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 included $86,500 of follow-on orders to support the U.S. Navy's Virginia Class Submarine program, and strong aftermarket orders for the Energy & Process and Defense markets, which increased 16% to $10,491 compared with the prior year. Orders for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 benefited from follow-on orders for the second option year of alternators and regulators for the MK48 Mod 7 Heavyweight Torpedo program, as well as an order for three surface condenser systems for the world's first net-zero carbon emissions integrated ethylene cracker and derivatives site located in North America. Note that our orders tend to be lumpy given the nature of our business (i.e. large capital projects) and in particular, orders to the Defense industry, which span multiple years and can be significantly larger in size. For the first quarter of fiscal 2026, our book-to-bill ratio was 2.3x.

In July 2025 we received a $25,500 follow-on order to provide mission-critical hardware for the MK48 Mod 7 Heavyweight Torpedo, which we believe supports our position as a trusted supplier to the U.S. Navy and allied defense programs.

Orders to the U.S. represented 97% of total orders for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to 65% in the first quarter of the prior year. These orders were primarily to the defense market which represented 85% of orders and are U.S. based.

The following table provides our backlog by market, including the percentage of total backlog, for each category and period presented. Percentages may not sum to the total due to rounding:

|  | June 30, |  |  |  |  | June 30, |  |  |  | Change |
Market |  | 2025 |  | % |  |  | 2024 |  | % |  | $ |  |  | % |
Defense |  | $ | 417,768 |  |  | 87 | % |  | $ | 327,827 |  |  | 83 | % | $ | 89,941 |  |  |  | 27 | %
Energy & Process |  |  | 51,975 |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 60,890 |  |  | 15 | % |  | (8,915 | ) |  |  | -15 | %
Space |  |  | 13,117 |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 8,058 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 5,059 |  |  |  | 63 | %
Total backlog |  | $ | 482,860 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 396,775 |  |  | 100 | % | $ | 86,085 |  |  |  | 22 | %

Backlog was $482,860 at June 30, 2025, a 22% increase over the prior year period. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 35% to 40% of the backlog within one year, 25% to 30% in one to two years and the remaining beyond two years. The majority of the orders that are expected to convert beyond twenty-four months are for the defense industry, specifically the U.S. Navy that have a long conversion cycle (up to six years).

Outlook

Based upon the results for the first quarter of fiscal 2026, as well as our expectations for the remainder of the fiscal year, we are reiterating our full year fiscal 2026 guidance provided earlier this year as follows ($ in thousands):

25

Net Sales | $225,000 to $235,000
Gross Profit (1) | 24.5% - 25.5% of sales
SG&A Expenses (Including Amortization)(2) | 17.5% - 18.5% of sales
Tax Rate | 20% to 22%
Adjusted EBITDA(1)(3) | $22,000 to $28,000
Capital Expenditures | $15,000 to $18,000
(1) Includes the estimated impact of increased tariffs over the prior year of approximately $2,000 to $5,000.
(2) Includes approximately $6,000 to $7,000 of BN Performance Bonus, equity-based compensation, and ERP conversion costs included in SG&A expense.
(3) Excludes net interest (income) expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization from net income, as well as approximately $2,000 to $3,000 of equity-based compensation and ERP conversion costs included in SG&A expense, net.

See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Non-GAAP Measures" above for additional information about forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures. We have not reconciled non-GAAP forward-looking adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, as permitted by Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K. Such reconciliation would require unreasonable efforts to estimate and quantify various necessary GAAP components largely because forecasting or predicting our future operating results is subject to many factors out of our control or not readily predictable.

We have made significant progress with the advancements in our business, which we believe puts us on schedule in achieving our fiscal 2027 goals of 8% to 10% average annualized organic revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA margins in the low to mid-teens.

Our expectations for sales and profitability assume that we will be able to operate our production facilities at planned capacity, have access to our global supply chain including our subcontractors, do not experience any global disruptions, and experience no impact from any other unforeseen events.

Contingencies and Commitments

We have been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos allegedly contained in or accompanying our products. We are a co-defendant with numerous other defendants in these lawsuits and intend to vigorously defend ourselves against these claims. The claims in our current lawsuits are similar to those made in previous asbestos lawsuits that named us as a defendant. Such previous lawsuits either were dismissed when it was shown that we had not supplied products to the plaintiffs’ places of work, or were settled by us for immaterial amounts. We believe that the resolution of these asbestos-related lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. However, legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these asbestos-related lawsuits could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, with the assistance of external counsel and forensic professionals, concluded an investigation into a whistleblower complaint received regarding GIPL. The investigation identified evidence supporting the complaint and other misconduct by employees. The other misconduct totaled $150 over a period of four years and was isolated to GIPL. All involved employees have been terminated and we have implemented remedial actions, including strengthening our compliance program and internal controls. As a result of the investigation, during the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the statutory auditor and bookkeeper of GIPL tendered their resignations and new firms were appointed. We have voluntarily reported the findings of our investigation to the appropriate authorities in India, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the SEC and will continue to cooperate with those authorities. Although the resolutions of these matters are inherently uncertain, we do not believe any remaining impact will be material to our overall consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

As of June 30, 2025, we are subject to the claims noted above, as well as other legal proceedings and potential claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of the lawsuits, legal proceedings or potential claims to which we are or may become a party cannot be determined and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made for the majority of the claims, we do not believe that the outcomes, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. See Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

26

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are based on the selection of accounting policies and the application of significant accounting estimates, some of which require management to make significant assumptions. We believe that the most critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements relate to labor hour estimates, total cost, and establishment of operational milestones, which are used to recognize revenue over time, accounting for contingencies, under which we accrue a loss when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated, and accounting for business combinations and intangible assets. For further information, refer to Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2025.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In the normal course of business, management evaluates all new Accounting Standards Updates and other accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, SEC, or other authoritative accounting bodies to determine the potential impact they may have on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Other than those discussed in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, management does not expect any of the recently issued accounting pronouncements, which have not already been adopted, to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For discussion of the newly issued accounting pronouncements see Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The principal market risks (i.e., the risk of loss arising from market changes) to which we are exposed are foreign currency exchange rates, price risk, and interest rate risk.

The assumptions applied in preparing the following qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding foreign currency exchange rate, price risk, and interest rate risk are based upon volatility ranges experienced by us in relevant historical periods, our current knowledge of the marketplace, and our judgment of the probability of future volatility based upon the historical trends and economic conditions of the markets in which we operate.

Foreign Currency

International consolidated sales for the first three months of fiscal 2026 were 17% of total sales. Operating in markets throughout the world exposes us to movements in currency exchange rates. Currency movements can affect sales in several ways, the foremost being our ability to compete for orders against foreign competitors that base their prices on relatively weaker currencies. Business lost due to competition for orders against competitors using a relatively weaker currency cannot be quantified. In addition, cash can be adversely impacted by the conversion of sales made by us in a foreign currency to U.S. dollars. In each of the first three months of fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2025, substantially all sales by us and our wholly owned subsidiaries, for which we were paid, were denominated in the local currency of the respective subsidiary (U.S. dollars, Chinese RMB, or India INR). For the first three months of fiscal 2026, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations increased our cash balances by $53 primarily due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Chinese RMB and India INR.

We have limited exposure to foreign currency purchases. In the first three months of fiscal 2026, our purchases in foreign currencies represented approximately 4% of the cost of products sold. At certain times, we may enter into forward foreign currency exchange agreements to hedge our exposure against potential unfavorable changes in foreign currency values on significant sales and purchase contracts negotiated in foreign currencies. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts were not used in the periods being reported in this Form 10-Q and as of June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, we held no forward foreign currency contracts.

Price Risk

Operating in a global market place requires us to compete with other global manufacturers which, in some instances, benefit from lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions, such as lower tariffs. Although we believe that our customers differentiate our products on the basis of our manufacturing quality, engineering experience, and customer service, among other things, such lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions mean that our competitors are able to offer products similar to ours at lower prices. In extreme market downturns, we typically see depressed price levels. Additionally, we have faced, and may continue to face, significant cost inflation, specifically in labor costs, raw materials, tariffs, and other supply chain costs due to increased demand for raw materials and resources caused by the broad disruption of the global supply chain. International conflicts or other geopolitical events, including the on-going Russia and Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas and Israel-Iran conflicts, and recent trade-related

27

actions, may further contribute to increased supply chain costs due to shortages in raw materials, increased costs for transportation and energy, disruptions in supply chains, increased tariffs, and heightened inflation. Further escalation of tariffs or geopolitical tensions may also lead to changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, any of which may adversely affect our business and supply chain, and consequently our results of operations. We estimate that the impact of increased tariffs over the prior year will be approximately $2,000 to $5,000 in fiscal 2026.

Interest Rate Risk

In order to fund our strategic growth objectives, including acquisitions, from time to time we may borrow funds under our Revolving Credit Facility through Wells Fargo that bears interest at a variable rate. As part of our risk management activities, we evaluate the use of interest rate derivatives to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. As of June 30, 2025, we had no variable rate debt outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility and no interest rate derivatives outstanding. See "Debt" in Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about our outstanding debt.

Item 4. Control s and Procedures

Conclusion regarding the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures

Our President and Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer) each have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, and as of such date, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in all material respects.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

28

P ART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Fa ctors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part 1 – Item 1A of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer

None.

D i vidend Policy

Our revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo contains terms that may, under certain circumstances as defined in the agreement, restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends. Any determination by our Board of Directors regarding dividends in the future will depend on a variety of factors, including our future financial performance, organic and inorganic growth opportunities, general economic conditions and financial, competitive, regulatory, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We did not pay any dividends during the three months ended June 30, 2025 or during fiscal 2025 and we currently have no intention to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. There can be no guarantee that we will pay dividends in the future.

29

Item 6. Exhibits

INDEX OF EXHIBITS

(10) |  | Material Contracts |
# |  | 10.1 | Graham Corporation Annual Stock-Based Long-Term Incentive Award Plan for Senior Executives in effect for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026, is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 6, 2025.
# |  | 10.2 | Graham Corporation Annual Executive Cash Bonus Program in effect for Company’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026, is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 6, 2025.

(31) |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
+ |  | 31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer
+ |  | 31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer
(32) |  | Section 1350 Certification
+ |  | 32.1 | Section 1350 Certifications
(101) |  | Interactive Data File
+ |  | 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
+ |  | 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
+ |  | 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
+ |  | 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
+ |  | 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
+ |  | 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(104) |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File embedded within the Inline XBRL document
|  | + ++ # | Exhibit filed with this report Exhibit furnished with this report Management contract or compensation plan

30

SIGNA TURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| GRAHAM CORPORATION
By: |  |  | /s/ CHRISTOPHER J. THOME
|  |  | Christopher J. Thome
|  |  | Vice President-Finance, Chief Financial Officer,
|  |  | Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Secretary
|  |  | (On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 5, 2025

31