10-Q 1 good_93018x10qdocument93018.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-33097
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

MARYLAND |  | 02-0681276
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1521 WESTBRANCH DRIVE, SUITE 100 MCLEAN, VIRGINIA |  | 22102
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(703) 287-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ý
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ¨
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of October 30, 2018 was 28,987,513.
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GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED
September 30, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | PAGE
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 42
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 43
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 44
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 44
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 44
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 44
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 44
Item 5. | Other Information | 44
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
SIGNATURES | 47

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Real estate, at cost |  | $ | 913,477 |  |  | $ | 893,853 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  | 170,824 |  |  | 149,417 |
Total real estate, net |  | 742,653 |  |  | 744,436 |
Lease intangibles, net |  | 109,343 |  |  | 118,927 |
Real estate and related assets held for sale, net |  | 1,436 |  |  | 9,046 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2,470 |  |  | 6,683 |
Restricted cash |  | 2,605 |  |  | 2,397 |
Funds held in escrow |  | 5,934 |  |  | 9,369 |
Deferred rent receivable, net |  | 34,613 |  |  | 33,333 |
Other assets |  | 5,121 |  |  | 4,263 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 904,175 |  |  | $ | 928,454 |
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |
Mortgage notes payable, net (1) |  | $ | 437,146 |  |  | $ | 447,380 |
Borrowings under Revolver, net |  | 30,334 |  |  | 20,715 |
Borrowings under Term Loan, net |  | 74,604 |  |  | 74,532 |
Deferred rent liability, net |  | 15,350 |  |  | 16,250 |
Asset retirement obligation |  | 2,844 |  |  | 3,051 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 2,697 |  |  | 7,339 |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale, net |  | 297 |  |  | 114 |
Due to Adviser and Administrator (1) |  | 2,489 |  |  | 2,289 |
Other liabilities |  | 5,692 |  |  | 6,554 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | $ | 571,453 |  |  | $ | 578,224 |
Commitments and contingencies (2) |  |  |  |
MEZZANINE EQUITY |  |  |  |
Series D redeemable preferred stock, net, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 6,000,000 shares authorized; and 3,509,555 and 3,421,853 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (3) |  | $ | 85,598 |  |  | $ | 83,432 |
TOTAL MEZZANINE EQUITY |  | $ | 85,598 |  |  | $ | 83,432 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |
Series A and B redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 5,350,000 shares authorized and 2,264,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (3) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Senior common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 950,000 and 4,450,000 shares authorized; and 883,005 and 904,819 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (3) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 87,700,000 and 34,200,000 shares authorized and 28,926,468 and 28,384,016 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (3) |  | 29 |  |  | 28 |
Additional paid in capital |  | 544,895 |  |  | 534,790 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | 1,063 |  |  | 35 |
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings |  | (298,866 | ) |  | (268,058 | )
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | 247,124 |  |  | 266,798 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | $ | 904,175 |  |  | $ | 928,454 |

(1) | Refer to Note 2 “Related-Party Transactions”

(2) | Refer to Note 7 “Commitments and Contingencies”

(3) | Refer to Note 8 “Stockholders’ and Mezzanine Equity”

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenue |  | $ | 25,737 |  |  | $ | 23,815 |  |  | $ | 77,021 |  |  | $ | 68,253 |
Tenant recovery revenue |  | 854 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 2,517 |  |  | 1,294 |
Total operating revenues |  | 26,591 |  |  | 24,365 |  |  | 79,538 |  |  | 69,547 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 11,807 |  |  | 10,829 |  |  | 35,166 |  |  | 30,673 |
Property operating expenses |  | 2,638 |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 8,247 |  |  | 5,062 |
Base management fee (1) |  | 1,242 |  |  | 1,277 |  |  | 3,798 |  |  | 3,665 |
Incentive fee (1) |  | 785 |  |  | 640 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | 1,760 |
Administration fee (1) |  | 440 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 1,187 |  |  | 993 |
General and administrative |  | 510 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 1,776 |
Impairment charge |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,999 |
Total operating expenses |  | 17,422 |  |  | 15,867 |  |  | 52,367 |  |  | 47,928 |
Other (expense) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | (6,531 | ) |  | (6,119 | ) |  | (19,275 | ) |  | (18,223 | )
Gain on sale of real estate, net |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,844 |  |  | 3,993 |
Other income |  | 39 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 14 |
Total other expense, net |  | (6,492 | ) |  | (6,115 | ) |  | (17,364 | ) |  | (14,216 | )
Net income |  | 2,677 |  |  | 2,383 |  |  | 9,807 |  |  | 7,403 |
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock |  | (2,612 | ) |  | (2,520 | ) |  | (7,803 | ) |  | (7,330 | )
Distributions attributable to senior common stock |  | (235 | ) |  | (247 | ) |  | (700 | ) |  | (744 | )
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
(Loss) earnings per weighted average share of common stock - basic & diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) earnings (attributable) available to common shareholders |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and Diluted |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Distributions declared per common share |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |
Earnings per weighted average share of senior common stock |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Weighted average shares of senior common stock outstanding - basic |  | 886,346 |  |  | 932,636 |  |  | 890,966 |  |  | 947,238 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) related to interest rate hedging instruments, net |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 172 |
Other Comprehensive income |  | 245 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 1,028 |  |  | 172 |
Net income |  | 2,677 |  |  | 2,383 |  |  | 9,807 |  |  | 7,403 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,922 |  |  | $ | 2,376 |  |  | $ | 10,835 |  |  | $ | 7,575 |

(1) | Refer to Note 2 “Related-Party Transactions”

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 9,807 |  |  | $ | 7,403 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 35,166 |  |  | 30,673 |
Impairment charge |  | — |  |  | 3,999 |
Gain on sale of real estate, net |  | (1,844 | ) |  | (3,993 | )
Amortization of deferred financing costs |  | 1,103 |  |  | 1,248 |
Amortization of deferred rent asset and liability, net |  | (797 | ) |  | (633 | )
Amortization of discount and premium on assumed debt |  | (36 | ) |  | (80 | )
Asset retirement obligation expense |  | 90 |  |  | 96 |
Operating changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |
Decrease (increase) in other assets |  | 170 |  |  | (1,560 | )
Increase in deferred rent receivable |  | (1,908 | ) |  | (2,437 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amount due Adviser and Administrator |  | 513 |  |  | (239 | )
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities |  | (1,071 | ) |  | 634 |
Tenant inducement payments |  | — |  |  | (122 | )
Leasing commissions paid |  | (402 | ) |  | (192 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 40,791 |  |  | $ | 34,797 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Acquisition of real estate and related intangible assets |  | $ | (22,800 | ) |  | $ | (83,242 | )
Improvements of existing real estate |  | (2,494 | ) |  | (8,233 | )
Proceeds from sale of real estate |  | 10,773 |  |  | 29,499 |
Receipts from lenders for funds held in escrow |  | 1,286 |  |  | 3,712 |
Payments to lenders for funds held in escrow |  | (1,817 | ) |  | (5,252 | )
Receipts from tenants for reserves |  | 2,119 |  |  | 1,450 |
Payments to tenants from reserves |  | (1,884 | ) |  | (783 | )
Deposits on future acquisitions |  | (590 | ) |  | (1,650 | )
Deposits applied against acquisition of real estate investments |  | 590 |  |  | 1,650 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (14,817 | ) |  | $ | (62,849 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of equity |  | $ | 12,504 |  |  | $ | 69,891 |
Offering costs paid |  | (200 | ) |  | (1,922 | )
Retirement of senior common stock |  | (34 | ) |  | (24 | )
Borrowings under mortgage notes payable |  | 14,125 |  |  | 51,208 |
Payments for deferred financing costs |  | (345 | ) |  | (992 | )
Principal repayments on mortgage notes payable |  | (24,888 | ) |  | (57,182 | )
Borrowings from revolving credit facility |  | 57,400 |  |  | 89,800 |
Repayments on revolving credit facility |  | (47,900 | ) |  | (85,300 | )
Decrease in security deposits |  | (26 | ) |  | (165 | )
Distributions paid for common, senior common and preferred stock |  | (40,615 | ) |  | (37,130 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | $ | (29,979 | ) |  | $ | 28,184 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | $ | (4,005 | ) |  | $ | 132 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period |  | $ | 9,080 |  |  | $ | 7,688 |

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Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 5,075 |  |  | $ | 7,820 |
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Tenant funded fixed asset improvements |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 2,201 |
Assumed mortgage in connection with acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,179 |
Assumed interest rate swap fair market value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |
Reserves released by title company to tenant |  | $ | 3,966 |  |  | $ | — |
Unrealized gain related to interest rate hedging instruments, net |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 172 |
Capital improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 2,053 |

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (dollars in thousands):

|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,470 |  |  | $ | 4,287 |
Restricted cash |  | 2,605 |  |  | 3,533 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows |  | $ | 5,075 |  |  | $ | 7,820 |

Restricted cash consists of security deposits and receipts from tenants for reserves. These funds will be released to the tenants upon completion of agreed upon tasks, as specified in the lease agreements, mainly consisting of maintenance and repairs on the buildings and upon receipt by us of evidence of insurance and tax payments.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Gladstone Commercial Corporation is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland on February 14, 2003. We focus on acquiring, owning and managing primarily office and industrial properties. On a selective basis, we may make long term industrial and commercial mortgage loans; however, we do not have any mortgage loans currently outstanding. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our business is managed by Gladstone Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Adviser”), and administrative services are provided by Gladstone Administration, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Administrator”), each pursuant to a contractual arrangement with us. Our Adviser and Administrator collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits, and other general expenses directly. Gladstone Commercial Corporation conducts substantially all of its operations through a subsidiary, Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”).
All references herein to “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” mean Gladstone Commercial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the term means only Gladstone Commercial Corporation.
Interim Financial Information
Our interim financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are omitted. The year-end balance sheet data presented herein was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair statement of financial statements for the interim period, have been included. The interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Critical Accounting Policies
In preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we apply certain critical accounting policies which require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature to make certain estimates and assumptions. Application of our accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment regarding the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties, and as a result, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. A summary of all of our significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance regarding the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires improved disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We adopted this guidance for our annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2018 and will use the modified retrospective method, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance is recognized at the date of initial application. Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Further, as discussed below, once the new guidance regarding the principles for the recognition measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases goes into effect on January 1, 2019, we expect the new revenue standard will apply to executory costs and other components of revenue due under leases that are deemed to be non-lease components (examples include common area maintenance and provision of utilities), even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. Revenue from these non-lease components, which were previously recognized on a straight-line basis under current lease guidance, would be recognized under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while our total revenue recognized over the lease term would not differ under the new guidance, the revenue recognition pattern could be different. We are currently evaluating the impact of revenue recognition from the adoption of the lease standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. We are evaluating the adoption of ASU 2016-02, but we expect the standard to minimally impact our consolidated financial statements as we currently have four operating ground lease arrangements with terms greater than one year for which we are the lessee. We also expect our general and administrative expense to increase as the new standard requires us to expense non-incremental leasing costs that were previously capitalized to leasing commissions. ASU 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840 “Leases.” The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt using the modified retrospective method, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance is recognized at the date of initial application.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force),” which clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. The areas addressed in the new guidance relate to debt prepayment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investments, beneficial interest in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. We adopted this guidance for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2018, and the standard requires retrospective adoption. Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as we have not historically completed transactions contemplated in this update.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force),” which requires the statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Under the new guidance, amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We adopted this guidance for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2018, and the standard requires retrospective adoption. Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05 to provide guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and in-substance non-financial assets in contracts with non-customers, unless other specific guidance applies. The standard requires a company to de-recognize nonfinancial assets once it transfers control of a distinct nonfinancial asset or distinct in substance nonfinancial asset. Additionally, when a company transfers its controlling interest in a nonfinancial asset, but retains a noncontrolling ownership interest, the company is required to measure any non-controlling interest it receives or retains at fair value. The guidance requires companies to recognize a full gain or loss on the transaction. As a result of the new guidance, the guidance specific to real estate sales in ASC 360-20 will be eliminated, and partial sales of real estate assets will now be subject to the same de-recognition model as all other nonfinancial assets. We adopted this guidance for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2018, and the standard requires retrospective adoption. Our adoption of this guidance does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as we typically complete fee simple sales, with no continuing involvement.
2. Related-Party Transactions
Gladstone Management and Gladstone Administration
We are externally managed pursuant to contractual arrangements with our Adviser and our Administrator, which collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits, and other general expenses directly. Both our Adviser and Administrator are affiliates of ours, as their parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Two of our executive officers, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Terry Lee Brubaker (our vice chairman and chief operating officer) serve as directors and executive officers of our Adviser and our Administrator. Our president, Mr. Robert Cutlip, is an executive managing director of our Adviser. Mr. Michael LiCalsi, our general counsel and secretary, also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary. We have entered into an advisory agreement with our Adviser, as amended from time to time (the “Advisory Agreement”), and an administration agreement with our Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). The services and fees under the Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement are described below. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $2.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively, were collectively due to our Adviser and Administrator.
Base Management Fee
On January 10, 2017, we entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, effective as of October 1, 2016. Our original entrance into the Advisory Agreement and each subsequent amendment thereof (including the fourth amendment completed in January of 2017) was approved unanimously by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors also reviews and considers renewing the Advisory Agreement each July. During its July 2018 meeting, our Board of Directors reviewed and renewed the Advisory Agreement for an additional year, through August 31, 2019.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the annual base management fee equals 1.5% of our adjusted total stockholders’ equity, which is our total stockholders’ equity plus total mezzanine equity (before giving effect to the base management fee and incentive fee), adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains or losses that do not affect realized net income (including impairment charges) and adjusted for any one-time events and certain non-cash items (the later to occur for a given quarter only upon the approval of our Compensation Committee). The fee is calculated and accrued quarterly as 0.375% per quarter of such adjusted total stockholders’ equity figure. Our Adviser does not charge acquisition or disposition fees when we acquire or dispose of properties, as is common in other externally managed REITs. Our Adviser may earn fee income from our borrowers, tenants or other sources.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a base management fee of $1.2 million and $3.8 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded a base management fee of $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively.
Incentive Fee
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the incentive fee rewards the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly Core FFO (defined at the end of this paragraph), before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee Core FFO, exceeds 2.0% quarterly, or 8.0% annualized, of adjusted total stockholders’ equity (after giving effect to the base management fee but before giving effect to the incentive fee). We refer to this as the hurdle rate. The Adviser will receive 15.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee Core FFO that exceeds the hurdle rate. However, in no event shall the incentive fee for a particular quarter exceed by 15.0% (the cap) the average quarterly incentive fee paid by us for the previous four quarters (excluding quarters for which no incentive fee was paid). Core FFO (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) is GAAP net income (loss) available to common stockholders, excluding the incentive fee, depreciation and amortization, any realized and unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period, and one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP.
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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an incentive fee of $0.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded an incentive fee of $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The Adviser did not waive any portion of the incentive fee for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017, respectively.
Capital Gains Fee
Under the Advisory Agreement, we will pay to the Adviser a capital gains-based incentive fee that will be calculated and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement). In determining the capital gains fee, we will calculate aggregate realized capital gains and aggregate realized capital losses for the applicable time period. For this purpose, aggregate realized capital gains and losses, if any, equals the realized gain or loss calculated by the difference between the sales price of the property, less any costs to sell the property and the current gross value of the property (which is calculated as the original acquisition price plus any subsequent non-reimbursed capital improvements). At the end of the fiscal year, if this number is positive, then the capital gain fee payable for such time period shall equal 15.0% of such amount. No capital gain fee was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
Termination Fee
The Advisory Agreement includes a termination fee whereby, in the event of our termination thereof without cause (with 120 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), a termination fee would be payable to the Adviser equal to two times the sum of the average annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by the Adviser during the 24-month period prior to such termination. A termination fee is also payable if the Adviser terminates the Advisory Agreement after we have defaulted and applicable cure periods have expired. The Advisory Agreement may also be terminated for cause by us (with 30 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), with no termination fee payable. Cause is defined in the agreement to include if the Adviser breaches any material provisions thereof, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Adviser, dissolution of the Adviser and fraud or misappropriation of funds.
Administration Agreement
Under the terms of the Administration Agreement, we pay separately for our allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead expenses in performing its obligations to us including, but not limited to, rent and our allocable portion of the salaries and benefits expenses of our Administrator’s employees, including, but not limited to, our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary), and their respective staffs. Our allocable portion of the Administrator’s expenses are generally derived by multiplying our Administrator’s total expenses by the approximate percentage of time the Administrator’s employees perform services for us in relation to their time spent performing services for all companies serviced by our Administrator under contractual agreements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an administration fee of $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded an administration fee of $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Gladstone Securities
Gladstone Securities, LLC, (“Gladstone Securities”), is a privately held broker dealer registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and insured by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Gladstone Securities is an affiliate of ours, as its parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Gladstone also serves on the board of managers of Gladstone Securities.
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Mortgage Financing Arrangement Agreement
We entered into an agreement with Gladstone Securities, effective June 18, 2013, for it to act as our non-exclusive agent to assist us with arranging mortgage financing for properties we own (the “Financing Arrangement Agreement”). In connection with this engagement, Gladstone Securities will, from time to time, continue to solicit the interest of various commercial real estate lenders or recommend to us third party lenders offering credit products or packages that are responsive to our needs. We pay Gladstone Securities a financing fee in connection with the services it provides to us for securing mortgage financing on any of our properties. The amount of these financing fees, which are payable upon closing of the financing, are based on a percentage of the amount of the mortgage, generally ranging from 0.15% to a maximum of 1.0% of the mortgage obtained. The amount of the financing fees may be reduced or eliminated, as determined by us and Gladstone Securities, after taking into consideration various factors, including, but not limited to, the involvement of any third party brokers and market conditions. We paid financing fees to Gladstone Securities of $0.02 million and $0.04 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which are included in mortgage notes payable, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, or 0.15% and 0.12%, respectively, of the mortgage principal secured and extended. We paid financing fees to Gladstone Securities of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, which are included in mortgage notes payable, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, or 0.25% and 0.27%, respectively, of the mortgage principal secured or extended. Our Board of Directors renewed the Financing Arrangement Agreement for an additional year, through August 31, 2019, at its July 2018 meeting.
3. (Loss) earnings per Share of Common Stock
The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. We computed basic (loss) earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted (loss) earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 reflects additional shares of common stock related to our convertible senior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock”), if the effect would be dilutive, that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued, as well as an adjustment to net income available to common stockholders as applicable to common stockholders that would result from their assumed issuance (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts).

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Calculation of basic (loss) earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Basic (loss) earnings per share of common stock |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
Add: income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders plus assumed conversions (1) |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Effect of convertible Senior Common Stock (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Denominator for diluted weighted average shares of common stock (1) |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Diluted (loss) earnings per share of common stock |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )

(1) | We excluded shares of Senior Common Stock that are convertible into 737,752 and 773,553 shares of our common stock from the calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, because it was anti-dilutive.

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4. Real Estate and Intangible Assets
Real Estate
The following table sets forth the components of our investments in real estate as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, excluding real estate held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Real estate: |  |  |  |
Land |  | $ | 122,890 |  |  | $ | 121,783 |
Building and improvements |  | 726,690 |  |  | 708,948 |
Tenant improvements |  | 63,897 |  |  | 63,122 |
Accumulated depreciation |  | (170,824 | ) |  | (149,417 | )
Real estate, net |  | $ | 742,653 |  |  | $ | 744,436 |

Real estate depreciation expense on building and tenant improvements was $7.5 million and $22.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $6.9 million and $19.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
Acquisitions
We acquired two properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and five properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The acquisitions are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended |  | Square Footage |  | Lease Term |  | Purchase Price |  | Acquisition Expenses |  | Annualized GAAP Rent |  | Debt Issued or Assumed |
September 30, 2018 | (1) | 285,254 |  |  | 11.7 Years |  | $ | 22,800 |  |  | $ | 225 |  | (3) | $ | 1,851 |  |  | $ | 4,745 |  | (4)
September 30, 2017 | (2) | 666,451 |  |  | 10.7 Years |  | 94,421 |  |  | 1,171 |  | (3) | 10,776 |  |  | 54,887 |  | (5)

(1) | On March 9, 2018, we acquired a 127,444 square foot property in Vance, Alabama for $14.3 million. The annualized GAAP rent on the 9.8 year lease is $1.1 million. On September 20, 2018, we acquired a 157,810 square foot property in Columbus, Ohio for $8.5 million. We issued $4.7 million of mortgage debt in connection with this acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 15.0 year lease is $0.8 million.

(2) | On June 22, 2017, we acquired a 60,016 square foot property in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania for $15.7 million. We assumed $11.2 million of mortgage debt. The annualized GAAP rent on the 8.5 year lease is $1.7 million. On July 7, 2017, we acquired a 300,000 square foot property in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $27.1 million. We issued $14.9 million of mortgage debt with a fixed interest rate of 3.75% in connection with this acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 15.4 year lease is $2.3 million. On July 31, 2017, we acquired a 306,435 square foot, three property portfolio, located in Maitland, Florida for $51.6 million. We issued $28.8 million of mortgage debt with a fixed interest rate of 3.89% in connection with this acquisition. The portfolio has a weighted average lease term of 8.6 years and annualized GAAP rent of $6.8 million.

(3) | We accounted for these transactions under ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” As a result, we treated our acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations. As a result of this treatment, we capitalized $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of acquisition costs that would otherwise have been expensed under business combination treatment.

(4) | We entered into an interest rate swap in connection with $4.7 million of issued debt on our Columbus, Ohio acquisition, pursuant to which we will pay our counterparty a fixed interest rate of 3.22%, and receive a variable interest rate of one month LIBOR from our counterparty. Our total interest rate on this debt is fixed at 5.32%. We have elected to treat this interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge, and all changes in fair market value will be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets.

(5) | We assumed an interest rate swap in connection with $11.2 million of assumed debt on our Conshohocken, Pennsylvania acquisition, pursuant to which we will pay our counterparty a fixed interest rate of 1.80%, and receive a variable interest rate of one month LIBOR from our counterparty. Our total interest rate on this debt is fixed at 3.55%. The interest rate swap had a fair value of $0.04 million upon the date of assumption, and subsequently increased in value to $0.7 million at September 30, 2018. We have elected to treat this interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge, and all changes in fair market value will be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets.

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We determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to the properties acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
Acquired assets and liabilities |  | Purchase price |  | Purchase price
Land |  | $ | 1,140 |  |  | $ | 15,137 |
Building |  | 17,849 |  |  | 51,186 |
Tenant Improvements |  | 776 |  |  | 6,060 |
In-place Leases |  | 1,249 |  |  | 9,516 |
Leasing Costs |  | 1,245 |  |  | 5,083 |
Customer Relationships |  | 792 |  |  | 6,851 |
Above Market Leases |  | 49 |  |  | 1,916 |
Below Market Leases |  | (300 | ) |  | (1,769 | )
Discount on Assumed Debt |  | — |  |  | 399 |
Fair Value of Interest Rate Swap Assumed |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Total Purchase Price |  | $ | 22,800 |  |  | $ | 94,421 |

Significant Real Estate Activity on Existing Assets
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we executed two and six new leases, respectively, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended |  | Aggregate Square Footage |  | Weighted Average Lease Term |  | Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent |  | Aggregate Tenant Improvement |  | Aggregate Leasing Commissions
September 30, 2018 | (1) | 184,441 |  |  | 1.6 years |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |
September 30, 2017 |  | 577,471 |  |  | 8.9 years |  | 4,062 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 475 |

(1) | One of the new leases we entered into is on our South Hadley, Massachusetts property which is classified as held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018.

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Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the carrying value of intangible assets, liabilities and the accumulated amortization for each intangible asset and liability class as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, excluding real estate held for sale, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
|  | Lease Intangibles |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Lease Intangibles |  | Accumulated Amortization
In-place leases |  | $ | 81,377 |  |  | $ | (38,767 | ) |  | $ | 80,355 |  |  | $ | (33,201 | )
Leasing costs |  | 56,878 |  |  | (26,738 | ) |  | 55,695 |  |  | (23,016 | )
Customer relationships |  | 59,502 |  |  | (22,909 | ) |  | 58,892 |  |  | (19,798 | )
|  | $ | 197,757 |  |  | $ | (88,414 | ) |  | $ | 194,942 |  |  | $ | (76,015 | )
|  | Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion |  | Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion
Above market leases |  | $ | 14,511 |  |  | $ | (8,679 | ) |  | $ | 14,425 |  |  | $ | (7,962 | )
Below market leases and deferred revenue |  | (27,338 | ) |  | 11,988 |  |  | (26,725 | ) |  | 10,475 |
|  | $ | (12,827 | ) |  | $ | 3,309 |  |  | $ | (12,300 | ) |  | $ | 2,513 |

Total amortization expense related to in-place leases, leasing costs and customer relationship lease intangible assets was $4.3 million and $12.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $3.9 million and $10.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Total amortization related to above-market lease values was $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and is included in rental revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Total amortization related to below-market lease values was $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and is included in rental revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The weighted average amortization periods in years for the intangible assets acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Intangible Assets & Liabilities |  | 2018 |  | 2017
In-place leases |  | 13.0 |  | 9.7
Leasing costs |  | 13.0 |  | 9.7
Customer relationships |  | 21.2 |  | 12.7
Above market leases |  | 9.8 |  | 10.2
Below market leases |  | 15.0 |  | 9.4
All intangible assets & liabilities |  | 15.0 |  | 10.4

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5. Real Estate Dispositions, Held for Sale and Impairment Charges
Real Estate Dispositions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we continued to execute our capital recycling program, whereby we sold non-core properties and redeployed proceeds to fund property acquisitions in our target secondary growth markets, as well as repay outstanding debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold two non-core properties, located in Arlington, Texas and Tewksbury, Massachusetts, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Square Footage Sold |  | Aggregate Sales Price |  | Aggregate Sales Costs |  | Aggregate Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
166,200 |  |  | $ | 11,100 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 1,844 |

Our dispositions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were not classified as discontinued operations because they did not represent a strategic shift in operations, nor will they have a major effect on our operations and financial results. Accordingly, the operating results of these properties are included within continuing operations for all periods reported.
The table below summarizes the components of operating income from the real estate and related assets disposed of during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Operating revenue |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 698 |
Operating expense |  | — |  |  | 212 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 528 |
Other income, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,844 |  | (1) | — |
(Expense) income from real estate and related assets sold |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (39 | ) |  | $ | 1,776 |  |  | $ | 170 |

(1) | Includes a $1.8 million gain on sale of real estate, net on two properties.

Real Estate Held for Sale
At September 30, 2018, we had one property classified as held for sale, located in South Hadley, Massachusetts. We have identified a prospective buyer for this property, and have executed a purchase and sale agreement. At December 31, 2017, we had two properties classified as held for sale, located in Arlington, Texas and Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Both of these properties were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The table below summarizes the components of the assets and liabilities held for sale reflected on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands):

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Assets Held for Sale |  |  |
Real estate, at cost | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 12,997 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | 857 |  |  | 3,970 |
Total real estate held for sale, net | 1,430 |  |  | 9,027 |
Lease intangibles, net | 6 |  |  | 9 |
Deferred rent receivable, net | — |  |  | 10 |
Total Assets Held for Sale | $ | 1,436 |  |  | $ | 9,046 |
Liabilities Held for Sale |  |  |
Asset retirement obligation | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 114 |
Total Liabilities Held for Sale | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 114 |

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Impairment Charges
We evaluated our portfolio for triggering events to determine if any of our held and used assets were impaired during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and did no t identify any held and used assets which were impaired.
We classified one property as held for sale at September 30, 2018. We performed an analysis of the property classified as held for sale, and compared the fair market value of the asset less selling costs against the carrying value of assets available for sale. We did no t record an impairment charge during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as the fair market value was greater than the carrying value.
Fair market value for this asset was calculated using Level 3 inputs (defined in Note 6 “Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility”), which were determined using a negotiated sales price from an executed purchase and sale agreement with a third party. We continue to evaluate our properties on a quarterly basis for changes that could create the need to record impairment. Future impairment losses may result, and could be significant, should market conditions deteriorate in the markets in which we hold our assets or we are unable to secure leases at terms that are favorable to us, which could impact the estimated cash flow of our properties over the period in which we plan to hold our properties. Additionally, changes in management’s decisions to either own and lease long-term or sell a particular asset will have an impact on this analysis.
We recognized $4.0 million of impairment charges on two properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These properties were impaired through our held for sale carrying value analysis, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and we concluded that the fair market value less selling costs was below the carrying value of the respective properties. We sold both of these properties during the year ended December 31, 2017.
6. Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility
Our mortgage notes payable and Credit Facility as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

|  | Encumbered properties at |  |  |  | Carrying Value at |  | Stated Interest Rates at |  | Scheduled Maturity Dates at
|  | September 30, 2018 |  |  |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
Mortgage and other secured loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate mortgage loans |  | 49 |  |  |  |  | $ | 380,620 |  |  | $ | 383,189 |  |  | (1) |  | (2)
Variable rate mortgage loans |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 61,115 |  |  | 69,302 |  |  | (3) |  | (2)
Premiums and discounts, net |  | - |  |  |  |  | (318 | ) |  | (281 | ) |  | N/A |  | N/A
Deferred financing costs, mortgage loans, net |  | - |  |  |  |  | (4,271 | ) |  | (4,830 | ) |  | N/A |  | N/A
Total mortgage notes payable, net |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | $ | 437,146 |  |  | $ | 447,380 |  |  | (4) |  |
Variable rate revolving credit facility |  | 32 |  |  | (6) |  | $ | 30,900 |  |  | $ | 21,400 |  |  | LIBOR + 1.75% |  | 10/27/2021
Deferred financing costs, revolving credit facility |  | - |  |  |  |  | (566 | ) |  | (685 | ) |  | N/A |  | N/A
Total revolver, net |  | 32 |  |  |  |  | $ | 30,334 |  |  | $ | 20,715 |  |  |  |  |
Variable rate term loan facility |  | - |  |  | (6) |  | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | 75,000 |  |  | LIBOR + 1.70% |  | 10/27/2022
Deferred financing costs, term loan facility |  | - |  |  |  |  | (396 | ) |  | (468 | ) |  | N/A |  | N/A
Total term loan, net |  | N/A |  |  |  |  | $ | 74,604 |  |  | $ | 74,532 |  |  |  |  |
Total mortgage notes payable and credit facility |  | 99 |  |  |  |  | $ | 542,084 |  |  | $ | 542,627 |  |  | (5) |  |

(1) | Interest rates on our fixed rate mortgage notes payable vary from 3.55% to 6.63%.

(2) | We have 46 mortgage notes payable with maturity dates ranging from 12/1/2018 through 7/1/2045.

(3) | Interest rates on our variable rate mortgage notes payable vary from one month LIBOR + 2.25% to one month LIBOR + 2.75%. At September 30, 2018, one month LIBOR was approximately 2.26%.

(4) | The weighted average interest rate on the mortgage notes outstanding at September 30, 2018 was approximately 4.66%.

(5) | The weighted average interest rate on all debt outstanding at September 30, 2018 was approximately 4.52%.

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(6) | The amount we may draw under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility is based on a percentage of the fair value of a combined pool of 32 unencumbered properties as of September 30, 2018.

N/A - Not Applicable
Mortgage Notes Payable
As of September 30, 2018, we had 46 mortgage notes payable, collateralized by a total of 67 properties with a net book value of $638.9 million. We have limited recourse liabilities that could result from any one or more of the following circumstances: a borrower voluntarily filing for bankruptcy, improper conveyance of a property, fraud or material misrepresentation, misapplication or misappropriation of rents, security deposits, insurance proceeds or condemnation proceeds, or physical waste or damage to the property resulting from a borrower’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. We have full recourse for $10.2 million of the mortgages notes payable, net, or 2.3% of the outstanding balance. We will also indemnify lenders against claims resulting from the presence of hazardous substances or activity involving hazardous substances in violation of environmental laws on a property.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repaid one mortgage collateralized by one property and partially repaid one mortgage collateralized by two properties, releasing one of the collateralized properties, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Variable Rate Debt Repaid |  | Interest Rate on Variable Rate Debt Repaid |  | Fixed Rate Debt Repaid |  | Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$ | 6,738 |  |  | LIBOR + | 2.25% |  | $ | 9,444 |  |  | 5.75 | %

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we issued two mortgages, collateralized by two properties, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt |
$ | 14,125 |  | (1) | 4.83% | (2)

(1) | We issued $14.1 million of swapped to fixed rate debt in connection with two properties with maturity dates of March 1, 2023 and November 1, 2028.

(2) | We entered into two interest rate swaps and will be paying an all in fixed rates of 4.58% and 5.32%, respectively.

On April 18, 2018, we extended the maturity dates on two existing variable rate mortgage notes totaling $13.0 million from July 2018 to July 2020.
On July 23, 2018, we extended the maturity date on one variable rate mortgage note totaling $4.0 million from September 2018 to September 2019.
On September 18, 2018, we extended the maturity date on one fixed rate mortgage note totaling $3.6 million from November 2018 to November 2021.
We made payments of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.0 million for deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
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Scheduled principal payments of mortgage notes payable for the three months ending December 31, 2018, and each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year |  | Scheduled Principal Payments |
Three Months Ending December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 10,255 |  |
2019 |  | 52,262 |  |
2020 |  | 32,006 |  |
2021 |  | 36,917 |  |
2022 |  | 97,444 |  |
2023 |  | 69,342 |  |
Thereafter |  | 143,509 |  |
Total |  | $ | 441,735 |  | (1)

(1) | This figure does not include $0.3 million of premiums and discounts, net, and $4.3 million of deferred financing costs, which are reflected in mortgage notes payable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We believe we will be able to address all mortgage notes payable maturing over the next 12 months through a combination of refinancing our existing indebtedness, cash from operations, proceeds from one or more equity offerings and availability on our Credit Facility.
Interest Rate Cap and Interest Rate Swap Agreements
We have entered into interest rate cap agreements that cap the interest rate on certain of our variable-rate debt and we have assumed or entered into interest rate swap agreements in which we hedged our exposure to variable interest rates by agreeing to pay fixed interest rates to our respective counterparty. We have adopted the fair value measurement provisions for our financial instruments recorded at fair value. The fair value guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Generally, we will estimate the fair value of our interest rate caps and interest rate swaps, in the absence of observable market data, using estimates of value including estimated remaining life, counterparty credit risk, current market yield and interest rate spreads of similar securities as of the measurement date. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our interest rate cap agreements and interest rate swap were valued using Level 2 inputs.
The fair value of the interest rate cap agreements is recorded in other assets on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements quarterly based on the current market valuations at quarter end. If the interest rate cap qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in the estimated fair value is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent that it is effective, with any ineffective portion recorded to interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. If the interest rate cap does not qualify for hedge accounting, or if it is determined the hedge is ineffective, any change in the fair value is recognized in interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The following table summarizes the interest rate caps at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Aggregate Cost |  | Aggregate Notional Amount |  | Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Notional Amount |  | Aggregate Fair Value
$ | 1,111 |  | (1) | $ | 135,185 |  |  | $ | 1,245 |  |  | $ | 143,512 |  |  | $ | 504 |

(1) | We have entered into various interest rate cap agreements on variable rate debt with LIBOR caps ranging from 2.25% to 3.25%.

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We have assumed or entered into interest rate swap agreement in connection with certain of our acquisitions, whereby we will pay our counterparty a fixed rate interest rate on a monthly basis, and receive payments from our counterparty equivalent to the stipulated floating rate. The fair value of our interest rate swap agreements are recorded in other assets on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We have designated our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, and we record changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement to accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record changes in fair value on a quarterly basis, using current market valuations at quarter end. The following table summarizes our interest rate swaps at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Aggregate Notional Amount |  | Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Notional Amount |  | Aggregate Fair Value
$ | 24,867 |  |  | $ | 768 |  |  | $ | 11,036 |  |  | $ | 316 |

The following tables present the impact of our derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated financial statements (dollars in thousands):

|  | Amount of Gain (Loss), net recognized in Comprehensive Income
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate caps |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 576 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps |  | 138 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 452 |  |  | 172 |
Total |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 172 |

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our derivative instruments (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  | Asset Derivatives Fair Value at
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Interest rate caps |  | Other assets |  | $ | 1,036 |  |  | $ | 450 |
Interest rate swaps |  | Other assets |  | 768 |  |  | 316 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate caps |  | Other assets |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Total derivatives |  |  |  | $ | 2,013 |  |  | $ | 820 |

The fair value of all mortgage notes payable outstanding as of September 30, 2018 was $435.9 million, as compared to the carrying value stated above of $441.7 million. The fair value is calculated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using management’s estimate of market interest rates on long-term debt with comparable terms and loan to value ratios. The fair value was calculated using Level 3 inputs of the hierarchy established by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.”
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Credit Facility
On August 7, 2013, we procured our senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“Revolver”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) (serving as revolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent). In October 2015, we expanded our Revolver to $85.0 million and entered into a term loan facility (“Term Loan”) whereby we added a $25.0 million, five-year Term Loan subject to the same leverage tiers as the Revolver, with the interest rate at each leverage tier being five basis points lower than that of the Revolver. We have the option to repay the Term Loan in full, or in part, at any time without penalty or premium prior to the maturity date. We refer to the Revolver and Term Loan collectively herein as the Credit Facility. On October 27, 2017, we amended this Credit Facility, increasing the Term Loan from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into multiple interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75% in order to hedge our exposure to variable interest rates. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank National Association and The Huntington National Bank.
As of September 30, 2018, there was $105.9 million outstanding under our Credit Facility at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.97% and $1.2 million outstanding under letters of credit at a weighted average interest rate of 1.75%. As of September 30, 2018, the maximum additional amount we could draw under the Revolver was $49.3 million. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2018.
The amount outstanding under the Credit Facility approximates fair value as of September 30, 2018.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Ground Leases
We are obligated as lessee under four ground leases. Future minimum rental payments due under the terms of these leases as of September 30, 2018 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year |  | Minimum Rental Payments Due
Three Months Ending December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 117 |
2019 |  | 465 |
2020 |  | 466 |
2021 |  | 392 |
2022 |  | 319 |
2023 |  | 322 |
Thereafter |  | 3,914 |
Total |  | $ | 5,995 |

Rental expense incurred for properties with ground lease obligations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Rental expenses are reflected in property operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Letters of Credit
As of September 30, 2018, there was $1.2 million outstanding under letters of credit. These letters of credit are not reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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8. Stockholders’ and Mezzanine Equity
Stockholders’ Equity
The following table summarizes the changes in our stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

|  | Series A and B Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Senior Common Stock |  | Series A and B Preferred Stock |  | Senior Common Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | 2,264,000 |  |  | 28,384,016 |  |  | 904,819 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 534,790 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | (268,058 | ) |  | $ | 266,798 |
Issuance of Series A and B preferred stock and common stock, net |  | — |  |  | 526,323 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10,139 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,140 |
Conversion of senior common stock to common stock |  | — |  |  | 16,129 |  |  | (19,548 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Retirement of senior common stock, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,266 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34 | )
Distributions declared to common, senior common and preferred stockholders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40,615 | ) |  | (40,615 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,028 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,807 |  |  | 9,807 |
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | 2,264,000 |  |  | 28,926,468 |  |  | 883,005 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 544,895 |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | (298,866 | ) |  | $ | 247,124 |

Distributions
We paid the following distributions per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Common Stock |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |
Senior Common Stock |  | 0.2625 |  |  | 0.2625 |  |  | 0.7875 |  |  | 0.7875 |
Series A Preferred Stock |  | 0.4843749 |  |  | 0.4843749 |  |  | 1.4531247 |  |  | 1.4531247 |
Series B Preferred Stock |  | 0.46875 |  |  | 0.46875 |  |  | 1.4063 |  |  | 1.4063 |
Series D Preferred Stock |  | 0.4374999 |  |  | 0.4374999 |  |  | 1.3124997 |  |  | 1.3124997 |

Recent Activity
Common Stock ATM Program
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold 0.5 million shares of common stock, raising $10.1 million in net proceeds under our open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Common Stock ATM Program”). As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $76.0 million of common stock under the Common Stock ATM Program.
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Series A and B Preferred Stock ATM Programs
Under another open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Series A and B Preferred ATM Program”), we may, from time to time, offer to sell (i) shares of our 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”), and (ii) shares of our 7.50% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $37.2 million of preferred stock under the Series A and B Preferred ATM Program.
Mezzanine Equity
Our 7.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred”) is classified as mezzanine equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheets because it is redeemable at the option of the shareholder upon a change of control of greater than 50% in accordance with ASC 480-10-S99 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” which requires mezzanine equity classification for preferred stock issuances with redemption features which are outside of the control of the issuer. A change in control of our company, outside of our control, is only possible if a tender offer is accepted by over 90% of our shareholders. All other change in control situations would require input from our Board of Directors. We will periodically evaluate the likelihood that a change of control greater than 50% will take place, and if we deem this probable, we would adjust the Series D Preferred presented in mezzanine equity to their redemption value, with the offset to gain (loss) on extinguishment. We currently believe the likelihood of a change of control greater than 50% is remote.
Under a third open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Series D Preferred ATM Program”), we may, from time to time, offer to sell shares of our Series D Preferred, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold approximately 0.1 million shares of our Series D Preferred for net proceeds of $2.2 million under our Series D Preferred ATM Program. As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $18.6 million of Series D Preferred under the Series D Preferred ATM Program.
Amendment to Articles of Incorporation
On April 11, 2018, we filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles Supplementary reclassifying 3,500,000 authorized but unissued shares of our convertible senior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock”), as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock. As a result of the reclassification, there were 57,969 authorized but unissued shares of Senior Common Stock.
On April 11, 2018, we also filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles of Amendment to increase the number of shares of capital stock we have authority to issue to 100,000,000 and authorized common stock to 87,700,000 shares.
9. Subsequent Events
Distributions
On October 9, 2018, our Board of Directors declared the following monthly distributions for the months of October, November and December of 2018:

Record Date |  | Payment Date |  | Common Stock Distributions per Share |  | Series A Preferred Distributions per Share |  | Series B Preferred Distributions per Share |  | Series D Preferred Distributions per Share
October 19, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018 |  | $ | 0.125 |  |  | $ | 0.1614583 |  |  | $ | 0.15625 |  |  | $ | 0.1458333 |
November 20, 2018 |  | November 30, 2018 |  | 0.125 |  |  | 0.1614583 |  |  | 0.15625 |  |  | 0.1458333 |
December 20, 2018 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | 0.125 |  |  | 0.1614583 |  |  | 0.15625 |  |  | 0.1458333 |
|  |  |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 0.4843749 |  |  | $ | 0.46875 |  |  | $ | 0.4374999 |

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Senior Common Stock Distributions
Payable to the Holders of Record During the Month of: |  | Payment Date |  | Distribution per Share
October |  | November 7, 2018 |  | $ | 0.0875 |
November |  | December 7, 2018 |  | 0.0875 |
December |  | January 7, 2019 |  | 0.0875 |
|  |  |  | $ | 0.2625 |

ATM Equity Activity
Subsequent to September 30, 2018 and through October 30, 2018, we raised $1.1 million in net proceeds from the sale of 61,045 shares of Common Stock under our Common Stock ATM Program. We made no sales under our Series D Preferred ATM Program or Series A and B Preferred Stock ATM Program subsequent to September 30, 2018 and through October 30, 2018.
Leasing Activity
On October 24, 2018, we extended the lease with the tenant occupying our 60,000 square foot property located in Hickory, North Carolina. The lease was extended through March 31, 2025. The lease provides for prescribed rent escalations over its life with annualized GAAP rents of $1.1 million. In connection with the extension of the lease, we committed to $0.4 million in tenant improvements and will pay $0.2 million in leasing commissions.
Acquisition Activity
On October 30, 2018, we acquired a 218,703 square foot two property portfolio located in Detroit, Michigan for $21.3 million, net of acquisition costs. We funded this acquisition with $0.8 million cash on hand, the assumption of a $6.9 million mortgage, and the issuance of units of limited partnership interests in Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership. The mortgage assumed has a fixed interest rate of 4.63% with a 19 year term. The portfolio is 100% leased to two tenants, with a weighted average lease term of 10.5 years. Both triple net leases provide for prescribed rent escalations over their life with annualized GAAP rents of $1.7 million.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

All statements contained herein, other than historical facts, may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements may relate to, among other things, future events or our future performance or financial condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “believe,” “will,” “provided,” “anticipate,” “future,” “could,” “growth,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect,” “should,” “would,” “if,” “seek,” “possible,” “potential,” “likely” or the negative of such terms or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations or prospects to be materially different from any future business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations or prospects expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. For further information about these and other factors that could affect our future results, please see the captions titled “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
All references to “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” in this Report mean Gladstone Commercial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where otherwise noted or where the context indicates that the term means only Gladstone Commercial Corporation.
General
We are an externally-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland on February 14, 2003. We focus on acquiring, owning, and managing primarily office and industrial properties. On a selective basis, we may make long term industrial and commercial mortgage loans; however, we do not have any mortgage loans currently outstanding. Our properties are geographically diversified and our tenants cover a broad cross section of business sectors and range in size from small to very large private and public companies. We actively communicate with buyout funds, real estate brokers and other third parties to locate properties for potential acquisition or to provide mortgage financing in an effort to build our portfolio. We target secondary growth markets that possess favorable economic growth trends, diversified industries, and growing population and employment.
We have historically entered into, and intend in the future to enter into, purchase agreements primarily for real estate having net leases with remaining terms of approximately 7 to 15 years and built in rental rate increases. Under a net lease, the tenant is required to pay most or all operating, maintenance, repair and insurance costs and real estate taxes with respect to the leased property.
All references to annualized generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) rent are rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease reported evenly over the non-cancelable term of the lease.
As of October 30, 2018:

• | we owned 101 properties totaling 11.8 million square feet in 24 states;

• | our occupancy rate was 99.1%;

• | the weighted average remaining term of our mortgage debt was 6.2 years and the weighted average interest rate was 4.66%; and

• | the average remaining lease term of the portfolio was 7.1 years.

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Business Environment
In the United States, vacancy rates have decreased for both office and industrial properties in most markets, as increased user demand has led to improved conditions. Vacancy rates in many markets have been reduced to levels seen at the peak before the most recent U.S. recession and rental rates have increased in most primary and secondary markets. This condition has led to a rise in construction activity for both office and industrial properties in many markets. Reports from many national research firms reflect that the industrial supply and demand relationship still appears to be in equilibrium, but that office supply and demand in select markets may be moving toward a slight increase in vacancy. Interest rates have been volatile and although interest rates are still somewhat low, lenders have varied on their required spreads over the last several quarters and overall financing costs for fixed rate mortgages are rising. The 2017 year-end statistics from national research firms indicate that total investment sales volume was approximately 8-10% less than the volume recorded in 2016. Investment sales volume for all property types has decreased each year since 2015. The recorded first quarter and second quarter 2018 investment volume for single property sales was lower than first quarter and second quarter 2017, and we anticipate third quarter 2018 investment volume to have a similar decrease, pending our review of available market data.
From a more macro-economic perspective, the strength of the global economy and U.S. economy continue to be uncertain. The long-term impact of the recent passage of tax reform in the United States is unknown at this time, although the lowering of the corporate tax rate is generally expected be beneficial. Finally, the continuing uncertainty surrounding the ability of the federal government to address its fiscal condition in both the near and long term as well as other geo-political issues has increased domestic and global instability. These developments could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may adversely affect our ability to access both the equity and debt markets and could have an adverse effect on our tenants as well.
We continue to focus on re-leasing vacant space, renewing upcoming lease expirations, re-financing upcoming loan maturities, and acquiring additional properties with associated long-term leases. Currently, we only have two partially vacant buildings.
We have zero leases expiring during the remainder of 2018, five leases expiring in 2019, which account for 3.6% of rental revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 13 leases expiring in 2020, which account for 11.5% of rental revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Our available vacant space at September 30, 2018 represents 0.9% of our total square footage and the annual carrying costs on the vacant space, including real estate taxes and property operating expenses, are approximately $0.2 million. We continue to actively seek new tenants for these properties.
Our ability to make new investments is highly dependent upon our ability to procure financing. Our principal sources of financing generally include the issuance of equity securities, long-term mortgage loans secured by properties, borrowings under our $85.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“Revolver”), with KeyBank National Association (serving as a revolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent), which matures in October 2021, and our $75.0 million term loan facility (“Term Loan”), which matures in October 2022, which we refer to collectively herein as the Credit Facility. While lenders’ credit standards have tightened, we continue to look to national and regional banks, insurance companies and non-bank lenders, in addition to the collateralized mortgage backed securities market, (the “CMBS market”), to issue mortgages to finance our real estate activities.
In addition to obtaining funds through borrowing, we have been active in the equity markets during and subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We have issued shares of both common stock and Series D Preferred Stock through our open market sale agreements with Cantor Fitzgerald, discussed in more detail below.
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Recent Developments
2018 Sale Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we continued to execute our capital recycling program, whereby we sold non-core properties and redeployed proceeds to fund property acquisitions located in our target secondary growth markets, as well as repay outstanding debt. We will continue to execute our capital recycling plan and sell non-core properties as reasonable disposition opportunities become available. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold two non-core properties located in Arlington, Texas and Tewksbury, Massachusetts, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Square Footage Sold |  | Aggregate Sales Price |  | Aggregate Sales Costs |  | Aggregate Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
166,200 |  |  | $ | 11,100 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 1,844 |

2018 Acquisition Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we acquired two properties, located in Vance, Alabama and Columbus, Ohio, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Square Footage |  | Weighted Average Lease Term |  | Aggregate Purchase Price |  | Acquisition Costs |  | Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent |  | Aggregate Debt Issued or Assumed
285,254 |  |  | 11.7 years |  | $ | 22,800 |  |  | $ | 225 |  | (1) | $ | 1,851 |  |  | $ | 4,745 |

(1) | We accounted for these transactions under ASU 2017-01. As a result, we treated these acquisitions as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations. As a result of this treatment, we capitalized $0.2 million of acquisition costs that would otherwise have been expensed under business combination treatment.

On October 30, 2018, we acquired a 218,703 square foot two property portfolio located in Detroit, Michigan for $21.3 million, net of acquisition costs. We funded this acquisition with $0.8 million cash on hand, the assumption of a $6.9 million mortgage, and the issuance of units of limited partnership interests in Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership. The mortgage assumed has a fixed interest rate of 4.63% with a 19 year term. The portfolio is 100% leased to two tenants, with a weighted average lease term of 10.5 years. Both triple net leases provide for prescribed rent escalations over their life with annualized GAAP rents of $1.7 million.
2018 Leasing Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we executed two new leases, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended |  | Aggregate Square Footage |  | Weighted Average Lease Term |  | Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent |  | Aggregate Leasing Commissions
September 30, 2018 | (1) | 184,441 |  |  | 1.6 years |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | 14 |

(1) | One of the new leases we entered into is on our South Hadley, Massachusetts property which, is classified as held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018.

On October 24, 2018, we extended the lease with the tenant occupying our 60,000 square foot property located in Hickory, North Carolina. The lease was extended through March 31, 2025. The lease provides for prescribed rent escalations over its life with annualized GAAP rents of $1.1 million. In connection with the extension of the lease, we committed to $0.4 million in tenant improvements and will pay $0.2 million in leasing commissions.
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2018 Financing Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repaid one mortgage collateralized by one property and partially repaid one mortgage collateralized by two properties, releasing one of the collateralized properties, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Variable Rate Debt Repaid |  | Interest Rate on Variable Rate Debt Repaid |  | Fixed Rate Debt Repaid |  | Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$ | 6,738 |  |  | LIBOR + | 2.25% |  | $ | 9,444 |  |  | 5.75 | %

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we issued two mortgages, collateralized by two properties, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt |
$ | 14,125 |  | (1) | 4.83 | % | (2)

(1) | We issued $14.1 million of swapped to fixed rate debt in connection with two properties with maturity dates of March 1, 2023 and November 1, 2028.

(2) | We entered into an interest rate swaps and will be paying all in fixed rates of 4.58% and 5.32%, respectively.

On April 18, 2018, we extended the maturity dates on two variable rate mortgage notes totaling $13.0 million from July 2018 to July 2020.
On July 23, 2018, we extended the maturity date on one variable rate mortgage note totaling $4.0 million from September 2018 to September 2019.
On September 18, 2018, we extended the maturity date on one fixed rate mortgage note totaling $3.6 million from November 2018 to November 2021.
2018 Equity Activities
Common Stock ATM Program
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold 0.5 million shares of common stock, raising $10.1 million in net proceeds under our open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Common Stock ATM Program”). As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $76.0 million of common stock under the Common Stock ATM Program.
Preferred ATM Programs
Series A and B Preferred Stock: Under another open market sales agreement (the “Series A and B Preferred ATM Program”), with Cantor Fitzgerald, we may, from time to time, offer to sell (i) shares of our 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”), and (ii) shares of our 7.50% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred during nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $37.2 million of preferred stock under the Series A and B Preferred ATM Program.
Series D Preferred Stock: Under a third open market sales agreement (the “Series D Preferred ATM Program”), with Cantor Fitzgerald, we may, from time to time, offer to sell shares of our 7.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred (“Series D Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold approximately 0.1 million shares of our Series D Preferred for net proceeds of $2.2 million under our Series D Preferred ATM Program. As of September 30, 2018, we had remaining capacity to sell up to $18.6 million of Series D Preferred under the Series D Preferred ATM Program.
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Amendment to Articles of Incorporation
On April 11, 2018, we filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles Supplementary reclassifying 3,500,000 authorized but unissued shares of our convertible senior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock”), as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock. As a result of the reclassification, there were 57,969 authorized but unissued shares of Senior Common Stock.
On April 11, 2018, we also filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles of Amendment to increase the number of shares of capital stock we have authority to issue to 100,000,000 and authorized common stock to 87,700,000 shares.
Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership
On July 11, 2018, the Company, GCLP Business Trust I, and GCLP Business Trust II entered into the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership. The Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement consolidates the previous amendments to the First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership and reflects certain updates to applicable law.
Diversity of Our Portfolio
Gladstone Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (our “Adviser”) seeks to diversify our portfolio to avoid dependence on any one particular tenant, industry or geographic market. By diversifying our portfolio, our Adviser intends to reduce the adverse effect on our portfolio of a single under-performing investment or a downturn in any particular industry or geographic market. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our largest tenant comprised only 4.7% of total rental income. The table below reflects the breakdown of our total rental income by tenant industry classification for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Industry Classification |  | Rental Revenue |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Rental Revenue |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Rental Revenue |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Rental Revenue |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue
Telecommunications |  | $ | 3,957 |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | $ | 3,930 |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | $ | 11,870 |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | $ | 11,649 |  |  | 17.1 | %
Diversified/Conglomerate Services |  | 3,459 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 10,377 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 7,009 |  |  | 10.3 |
Automobile |  | 3,168 |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 9,249 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 8,303 |  |  | 12.2 |
Healthcare |  | 2,985 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 3,001 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 8,961 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 10,127 |  |  | 14.8 |
Banking |  | 1,994 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 760 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 5,985 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 1,986 |  |  | 2.9 |
Information Technology |  | 1,498 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 1,498 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 4,495 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 4,496 |  |  | 6.6 |
Personal, Food & Miscellaneous Services |  | 1,459 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 1,423 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 4,379 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 4.7 |
Diversified/Conglomerate Manufacturing |  | 1,216 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 3,621 |  |  | 5.3 |
Electronics |  | 1,060 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 1,068 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 3,180 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 3,232 |  |  | 4.7 |
Buildings and Real Estate |  | 1,025 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 3,058 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 2,187 |  |  | 3.2 |
Chemicals, Plastics & Rubber |  | 740 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2,193 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | 3.3 |
Personal & Non-Durable Consumer Products |  | 672 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 2,016 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 1,991 |  |  | 2.9 |
Machinery |  | 560 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 2.5 |
Childcare |  | 556 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1,667 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1,667 |  |  | 2.4 |
Containers, Packaging & Glass |  | 454 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 430 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1,363 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 2.0 |
Beverage, Food & Tobacco |  | 352 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1,150 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1,577 |  |  | 2.3 |
Printing & Publishing |  | 286 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | 1.5 |
Education |  | 164 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 0.7 |
Home & Office Furnishings |  | 132 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 0.6 |
Total |  | $ | 25,737 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 23,815 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 77,021 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 68,253 |  |  | 100.0 | %

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The tables below reflect the breakdown of total rental income by state for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

State |  | Rental Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Number of Leases for the three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Rental Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Number of Leases for the three months ended September 30, 2017
Texas |  | $ | 3,705 |  |  | 14.4 | % |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 3,822 |  |  | 16.0 | % |  | 12 |
Pennsylvania |  | 3,250 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3,214 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 9 |
Florida |  | 2,839 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2,264 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 10 |
Ohio |  | 2,414 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 13 |
Utah |  | 1,664 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 946 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 2 |
North Carolina |  | 1,538 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 8 |
Georgia |  | 1,204 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 6 |
South Carolina |  | 1,153 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 2 |
Michigan |  | 1,082 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 4 |
Minnesota |  | 922 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 6 |
All Other States |  | 5,966 |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 5,736 |  |  | 24.1 |  |  | 33 |
Total |  | $ | 25,737 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 108 |  |  | $ | 23,815 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 105 |

State |  | Rental Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Number of Leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Rental Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 |  | Percentage of Rental Revenue |  | Number of Leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2017
Texas |  | $ | 11,194 |  |  | 14.5 | % |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 11,372 |  |  | 16.7 | % |  | 12 |
Pennsylvania |  | 9,753 |  |  | 12.7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7,721 |  |  | 11.3 |  |  | 9 |
Florida |  | 8,515 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4,499 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 10 |
Ohio |  | 7,202 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 7,016 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 13 |
Utah |  | 4,993 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2,839 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 2 |
North Carolina |  | 4,571 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4,518 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 8 |
Georgia |  | 3,612 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 6 |
South Carolina |  | 3,459 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3,459 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 2 |
Michigan |  | 3,245 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3,245 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 4 |
Minnesota |  | 2,766 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,773 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 6 |
All Other States |  | 17,711 |  |  | 22.9 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 17,234 |  |  | 25.1 |  |  | 33 |
|  | $ | 77,021 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 108 |  |  | $ | 68,253 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 105 |

Our Adviser and Administrator
Our Adviser is led by a management team with extensive experience purchasing real estate and originating mortgage loans. Our Adviser and Gladstone Administration, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (our “Administrator”) are controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, who is also our chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Gladstone also serves as the chairman and chief executive officer of both our Adviser and Administrator. Mr. Terry Lee Brubaker, our vice chairman and chief operating officer, is also the vice chairman and chief operating officer of our Adviser and Administrator. Mr. Robert Cutlip, our president, is also an executive managing director of our Adviser. Our Administrator employs our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel, and secretary) and their respective staffs.
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Our Adviser and Administrator also provide investment advisory and administrative services, respectively, to certain of our affiliates, including, but not limited to, Gladstone Capital Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation, both publicly-traded business development companies, as well as Gladstone Land Corporation, a publicly-traded REIT that primarily invests in farmland. With the exception of Mr. Michael Sodo, our chief financial officer, Mr. Jay Beckhorn, our treasurer, and Mr. Robert Cutlip, our president, all of our executive officers and all of our directors serve as either directors or executive officers, or both, of Gladstone Capital Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. In addition, with the exception of Mr. Cutlip, and Mr. Sodo, all of our executive officers and all of our directors, serve as either directors or executive officers, or both, of Gladstone Land Corporation. Mr. Cutlip and Mr. Sodo do not put forth any material efforts in assisting affiliated companies. In the future, our Adviser may provide investment advisory services to other companies, both public and private.
Advisory and Administration Agreements
We are externally managed pursuant to contractual arrangements with our Adviser and our Administrator, which collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits and other general expenses directly. Both our Adviser and Administrator are affiliates of ours, as their parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Two of our executive officers, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Terry Brubaker (our vice chairman and chief operating officer) serve as directors and executive officers of our Adviser and our Administrator. Mr. Michael LiCalsi, our general counsel and secretary, serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary. We have entered into an advisory agreement with our Adviser, as amended from time to time (the “Advisory Agreement”), and an administration agreement with our Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). The services and fees under the Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement are described below.
Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, we are responsible for all expenses incurred for our direct benefit. Examples of these expenses include legal, accounting, interest, directors’ and officers’ insurance, stock transfer services, stockholder-related fees, consulting and related fees. In addition, we are also responsible for all fees charged by third parties that are directly related to our business, which include real estate brokerage fees, mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees and transaction structuring fees (although we may be able to pass all or some of such fees on to our tenants and borrowers).
Base Management Fee
On January 10, 2017, we entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, effective as of October 1, 2016. Our original entrance into the Advisory Agreement and each subsequent amendment thereof (including the fourth amendment completed in January of 2017) was approved unanimously by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors also reviews and considers renewing the Advisory Agreement each July. During its July 2018 meeting, our Board of Directors reviewed and renewed the Advisory Agreement for an additional year, through August 31, 2019.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the annual base management fee equals 1.5% of our adjusted total stockholders’ equity, which is our total stockholders’ equity plus total mezzanine equity (before giving effect to the base management fee and incentive fee), adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains or losses that do not affect realized net income (including impairment charges) and adjusted for any one-time events and certain non-cash items (the later to occur for a given quarter only upon the approval of our Compensation Committee). The fee is calculated and accrued quarterly as 0.375% per quarter of such adjusted total stockholders’ equity figure. Our Adviser does not charge acquisition or disposition fees when we acquire or dispose of properties as is common in other externally managed REITs; however, our Adviser may earn fee income from our borrowers, tenants or other sources.
Incentive Fee
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the incentive fee rewards the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly Core FFO (defined at the end of this paragraph), before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee Core FFO, exceeds 2.0% quarterly, or 8.0% annualized, of adjusted total stockholders’ equity (after giving effect to the base management fee but before giving effect to the incentive fee). We refer to this as the hurdle rate. The Adviser will receive 15.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee Core FFO that exceeds the hurdle rate. However, in no event shall the incentive fee for a particular quarter exceed by 15.0% (the cap) the average quarterly incentive fee paid by us for the previous four quarters (excluding quarters for which no incentive fee was paid). Core FFO (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) is GAAP net income (loss) available to common stockholders, excluding the incentive fee, depreciation and amortization, any realized and unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period, and one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP.
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Capital Gain Fee
Under the Advisory Agreement, we will pay to the Adviser a capital gains-based incentive fee that will be calculated and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement). In determining the capital gain fee, we will calculate aggregate realized capital gains and aggregate realized capital losses for the applicable time period. For this purpose, aggregate realized capital gains and losses, if any, equals the realized gain or loss calculated by the difference between the sales price of the property, less any costs to sell the property and the current gross value of the property (which is calculated as the original acquisition price plus any subsequent non-reimbursed capital improvements). At the end of the fiscal year, if this number is positive, then the capital gain fee payable for such time period shall equal 15.0% of such amount. No capital gain fee was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
Termination Fee
The Advisory Agreement includes a termination fee whereby, in the event of our termination of the agreement without cause (with 120 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), a termination fee would be payable to the Adviser equal to two times the sum of the average annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by the Adviser during the 24-month period prior to such termination. A termination fee is also payable if the Adviser terminates the agreement after the Company has defaulted and applicable cure periods have expired. The agreement may also be terminated for cause by us (with 30 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), with no termination fee payable. Cause is defined in the agreement to include if the Adviser breaches any material provisions of the agreement, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Adviser, dissolution of the Adviser and fraud or misappropriation of funds.
Administration Agreement
Under the terms of the Administration Agreement, we pay separately for our allocable portion of our Administrator’s overhead expenses in performing its obligations to us including, but not limited to, rent and our allocable portion of the salaries and benefits expenses of our Administrator’s employees, including, but not limited to, our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary), and their respective staffs. Our allocable portion of the Administrator’s expenses are generally derived by multiplying our Administrator’s total expenses by the appropriate percentage of time the Administrator’s employees perform services for us in relation to their time spent performing services for all companies serviced by our Administrator under contractual agreements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make judgments that are subjective in nature to make certain estimates and assumptions. Application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment regarding the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties, and as a result, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. A summary of all of our significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed by us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 14, 2018 (our “2017 Form 10-K”). There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies or estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Results of Operations
The weighted average yield on our total portfolio, which was 8.7% and 8.6% as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is calculated by taking the annualized straight-line rents, reflected as rental income on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income, of each acquisition since inception as a percentage of the acquisition cost plus subsequent capital improvements. The weighted average yield does not account for the interest expense incurred on the mortgages placed on our properties.
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A comparison of our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is below (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | For the three months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenue |  | $ | 25,737 |  |  | $ | 23,815 |  |  | $ | 1,922 |  |  | 8.1 | %
Tenant recovery revenue |  | 854 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 55.3 | %
Total operating revenues |  | 26,591 |  |  | 24,365 |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 11,807 |  |  | 10,829 |  |  | 978 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Property operating expenses |  | 2,638 |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 21.1 | %
Base management fee |  | 1,242 |  |  | 1,277 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (2.7 | )%
Incentive fee |  | 785 |  |  | 640 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 22.7 | %
Administration fee |  | 440 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 50.2 | %
General and administrative |  | 510 |  |  | 650 |  |  | (140 | ) |  | (21.5 | )%
Total operating expenses |  | 17,422 |  |  | 15,867 |  |  | 1,555 |  |  | 9.8 | %
Other (expense) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | (6,531 | ) |  | (6,119 | ) |  | (412 | ) |  | 6.7 | %
Loss on sale of real estate, net |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Other income |  | 39 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1,200.0 | %
Total other expense, net |  | (6,492 | ) |  | (6,115 | ) |  | (377 | ) |  | 6.2 | %
Net income |  | 2,677 |  |  | 2,383 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 12.3 | %
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock |  | (2,612 | ) |  | (2,520 | ) |  | (92 | ) |  | 3.7 | %
Distributions attributable to senior common stock |  | (235 | ) |  | (247 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (4.9 | )%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 214 |  |  | (55.7 | )%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per weighted average share of common stock - basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
FFO available to common stockholders - basic (1) |  | $ | 11,637 |  |  | $ | 10,444 |  |  | $ | 1,193 |  |  | 11.4 | %
FFO available to common stockholders - diluted (1) |  | $ | 11,872 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  | $ | 1,181 |  |  | 11.0 | %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - basic (1) |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | 5.3 | %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - diluted (1) |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | 5.3 | %

(1) | Refer to the “Funds from Operations” section below within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section for the definition of FFO.

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|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenue |  | $ | 77,021 |  |  | $ | 68,253 |  |  | $ | 8,768 |  |  | 12.8 | %
Tenant recovery revenue |  | 2,517 |  |  | 1,294 |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | 94.5 | %
Total operating revenues |  | 79,538 |  |  | 69,547 |  |  | 9,991 |  |  | 14.4 | %
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 35,166 |  |  | 30,673 |  |  | 4,493 |  |  | 14.6 | %
Property operating expenses |  | 8,247 |  |  | 5,062 |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | 62.9 | %
Base management fee |  | 3,798 |  |  | 3,665 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 3.6 | %
Incentive fee |  | 2,215 |  |  | 1,760 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 25.9 | %
Administration fee |  | 1,187 |  |  | 993 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 19.5 | %
General and administrative |  | 1,754 |  |  | 1,776 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (1.2 | )%
Impairment charge |  | — |  |  | 3,999 |  |  | (3,999 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Total operating expenses |  | 52,367 |  |  | 47,928 |  |  | 4,439 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Other (expense) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | (19,275 | ) |  | (18,223 | ) |  | (1,052 | ) |  | 5.8 | %
Gain on sale of real estate, net |  | 1,844 |  |  | 3,993 |  |  | (2,149 | ) |  | (53.8 | )%
Other income |  | 67 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 378.6 | %
Total other expense, net |  | (17,364 | ) |  | (14,216 | ) |  | (3,148 | ) |  | 22.1 | %
Net income |  | 9,807 |  |  | 7,403 |  |  | 2,404 |  |  | 32.5 | %
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock |  | (7,803 | ) |  | (7,330 | ) |  | (473 | ) |  | 6.5 | %
Distributions attributable to senior common stock |  | (700 | ) |  | (744 | ) |  | 44 |  |  | (5.9 | )%
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | ) |  | $ | 1,975 |  |  | (294.3 | )%
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders per weighted average share of common stock - basic & diluted |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | (266.7 | )%
FFO available to common stockholders - basic (1) |  | $ | 34,626 |  |  | $ | 30,008 |  |  | $ | 4,618 |  |  | 15.4 | %
FFO available to common stockholders - diluted (1) |  | $ | 35,326 |  |  | $ | 30,752 |  |  | $ | 4,574 |  |  | 14.9 | %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - basic (1) |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | 4.3 | %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - diluted (1) |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | 4.3 | %

(1) | Refer to the “Funds from Operations” section below within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section for the definition of FFO.

Same Store Analysis
For the purposes of the following discussion, same store properties are properties we owned as of January 1, 2017, which have not been subsequently vacated, or disposed of. Acquired and disposed of properties are properties which were acquired, disposed of or classified as held for sale at any point subsequent to December 31, 2016. Properties with vacancy are properties that were fully vacant or had greater than 5.0% vacancy, based on square footage, at any point subsequent to January 1, 2017. Expanded properties are properties in which an expansion was completed at any point subsequent to December 31, 2016.
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Operating Revenues

|  | For the three months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Rental Revenues |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 20,074 |  |  | $ | 20,057 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 4,204 |  |  | 2,355 |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 78.5 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 930 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 6.4 | %
Expanded Properties |  | 529 |  |  | 529 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
|  | $ | 25,737 |  |  | $ | 23,815 |  |  | $ | 1,922 |  |  | 8.1 | %

|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Rental Revenues |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 60,177 |  |  | $ | 60,017 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 12,457 |  |  | 4,349 |  |  | 8,108 |  |  | 186.4 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 2,799 |  |  | 2,614 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 7.1 | %
Expanded Properties |  | 1,588 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 24.7 | %
|  | $ | 77,021 |  |  | $ | 68,253 |  |  | $ | 8,768 |  |  | 12.8 | %

Rental revenue from same store properties increased slightly for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 from the comparable 2017 period, primarily due to an overall increase in rental charges related to leases executed subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, coupled with increases in rental charges on leases subject to consumer price indexes. Rental revenue increased for acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, because we acquired four properties subsequent to September 30, 2017, offset by a loss of rental revenues from three properties we sold during and subsequent to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 pursuant to our capital recycling program. Rental revenue increased for our properties with vacancy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 because we leased approximately 57,000 square feet of vacant space in properties with partial vacancies during and subsequent to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Rental revenue for expanded properties remained identical for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the three months ended September 30, 2017 because we completed an expansion project during May 2017, and increased rents were reflected during both comparable periods. Rental revenue for expanded properties increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, because we completed an expansion project subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and, therefore, we were able to charge additional rent for such property during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

|  | For the three months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Tenant Recovery Revenue |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | 30.0 | %
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 362 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 119.4 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 4 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (55.6 | )%
Expanded Properties |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
|  | $ | 854 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 304 |  |  | 55.3 | %

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|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Tenant Recovery Revenue |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 1,397 |  |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | 36.0 | %
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 980 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 347.5 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 132 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 222.0 | %
Expanded Properties |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 14.3 | %
|  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |  |  | $ | 1,223 |  |  | 94.5 | %

The increase in same store tenant recovery revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, is a result of increased recoveries from leases with base year expense stops at certain of our properties that were running above base year during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, coupled with recoveries from capital improvements that are allowed to be charged to the tenant. The increase in tenant recovery revenues on acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, is a result of increased recoveries from leases with base year expense stops at properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2017 with base year leases.
Operating Expenses
Depreciation and amortization increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to depreciation on capital projects completed subsequent to September 30, 2017, coupled with depreciation on the four properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2017, partially offset by decreased depreciation on the three properties sold during and subsequent to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

|  | For the three months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Property Operating Expenses |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  | $ | 1,159 |  |  | $ | (85 | ) |  | (7.3 | )%
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 1,360 |  |  | 801 |  |  | 559 |  |  | 69.8 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 200 |  |  | 214 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (6.5 | )%
Expanded Properties |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
|  | $ | 2,638 |  |  | $ | 2,178 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | 21.1 | %

|  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands)
Property Operating Expenses |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Same Store Properties |  | $ | 3,210 |  |  | $ | 3,276 |  |  | $ | (66 | ) |  | (2.0 | )%
Acquired & Disposed Properties |  | 4,323 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 3,228 |  |  | 294.8 | %
Properties with Vacancy |  | 695 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 3.0 | %
Expanded Properties |  | 19 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18.8 | %
|  | $ | 8,247 |  |  | $ | 5,062 |  |  | $ | 3,185 |  |  | 62.9 | %

Property operating expenses consist of franchise taxes, property management fees, insurance, ground lease payments, property maintenance and repair expenses paid on behalf of certain of our properties. The decrease in property operating expenses for same store properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended 2017, is a result of a decrease in landlord obligated property expenses on our triple net leased properties, offset by an increase in property operating expenses at our base year expense stop leased properties. The increase in property operating expenses for acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, is primarily a result of increased property operating expenses from properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2017, as a portion of these properties are subject to base year leases, partially offset by a reduction of operating expenses from three properties sold subsequent to September 30, 2017.
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The base management fee paid to the Adviser decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, due to a decrease in total adjusted stockholders’ equity at September 30, 2018 as compared to September 30, 2017. The base management fee paid to the Adviser increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to an increase in average total adjusted stockholders’ equity over the comparable periods. The calculation of the base management fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”
The incentive fee paid to the Adviser increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to pre-incentive fee Core FFO increasing faster than the hurdle rate, resulting in a higher incentive fee. The increase in FFO is a result of an increase in total operating revenues, partially offset by an increase in total operating expenses and interest expense. The calculation of the incentive fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”
The administration fee paid to the Administrator increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to using a greater share of our Administrator’s resources during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The calculation of the administration fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”
General and administrative expenses decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of a decrease in legal and professional fees, partially offset by an increase in travel expenses.
We did not recognize an impairment charge for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The impairment charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 resulted from an impairment recorded on our Concord Township, Ohio and Newburyport, Massachusetts properties, as we determined a portion of the carrying value of these properties was unrecoverable through our quarterly impairment testing. Both the Concord Township, Ohio property and the Newburyport, Massachusetts property were sold during the year ended December 31, 2017.
Other Income and Expenses
Interest expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily a result of us issuing or assuming $14.1 million in mortgage debt subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, coupled with an approximate 100 basis point increase in one month LIBOR, which is the interest rate benchmark for all of our outstanding variable rate debt, partially offset by our repayment of $16.2 million in maturing mortgage debt during and subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Gain on sale of real estate, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is attributable to two non-core industrial assets sold during the period. Gain on sale of real estate, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is attributable to four non-core industrial assets sold during the period.
Net (Loss) Income (Attributable) Available to Common Stockholders
Net loss attributable to common stockholders decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the increase in total operating revenues related to asset acquisition activity and leasing vacant space, partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization expense, incentive and administration fees and interest expense. Net income available to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, is primarily due to the increase in total operating revenues related to asset acquisition activity and leasing vacant space in addition to the impairment loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses and depreciation and amortization expense, coupled with a decrease in gain on sale of real estate, net.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our sources of liquidity include cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings under our Revolver and issuing additional equity securities. Our available liquidity as of September 30, 2018, was $51.8 million, consisting of approximately $2.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and an available borrowing capacity of $49.3 million under our Revolver. Our available borrowing capacity under the Revolver increased to $54.9 million as of October 30, 2018.
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Future Capital Needs
We actively seek conservative investments that are likely to produce income to pay distributions to our stockholders. We intend to use the proceeds received from future equity raised and debt capital borrowed to continue to invest in industrial and office real property, make mortgage loans, or pay down outstanding borrowings under our Revolver. Accordingly, to ensure that we are able to effectively execute our business strategy, we routinely review our liquidity requirements and continually evaluate all potential sources of liquidity. Our short-term liquidity needs include proceeds necessary to fund our distributions to stockholders, pay the debt service costs on our existing long-term mortgages, refinancing maturing debt and fund our current operating costs. Our long-term liquidity needs include proceeds necessary to grow and maintain our portfolio of investments.
We believe that our available liquidity is sufficient to fund our distributions to stockholders, pay the debt service costs on our existing long-term mortgages and fund our current operating costs in the near term. We also believe we will be able to refinance our mortgage debt as it matures. Additionally, to satisfy our short-term obligations, we may request credits to our management fees that are issued from our Adviser, although our Adviser is under no obligation to provide any such credits, either in whole or in part. We further believe that our cash flow from operations coupled with the financing capital available to us in the future are sufficient to fund our long-term liquidity needs.
Equity Capital
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we raised net proceeds of (i) $10.1 million of common equity under our Common Stock ATM Program at a net weighted average per share price of $19.28, and (ii) $2.2 million under our Series D Preferred ATM Program at a net weighted average per share price of $24.74. We used these proceeds to pay down outstanding debt and for other general corporate purposes. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred pursuant to our Series A and B Preferred ATM Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
As of October 30, 2018, we had the ability to raise up to $282.7 million of additional equity capital through the sale and issuance of securities that are registered under our universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-208953), (the “Universal Shelf”), in one or more future public offerings. Of the $282.7 million of available capacity under our Universal Shelf, approximately $74.8 million of common stock is reserved for additional sales under our Common Stock ATM Program, approximately $37.2 million of preferred stock is reserved for additional sales under our Series A and B Preferred ATM Program, and approximately $18.6 million is reserved for additional sales under our Series D Preferred ATM Program as of October 30, 2018. We expect to continue to use our ATM programs as a source of liquidity for the remainder of 2018.
Debt Capital
As of September 30, 2018, we had 46 mortgage notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $441.7 million, collateralized by a total of 67 properties with a remaining weighted average maturity of 6.1 years. The weighted-average interest rate on the mortgage notes payable as of September 30, 2018 was 4.66%.
We continue to see banks and other non-bank lenders willing to issue mortgages. Consequently, we are focused on obtaining mortgages through regional banks, non-bank lenders and the CMBS market.
As of September 30, 2018, we had mortgage debt in the aggregate principal amount of $10.3 million payable during the remainder of 2018 and $52.3 million payable during 2019. The 2018 principal amounts payable include both amortizing principal payments and one balloon principal payment due during the remaining three months of 2018. We anticipate being able to refinance our mortgages that come due during the remainder of 2018 and 2019 with a combination of new debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. In addition, we have raised substantial equity under our ATM programs and plan to continue to use these programs.
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Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $40.8 million, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $34.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily a result of an increase in rental receipts from acquisitions completed subsequent to September 30, 2017 and contractual rent increases on the in-place portfolio. This increase was partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses. The majority of cash from operating activities is generated from the rental payments and operating expense recoveries that we receive from our tenants. We utilize this cash to fund our property-level operating expenses and use the excess cash primarily for debt and interest payments on our mortgage notes payable, interest payments on our Revolver and Term Loan, distributions to our stockholders, management fees to our Adviser, Administration fees to our Administrator and other entity-level operating expenses.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $14.8 million, which primarily consisted of two property acquisitions, coupled with capital improvements performed at certain of our properties, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of two properties. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was $62.8 million, which primarily consisted of five property acquisitions, coupled with capital improvements performed at certain of our properties, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of four properties.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $30.0 million, which primarily consisted of the repayment of $24.9 million of mortgage principal, coupled with distributions paid to common, senior common and preferred shareholders, partially offset by an increase in borrowings from our Revolver, the issuance of $12.5 million of equity and mezzanine equity and the issuance of $14.1 million of new mortgage debt. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was $28.2 million, which primarily consisted of the issuance of $69.9 million of equity and mezzanine equity and the issuance of $51.2 million of mortgage debt, partially offset by $57.2 million of mortgage principal repayments, coupled with distributions paid to common, senior common and preferred shareholders.
Credit Facility
On August 7, 2013, we procured our Revolver with KeyBank (serving as a revolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent). In October 2015, we expanded our Revolver to $85.0 million, and entered into a Term Loan, whereby we added a $25.0 million, five-year Term Loan subject to the same leverage tiers as the Revolver, with the interest rate at each leverage tier being 5 basis points lower than that of the Revolver. We have the option to repay the Term Loan in full, or in part, at any time without penalty or premium prior to the maturity date. On October 27, 2017, we amended this Credit Facility, increasing the Term Loan from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into multiple interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75% in order to hedge our exposure to variable interest rates. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank National Association and The Huntington National Bank.
As of September 30, 2018, there was $105.9 million outstanding under our Credit Facility at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.97% and $1.2 million outstanding under letters of credit at a weighted average interest rate of 1.75%. As of October 30, 2018, the maximum additional amount we could draw under the Revolver and Term Loan was $54.9 million. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2018.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table reflects our material contractual obligations as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

|  | Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations |  | Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More than 5 Years
Debt Obligations (1) |  | $ | 547,635 |  |  | $ | 53,271 |  |  | $ | 59,109 |  |  | $ | 290,101 |  |  | $ | 145,154 |
Interest on Debt Obligations (2) |  | 108,583 |  |  | 23,149 |  |  | 42,016 |  |  | 26,510 |  |  | 16,908 |
Operating Lease Obligations (3) |  | 5,995 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 895 |  |  | 640 |  |  | 3,995 |
Purchase Obligations (4) |  | 890 |  |  | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 663,103 |  |  | $ | 77,775 |  |  | $ | 102,020 |  |  | $ | 317,251 |  |  | $ | 166,057 |

(1) | Debt obligations represent borrowings under our Revolver, which represents $30.9 million of the debt obligation due in 2021, our Term Loan, which represents $75.0 million of the debt obligation due in 2022, and mortgage notes payable that were outstanding as of September 30, 2018. This figure does not include $0.3 million of premiums and discounts, net and $5.2 million of deferred financing costs, net, which are reflected in mortgage notes payable, net, borrowings under Revolver, net and borrowings under Term Loan, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2) | Interest on debt obligations includes estimated interest on borrowings under our Revolver and Term Loan and mortgage notes payable. The balance and interest rate on our Revolver and Term Loan is variable; thus, the interest payment obligation calculated for purposes of this table was based upon rates and balances as of September 30, 2018.

(3) | Operating lease obligations represent the ground lease payments due on four of our properties.

(4) | Purchase obligations consist of tenant and capital improvements at four of our properties.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2018.
Funds from Operations
The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) developed Funds from Operations (“FFO”) as a relevant non-GAAP supplemental measure of operating performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the same basis determined under GAAP. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, is net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of property and impairment losses on property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
FFO does not represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, which, unlike FFO, generally reflects all cash effects of transactions and other events in the determination of net income. FFO should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance or to cash flows from operations as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions. Comparison of FFO, using the NAREIT definition, to similarly titled measures for other REITs may not necessarily be meaningful due to possible differences in the application of the NAREIT definition used by such REITs.
FFO available to common stockholders is FFO adjusted to subtract distributions made to holders of preferred stock and senior common stock. We believe that net income available to common stockholders is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO available to common stockholders.
Basic funds from operations per share (“Basic FFO per share”), and diluted funds from operations per share (“Diluted FFO per share”), is FFO available to common stockholders divided by the number of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding and FFO available to common stockholders divided by the number of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding on a diluted basis, respectively, during a period. We believe that FFO available to common stockholders, Basic FFO per share and Diluted FFO per share are useful to investors because they provide investors with a further context for evaluating our FFO results in the same manner that investors use net income and earnings per share (“EPS”), in evaluating net income available to common stockholders. In addition, because most REITs provide FFO available to common stockholders, Basic FFO and Diluted FFO per share information to the investment community, we believe these are useful supplemental measures when comparing us to other REITs. We believe that net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO, Basic EPS is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Basic FFO per share, and that Diluted EPS is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Diluted FFO per share.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of our FFO available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income available to common stockholders, and a computation of basic and diluted FFO per weighted average share of common stock:

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
|  | (Dollars in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) |  | (Dollars in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts)
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Calculation of basic FFO per share of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,677 |  |  | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | 9,807 |  |  | $ | 7,403 |
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock |  | (2,847 | ) |  | (2,767 | ) |  | (8,503 | ) |  | (8,074 | )
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 11,807 |  |  | $ | 10,829 |  |  | $ | 35,166 |  |  | $ | 30,673 |
Add: Impairment charge |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,999 |
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1,844 | ) |  | (3,993 | )
FFO available to common stockholders - basic |  | $ | 11,637 |  |  | $ | 10,444 |  |  | $ | 34,626 |  |  | $ | 30,008 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Basic FFO per weighted average share of common stock |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Calculation of diluted FFO per share of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,677 |  |  | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | 9,807 |  |  | $ | 7,403 |
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock |  | (2,847 | ) |  | (2,767 | ) |  | (8,503 | ) |  | (8,074 | )
Net (loss) income (attributable) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | (671 | )
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 11,807 |  |  | $ | 10,829 |  |  | $ | 35,166 |  |  | $ | 30,673 |
Add: Impairment charge |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,999 |
Add: Income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock |  | 235 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 744 |
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1,844 | ) |  | (3,993 | )
FFO available to common stockholders plus assumed conversions |  | $ | 11,872 |  |  | $ | 10,691 |  |  | $ | 35,326 |  |  | $ | 30,752 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic |  | 28,734,380 |  |  | 27,234,569 |  |  | 28,532,224 |  |  | 25,833,423 |
Effect of convertible senior common stock |  | 737,752 |  |  | 773,553 |  |  | 737,752 |  |  | 773,553 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted |  | 29,472,132 |  |  | 28,008,122 |  |  | 29,269,976 |  |  | 26,606,976 |
Diluted FFO per weighted average share of common stock |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Distributions declared per share of common stock |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 0.375 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |  |  | $ | 1.125 |

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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. The primary risk that we believe we are and will be exposed to is interest rate risk. Certain of our leases contain escalations based on market indices, and the interest rate on our Credit Facility is variable. Although we seek to mitigate this risk by structuring such provisions of our loans and leases to contain a minimum interest rate or escalation rate, as applicable, these features do not eliminate this risk. To that end, we have entered into derivative contracts to cap interest rates for our variable rate notes payable, and we have entered into interest rate swaps whereby we pay a fixed interest rate to our respective counterparty, and receive one month LIBOR in return. For details regarding our rate cap agreements and our interest rate swap agreements see Note 6 – Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
To illustrate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we have performed the following analysis, which assumes that our condensed consolidated balance sheets remain constant and that no further actions beyond a minimum interest rate or escalation rate are taken to alter our existing interest rate sensitivity.
The following table summarizes the annual impact of a 1%, 2% and 3% increase, and a 1% and 2% decrease in the one month LIBOR as of September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, our effective average LIBOR was 2.26%. Given that a 3% decrease in LIBOR would result in a negative rate, the impact of this fluctuation is not presented below (dollars in thousands).

Interest Rate Change |  | (Decrease) increase to Interest Expense |  | Net increase (decrease) to Net Income
2% Decrease to LIBOR |  | $ | (3,367 | ) |  | $ | 3,367 |
1% Decrease to LIBOR |  | (1,693 | ) |  | 1,693 |
1% Increase to LIBOR |  | 1,005 |  |  | (1,005 | )
2% Increase to LIBOR |  | 1,326 |  |  | (1,326 | )
3% Increase to LIBOR |  | 1,647 |  |  | (1,647 | )

As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of our mortgage debt outstanding was $435.9 million. Interest rate fluctuations may affect the fair value of our debt instruments. If interest rates on our debt instruments, using rates at September 30, 2018, had been one percentage point higher or lower, the fair value of those debt instruments on that date would have decreased or increased by $16.7 million and $17.9 million, respectively.
The amount outstanding under the Credit Facility approximates fair value as of September 30, 2018.
In the future, we may be exposed to additional effects of interest rate changes, primarily as a result of our Revolver, Term Loan or long-term mortgage debt, which we use to maintain liquidity and fund expansion of our real estate investment portfolio and operations. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we will borrow primarily at fixed rates or variable rates with the lowest margins available and, in some cases, with the ability to convert variable rates to fixed rates. We may also enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps and caps in order to mitigate the interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. We will not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.
In addition to changes in interest rates, the value of our real estate is subject to fluctuations based on changes in local and regional economic conditions and changes in the creditworthiness of lessees and borrowers, all of which may affect our ability to refinance debt, if necessary.
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures.

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2018, our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable SEC rules and forms, including providing a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, in evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of necessarily achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings.

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors.

Our business is subject to certain risks and events that, if they occur, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the trading price of our securities. For a discussion of these risks, please refer to the section captioned “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K. There are no material changes to risks associated with our business or investment in our securities from those previously set forth in the reports described above.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. | Other Information

None.

Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
3.1 |  | Articles of Restatement of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed January 12, 2017.
3.2 |  | Bylaws of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-106024), filed June 11, 2003.

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3.3 |  | First Amendment to Bylaws of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed July 10, 2007.
3.4 |  | Second Amendment to Bylaws of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed December 1, 2016.
3.5 |  | Articles Supplementary, filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation on April 11, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed April 12, 2018.
3.6 |  | Articles of Amendment, filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation on April 11, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed April 12, 2018.
4.1 |  | Form of Certificate for Common Stock of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-106024), filed August 8, 2003.
4.2 |  | Form of Certificate for 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A12G (File No. 000-50363), filed January 19, 2006.
4.3 |  | Form of Certificate for 7.50% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 001-33097), filed October 19, 2006.
4.4 |  | Form of Certificate for 7.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed May 25, 2016.
10.1 |  | Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33097), filed July 11, 2018.
11 |  | Computation of Per Share Earnings from Operations.
12 |  | Statements re: computation of ratios.
31.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1** |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2** |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*** |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*** |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*** |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

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101.LAB*** |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*** |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*** |  | XBRL Definition Linkbase

* | Filed herewith
** | Furnished herewith
*** | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Date: | October 30, 2018 |  | By: |  | /s/ Mike Sodo
|  |  |  |  | Mike Sodo
|  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer
Date: | October 30, 2018 |  | By: |  | /s/ David Gladstone
|  |  |  |  | David Gladstone
|  |  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors

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