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Income taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes

9. Income taxes

For the third quarter, the effective tax rate on continuing operations was (14.0)%, resulting in a benefit of $1.3 million, as compared to 134.6%, resulting in expense of $3.1 million, for the same period in the prior year. Excluding the impact of discrete tax items, the effective tax rate on continuing operations for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015 was 29.2% and 63.3%, respectively. For the first nine months of 2016, the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 43.8%, or $6.7 million, as compared to 427.1%, or $5.8 million, for the same period in the prior year. Excluding the impact of discrete tax items, the effective tax rate on continuing operations for the first nine months of 2016 and 2015 was 66.5% and 279.2%, respectively.

During the third quarter of 2016, the Company changed its estimate relating to the deductibility of certain compensation expenses. This change in estimate reduced tax expense and increased net income from continuing operations by $2.9 million and increased earnings per share by $0.16 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The primary factors affecting the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, were expense categorized as “Charges related to US Government Resolutions,” which represents anticipated settlement payments with substantially no tax benefit, and the change in estimate relating to the deductibility of certain compensation expenses.  Other factors affecting the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and 2015 were the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, state taxes, and current period losses in certain jurisdictions for which the Company does not currently receive a tax benefit.

During the third quarter of 2015, the Internal Revenue Service commenced an examination of the Company’s federal income tax return for 2012. Further, in October 2016, the Company was notified of an examination of the Company’s federal income tax return for 2013. The Company cannot reasonably determine if these examinations will have a material impact on its financial statements and cannot predict the timing regarding resolution of these tax examinations.