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Income taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes

14. Income taxes

Generally, income tax provisions for interim periods are based on an estimated annual income tax rate, adjusted for discrete tax items, with any changes affecting the estimated annual effective tax rate recorded in the interim period in which the change occurs. Due to the impact of losses not benefited by the Company’s U.S. and Italian operations, the Company determined the estimated annual effective tax rate method would not provide a reliable estimate of the Company’s overall annual effective tax rate. As such, the Company has calculated the tax provision using the actual effective rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Due to the impact of temporary differences on the U.S. current tax liability without any deferred tax benefit, the actual effective rate may vary in future quarters.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the effective tax rate was (1.7%) and (14.3%), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the effective tax rate was (2.0%) and (18.4%), respectively. The primary factors affecting the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were certain losses not benefitted and tax amortization on certain acquired intangibles.