The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar (“USD$”).

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates include the assumptions used in the valuation of the significant financing component associated with revenue, fair value-pricing model for stock-based compensation and derivative financial instruments. Financial statements include estimates, which, by their nature, are uncertain. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of Helius Medical Technologies, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. As such, the Company applies the guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 – Consolidation (“ASC 810”), to determine when an entity that is insufficiently capitalized or not controlled through its voting interests, referred to as a variable interest entity should be consolidated (see Note 8). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company is subject to credit risk with respect to its cash. Amounts invested in such instruments are limited by credit rating, maturity, industry group, investment type and issuer. The Company is not currently exposed to any significant concentrations of credit risk from these financial instruments. The Company seeks to maintain safety and preservation of principal and diversification of risk, liquidity of investments sufficient to meet cash flow requirements and a competitive after-tax rate of return.

Receivables are stated at their net realizable value. As of December 31, 2018, receivables consisted primarily of amounts owed related to revenue from the license fee resulting from the strategic alliance agreement executed in 2018 of approximately $0.5 million as well as a refund from a research and development (“R&D”) tax credit of $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2017, receivables included Goods and Services Tax and Quebec Sales Tax refunds related to the Company’s Canadian expenditures.

The Company’s inventory consists of raw materials, primarily related to component parts for the initial launch build of the PoNS device. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (average cost method) or net realizable value. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are made if required. No inventory markdowns to net realizable value were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the related asset or the term of the related lease. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the expected useful life of the assets, are expensed to operations while major repairs are capitalized. The estimated useful life of its leasehold improvements is over the shorter of its lease term or useful life of 5 years, the estimated useful life of furniture and fixtures is 7 years; equipment has an estimated useful life of 15 years and computer software and hardware has an estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years.

The following tables summarizes the Company’s property and equipment as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):

	As of December 31,
	2018			2017
Leasehold improvement	$	182		$	173
Furniture and fixtures		185			—
Equipment		219			—
Computer hardware and software		44			17
Property and equipment		630			190
Less accumulated depreciation		(76	)		(17	)
Property and equipment, net	$	554		$	173

Prior to April 1, 2018, the Company's functional currency was the Canadian dollar (“CAD$”). Translation gains and losses from the application of the USD$ as the reporting currency during the period that the Canadian dollar was the functional currency were included as part of cumulative currency translation adjustment, which is reported as a component of stockholders' equity (deficit) as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company re-assessed its functional currency and determined that, as of April 1, 2018, its functional currency had changed from the CAD$ to the USD$ based on management's analysis of changes in the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. The change in functional currency was accounted for prospectively from April 1, 2018 and financial statements prior to and including the period ended March 31, 2018 were not restated for the change in functional currency.

For periods commencing April 1, 2018, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Opening balances related to non-monetary assets and liabilities are based on prior period translated amounts, and non-monetary assets acquired, and non-monetary liabilities incurred after April 1, 2018 are translated at the approximate exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction. Revenue and expense transactions are translated at the approximate exchange rate in effect at the time of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss as foreign exchange gain (loss).

The functional currency of Helius Canada, the Company’s Canadian subsidiary is the CAD$ and the functional currency of HMI is the USD$. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded into the functional currency of the relevant subsidiary at the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. Any monetary assets and liabilities arising from these transactions are translated into the functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date or on settlement. Revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at the weighted-average rates of exchanges for the reporting period. The resulting currency translation adjustments are not included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the reporting period, but rather are accumulated and gains and losses are recorded in foreign exchange gain (loss), as a component of comprehensive loss, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company accounts for all stock-based payments and awards under the fair value-based method. The Company recognizes its stock-based compensation expense using the straight-line method.

The Company accounts for the granting of stock options to employees and non-employees using the fair value method whereby all awards are measured at fair value on the date of the grant. The fair value of all employee stock options is expensed over the requisite service period with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. Upon exercise of stock options, the consideration paid by the option holder is recorded in additional paid-in capital, while the par value of the shares received is reclassified from additional paid in capital to common stock. Stock options granted to employees are accounted for as liabilities when they contain conditions or other features that are indexed to other than a market, performance or service conditions.

Prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”) during the third quarter of 2018, stock-based payments to non-employees were measured at the fair value of the consideration received, or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, or liabilities incurred, whichever was more reliably measurable, and the fair value of stock-based payments to non-employees was re-measured at the end of each reporting period until the counterparty performance was completed, with any change therein recognized over the vesting period of the award and in the same manner as if the Company had paid cash instead of paying with or using equity-based instruments. The fair value of the stock-based payments to non-employees that were fully vested and non-forfeitable as of the grant date was measured and recognized at that date. Following the adoption of ASU 2018-07, stock-based payments to non-employees are now being measured based on the fair value of the equity instrument issued and compensation expense for non-employee stock awards is recognized over the requisite service period following the measurement of the fair value on the grant date over the vesting period of the award.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected term of the option, risk-free interest rates, the value of the common stock and expected dividend yield of the common stock. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

Awards of options that provide for an exercise price that is not denominated in: (a) the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the Company's equity securities trades in, (b) the currency in which the employee's pay is denominated, or (c) the Company's functional currency, are required to be classified as liabilities. The change in the Company’s functional currency, effective April 1, 2018 resulted in the reclassification of outstanding stock options that were previously denominated in CAD$ from equity- to liability-classified options (see Note 4). Liability classified options are re-measured to their fair values at the end of each reporting date with changes in the fair value recognized in stock-based compensation expense or additional paid-in capital until settlement or cancellation. Under FASB’s ASC 718– Compensation – Stock Compensation, when an award is reclassified from equity to liability, if at the reclassification date the original vesting conditions are expected to be satisfied, then the minimum amount of compensation cost to be recognized is based on the grant date fair value of the original award. Fair value changes below this minimum amount are recorded in additional paid-in capital. In June 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved subject to the consent of the holders of such options the modification of outstanding stock options with exercise prices denominated in CAD$ to convert the exercise prices of such options to USD$ based on the prevailing USD$/CAD$ exchange rates on the dates of the grants for such modified stock options. During the third quarter of 2018, employee and non-employee option holders owning stock options representing an aggregate of 2,741,146 shares of common stock consented to the modification. Employee stock options with a fair value of $10.3 million on August 8, 2018, which were previously classified as stock-based compensation liability, were reclassified to equity during the third quarter of 2018. Following these reclassifications, the Company no longer has any liability-classified stock options as of December 31, 2018 (see Note 4).

In accordance with FASB’s ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (“ASC 606”), the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, it performs the following five steps:

The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all of the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price, after consideration of variability and constraints, if any, that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied.

Prior to the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company had not generated revenue. During the fourth quarter of 2018, as part of its exclusive strategic alliance agreement, the Company transferred a license to Heuro in order for them to develop the clinic systems to facilitate the commercialization of the PoNS Treatment in Canada. The license is a functional license as it has stand-alone functionality. As such, the Company recognized revenue once when control transferred, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2018 when regulatory approval of the PoNS device in Canada was obtained and the commercialization of the product, as defined within the agreement, began. The agreement provides for HTC to pay the Company CAD$750,000 in three annual payments of CAD$250,000 beginning December 31, 2019, in consideration for the exclusivity right the Company granted to Heuro. The Company considered this to be a significant financing component and as such, the amount reflected in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss has been discounted to reflect this. The discount rate utilized to measure revenue and the related receivable was determined based on the rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction with the customer. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recognized revenues of $0.5 million in license fees when it satisfied its performance obligation.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded $0.2 million and $0.3 million in current and non-current receivables, respectively, and had no contract assets or liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets related to this contract. Upon adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, the Company had no contracts that were evaluated under ASC 606.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method provide that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 740 Income Taxes regarding accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The Company initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of the tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. When applicable, the Company classifies penalties and interest associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, clinical studies performed by contract research organizations, development and manufacturing of clinical trial devices and devices for manufacturing testing, materials and supplies as well as regulatory costs. R&D costs are charged to operations when they are incurred.

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company operates and manages its business within one operating and reportable segment. Accordingly, the Company reports the accompanying consolidated financial statements in the aggregate in one reportable segment.

The Company evaluates its financial instruments and other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the derivative is re-measured at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability or asset and the change in fair value is recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s derivative financial instruments were comprised of warrants issued in connection with both public and/or private securities offerings and, as of December 31, 2017, also included certain non-employee stock options. During the third quarter of 2018, these non-employee stock options were reclassified to equity following the modification of these stock options. Upon settlement of a derivative financial instrument, the instrument is re-measured at the settlement date and the fair value of the underlying instrument is reclassified to equity (see Note 4).

The classification of derivative financial instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities/assets or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative financial instruments that become subject to reclassification are reclassified at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative financial instruments will be classified in the consolidated balance sheet as current if the right to exercise or settle the derivative financial instrument lies with the holder.

The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The Company’s financial instruments recorded in its consolidated balance sheets consist primarily of cash, receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and derivative financial instruments. The book values of these instruments, with the exception of derivative financial instruments and non-current receivables, approximate their fair values due to the immediate or short-term nature of these instruments.

The Company’s derivative financial instruments and non-current receivables are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy and required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Unobservable inputs used in the valuation of these financial instruments include volatility of the underlying share price and the expected term. See Note 3 for the inputs used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the roll forward of the derivative financial instruments related to the Company’s warrants. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had no non-employee stock options classified as derivative financial instruments outstanding.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2018
Assets:
Non-current receivable	$	294	$	—	$	—	$	294
Liabilities:
Warrants	$	13,769	$	—	$	—	$	13,769
December 31, 2017
Liabilities:
Non-employee stock options	$	2,637	$	—	$	—	$	2,637
Warrants		6,941		—		—		6,941
Total liabilities	$	9,578	$	-	$	-	$	9,578

There were no transfers between any of the levels during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average of all potentially dilutive shares of common stock that were outstanding during the periods presented.

The treasury stock method is used in calculating diluted EPS for potentially dilutive stock options and share purchase warrants, which assumes that any proceeds received from the exercise of in-the-money stock options and share purchase warrants, would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period, unless including the effects of these potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.

The basic and diluted loss per share for the periods noted below is as follows (amounts in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Basic and Diluted
Numerator
Net loss	$	(28,623	)	$	(28,024	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted		22,786,192			18,632,740
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.26	)	$	(1.50	)

The following outstanding securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted shares outstanding for the periods noted below, as they would have been anti-dilutive due to the Company’s losses coupled with the exercise price of certain of these outstanding securities being greater than the average closing price of the Company’s common stock.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Options outstanding		3,308,049		2,448,646
RSUs		964		1,928
Warrants outstanding		4,004,304		2,379,919
Total		7,313,317		4,830,493

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard establishes a right-of-use, (“ROU”), model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated statement of operations. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements, which provides an optional transition method that, allows entities to initially apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The impact of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The new standard provides several optional practical expedients for use in transition. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients and, accordingly, will not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases nor the lease classification and initial direct costs of any expired or existing leases as of the date of application. In addition, the Company has elected to use the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for its lease. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method on the effective date and accordingly will not restate comparative periods. The new standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss but it will result in an approximate $0.7 million lease liability and right of use asset recognized on its consolidated balance sheets upon adoption.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). This standard expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. The guidance specifies that Topic 718 will be applied to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods and services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. ASU 2018-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company early adopted the standard and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which adds disclosure requirements to Topic 820 for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2018-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.