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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded income tax expense of $2.8 million and $2.4 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $3.7 million and $6.0 million, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate was 51% and (27)% for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 12% and (27)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company’s 2018 income tax expense and rate differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of a reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax positions and U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company’s 2017 income tax expense and rate differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the period. During the second quarter of 2017, the IRS income tax audit for tax years 2010 through 2014 was settled, which did not result in any material change to the Company's income tax expense.

The Company continues to monitor the realization of its deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation allowance. The Company analyzes available positive and negative evidence to determine if a valuation allowance is needed based on the weight of the evidence. This objectively verifiable evidence primarily includes the past three years' profit and loss positions. This process requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that are uncertain in nature. The Company has established valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets in U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions and continues to monitor and assess potential valuation allowances in all its jurisdictions.

The 2017 TCJA was enacted on December 22, 2017, and includes a number of changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings and a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  The 2017 TCJA also created a new requirement that certain income (i.e., global intangible low taxed income, hereinafter referred to as GILTI) earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder.  Consistent with guidance issued by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 118, which provides for a measurement period of one year from the enactment date to finalize the accounting for effects of the 2017 TCJA, the Company has provisionally recorded no additional income tax expense related to the one-time mandatory deemed repatriation provision of the 2017 TCJA. For 2018, the Company has estimated an amount of GILTI income that is included in the calculation of 2018 income tax expense. This GILTI income inclusion, however, is fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance. The remeasurement of the U.S. net deferred asset from the 2017 corporate income tax rate change was fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance in 2017.