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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded income tax expense (benefit) of $1.9 million and $(0.8) million for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate was 66% and (5)% for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company’s 2019 income tax expense and rate differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The Company’s 2018 income tax expense and rate differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of a reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax positions and U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company continues to monitor the realization of its deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation allowance. The Company analyzes available positive and negative evidence to determine if a valuation allowance is needed based on the weight of the evidence. This objectively verifiable evidence primarily includes the past three years' profit and loss positions. This process requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that are uncertain in nature. The Company has established valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets in U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions and continues to monitor and assess potential valuation allowances in all its jurisdictions.

The 2017 TCJA was enacted on December 22, 2017, and included a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses, including a one-time deemed repatriation of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings and a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  Under U.S. GAAP, changes in tax rates and tax law are accounted for in the period of enactment and deferred tax assets and liabilities are re-measured at the enacted tax rate. The re-measured U.S. net deferred asset was fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance in 2017. The Company’s net cumulative undistributed foreign earnings were a cumulative loss and therefore no additional income tax expense related to the one-time deemed repatriation toll charge was recorded in 2017.

The 2017 TCJA also created a new requirement that certain income (i.e., global intangible low taxed income, hereinafter referred to as GILTI) earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder. For 2018 and 2019, the Company has estimated an amount of GILTI income that is included in the calculation of 2018 and 2019 income tax expense. This GILTI income inclusion, however, is fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance.