false--12-31 Q3 2019 0000899751 0 0.0001 120000000 120000000 60715356 4000 40000 79000 311000 798383 548881 0000899751 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 2019-10-31 0000899751 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 2019-09-30 0000899751 2018-12-31 0000899751 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-01-01 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2019-04-01 2019-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:DeferredCompensationShareBasedPaymentsMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:DeferredCompensationShareBasedPaymentsMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 2017-12-31 0000899751 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:DeferredCompensationShareBasedPaymentsMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-04-01 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ParentMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-01-01 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:DeferredCompensationShareBasedPaymentsMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 us-gaap:DeferredCompensationShareBasedPaymentsMember 2018-06-30 0000899751 2018-03-31 0000899751 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:TreasuryStockMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:NoncontrollingInterestMember 2018-03-31 0000899751 2017-09-30 0000899751 2016-12-31 0000899751 twi:SeniorSecuredNotes6.50PercentMemberMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201602Member 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201802Member 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementEarlyAdoptionEffectMember 2018-01-01 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovementsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovementsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ToolsDiesAndMoldsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:ToolsDiesAndMoldsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 twi:TitanEuropeMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:LongTermDebtMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 twi:SeniorSecuredNotes6.50PercentMemberMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 twi:TitanEuropeMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:LongTermDebtMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OtherDebtSecuritiesMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 twi:TitanBrazilMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 twi:VoltyrePromMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 2019-07-31 2019-07-31 0000899751 twi:RDIFMember 2019-07-31 0000899751 2019-07-31 0000899751 twi:OneEquityPartnersMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:PensionPlansDefinedBenefitMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityNotPrimaryBeneficiaryMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityNotPrimaryBeneficiaryMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 twi:TitanTireRussiaB.V.Member 2019-06-30 0000899751 twi:TitanNationalAustraliaHoldingsMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 twi:TitanTireReclamationCorporationMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 2017-01-01 2017-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:UnfavorableRegulatoryActionMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:JudicialRulingMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:ConsumerMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:EarthmovingconstructionMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember twi:AgriculturalMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2019-01-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2019-07-01 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-07-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:GuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:NonGuarantorSubsidiariesMember 2017-12-31 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2018-01-01 2018-09-30 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 srt:ConsolidationEliminationsMember 2018-12-31 0000899751 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2019-10-03 0000899751 twi:WheelsIndiaLimitedMember 2019-09-30 0000899751 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2019-10-03 2019-10-03 xbrli:shares xbrli:pure iso4217:USD xbrli:shares iso4217:USD
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2019
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 1-12936
TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-3228472
(State of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
(217) 228-6011
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value | TWI | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☑
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate the number of shares of Titan International, Inc. outstanding: 60,287,585 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, as of October 31, 2019.

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 30
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 41
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 41
Part II. | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 42
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 42
Item 6. | Exhibits | 42
| Signatures | 43

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(All amounts in thousands, except per share data)

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 345,905 |  |  | $ | 384,719 |  |  | $ | 1,146,876 |  |  | $ | 1,239,005 |
Cost of sales | 318,805 |  |  | 341,015 |  |  | 1,036,204 |  |  | 1,077,428 |
Gross profit | 27,100 |  |  | 43,704 |  |  | 110,672 |  |  | 161,577 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 34,954 |  |  | 33,709 |  |  | 106,605 |  |  | 102,308 |
Research and development expenses | 2,309 |  |  | 2,591 |  |  | 7,470 |  |  | 8,222 |
Royalty expense | 2,453 |  |  | 2,581 |  |  | 7,507 |  |  | 7,878 |
(Loss) income from operations | (12,616 | ) |  | 4,823 |  |  | (10,910 | ) |  | 43,169 |
Interest expense | (8,357 | ) |  | (7,596 | ) |  | (24,585 | ) |  | (22,786 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain | (2,266 | ) |  | 855 |  |  | 2,218 |  |  | (7,187 | )
Other income | 5,259 |  |  | 7,437 |  |  | 8,324 |  |  | 17,664 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | (17,980 | ) |  | 5,519 |  |  | (24,953 | ) |  | 30,860 |
Provision for income taxes | 2,064 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 3,738 |
Net (loss) income | (20,044 | ) |  | 2,678 |  |  | (25,714 | ) |  | 27,122 |
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (900 | ) |  | 383 |  |  | (2,124 | ) |  | (1,256 | )
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan | (19,144 | ) |  | 2,295 |  |  | (23,590 | ) |  | 28,378 |
Redemption value adjustment | (491 | ) |  | (4,045 | ) |  | (1,928 | ) |  | (11,066 | )
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders | $ | (19,635 | ) |  | $ | (1,750 | ) |  | $ | (25,518 | ) |  | $ | 17,312 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.33 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.43 | ) |  | $ | 0.29 |
Diluted | $ | (0.33 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.43 | ) |  | $ | 0.29 |
Average common shares and equivalents outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 60,161 |  |  | 59,897 |  |  | 60,037 |  |  | 59,787 |
Diluted | 60,161 |  |  | 59,897 |  |  | 60,037 |  |  | 59,893 |
Dividends declared per common share: | $ | 0.005 |  |  | $ | 0.005 |  |  | $ | 0.015 |  |  | $ | 0.015 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(All amounts in thousands)

| Three months ended
| September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net (loss) income | $ | (20,044 | ) |  | $ | 2,678 |
Currency translation adjustment | (20,324 | ) |  | (13,577 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax of $79 and $4, respectively | 590 |  |  | 733 |
Comprehensive loss | (39,778 | ) |  | (10,166 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | (1,213 | ) |  | (811 | )
Comprehensive loss attributable to Titan | $ | (38,565 | ) |  | $ | (9,355 | )

| Nine months ended
| September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net (loss) income | $ | (25,714 | ) |  | $ | 27,122 |
Currency translation adjustment | (19,280 | ) |  | (43,853 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax of $311 and $(40), respectively | 1,594 |  |  | 2,306 |
Comprehensive loss | (43,400 | ) |  | (14,425 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | (897 | ) |  | (4,036 | )
Comprehensive loss attributable to Titan | $ | (42,503 | ) |  | $ | (10,389 | )

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(All amounts in thousands, except share data)

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 78,603 |  |  | $ | 81,685 |
Accounts receivable, net | 221,228 |  |  | 241,832 |
Inventories | 351,871 |  |  | 395,735 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 80,692 |  |  | 60,229 |
Total current assets | 732,394 |  |  | 779,481 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 366,121 |  |  | 384,872 |
Operating lease assets | 23,497 |  |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | 1,657 |  |  | 2,874 |
Other assets | 65,933 |  |  | 84,029 |
Total assets | $ | 1,189,602 |  |  | $ | 1,251,256 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 64,228 |  |  | $ | 51,885 |
Accounts payable | 182,337 |  |  | 212,129 |
Other current liabilities | 119,383 |  |  | 111,054 |
Total current liabilities | 365,948 |  |  | 375,068 |
Long-term debt | 464,827 |  |  | 409,572 |
Deferred income taxes | 7,435 |  |  | 9,416 |
Other long-term liabilities | 78,216 |  |  | 67,290 |
Total liabilities | 916,426 |  |  | 861,346 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | 25,000 |  |  | 119,813 |
Equity |  |  |  |  |
Titan shareholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Common stock ($0.0001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized, 60,715,356 issued at September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018) | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 533,538 |  |  | 519,498 |
Retained deficit | (49,197 | ) |  | (29,048 | )
Treasury stock (at cost, 548,881 and 798,383 shares, respectively) | (6,490 | ) |  | (7,831 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (233,620 | ) |  | (203,571 | )
Total Titan shareholders’ equity | 244,231 |  |  | 279,048 |
Noncontrolling interests | 3,945 |  |  | (8,951 | )
Total equity | 248,176 |  |  | 270,097 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,189,602 |  |  | $ | 1,251,256 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data)

| Number of common shares |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained (deficit) earnings |  | Treasury stock |  | Stock reserved for deferred compensation |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Total Titan Equity |  | Noncontrolling interest |  | Total Equity
Balance January 1, 2018 | 59,800,559 |  |  | $ | 531,708 |  |  | $ | (44,022 | ) |  | $ | (8,606 | ) |  | $ | (1,075 | ) |  | $ | (157,076 | ) |  | $ | 320,929 |  |  | $ | (10,845 | ) |  | $ | 310,084 |
Net income (loss) * |  |  |  |  | 17,647 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,647 |  |  | (1,164 | ) |  | 16,483 |
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,423 |  |  | 7,423 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 7,714 |
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 883 |  |  | 883 |  |  |  |  | 883 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  | (299 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (299 | ) |  |  |  | (299 | )
Accounting standards adoption |  |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 123 |
Redemption value adjustment |  |  | (2,343 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,343 | ) |  |  |  | (2,343 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  | 73 |
VIE contributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 476 |  |  | 476 |
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 10,211 |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  |  | 133 |
Balance March 31, 2018 | 59,810,770 |  |  | $ | 529,480 |  |  | $ | (26,586 | ) |  | $ | (8,515 | ) |  | $ | (1,075 | ) |  | $ | (148,770 | ) |  | $ | 344,534 |  |  | $ | (11,207 | ) |  | $ | 333,327 |
Net income (loss) * |  |  |  |  | 8,436 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,436 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 8,422 |
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (36,113 | ) |  | (36,113 | ) |  | 330 |  |  | (35,783 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 690 |  |  | 690 |  |  |  |  | 690 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  | (300 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (300 | ) |  |  |  | (300 | )
Restricted stock awards | 30,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Acquisition of additional interest |  |  | (1,032 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,325 | ) |  | (5,357 | ) |  | 5,208 |  |  | (149 | )
Redemption value adjustment |  |  | (4,678 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,678 | ) |  |  |  | (4,678 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 545 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  |  | 545 |
VIE distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1,429 | ) |  | (1,429 | )
Deferred compensation transactions |  |  | 113 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  |  | 1,188 |  |  |  |  | 1,188 |
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 12,011 |  |  | 38 |  |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  |  | 146 |
Balance June 30, 2018 | 59,852,781 |  |  | $ | 524,466 |  |  | $ | (18,450 | ) |  | $ | (8,407 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (188,518 | ) |  | $ | 309,091 |  |  | $ | (7,112 | ) |  | $ | 301,979 |
Net income * |  |  |  |  | 2,295 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | 3,323 |
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (12,383 | ) |  | (12,383 | ) |  | (145 | ) |  | (12,528 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 733 |  |  | 733 |  |  |  |  | 733 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  | (301 | )
Restricted stock awards | 31,897 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Redemption value adjustment |  |  | (4,045 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,045 | ) |  |  |  | (4,045 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  |  | 229 |
VIE distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (889 | ) |  | (889 | )
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 12,941 |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  |  | 142 |
Balance September 30, 2018 | 59,897,619 |  |  | $ | 520,389 |  |  | $ | (16,456 | ) |  | $ | (8,004 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (200,168 | ) |  | $ | 295,761 |  |  | $ | (7,118 | ) |  | $ | 288,643 |

* Net income (loss) excludes net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $(515), $54, and $(645) for the three months ended March 31, 2018; June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018, respectively. Currency translation adjustment excludes $348, $(2,555), and $(1,049) of currency translation related to redeemable noncontrolling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2018; June 30, 2018; and September 30, 2018, respectively.
4

| Number of common shares |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained (deficit) earnings |  | Treasury stock |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Total Titan Equity |  | Noncontrolling interest |  | Total Equity
Balance January 1, 2019 | 59,916,973 |  |  | $ | 519,498 |  |  | $ | (29,048 | ) |  | $ | (7,831 | ) |  | $ | (203,571 | ) |  | $ | 279,048 |  |  | $ | (8,951 | ) |  | $ | 270,097 |
Net income (loss) * |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,977 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,977 |  |  | (636 | ) |  | 1,341 |
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,281 | ) |  | (5,281 | ) |  | 474 |  |  | (4,807 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 466 |  |  | 466 |  |  |  |  | 466 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  | (301 | )
Accounting standards adoption |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,346 |  |  |  |  | (4,933 | ) |  | (587 | ) |  |  |  |  | (587 | )
Redeemable noncontrolling interest activity |  |  |  | 9,437 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,437 |  |  | 15,445 |  |  | 24,882 |
Redemption value adjustment |  |  |  | (776 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (776 | ) |  |  |  | (776 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  |  | 269 |
VIE distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1,054 | ) |  | (1,054 | )
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 29,414 |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  |  |  | 264 |  |  |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  |  | 141 |
Balance March 31, 2019 | 59,946,387 |  |  | $ | 528,305 |  |  | $ | (23,026 | ) |  | $ | (7,567 | ) |  | $ | (213,319 | ) |  | $ | 284,393 |  |  | $ | 5,278 |  |  | $ | 289,671 |
Net (loss) income * |  |  |  |  | (6,424 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (6,424 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (6,412 | )
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 5,102 |
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 538 |  |  | 538 |  |  |  |  | 538 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  |  | (301 | )
Redemption value adjustment |  |  | (661 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (661 | ) |  |  |  | (661 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 286 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  |  | 286 |
VIE distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (450 | ) |  | (450 | )
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 53,983 |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  |  | 485 |  |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  |  | 318 |
Balance June 30, 2019 | 60,000,370 |  |  | $ | 527,763 |  |  | $ | (29,751 | ) |  | $ | (7,082 | ) |  | $ | (207,996 | ) |  | $ | 282,934 |  |  | $ | 5,157 |  |  | $ | 288,091 |
Net loss * |  |  |  |  | (19,144 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (19,144 | ) |  | (680 | ) |  | (19,824 | )
Currency translation adjustment, net * |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,011 | ) |  | (20,011 | ) |  | (247 | ) |  | (20,258 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 590 |  |  | 590 |  |  |  |  | 590 |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  |  | (302 | )
Acquisition of additional interest |  |  | 6,203 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,203 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Redemption value adjustment |  |  | (491 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (491 | ) |  |  |  | (491 | )
Stock-based compensation | 100,118 |  |  | 347 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  |  | 347 |
VIE distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (285 | ) |  | (285 | )
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 65,987 |  |  | (284 | ) |  |  |  | 592 |  |  |  |  | 308 |  |  |  |  | 308 |
Balance September 30, 2019 | 60,166,475 |  |  | $ | 533,538 |  |  | $ | (49,197 | ) |  | $ | (6,490 | ) |  | $ | (233,620 | ) |  | $ | 244,231 |  |  | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 248,176 |

* Net income (loss) excludes $(334), $(265), and $(220) of net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2019; June 30, 2019; and September 30, 2019, respectively. Currency translation adjustment excludes $428, $321, and $(66) of currency translation related to redeemable noncontrolling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2019; June 30, 2019; and September 30, 2019, respectively.
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(All amounts in thousands)

| Nine months ended September 30,
Cash flows from operating activities: | 2019 |  | 2018
Net (loss) income | $ | (25,714 | ) |  | $ | 27,122 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used for operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 41,347 |  |  | 43,395 |
Deferred income tax provision | (738 | ) |  | (863 | )
Gain on investment sale | (4,695 | ) |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | 959 |  |  | 847 |
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan | 767 |  |  | 421 |
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss | (2,327 | ) |  | 3,667 |
(Increase) decrease in assets: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 16,124 |  |  | (52,818 | )
Inventories | 36,920 |  |  | (62,560 | )
Prepaid and other current assets | (3,073 | ) |  | 2,299 |
Other assets | (1,110 | ) |  | (6,021 | )
Increase (decrease) in liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | (24,998 | ) |  | 25,213 |
Other current liabilities | 3,634 |  |  | (5,072 | )
Other liabilities | (5,884 | ) |  | (8,336 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 31,212 |  |  | (32,706 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (26,254 | ) |  | (26,498 | )
Payments related to redeemable noncontrolling interest | (71,722 | ) |  | — |
Other | 1,354 |  |  | 1,484 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (96,622 | ) |  | (25,014 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 124,153 |  |  | 48,108 |
Payment on debt | (59,296 | ) |  | (30,139 | )
Dividends paid | (901 | ) |  | (900 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 63,956 |  |  | 17,069 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (1,628 | ) |  | (6,120 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (3,082 | ) |  | (46,771 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 81,685 |  |  | 143,570 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 78,603 |  |  | $ | 96,799 |
Supplemental information: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 18,060 |  |  | $ | 16,814 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received | $ | 6,120 |  |  | $ | 7,379 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

1. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of Titan International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Titan or the Company) and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2019, and the results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 7, 2019 (the 2018 Form 10-K). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments
The Company records all financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, other accruals, and notes payable at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term or stated rates. Investments in marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value. The 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 (senior secured notes) were carried at a cost of $395.7 million at September 30, 2019. The fair value of the senior secured notes at September 30, 2019, as obtained through an independent pricing source, was approximately $319.4 million.
Cash dividends
The Company declared cash dividends of $0.005 per share of common stock for each of the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The third quarter 2019 cash dividend of $0.005 per share of common stock was paid on October 15, 2019, to shareholders of record on September 30, 2019.
New accounting standards:
Adoption of new accounting standards
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" (the New Lease Standard) to increase transparency and comparability among entities by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about lease arrangements. Titan elected the modified retrospective with cumulative effect transition approach to adopt the New Lease Standard and thus will not restate its comparative periods in the year of transition. The Company adopted the practical expedients of the New Lease Standard which include (i) not reassessing whether expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) not reassessing the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) not revaluing initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, which resulted in a net credit adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019, of $0.6 million. The New Lease Standard did not materially impact operating results or liquidity. Further disclosures related to the New Lease Standard are included in Note 10, Leases.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-02, "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" effective January 1, 2019. The amendments in this update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the 2017 TCJA). Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 TCJA and improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. As a result of adopting this standard, the Company recorded a $4.9 million reclassification to decrease accumulated other comprehensive income and increase retained earnings as of January 1, 2019.
7

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (the New Revenue Standard), effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach which requires the recognition of the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to opening retained earnings for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of the New Revenue Standard resulted in the recognition of an immaterial cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, and had an immaterial effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under the New Revenue Standard, which prescribes that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Titan recognizes revenue when the performance obligations specified in the Company's contracts have been satisfied. Titan's contracts typically contain a single performance obligation that is fulfilled on the date of delivery based on shipping terms stipulated in the contract. The impact of the Company's adoption of the New Revenue Standard on net sales was immaterial and the disaggregation of revenues, which is based on the major markets the Company serves, has not changed from how it is presented in Note 18, Segment Information in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" on January 1, 2018, using the retrospective transition method. This standard changed the presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (net benefit cost) within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Under the previous guidance, net benefit cost was reported as an employee cost within operating income. The amendment requires the bifurcation of net benefit cost, with the service cost component to be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income, while the other components will be reported separately outside of income from operations.
The Company early-adopted ASU No. 2018-15, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract," effective September 30, 2018, using the retrospective approach. ASU 2018-15 requires a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to apply the guidance on internal-use software to determine which implementation costs to recognize as an asset and which costs to expense. Costs to develop or obtain internal-use software that cannot be capitalized under Subtopic 350-40, such as training costs and certain data conversion costs, also cannot be capitalized for a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments in this update require a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to determine whether an implementation activity relates to the preliminary project stage, the application development stage, or the post-implementation stage. Costs for implementation activities in the application development stage will be capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages will be expensed. As a result of the adoption of this accounting standard, the Company capitalized an aggregate of $7.4 million of implementation costs for the year ended December 31, 2018, from selling, general and administration in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations to other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118." This ASU updates the income tax accounting in US GAAP to reflect the SEC's interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the 2017 TCJA was enacted.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting." This update provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Disclosure requirements under Topic 718 remain unchanged. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements; no changes were made to the terms or conditions of share-based payments.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." This update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, with no resulting changes to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans." The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
2. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable | $ | 224,451 |  |  | $ | 245,236 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (3,223 | ) |  | (3,404 | )
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 221,228 |  |  | $ | 241,832 |

Accounts receivable are reduced by an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based on known risks and historical losses.
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Raw material | $ | 92,468 |  |  | $ | 110,806 |
Work-in-process | 53,218 |  |  | 55,543 |
Finished goods | 206,185 |  |  | 229,386 |
| $ | 351,871 |  |  | $ | 395,735 |

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is estimated based on current selling prices. Inventory costs are calculated using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method or average cost method. Estimated provisions are established for slow-moving and obsolete inventory.
9

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Land and improvements | $ | 44,658 |  |  | $ | 43,562 |
Buildings and improvements | 256,251 |  |  | 255,451 |
Machinery and equipment | 592,450 |  |  | 592,932 |
Tools, dies and molds | 110,302 |  |  | 109,537 |
Construction-in-process | 19,839 |  |  | 18,867 |
| 1,023,500 |  |  | 1,020,349 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (657,379 | ) |  | (635,477 | )
| $ | 366,121 |  |  | $ | 384,872 |

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, totaled $38.9 million and $40.7 million, respectively.
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
The components of intangible assets consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| Weighted Average Useful Lives (in years) September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Amortizable intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | 7.9 |  | $ | 12,151 |  |  | $ | 12,967 |
Patents, trademarks and other | 7.8 |  | 11,224 |  |  | 11,356 |
Total at cost |  |  | 23,375 |  |  | 24,323 |
Less accumulated amortization |  |  | (13,407 | ) |  | (12,676 | )
|  |  | $ | 9,968 |  |  | $ | 11,647 |

Amortization related to intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, totaled $1.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Intangible assets are included as a component of other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The estimated aggregate amortization expense at September 30, 2019, for each of the years (or other periods) set forth below was as follows (amounts in thousands):

October 1 - December 31, 2019 | $ | 573 |
2020 | 2,029 |
2021 | 1,331 |
2022 | 955 |
2023 | 955 |
Thereafter | 4,125 |
| $ | 9,968 |

10

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
6. WARRANTY
Changes in the warranty liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

| 2019 |  | 2018
Warranty liability, January 1 | $ | 16,327 |  |  | $ | 18,612 |
Provision for warranty liabilities | 3,599 |  |  | 5,522 |
Warranty payments made | (4,969 | ) |  | (5,407 | )
Warranty liability, September 30 | $ | 14,957 |  |  | $ | 18,727 |

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments. The majority of the Company’s products are subject to a limited warranty that ranges between less than one year and ten years, with certain product warranties being prorated after the first year. The Company calculates a provision for warranty expense based on past warranty experience. Warranty accruals are included as a component of other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
7. REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019
| Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Debt Issuance |  | Net Carrying Amount
6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 | $ | 400,000 |  |  | $ | (4,259 | ) |  | $ | 395,741 |
Titan Europe credit facilities | 41,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,236 |
Revolving credit facility | 59,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,000 |
Other debt | 28,202 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,202 |
Capital leases | 4,876 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,876 |
Total debt | 533,314 |  |  | (4,259 | ) |  | 529,055 |
Less amounts due within one year | 64,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,228 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 469,086 |  |  | $ | (4,259 | ) |  | $ | 464,827 |

| December 31, 2018
| Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Debt Issuance |  | Net Carrying Amount
6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 | $ | 400,000 |  |  | $ | (4,897 | ) |  | $ | 395,103 |
Titan Europe credit facilities | 35,115 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,115 |
Other debt | 28,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,429 |
Capital leases | 2,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,810 |
Total debt | 466,354 |  |  | (4,897 | ) |  | 461,457 |
Less amounts due within one year | 51,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,885 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 414,469 |  |  | $ | (4,897 | ) |  | $ | 409,572 |

11

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Aggregate principal maturities of long-term debt at September 30, 2019, for each of the years (or other periods) set forth below were as follows (amounts in thousands):

October 1 - December 31, 2019 | $ | 43,914 |
2020 | 22,159 |
2021 | 2,810 |
2022 | 61,891 |
2023 | 401,593 |
Thereafter | 947 |
| $ | 533,314 |

6.50% senior secured notes due 2023
The senior secured notes are due November 2023. Including the impact of debt issuance costs, these notes had an effective yield of 6.79% at issuance. These notes are secured by the land and buildings of the following subsidiaries of the Company: Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport, and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois.
Titan Europe credit facilities
The Titan Europe credit facilities include borrowings from various institutions totaling $41.2 million in aggregate principal amount at September 30, 2019. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year to nine years. The Titan Europe facilities are secured by the assets of Titan's subsidiaries in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Brazil.
Revolving credit facility
The Company has a $125 million revolving credit facility (credit facility) with agent BMO Harris Bank N.A. and other financial institutions party thereto. The credit facility is collateralized by accounts receivable and inventory of certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and is scheduled to mature in February 2022. From time to time Titan's availability under this credit facility may be less than $125 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit and eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. At September 30, 2019, under the credit facility there were $59.0 million in borrowings, a $10.3 million letter of credit, and the amount available totaled $37.3 million.
Other debt
The Company has working capital loans at Titan Pneus do Brasil Ltda and Voltyre-Prom at various interest rates, which totaled $8.2 million and $19.6 million at September 30, 2019, respectively. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year to three years.
8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company uses financial derivatives to mitigate its exposure to volatility in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value. The Company has not designated these financial instruments as hedging instruments. Any gain or loss on the re-measurement of the fair value is recorded as an offset to currency exchange gain/loss. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded currency exchange losses related to these derivatives of $0.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively; and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded currency exchange gains related to these derivatives of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
12

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
9. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
The Company, in partnership with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), owned all of the equity interests in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia. The Company is party to a shareholders' agreement with OEP and RDIF (Shareholders' Agreement) which was entered into in connection with the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The agreement contains a settlement put option which was exercisable during a six-month period beginning July 9, 2018. The settlement put option required Titan to purchase the equity interests from OEP and RDIF in Voltyre-Prom with cash or Titan common stock, at a value set by the agreement. The value set by the agreement was the greater of: the aggregate of the investment of the selling party and an amount representing an internal rate of return of 8%, or the last twelve months of EBITDA multiplied by 5.5 less net debt times the selling party's ownership percentage.
On November 14, 2018, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from RDIF. On February 11, 2019, the Company entered into a definitive agreement (the "Agreement") with an affiliate of RDIF relating to the put option that was exercised by RDIF. The transactions contemplated by the Agreement closed on February 22, 2019. Under the terms of the Agreement, in full satisfaction of the settlement put option that was exercised by RDIF, Titan paid to RDIF $25 million in cash at the closing of the transaction, and agreed, subject to the completion of regulatory approval, to issue to RDIF in a private placement 4,032,259 shares of restricted Titan common stock. Due to pending regulatory approval, the issuance of the shares of restricted Titan common stock pursuant to the Agreement was not completed as of September 30, 2019. Immediately following the closing, RDIF continued to own the same interest in Voltyre-Prom, subject to the terms of the Agreement and the Shareholders’ Agreement. Titan has retained the right to buy back the Titan shares from RDIF for $25 million until February 12, 2022, the three-year anniversary of the signing of the Agreement, and, if the stock buyback is consummated within the first year, at the time of such buyback, RDIF would be required to convey to Titan, based on current ownership, a 10.71% interest in Voltyre-Prom, resulting in RDIF reducing its interest in Voltyre-Prom from 35.7% to 25%.
On January 8, 2019, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from OEP. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company made a payment to OEP in the amount of $16.0 million representing the majority of the interest on the amount due to OEP with respect to the put option. On July 30, 2019, Titan Luxembourg S.à r.l. (the “Titan Purchaser”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a sale purchase agreement (the “OEP Agreement”) with subsidiaries of OEP, relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders’ Agreement that was exercised by OEP. Pursuant to the terms of the OEP Agreement, on July 31, 2019, the Titan Purchaser paid to OEP $30.7 million in cash, which, together with the Titan Purchaser’s prior payment to OEP of $16.0 million during the second quarter of 2019, were made in full satisfaction of the settlement put option exercised by OEP under the Shareholders’ Agreement. Immediately following the closing, OEP ceased to have any ownership interests in, and the Titan Purchaser and RDIF owned 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, of, Voltyre-Prom.
As of September 30, 2019, the value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest held by RDIF was recorded at $25 million, the value of the shares of restricted stock to be issued pursuant to the terms of the agreement.
The following is a reconciliation of redeemable noncontrolling interest as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

| 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at January 1 | $ | 119,813 |  |  | $ | 113,193 |
Reclassification as a result of Agreement regarding put option | (49,883 | ) |  | — |
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest | (46,722 | ) |  | — |
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | (819 | ) |  | (1,106 | )
Currency translation | 683 |  |  | (3,256 | )
Redemption value adjustment | 1,928 |  |  | 11,066 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 119,897 |

This obligation represents the value of the restricted common stock due to RDIF on September 30, 2019, and is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is treated as mezzanine equity.
13

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
10. LEASES
The Company leases certain buildings and equipment under both operating and finance leases. Certain lease agreements provide for renewal options, fair value purchase options, and payment of property taxes, maintenance, and insurance by the Company. Under ASC 842, the Company made an accounting policy election, by class of underlying asset, not to separate non-lease components such as those previously stated from lease components and instead will treat the lease agreement as a single lease component for all asset classes. Operating right-of-use (ROU) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Titan's obligations to make lease payments arising from the lease. The majority of Titan's leases are operating leases. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of Titan's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate (6.79%), based on the information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Amortization expense associated with finance leases is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, and interest expense associated with finance leases is included in interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Short-term operating leases, which have an initial term of twelve months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (amounts in thousands):

| Balance Sheet Classification |  | September 30, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets | Operating lease assets |  | $ | 23,497 |
Operating lease current liabilities | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 6,871 |
Operating lease long-term liabilities | Other long-term liabilities |  | 17,051 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  |  | $ | 23,922 |
Finance lease, gross | Property, plant & equipment, net |  | $ | 6,897 |
Finance lease accumulated depreciation | Property, plant & equipment, net |  | (1,979 | )
Finance lease, net |  |  | $ | 4,918 |
Finance lease current liabilities | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 1,145 |
Finance lease long-term liabilities | Long-term debt |  | 3,731 |
Total finance lease liabilities |  |  | $ | 4,876 |

At September 30, 2019, maturity of lease liabilities were as follows (amounts in thousands):

| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
October 1 - December 31, 2019 | $ | 3,255 |  |  | $ | 597 |
2020 | 7,669 |  |  | 1,318 |
2021 | 5,922 |  |  | 1,259 |
2022 | 4,297 |  |  | 1,171 |
2023 | 2,899 |  |  | 911 |
Thereafter | 4,894 |  |  | 530 |
Total lease payments | $ | 28,936 |  |  | $ | 5,786 |
Less imputed interest | 5,014 |  |  | 910 |
| $ | 23,922 |  |  | $ | 4,876 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | 4.8 |  |  | 4.4 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows: operating cash flows from operating leases were $7.3 million and operating cash flows from finance leases were $0.2 million.
14

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees or former employees of three U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also has pension plans covering certain employees of several foreign subsidiaries. The Company also sponsors a number of defined contribution plans in the U.S. and at foreign subsidiaries. The Company contributed approximately $1.8 million to the pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and expects to contribute approximately $1.0 million to the pension plans during the remainder of 2019.
The components of net periodic pension cost consisted of the following for the periods set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Service cost | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 447 |
Interest cost | 1,075 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | 3,304 |  |  | 3,237 |
Expected return on assets | (1,186 | ) |  | (1,487 | ) |  | (3,563 | ) |  | (4,470 | )
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost | 56 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 150 |
Amortization of net unrecognized loss | 766 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 2,296 |  |  | 2,048 |
Net periodic pension cost | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 2,864 |  |  | $ | 1,412 |

Service cost is recorded as cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations while all other components are recorded in other income.
12. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company holds a variable interest in two joint ventures for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. These joint ventures operate distribution facilities that primarily distribute mining products. Titan is the 50% owner of one of these distribution facilities, which is located in Canada, and the 40% owner of the other such facility, which is located in Australia. The Company’s variable interests in these two joint ventures relate to sales of Titan product to these entities, consigned inventory, and working capital loans. Titan also is party to a joint venture that is the consortium that owns Voltyre-Prom, of which Titan originally was a 43% owner. On July 31, 2019, however, Titan purchased additional shares resulting in a 64.3% ownership in the consortium and the joint venture became a majority owned entity and is no longer a variable interest entity (a VIE). See Note 9 for additional information.
The Company also holds a variable interest in five other entities for which Titan is the primary beneficiary. Each of these entities provides specific manufacturing related services at the Company's Tennessee facility. Titan's variable interest in these entities relates to financial support as Titan provides many of the assets used by these entities in their business. The Company owns no equity in these entities.
As the primary beneficiary of these VIEs', the VIEs’ assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and “Noncontrolling interests” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
15

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of the VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,878 |  |  | $ | 9,064 |
Inventory | 620 |  |  | 12,987 |
Other current assets | 2,778 |  |  | 38,533 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,363 |  |  | 28,057 |
Other long-term assets | — |  |  | 2,971 |
Total assets | $ | 7,639 |  |  | $ | 91,612 |
Current liabilities | $ | 1,190 |  |  | $ | 36,246 |
Other long-term liabilities | 553 |  |  | 6,353 |
Total liabilities | $ | 1,743 |  |  | $ | 42,599 |

All assets in the above table can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE to which the respective assets relate. Liabilities are nonrecourse obligations. Amounts presented in the table above are adjusted for intercompany eliminations.
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated because Titan is not the primary beneficiary. The Company's involvement with these entities is in the form of direct equity interests and prepayments related to purchases of materials. The maximum exposure to loss as reflected in the table below represents the loss of assets recognized by Titan relating to non-consolidated entities and amounts due to the non-consolidated assets. The assets and liabilities recognized in Titan's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to Titan's interest in these non-consolidated VIEs and the Company's maximum exposure to loss related to non-consolidated VIEs as of the dates set forth below were as follows (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Investments | $ | 5,044 |  |  | $ | 3,985 |
Other current assets | — |  |  | 1,200 |
Total VIE assets | 5,044 |  |  | 5,185 |
Accounts payable | 2,353 |  |  | 2,350 |
Maximum exposure to loss | $ | 7,397 |  |  | $ | 7,535 |

13. ROYALTY EXPENSE
The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Each of these agreements is scheduled to expire in 2025. Royalty expenses were $2.5 million and $2.6 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $7.5 million and $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
16

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
14. OTHER INCOME
Other income consisted of the following for the periods set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gain on Wheels India Limited share sale | $ | 4,695 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,695 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investment income | 445 |  |  | 1,016 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  | 3,199 |
Building rental income | 362 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 1,369 |
Interest income | 193 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 1,605 |
(Loss) gain on sale of assets | (59 | ) |  | 246 |  |  | 708 |  |  | 423 |
Other (expense) income | (377 | ) |  | 5,338 |  |  | (1,303 | ) |  | 11,068 |
| $ | 5,259 |  |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 8,324 |  |  | $ | 17,664 |

15. INCOME TAXES
The Company recorded income tax expense of $2.1 million and $2.8 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded income tax expense of $0.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate was (11)% and 51% for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and (3)% and 12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The Company’s 2019 and 2018 income tax expense and rates differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses and partially offset by a reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax positions. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the nine months ended
September 30, 2019 and 2018.
The Company continues to monitor the realization of its deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation allowance. The Company analyzes available positive and negative evidence to determine if a valuation allowance is needed based on the weight of the evidence. This objectively verifiable evidence primarily includes the past three years' profit and loss positions. This process requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that are uncertain in nature. The Company has established valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions and continues to monitor and assess potential valuation allowances in all its jurisdictions.
The 2017 TCJA was enacted on December 22, 2017, and included a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses, including a one-time deemed repatriation of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings and a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Under US GAAP, changes in tax rates and tax law are accounted for in the period of enactment and deferred tax assets and liabilities are re-measured at the enacted tax rate. The re-measured U.S. net deferred asset was fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance in 2017. The Company’s net cumulative undistributed foreign earnings were a cumulative loss and therefore no additional income tax expense related to the one-time deemed repatriation toll charge was recorded in 2017.
The 2017 TCJA also created a new requirement that certain income (i.e., global intangible low taxed income, hereinafter referred to as GILTI) earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder. For 2018 and 2019, the Company has estimated an amount of GILTI income that is included in the calculation of 2018 and 2019 income tax expense. This GILTI income inclusion, however, is fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance.
17

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
16. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share (EPS) were as follows for the periods presented below (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (19,144 | ) |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | $ | (23,590 | ) |  | $ | 28,378 |
Redemption value adjustment | (491 | ) |  | (4,045 | ) |  | (1,928 | ) |  | (11,066 | )
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders | $ | (19,635 | ) |  | $ | (1,750 | ) |  | $ | (25,518 | ) |  | $ | 17,312 |
Determination of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic) | 60,161 |  |  | 59,897 |  |  | 60,037 |  |  | 59,787 |
Effect of equity awards/trusts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted) | 60,161 |  |  | 59,897 |  |  | 60,037 |  |  | 59,893 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted | (0.33 | ) |  | (0.03 | ) |  | (0.43 | ) |  | 0.29 |

The effect of equity awards has been excluded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and for the three months ended September 30, 2018, as the effect would have been antidilutive. The weighted average share amount excluded for equity awards was 9 thousand shares for each the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 18 thousand shares for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
18

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
17. LITIGATION
The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. Due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with, or liabilities pertaining to, legal judgments.
At September 30, 2019, two of Titan’s subsidiaries were involved in litigation concerning environmental laws and regulations.
In June 2015, Titan Tire Corporation (Titan Tire) and Dico, Inc. (Dico) appealed a U.S. District Court order granting the U.S. motion for summary judgment that found Dico liable for violating the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrative Order and awarded response costs, civil penalties, and punitive damages.
In December 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed the District Court’s summary judgment order with respect to “arranger” liability for Titan Tire and Dico under CERCLA and the imposition of punitive damages against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order, but affirmed the summary judgment order imposing civil penalties in the amount of $1.62 million against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order. The case was remanded to the District Court for a new trial on the remaining issues.
The trial occurred in April 2017. On September 5, 2017, the District Court issued an order: (a) concluding Titan Tire and Dico arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a); (b) holding Titan Tire and Dico jointly and severally liable for $5.45 million in response costs previously incurred and reported by the United States relating to the alleged violation, including enforcement costs and attorney’s fees; and (c) awarding a declaratory judgment holding Titan Tire and Dico jointly and severally liable for all additional response costs previously incurred but not yet reported or to be incurred in the future, including enforcement costs and attorney’s fees. The District Court also held Dico liable for $5.45 million in punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 9607(c)(3) for violating a unilateral administrative order. The punitive damages award does not apply to Titan Tire. The Company accrued a contingent liability of $6.5 million, representing $5.45 million in costs incurred by the United States and $1.05 million of additional response costs, for this order in the quarter ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2019, the $6.5 million contingent liability remains outstanding.
Titan Tire and Dico appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On April 11, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the District Court’s September 5, 2017, order. Thereafter, Dico and Titan Tire filed a petition for rehearing with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, which was denied in August 2019. As a result of the current judgment in favor of the United States, and pursuant to Iowa Code § 624.23, a judgment lien exists over Titan Tire’s real property in the State of Iowa. Titan Tire maintains a supersedeas bond in the amount of $6.0 million relating to the judgment. The United States has indicated that it does not currently intend to take steps to execute on this judgment lien in light of ongoing settlement discussions between the parties. However, there can be no assurance that the parties will settle this matter on terms acceptable to the parties.
19

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
18. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has aggregated its operating units into reportable segments based on its three customer markets: agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer. These segments are based on the information used by the Chief Executive Officer to make certain operating decisions, allocate portions of capital expenditures, and assess segment performance. Segment external sales, expenses, and income from operations are determined based on the results of operations for the operating units of the Company's manufacturing facilities. Segment assets are generally determined on the basis of the tangible assets located at such operating units’ manufacturing facilities and the intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of such operating units. However, certain operating units’ property, plant and equipment balances are carried at the corporate level.
Titan is organized primarily on the basis of products being included in three market segments, with each reportable segment including wheels, tires, wheel/tire assemblies, and undercarriage systems and components.
The table below presents information about certain operating results, separated by market segments, for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 156,625 |  |  | $ | 163,367 |  |  | $ | 512,639 |  |  | $ | 544,404 |
Earthmoving/construction | 155,659 |  |  | 180,362 |  |  | 517,186 |  |  | 568,057 |
Consumer | 33,621 |  |  | 40,990 |  |  | 117,051 |  |  | 126,544 |
| $ | 345,905 |  |  | $ | 384,719 |  |  | $ | 1,146,876 |  |  | $ | 1,239,005 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 10,426 |  |  | $ | 19,921 |  |  | $ | 46,798 |  |  | $ | 77,153 |
Earthmoving/construction | 12,935 |  |  | 17,819 |  |  | 50,806 |  |  | 64,541 |
Consumer | 3,739 |  |  | 5,964 |  |  | 13,068 |  |  | 19,883 |
| $ | 27,100 |  |  | $ | 43,704 |  |  | $ | 110,672 |  |  | $ | 161,577 |
(Loss) income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | (1,230 | ) |  | $ | 11,539 |  |  | $ | 17,062 |  |  | $ | 51,862 |
Earthmoving/construction | (2,938 | ) |  | 6,056 |  |  | 8,293 |  |  | 27,584 |
Consumer | (229 | ) |  | 3,225 |  |  | 3,120 |  |  | 10,822 |
Corporate & Unallocated | (8,219 | ) |  | (15,997 | ) |  | (39,385 | ) |  | (47,099 | )
(Loss) income from operations | (12,616 | ) |  | 4,823 |  |  | (10,910 | ) |  | 43,169 |
Interest expense | (8,357 | ) |  | (7,596 | ) |  | (24,585 | ) |  | (22,786 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain | (2,266 | ) |  | 855 |  |  | 2,218 |  |  | (7,187 | )
Other income, net | 5,259 |  |  | 7,437 |  |  | 8,324 |  |  | 17,664 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (17,980 | ) |  | $ | 5,519 |  |  | $ | (24,953 | ) |  | $ | 30,860 |

Assets by segment were as follows as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Total assets |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | $ | 471,906 |  |  | $ | 464,828 |
Earthmoving/construction | 502,030 |  |  | 543,927 |
Consumer | 116,246 |  |  | 129,994 |
Corporate & Unallocated | 99,420 |  |  | 112,507 |
| $ | 1,189,602 |  |  | $ | 1,251,256 |

20

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
19. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Accounting standards for fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are defined as:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Derivative financial instruments asset | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | — |

20. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company sells products and pays commissions to companies controlled by persons related to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, Mr. Maurice Taylor. The related party is Mr. Fred Taylor, who is Mr. Maurice Taylor’s brother. The companies with which Mr. Fred Taylor is associated that do business with Titan include the following: Blacksmith OTR, LLC; F.B.T. Enterprises, Inc.; Green Carbon, Inc.; Silverstone, Inc.; and OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc. Sales of Titan products to these companies were approximately $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Titan had trade receivables due from these companies of approximately $0.2 million at September 30, 2019, and approximately $0.2 million at December 31, 2018. Sales commissions paid to the above companies were approximately $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to $0.4 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
In July 2013, the Company entered into a Shareholders’ Agreement with OEP and RDIF to acquire Voltyre-Prom. Mr. Richard M. Cashin Jr., a director of the Company, is the President of OEP, which owned 21.4% of the joint venture at June 30, 2019. The Shareholders’ Agreement contained a settlement put option which potentially required the Company to purchase equity interests in the joint venture from OEP and RDIF at a value set by the agreement. On January 8, 2019, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from OEP. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company made a payment to OEP in the amount of $16 million representing the majority of the interest on the amount due to OEP. On July 30, 2019, the Titan Purchaser entered into the OEP Agreement with subsidiaries of OEP, relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders’ Agreement that was exercised by OEP. Pursuant to the terms of the OEP Agreement, on July 31, 2019, the Titan Purchaser paid to OEP $30.7 million in cash, which, together with the Titan Purchaser’s prior payment to OEP of $16 million during the second quarter of 2019, were made in full satisfaction of the settlement put option exercised by OEP under the Shareholders’ Agreement. Immediately following the closing, OEP ceased to have any ownership interests in, and the Titan Purchaser and RDIF owned 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, of, Voltyre-Prom. See Note 9 for additional information.
21

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
21. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following for the periods presented below (amounts in thousands):

| Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Unrecognized Losses and Prior Service Cost |  | Total
Balance at July 1, 2019 | $ | (176,290 | ) |  | $ | (31,706 | ) |  | $ | (207,996 | )
Currency translation adjustments | (20,011 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20,011 | )
Defined benefit pension plan entries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of unrecognized losses and prior service cost, net of tax of $79 | — |  |  | 590 |  |  | 590 |
Reclassification as a result of ownership change | (6,203 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,203 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (202,504 | ) |  | $ | (31,116 | ) |  | $ | (233,620 | )

| Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Unrecognized Losses and Prior Service Cost |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | (175,794 | ) |  | $ | (27,777 | ) |  | $ | (203,571 | )
Currency translation adjustments | (20,507 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20,507 | )
Defined benefit pension plan entries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of unrecognized losses and prior service cost, net of tax of $311 | — |  |  | 1,594 |  |  | 1,594 |
Reclassification as a result of ownership change | (6,203 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,203 | )
Reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings - adoption of ASU 2018-02 | — |  |  | (4,933 | ) |  | (4,933 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (202,504 | ) |  | $ | (31,116 | ) |  | $ | (233,620 | )

22. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The senior secured notes are guaranteed by the following wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company: Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport, and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois. The note guarantees are full and unconditional, joint and several obligations of the guarantors. The guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. See the indenture governing the senior secured notes incorporated by reference to the 2018 Form 10-K for additional information. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are presented using the equity method of accounting. Certain sales and marketing expenses recorded by non-guarantor subsidiaries have not been allocated to the guarantor subsidiaries.
22

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 141,133 |  |  | $ | 345,992 |  |  | $ | (141,220 | ) |  | $ | 345,905 |
Cost of sales | 107 |  |  | 134,169 |  |  | 325,749 |  |  | (141,220 | ) |  | 318,805 |
Gross (loss) profit | (107 | ) |  | 6,964 |  |  | 20,243 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,100 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,513 |  |  | 12,094 |  |  | 21,347 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,954 |
Research and development expenses | 276 |  |  | 678 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,309 |
Royalty expense | 679 |  |  | 860 |  |  | 914 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,453 |
Loss from operations | (2,575 | ) |  | (6,668 | ) |  | (3,373 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,616 | )
Interest expense | (7,350 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (1,002 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,357 | )
Intercompany interest income (expense) | 884 |  |  | 841 |  |  | (1,725 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange loss | (47 | ) |  | (152 | ) |  | (2,067 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,266 | )
Other income (expense) | 427 |  |  | (518 | ) |  | 5,350 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,259 |
Loss before income taxes | (8,661 | ) |  | (6,502 | ) |  | (2,817 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17,980 | )
Provision for income taxes | 635 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,064 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | (10,748 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,851 | ) |  | 12,599 |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income | (20,044 | ) |  | (6,628 | ) |  | (5,971 | ) |  | 12,599 |  |  | (20,044 | )
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (900 | ) |  | — |  |  | (900 | )
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (20,044 | ) |  | $ | (6,628 | ) |  | $ | (5,071 | ) |  | $ | 12,599 |  |  | $ | (19,144 | )

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 142,040 |  |  | $ | 384,510 |  |  | $ | (141,831 | ) |  | $ | 384,719 |
Cost of sales | 150 |  |  | 128,270 |  |  | 354,426 |  |  | (141,831 | ) |  | 341,015 |
Gross (loss) profit | (150 | ) |  | 13,770 |  |  | 30,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,704 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 317 |  |  | 14,017 |  |  | 19,375 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,709 |
Research and development expenses | 332 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,591 |
Royalty expense | 594 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,581 |
(Loss) income from operations | (1,393 | ) |  | (2,126 | ) |  | 8,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,823 |
Interest expense | (6,817 | ) |  | — |  |  | (779 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,596 | )
Intercompany interest income (expense) | 634 |  |  | 839 |  |  | (1,473 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange (loss) gain | — |  |  | (57 | ) |  | 912 |  |  | — |  |  | 855 |
Other income (loss) | 5,421 |  |  | (116 | ) |  | 2,132 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,437 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | (2,155 | ) |  | (1,460 | ) |  | 9,134 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,519 |
Provision for income taxes | 423 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 1,804 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,841 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 5,256 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,984 | ) |  | (3,272 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) | 2,678 |  |  | (2,074 | ) |  | 5,346 |  |  | (3,272 | ) |  | 2,678 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan | $ | 2,678 |  |  | $ | (2,074 | ) |  | $ | 4,963 |  |  | $ | (3,272 | ) |  | $ | 2,295 |

23

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 475,652 |  |  | $ | 1,147,568 |  |  | $ | (476,344 | ) |  | $ | 1,146,876 |
Cost of sales | 248 |  |  | 438,535 |  |  | 1,073,765 |  |  | (476,344 | ) |  | 1,036,204 |
Gross (loss) profit | (248 | ) |  | 37,117 |  |  | 73,803 |  |  | — |  |  | 110,672 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,694 |  |  | 35,299 |  |  | 66,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 106,605 |
Research and development expenses | 768 |  |  | 2,263 |  |  | 4,439 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,470 |
Royalty expense | 1,743 |  |  | 3,005 |  |  | 2,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,507 |
Loss from operations | (7,453 | ) |  | (3,450 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10,910 | )
Interest expense | (21,520 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (3,060 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24,585 | )
Intercompany interest income (expense) | 2,158 |  |  | 2,731 |  |  | (4,889 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange (loss) gain | (69 | ) |  | (156 | ) |  | 2,443 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,218 |
Other income (expense) | 1,371 |  |  | (1,596 | ) |  | 8,549 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,324 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | (25,513 | ) |  | (2,476 | ) |  | 3,036 |  |  | — |  |  | (24,953 | )
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | (6,390 | ) |  | 410 |  |  | 6,741 |  |  | — |  |  | 761 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | (6,591 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,320 | ) |  | 7,911 |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income | (25,714 | ) |  | (2,886 | ) |  | (5,025 | ) |  | 7,911 |  |  | (25,714 | )
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,124 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,124 | )
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (25,714 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | ) |  | $ | (2,901 | ) |  | $ | 7,911 |  |  | $ | (23,590 | )

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 479,557 |  |  | $ | 901,279 |  |  | $ | (141,831 | ) |  | $ | 1,239,005 |
Cost of sales | 396 |  |  | 410,008 |  |  | 808,855 |  |  | (141,831 | ) |  | 1,077,428 |
Gross (loss) profit | (396 | ) |  | 69,549 |  |  | 92,424 |  |  | — |  |  | 161,577 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 3,191 |  |  | 46,276 |  |  | 52,841 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,308 |
Research and development expenses | 825 |  |  | 2,905 |  |  | 4,492 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,222 |
Royalty expense | 1,475 |  |  | 3,396 |  |  | 3,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,878 |
(Loss) income from operations | (5,887 | ) |  | 16,972 |  |  | 32,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,169 |
Interest expense | (20,456 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,330 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22,786 | )
Intercompany interest income (expense) | 1,886 |  |  | 2,761 |  |  | (4,647 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange loss | — |  |  | (727 | ) |  | (6,460 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,187 | )
Other income (expense) | 12,051 |  |  | (428 | ) |  | 6,041 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,664 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | (12,406 | ) |  | 18,578 |  |  | 24,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,860 |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | (12,033 | ) |  | 7,918 |  |  | 7,853 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,738 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 27,495 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,459 | ) |  | (26,036 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) | 27,122 |  |  | 10,660 |  |  | 15,376 |  |  | (26,036 | ) |  | 27,122 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,256 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,256 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan | $ | 27,122 |  |  | $ | 10,660 |  |  | $ | 16,632 |  |  | $ | (26,036 | ) |  | $ | 28,378 |

24

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net (loss) income | $ | (20,044 | ) |  | $ | (6,628 | ) |  | $ | (5,971 | ) |  | $ | 12,599 |  |  | $ | (20,044 | )
Currency translation adjustment | (20,324 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20,324 | ) |  | 20,324 |  |  | (20,324 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax | 590 |  |  | 753 |  |  | (163 | ) |  | (590 | ) |  | 590 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (39,778 | ) |  | (5,875 | ) |  | (26,458 | ) |  | 32,333 |  |  | (39,778 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,213 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,213 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (39,778 | ) |  | $ | (5,875 | ) |  | $ | (25,245 | ) |  | $ | 32,333 |  |  | $ | (38,565 | )

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income (loss) | $ | 2,678 |  |  | $ | (2,074 | ) |  | $ | 5,346 |  |  | $ | (3,272 | ) |  | $ | 2,678 |
Currency translation adjustment | (13,577 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,577 | ) |  | 13,577 |  |  | (13,577 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax | 733 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 87 |  |  | (733 | ) |  | 733 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (10,166 | ) |  | (1,428 | ) |  | (8,144 | ) |  | 9,572 |  |  | (10,166 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (811 | ) |  | — |  |  | (811 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (10,166 | ) |  | $ | (1,428 | ) |  | $ | (7,333 | ) |  | $ | 9,572 |  |  | $ | (9,355 | )

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net (loss) income | $ | (25,714 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | ) |  | $ | (5,025 | ) |  | $ | 7,911 |  |  | $ | (25,714 | )
Currency translation adjustment | (19,280 | ) |  | — |  |  | (19,280 | ) |  | 19,280 |  |  | (19,280 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax | 1,594 |  |  | 2,256 |  |  | (662 | ) |  | (1,594 | ) |  | 1,594 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (43,400 | ) |  | (630 | ) |  | (24,967 | ) |  | 25,597 |  |  | (43,400 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (897 | ) |  | — |  |  | (897 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (43,400 | ) |  | $ | (630 | ) |  | $ | (24,070 | ) |  | $ | 25,597 |  |  | $ | (42,503 | )

25

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income (loss) | $ | 27,122 |  |  | $ | 10,660 |  |  | $ | 15,376 |  |  | $ | (26,036 | ) |  | $ | 27,122 |
Currency translation adjustment | (43,853 | ) |  | — |  |  | (43,853 | ) |  | 43,853 |  |  | (43,853 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax | 2,306 |  |  | 1,938 |  |  | 368 |  |  | (2,306 | ) |  | 2,306 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (14,425 | ) |  | 12,598 |  |  | (28,109 | ) |  | 15,511 |  |  | (14,425 | )
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,036 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,036 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Titan | $ | (14,425 | ) |  | $ | 12,598 |  |  | $ | (24,073 | ) |  | $ | 15,511 |  |  | $ | (10,389 | )

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 12,669 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 65,927 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78,603 |
Accounts receivable, net | (596 | ) |  | 71 |  |  | 221,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 221,228 |
Inventories | — |  |  | 49,910 |  |  | 301,961 |  |  | — |  |  | 351,871 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 3,117 |  |  | 17,441 |  |  | 60,134 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,692 |
Total current assets | 15,190 |  |  | 67,429 |  |  | 649,775 |  |  | — |  |  | 732,394 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 11,086 |  |  | 93,010 |  |  | 262,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 366,121 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 760,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,300 |  |  | (824,372 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | 2,722 |  |  | 4,677 |  |  | 83,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,087 |
Total assets | $ | 789,070 |  |  | $ | 165,116 |  |  | $ | 1,059,788 |  |  | $ | (824,372 | ) |  | $ | 1,189,602 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 63,655 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,228 |
Accounts payable | 4,783 |  |  | 29,429 |  |  | 148,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 182,337 |
Other current liabilities | 23,467 |  |  | 21,269 |  |  | 74,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 119,383 |
Total current liabilities | 28,755 |  |  | 50,766 |  |  | 286,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 365,948 |
Long-term debt | 456,156 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 8,452 |  |  | — |  |  | 464,827 |
Other long-term liabilities | 5,204 |  |  | 19,082 |  |  | 61,365 |  |  | — |  |  | 85,651 |
Intercompany accounts | 13,756 |  |  | (411,185 | ) |  | 397,429 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,000 |
Titan shareholders' equity | 285,199 |  |  | 506,234 |  |  | 277,170 |  |  | (824,372 | ) |  | 244,231 |
Noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,945 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,945 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 789,070 |  |  | $ | 165,116 |  |  | $ | 1,059,788 |  |  | $ | (824,372 | ) |  | $ | 1,189,602 |

26

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets December 31, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 23,630 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 58,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81,685 |
Accounts receivable, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 241,832 |  |  | — |  |  | 241,832 |
Inventories | — |  |  | 68,858 |  |  | 326,877 |  |  | — |  |  | 395,735 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 3,853 |  |  | 18,845 |  |  | 37,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,229 |
Total current assets | 27,483 |  |  | 87,707 |  |  | 664,291 |  |  | — |  |  | 779,481 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 12,493 |  |  | 98,856 |  |  | 273,523 |  |  | — |  |  | 384,872 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 749,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 66,308 |  |  | (815,953 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | 6,268 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 79,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 86,903 |
Total assets | $ | 795,889 |  |  | $ | 187,507 |  |  | $ | 1,083,813 |  |  | $ | (815,953 | ) |  | $ | 1,251,256 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,466 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,885 |
Accounts payable | 1,447 |  |  | 29,922 |  |  | 180,760 |  |  | — |  |  | 212,129 |
Other current liabilities | 22,065 |  |  | 20,051 |  |  | 68,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,054 |
Total current liabilities | 23,931 |  |  | 49,973 |  |  | 301,164 |  |  | — |  |  | 375,068 |
Long-term debt | 396,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,872 |  |  | — |  |  | 409,572 |
Other long-term liabilities | 9,268 |  |  | 17,521 |  |  | 49,917 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,706 |
Intercompany accounts | 77,363 |  |  | (390,382 | ) |  | 313,019 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119,813 |  |  | — |  |  | 119,813 |
Titan shareholders' equity | 288,627 |  |  | 510,395 |  |  | 295,979 |  |  | (815,953 | ) |  | 279,048 |
Noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,951 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,951 | )
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 795,889 |  |  | $ | 187,507 |  |  | $ | 1,083,813 |  |  | $ | (815,953 | ) |  | $ | 1,251,256 |

27

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 5,742 |  |  | $ | 22,787 |  |  | $ | 31,212 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (21 | ) |  | (6,207 | ) |  | (20,026 | ) |  | (26,254 | )
Payments related to redeemable noncontrolling interest | (71,722 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (71,722 | )
Other, net | — |  |  | 181 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 1,354 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (71,743 | ) |  | (6,026 | ) |  | (18,853 | ) |  | (96,622 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 73,000 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 50,866 |  |  | 124,153 |
Payment on debt | (14,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | (45,296 | ) |  | (59,296 | )
Dividends paid | (901 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (901 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 58,099 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 5,570 |  |  | 63,956 |
Effect of exchange rate change on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,628 | ) |  | (1,628 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (10,961 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 7,876 |  |  | (3,082 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 23,630 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 58,051 |  |  | 81,685 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 12,669 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 65,927 |  |  | $ | 78,603 |

(Amounts in thousands) | Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidated
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities | $ | (22,905 | ) |  | $ | 3,827 |  |  | $ | (13,628 | ) |  | $ | (32,706 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (259 | ) |  | (3,836 | ) |  | (22,403 | ) |  | (26,498 | )
Other, net | 740 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 743 |  |  | 1,484 |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | 481 |  |  | (3,835 | ) |  | (21,660 | ) |  | (25,014 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,108 |  |  | 48,108 |
Payment on debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,139 | ) |  | (30,139 | )
Dividends paid | (900 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (900 | )
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (900 | ) |  | — |  |  | 17,969 |  |  | 17,069 |
Effect of exchange rate change on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,120 | ) |  | (6,120 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (23,324 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (23,439 | ) |  | (46,771 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 59,740 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 83,817 |  |  | 143,570 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 36,416 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 60,378 |  |  | $ | 96,799 |

28

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
23. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 3, 2019, through one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Company completed the sale of shares of Wheels India Limited (“Wheels India”) in on-market trades on the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. The sale reduced the Company’s indirect ownership interest in Wheels India from approximately 34.2% of the outstanding shares of Wheels India to approximately 23.8%. On October 3, 2019, the Company received net proceeds from the on-market trades of approximately $19 million, net of charges, discounts and commissions, which Titan used to pay down outstanding indebtedness. A gain of $4.7 million was recorded on the transaction in the quarter ended September 30, 2019, based on the date of the trade.
29

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is designed to provide a reader of the financial statements included in this quarterly report with a narrative from the perspective of the management of Titan International, Inc. (Titan or the Company) on Titan's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and other factors that may affect the Company's future results. The MD&A in this quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and other financial information included elsewhere in this quarterly report and the MD&A and audited consolidated financial statements and related notes in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 7, 2019 (the 2018 Form 10-K).
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which are covered by the "Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements" provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. The Company tried to identify forward-looking statements in this quarterly report by using words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” and “believes,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may,” and “could.” These forward-looking statements include, among other items:

• | The Company's financial performance;

• | Anticipated trends in the Company’s business;

• | Expectations with respect to the end-user markets into which the Company sells its products (including agricultural equipment, earthmoving/construction equipment, and consumer products);

• | Future expenditures for capital projects;

• | The Company’s ability to continue to control costs and maintain quality;

• | The Company's ability to meet conditions of loan agreements;

• | The Company’s business strategies, including its intention to introduce new products;

• | Expectations concerning the performance and success of the Company’s existing and new products; and

• | The Company’s intention to consider and pursue acquisition and divestiture opportunities.

Readers of this Form 10-Q should understand that these forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions about future events and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2018 Form 10-K, certain of which are beyond the Company’s control.
Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including:

• | The effect of a recession on the Company and its customers and suppliers;

• | Changes in the Company’s end-user markets into which the Company sells its products as a result of world economic or regulatory influences or otherwise;

• | Changes in the marketplace, including new products and pricing changes by the Company’s competitors;

• | Ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations;

• | Unfavorable outcomes of legal proceedings;

• | The Company's ability to comply with current or future regulations applicable to the Company's business and the industry in which it competes or any actions taken or orders issued by regulatory authorities;

• | Availability and price of raw materials;

• | Levels of operating efficiencies;

• | The effects of the Company's indebtedness and its compliance with the terms thereof;

• | Changes in the interest rate environment and their effects on the Company's outstanding indebtedness;

30

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations

• | Unfavorable product liability and warranty claims;

• | Actions of domestic and foreign governments, including the imposition of additional tariffs;

• | Geopolitical and economic uncertainties relating to the countries in which the Company operates or does business;

• | Risks associated with acquisitions, including difficulty in integrating operations and personnel, disruption of ongoing business, and increased expenses;

• | Results of investments;

• | The effects of potential processes to explore various strategic transactions, including potential dispositions;

• | Fluctuations in currency translations;

• | Climate change and related laws and regulations;

• | Risks associated with environmental laws and regulations;

• | Risks relating to our manufacturing facilities, including that any of our material facilities may become inoperable; and

• | Risks related to financial reporting, internal controls, tax accounting, and information systems.

Any changes in such factors could lead to significantly different results. Any assumptions that are inaccurate or do not prove to be correct could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve the results as indicated in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements included in this report speak only as of the date of this report. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information and assumptions contained in this report will in fact transpire. The reader should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by the Company, or on its behalf. All forward-looking statements attributable to Titan are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.
OVERVIEW
Titan International, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a global manufacturer of off-highway wheels, tires, assemblies and undercarriage products. As a leading manufacturer in the off-highway industry, Titan produces a broad range of products to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and aftermarket customers in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer markets. Titan manufactures and sells certain tires under the Goodyear Farm Tire and Titan Tire brands and has complete research and development test facilities to validate wheel and rim designs.
Agricultural Segment: Titan's agricultural rims, wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components are manufactured for use on various agricultural equipment, including tractors, combines, skidders, plows, planters, and irrigation equipment, and are sold directly to OEMs and to the aftermarket through independent distributors, equipment dealers, and Titan's distribution centers. The wheels and rims range in diameter from nine inches to 54 inches, with the 54 inch diameter being the largest agricultural wheel manufactured in North America. Titan’s agricultural tires range from approximately one foot to approximately seven feet in outside diameter and from five inches to 55 inches in width. The Company offers the added value of delivering a complete wheel and tire assembly to OEM and aftermarket customers.
Earthmoving/Construction Segment: The Company manufactures rims, wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components for various types of off-the-road (OTR) earthmoving, mining, military, construction, and forestry equipment, including skid steers, aerial lifts, cranes, graders and levelers, scrapers, self-propelled shovel loaders, articulated dump trucks, load transporters, haul trucks, backhoe loaders, crawler tractors, lattice cranes, shovels, and hydraulic excavators. The Company provides a broad range of earthmoving/construction wheels and tires with the wheels ranging in diameter from 15 to 63 inches and in weight from 125 to 7,000 pounds, while the tires range from approximately three to 13 feet in outside diameter and weigh between 50 to 12,500 pounds. The Company offers the added value of wheel and tire assembly for certain applications in the earthmoving/construction segment.
Consumer Segment: Titan manufactures bias truck tires in Latin America and light truck tires in Russia. Titan also offers select products for ATVs, turf, and golf cart applications. This segment also includes sales that do not readily fall into the Company's other segments.
31

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The Company’s top customers include global leaders in agricultural and construction equipment manufacturing and include AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., CNH Global N.V., Deere & Company, Hitachi, Ltd., Kubota Corporation, Liebherr, and Volvo, in addition to many other off-highway equipment manufacturers. The Company distributes products to OEMs, independent and OEM-affiliated dealers, and through a network of distribution facilities.
MARKET CONDITIONS AND OUTLOOK
AGRICULTURAL MARKET OUTLOOK
Agriculture-related commodity prices remain low as a result of ongoing tariffs and trade concerns. Within North America, concerns about current economic conditions coupled with extraordinarily bad weather this spring have led farmers to be less inclined to make large investments in their farming equipment. Most major OEMs are forecasting agricultural equipment sales to be flat during the remainder of 2019 within most regions, while after-market spending has been reduced in recent months due to the uncertainty in the market caused by weather and trade. Many variables, including weather, volatility in the price of commodities, grain prices, export markets, foreign currency exchange rates, government policies, subsidies, and the demand for used equipment can greatly impact the Company's performance in the agricultural market in a given period.
EARTHMOVING/CONSTRUCTION MARKET OUTLOOK
The earthmoving/construction market had a strong start in the beginning of 2019, while the second and third quarters experienced declines due to global economic uncertainty. Demand for larger construction equipment used for highways and infrastructure has been steady after several years of strong growth but is starting to show signs of weakening. Mining industry equipment demand is also beginning to soften within certain regions in the back half of 2019. Construction is mainly driven by GDP by country and the need for infrastructure developments. Mining is primarily driven by both the demand for and pricing of commodities. Demand for Titan's products in this market is anticipated to be flat throughout the remainder of 2019. Demand for small and medium-sized earthmoving/construction equipment used in the housing and commercial construction sectors is anticipated to remain flat or decrease slightly. The earthmoving/construction segment is affected by many variables, including commodity prices, road construction, infrastructure, government appropriations, housing starts, and other macroeconomic drivers.
CONSUMER MARKET OUTLOOK
The consumer market consists of several different distinct product lines within different regions. These products include light truck tires, turf equipment, specialty products, and train brakes. Overall, the Company expects flat to modest growth within this market during the remainder of 2019. The consumer segment is affected by many variables including consumer spending, interest rates, government policies, and other macroeconomic drivers.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Titan International, Inc. | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
(amounts in thousands) | September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease)
Net sales | $ | 345,905 |  |  | $ | 384,719 |  |  | (10.1 | )% |  | $ | 1,146,876 |  |  | $ | 1,239,005 |  |  | (7.4 | )%
Gross profit | 27,100 |  |  | 43,704 |  |  | (38.0 | )% |  | 110,672 |  |  | 161,577 |  |  | (31.5 | )%
Gross profit % | 7.8 | % |  | 11.4 | % |  |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | 13.0 | % |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 34,954 |  |  | 33,709 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 106,605 |  |  | 102,308 |  |  | 4.2 | %
Research and development expenses | 2,309 |  |  | 2,591 |  |  | (10.9 | )% |  | 7,470 |  |  | 8,222 |  |  | (9.1 | )%
Royalty expense | 2,453 |  |  | 2,581 |  |  | (5.0 | )% |  | 7,507 |  |  | 7,878 |  |  | (4.7 | )%
(Loss) income from operations | (12,616 | ) |  | 4,823 |  |  | (361.6 | )% |  | (10,910 | ) |  | 43,169 |  |  | (125.3 | )%

32

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net Sales
Net sales for the third quarter of 2019 were $345.9 million, compared to $384.7 million in the comparable quarter of 2018, a decrease of 10.1% driven by sales decreases in all segments. Overall net sales volume was down 6.9% from the comparable prior year quarter, due primarily to ongoing challenges in North America's agriculture economy, and a slowing of global construction market conditions, particularly in Asia and Australia. Global trade issues are the primary factor for the market challenges that are currently being encountered. Unfavorable changes in price/mix and currency translation negatively impacted net sales by 1.6%, respectively, primarily reflecting pricing adjustments for lower raw material costs.
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $1,146.9 million, compared to $1,239.0 million in the comparable period of 2018, a decrease of 7.4% driven by sales decreases in all segments. Overall net sales volume was down 4.8% from the comparable prior year period, due primarily to the aforementioned macroeconomic factors. The Company has faced specific market challenges in Russia, along with economic softness in agriculture in North America and Europe as well as a tightening of the construction market in our undercarriage business. Unfavorable currency translation further decreased net sales by 3.8%, which was partially offset with a favorable price/mix of 1.2% on net sales.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the third quarter of 2019 was $27.1 million, or 7.8% of net sales, down $16.6 million compared to $43.7 million, or 11.4% of net sales, for the third quarter of 2018. The decrease in gross profit was driven by the impact of lower sales volume across most geographic regions and the significant impact on production efficiencies, along with unfavorable currency impact especially in Europe and Latin America. In addition, the Company continued to experience underperformance in its North American Wheel operations from reductions of steel inventory at higher than current prices, which had a negative impact on gross profit by approximately $7 million during the quarter.
Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $110.7 million, or 9.6% of net sales, compared to $161.6 million, or 13.0% of net sales, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to a decrease of sales in all segments which resulted from lower volume and unfavorable currency impact particularly in Europe and Latin America, caused by the same factors described for the third quarter results. In addition, the Company experienced underperformance in its North American Wheel operations from reductions of steel inventory at higher than current prices, which had a negative impact on gross profit by approximately $15 million during the period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for the third quarter of 2019 were $35.0 million, or 10.1% of net sales, compared to $33.7 million, or 8.8% of net sales, for the third quarter of 2018. The increase in SG&A was driven primarily by costs related to preparation for the Company's proposed ITM undercarriage business public listing of $2.3 million, which has been postponed. SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $106.6 million, or 9.3% of net sales, compared to $102.3 million, or 8.3% of net sales, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The $4.3 million increase was due to costs related to the postponed ITM public listing process and certain investments in information technology in North America.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development (R&D) expenses for the third quarter of 2019 were $2.3 million, or 0.7% of net sales, compared to $2.6 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for the third quarter of 2018. R&D expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $7.5 million, or 0.7% of net sales, were slightly favorable compared to $8.2 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for the comparable period in 2018. R&D spending reflects initiatives to improve product designs and an ongoing focus on quality.
Royalty Expense
The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Each of these agreements is scheduled to expire in 2025.
Royalty expenses for the third quarter of 2019 were $2.5 million, or 0.7% of net sales, compared to $2.6 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for the third quarter of 2018. Royalty expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $7.5 million, or 0.7% of net sales, compared to $7.9 million, or 0.6% of net sales, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
33

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Income (Loss) from Operations
Loss from operations for the third quarter of 2019 was $12.6 million, compared to income of $4.8 million for the third quarter of 2018. Loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $10.9 million, compared to income of $43.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in income from operations for each of these periods was primarily driven by lower net sales and the net result of the items previously discussed in this quarterly report.
OTHER PROFIT/LOSS ITEMS
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $8.4 million and $7.6 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $24.6 million and $22.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to increased borrowings under Titan's revolving credit facility and increases in borrowing rates.
Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss)
Foreign exchange loss was $2.3 million for the third quarter of 2019, compared to a gain of $0.9 million for the third quarter of 2018. Foreign exchange gain was $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to loss of $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Foreign currency gain or loss is the result of the translation of intercompany loans at certain foreign subsidiaries which are denominated in local currencies rather than the reporting currency, which is the United States dollar. Since such loans are expected to be settled in cash at some point in the future, these loans are adjusted each reporting period to reflect the current exchange rates.
Other Income
Other income was $5.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $7.4 million in the comparable quarter of 2018. The decrease in other income for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily attributable to a non-recurring legal settlement in 2018 partially offset by a $4.7 million gain on the sale of shares of our investment in Wheels India Limited in September 2019.
Other income was $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $17.7 million in the comparable period of 2018. The decrease in other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the comparable period in 2018 was primarily attributable to a non-recurring legal settlement in 2018, partially offset by a gain on the sale of shares of our investment in Wheels India Limited in September 2019.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The Company recorded income tax expense of $2.1 million and $2.8 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded income tax expense of $0.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate was (11)% and 51% for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and (3)% and 12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The Company’s 2019 and 2018 income tax expense and rates differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses and a reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax positions. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Net Income (Loss) and Earnings (Loss) per Share
Net loss for the third quarter of 2019 was $20.0 million, compared to net income of $2.7 million in the comparable quarter of 2018. For the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share were $(0.33) and $(0.03), respectively. The Company's net loss and earnings per share were due to the items previously discussed.
Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $25.7 million, compared to net income of $27.1 million in the comparable period of 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share were $(0.43) and $0.29, respectively. The Company's net loss and earnings per share were due to the items previously discussed.
34

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Segment Summary (amounts in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Agricultural |  | Earthmoving/ Construction |  | Consumer |  | Corporate/ Unallocated Expenses |  | Consolidated Totals
Net sales |  | $ | 156,625 |  |  | $ | 155,659 |  |  | $ | 33,621 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 345,905 |
Gross profit |  | 10,426 |  |  | 12,935 |  |  | 3,739 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,100 |
Loss from operations |  | (1,230 | ) |  | (2,938 | ) |  | (229 | ) |  | (8,219 | ) |  | (12,616 | )
Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 163,367 |  |  | $ | 180,362 |  |  | $ | 40,990 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 384,719 |
Gross profit |  | 19,921 |  |  | 17,819 |  |  | 5,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,704 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 11,539 |  |  | 6,056 |  |  | 3,225 |  |  | (15,997 | ) |  | 4,823 |

Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Agricultural |  | Earthmoving/ Construction |  | Consumer |  | Corporate/ Unallocated Expenses |  | Consolidated Totals
Net sales |  | $ | 512,639 |  |  | $ | 517,186 |  |  | $ | 117,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,146,876 |
Gross profit |  | 46,798 |  |  | 50,806 |  |  | 13,068 |  |  | — |  |  | 110,672 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 17,062 |  |  | 8,293 |  |  | 3,120 |  |  | (39,385 | ) |  | (10,910 | )
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 544,404 |  |  | $ | 568,057 |  |  | $ | 126,544 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,239,005 |
Gross profit |  | 77,153 |  |  | 64,541 |  |  | 19,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 161,577 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | 51,862 |  |  | 27,584 |  |  | 10,822 |  |  | (47,099 | ) |  | 43,169 |

Agricultural Segment Results
Agricultural segment results for the periods presented below were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands) | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease)
Net sales | $ | 156,625 |  |  | $ | 163,367 |  |  | (4.1 | )% |  | $ | 512,639 |  |  | $ | 544,404 |  |  | (5.8 | )%
Gross profit | 10,426 |  |  | 19,921 |  |  | (47.7 | )% |  | 46,798 |  |  | 77,153 |  |  | (39.3 | )%
(Loss) income from operations | (1,230 | ) |  | 11,539 |  |  | (110.7 | )% |  | 17,062 |  |  | 51,862 |  |  | (67.1 | )%

35

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net sales in the agricultural segment were $156.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $163.4 million for the comparable period in 2018, a decrease of 4.1%. Lower sales volume contributed 0.6% of this decrease while unfavorable currency translation, primarily in Latin America and Europe, decreased net sales by 1.1%. Unfavorable price/mix further decreased net sales by 2.4%, primarily reflecting price adjustments related to lower raw material costs. Lower sales volumes were primarily caused by challenging market conditions and economic softness in most geographies as well as ongoing global trade issues, which continue to cause significant uncertainty for customers.
Gross profit in the agricultural segment was $10.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $19.9 million in the comparable quarter of 2018. The Company continued to experience underperformance in its North American Wheel operations from reductions of steel inventory at higher than current prices, which compressed gross profit by approximately $6 million during the quarter. In addition, unfavorable foreign currency translation and the impact of lower sales volume, especially in Russia and Europe, contributed to the decrease in gross profit.
Net sales in the agricultural segment were $512.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $544.4 million for the comparable period in 2018, a decrease of 5.8%. Lower sales volumes contributed 3.3% of this decrease while unfavorable currency translation in all international locations further decreased net sales by 3.6%. Favorable price/mix partially offset these decreases with a 1.1% positive impact on net sales. Lower sales volumes were primarily a result of the difficult market conditions due to global trade issues, a volatile agriculture economy and adverse weather conditions in North America during the majority of the first nine months of 2019.
Gross profit in the agricultural segment was $46.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $77.2 million in the comparable period of 2018. Lower sales volume, unfavorable foreign currency translation and production inefficiencies drove the overall decrease in gross profit. In addition, the Company experienced underperformance in its North American Wheel operations from reductions of steel inventory at higher than current prices, which compressed gross profit by approximately $12 million during the period. Income from operations in the agricultural segment was $17.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $51.9 million for the comparable period in 2018.
Earthmoving/Construction Segment Results
Earthmoving/construction segment results for the periods presented below were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands) | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease)
Net sales | $ | 155,659 |  |  | $ | 180,362 |  |  | (13.7 | )% |  | $ | 517,186 |  |  | $ | 568,057 |  |  | (9.0 | )%
Gross profit | 12,935 |  |  | 17,819 |  |  | (27.4 | )% |  | 50,806 |  |  | 64,541 |  |  | (21.3 | )%
(Loss) income from operations | (2,938 | ) |  | 6,056 |  |  | (148.5 | )% |  | 8,293 |  |  | 27,584 |  |  | (69.9 | )%

The Company's earthmoving/construction segment net sales were $155.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $180.4 million in the comparable quarter of 2018, a decrease of 13.7%. The decrease in earthmoving/construction sales was driven by decreased volume, which negatively impacted net sales by 9.3%. This decrease was primarily due to a tightening within the construction market in our undercarriage business, in all geographies, with the exception of Latin America. Unfavorable currency translation across most non-US geographies and an unfavorable price mix decreased net sales by 2.1% and 2.3%, respectively.
Gross profit in the earthmoving/construction segment was $12.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $17.8 million in the comparable quarter of 2018. The decrease in gross profit was primarily driven by the lower sales volume, which created certain production inefficiencies, and from unfavorable foreign currency translation. In addition, the Company has shifted its focus in the market, and as a result, has been liquidating certain tire inventories, which have been sold at lower than traditional margins. The Company's earthmoving/construction segment loss from operations was $2.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to income of $6.1 million for the comparable quarter of 2018.
36

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The Company's earthmoving/construction segment net sales were $517.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $568.1 million in the comparable period of 2018, a decrease of 9.0%. The decrease in earthmoving/construction sales was driven by decreased volume, which negatively impacted net sales by 5.4%. This decrease was primarily caused by a tightening within the construction market in our undercarriage business and the Company's shift in market focus in Australia, described earlier. Unfavorable currency translation across all non-US geographies decreased net sales by 3.9%, which was partially offset by a favorable price/mix of 0.3%.
Gross profit in the earthmoving/construction segment was $50.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $64.5 million in the comparable period of 2018. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to lower sales volume and unfavorable foreign currency translation. The Company's earthmoving/construction segment income from operations was $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $27.6 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Consumer Segment Results
Consumer segment results for the periods presented below were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands) | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Increase/(Decrease)
Net sales | $ | 33,621 |  |  | $ | 40,990 |  |  | (18.0 | )% |  | $ | 117,051 |  |  | $ | 126,544 |  |  | (7.5 | )%
Gross profit | 3,739 |  |  | 5,964 |  |  | (37.3 | )% |  | 13,068 |  |  | 19,883 |  |  | (34.3 | )%
(Loss) income from operations | (229 | ) |  | 3,225 |  |  | (107.1 | )% |  | 3,120 |  |  | 10,822 |  |  | (71.2 | )%

Consumer segment net sales were $33.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $41.0 million in the comparable quarter of 2018, a decrease of approximately 18.0%. This decrease was driven by lower sales volume, especially in Latin America and Australia, which negatively impacted net sales by 21.3% and unfavorable currency translation, which decreased net sales by 1.0%. Favorable price/mix positively contributed 4.3% to net sales, partially offsetting the aforementioned variables.
Gross profit from the consumer segment was $3.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $6.0 million for the comparable quarter of 2018 due primarily to lower sales volume, especially in Latin America and Russia, in the light and utility truck markets. Consumer segment loss from operations was $0.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to income of $3.2 million for the comparable quarter of 2018.
Consumer segment net sales were $117.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $126.5 million in the comparable period of 2018, a decrease of approximately 7.5%. This decrease was primarily due to lower sales volume in Latin America and Russia and unfavorable currency translation in Latin America, Russia and Europe, which negatively impacted net sales by 8.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Favorable price/mix partially offset the aforementioned variables and contributed 5.9% to net sales.
Gross profit from the consumer segment was $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $19.9 million for the comparable period of 2018. Consumer segment income from operations was $3.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $10.8 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Corporate & Unallocated Expenses
Income from operations on a segment basis did not include corporate expenses totaling $8.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, and $39.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $16.0 million for the comparable quarter of 2018 and $47.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
37

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $78.6 million of cash, a decrease of $3.1 million from December 31, 2018, due to the following items:
Operating Cash Flows
Summary of cash flows from operating activities:

(Amounts in thousands) | Nine months ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Net (loss) income | $ | (25,714 | ) |  | $ | 27,122 |  |  | $ | (52,836 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 41,347 |  |  | 43,395 |  |  | (2,048 | )
Deferred income tax provision | (738 | ) |  | (863 | ) |  | 125 |
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss | (2,327 | ) |  | 3,667 |  |  | (5,994 | )
Accounts receivable | 16,124 |  |  | (52,818 | ) |  | 68,942 |
Inventories | 36,920 |  |  | (62,560 | ) |  | 99,480 |
Prepaid and other current assets | (3,073 | ) |  | 2,299 |  |  | (5,372 | )
Accounts payable | (24,998 | ) |  | 25,213 |  |  | (50,211 | )
Other current liabilities | 3,634 |  |  | (5,072 | ) |  | 8,706 |
Other liabilities | (5,884 | ) |  | (8,336 | ) |  | 2,452 |
Other operating activities | (4,079 | ) |  | (4,753 | ) |  | 674 |
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | 31,212 |  |  | $ | (32,706 | ) |  | $ | 63,918 |

In the first nine months of 2019, operating activities provided $31.2 million of cash, including a positive impact from decreases in accounts receivable of $16.1 million and inventory of $36.9 million, partially offset by a $25.0 million decrease in accounts payable. Included in the net loss of $25.7 million were non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $41.3 million, a foreign currency translation gain of $2.3 million, and a $4.7 million gain on the sale of shares of Wheels India Limited.
Operating cash flows increased $63.9 million when comparing the first nine months of 2019 to the comparable period in 2018. Net income in the first nine months of 2019 decreased $52.8 million from income in the first nine months of 2018. When comparing the first nine months of 2019 to the comparable period in 2018, cash flows from operating activities increased in inventories and accounts receivable by $99.5 million and $68.9 million, respectively.
Summary of the components of cash conversion cycle:

| September 30, |  | December 31, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
Days sales outstanding | 58 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 62 |
Days inventory outstanding | 108 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 106 |
Days payable outstanding | (56 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | (58 | )
Cash conversion cycle | 110 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 110 |

38

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Investing Cash Flows
Summary of cash flows from investing activities:

(Amounts in thousands) | Nine months ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Capital expenditures | $ | (26,254 | ) |  | $ | (26,498 | ) |  | $ | 244 |
Payments related to redeemable noncontrolling interest | (71,722 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71,722 | )
Other investing activities | 1,354 |  |  | 1,484 |  |  | (130 | )
Cash used for investing activities | $ | (96,622 | ) |  | $ | (25,014 | ) |  | $ | (71,608 | )

Net cash used for investing activities was $96.6 million in the first nine months of 2019, as compared to $25.0 million in the first nine months of 2018. The Company made payments of $72 million related to satisfaction of obligations relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders’ Agreement in the first nine months of 2019. The Company invested a total of $26.3 million in capital expenditures in the first nine months of 2019, compared to $26.5 million in the comparable period of 2018. The expenditures during the first nine months of 2019 and 2018 represent various equipment purchases and improvements to enhance production capabilities of Titan's existing business and to maintain existing equipment.
Financing Cash Flows
Summary of cash flows from financing activities:

(Amounts in thousands) | Nine months ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Proceeds from borrowings | $ | 124,153 |  |  | $ | 48,108 |  |  | $ | 76,045 |
Payment on debt | (59,296 | ) |  | (30,139 | ) |  | (29,157 | )
Dividends paid | (901 | ) |  | (900 | ) |  | (1 | )
Cash provided by financing activities | $ | 63,956 |  |  | $ | 17,069 |  |  | $ | 46,887 |

In the first nine months of 2019, $64.0 million of cash was provided by financing activities. This cash was primarily provided through debt financing, with proceeds from borrowings providing $124.2 million, offset by payments on debt of $59.3 million.
Debt Restrictions
The Company’s revolving credit facility (credit facility) and indenture relating to the 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 contain various restrictions, including:

• | When remaining availability under the credit facility is less than 10% of the total commitment under the credit facility ($12.5 million as of September 30, 2019), the Company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 (calculated quarterly on a trailing four quarter basis);

• | Limits on dividends and repurchases of the Company’s stock;

• | Restrictions on the ability of the Company to make additional borrowings, or to consolidate, merge, or otherwise fundamentally change the ownership of the Company;

• | Limitations on investments, dispositions of assets, and guarantees of indebtedness; and

• | Other customary affirmative and negative covenants.

These restrictions could limit the Company’s ability to respond to market conditions, provide for unanticipated capital investments, raise additional debt or equity capital, pay dividends, or take advantage of business opportunities, including future acquisitions.
39

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Liquidity Outlook
At September 30, 2019, the Company had $78.6 million of cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2019, under the Company's $125 million credit facility, there were $59 million in borrowings, a $10.3 million letter of credit, and the amount available totaled $37.3 million. Titan's availability under this credit facility may be less than $125 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit and eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain domestic subsidiaries. The cash and cash equivalents balance of $78.6 million included $61.3 million held in foreign countries. The Company's current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate the foreign amounts to fund U.S. operations. As a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company can repatriate the cumulative undistributed foreign earnings back to the U.S. when needed with minimal additional taxes other than state income and foreign withholding tax. Titan expects to contribute approximately $1.0 million to its defined benefit pension plans during the remainder of 2019.
On October 3, 2019, through one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Company completed the sale of shares of Wheels India
Limited (“Wheels India”) in on-market trades on the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. On October 3, 2019, the Company received net proceeds from the on-market trades of approximately $19 million, net of charges, discounts and commissions, which Titan used to pay down outstanding indebtedness. The Company plans to make additional payments on its U.S. credit facility with reductions in working capital and additional non-core asset sales.
Total capital expenditures for 2019 are forecasted to be approximately $40 million. Cash payments for interest are currently forecasted to be approximately $15 million for the last three months of 2019 based on September 30, 2019, debt balances. The forecasted interest payments are comprised primarily of the semi-annual payment of approximately $13 million (paid in May and November) for the 6.50% senior secured notes.
In the future, Titan may seek to grow by making acquisitions, which will depend in large part on its ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate acceptable terms for their acquisition, finance those acquisitions, and successfully integrate the acquired assets or business.
Subject to the terms of the agreements governing Titan's outstanding indebtedness, the Company may finance future acquisitions with cash on hand, cash from operations, additional indebtedness, issuing additional equity securities, divestitures, and alternative financing options.
Cash and cash equivalents, totaling $78.6 million at September 30, 2019, along with anticipated internal cash flows from operations and utilization of remaining available borrowings, are expected to provide sufficient liquidity for working capital needs, debt maturities, and capital expenditures. Potential divestitures and unencumbered assets are also a means to provide for future liquidity needs.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
There were no material changes in the Company’s Critical Accounting Estimates since the filing of the 2018 Form 10-K. As discussed in the 2018 Form 10-K, the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. Also see Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in Part I, Item 1, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of the Company’s updated accounting policies, including with respect to revenue recognition and leases.
40

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
See Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in the 2018 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in this information.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, Titan's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Titan in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported accurately and within the time frames specified in the SEC's rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the third quarter of fiscal 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
Because of its inherent limitations, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur due to simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
41

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject, from time to time, to certain legal proceedings and claims arising out of the normal course of its business, which cover a wide range of matters, including environmental issues, product liability, contracts, and labor and employment matters. See Note 17. Litigation in Part I, Item 1, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors to the 2018 Form 10-K.
Item 6. Exhibits

10 | Sale Purchase Agreement among OEP Tire Russia L.P., Titan Luxembourg S.A.R.L., OEP II Partners Co-Invest, L.P. and One Equity Partners V, L.P., dated July 30, 2019
31.1 | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

42

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
| (Registrant)

Date: | November 6, 2019 | By: | /s/ PAUL G. REITZ
|  |  | Paul G. Reitz
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)

| By: | /s/ DAVID A. MARTIN
|  | David A. Martin
|  | SVP and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer)

43