XML 33 R22.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
v3.24.3

Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
--- | ---
Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of ProPetro Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries (the "Company," "we," "us" or "our") have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial information and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for annual financial statements. Those adjustments (which consisted of normal recurring accruals) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods have been made. Results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year due to changes in market conditions and other factors. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC (our "Form 10-K").
Revenue Recognition | The Company’s services are sold based upon contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Hydraulic fracturing is an oil well completion technique, which is part of the overall well completion process. It is a well-stimulation technique intended to optimize hydrocarbon flow paths during the completion phase of shale wellbores. The process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under high pressure into shale formations. Our hydraulic fracturing contracts with our customers have one performance obligation, which is the contracted total stages, satisfied over time. We recognize revenue over time using a progress output, unit-of-work performed method, which is based on the agreed fixed transaction price and actual stages completed. We believe that recognizing revenue based on actual stages completed accurately depicts how our hydraulic fracturing services are transferred to our customers over time. In addition, certain of our hydraulic fracturing equipment may be entitled to reservation fee charges if a customer were to reserve committed hydraulic fracturing equipment. The Company recognizes revenue related to reservation fee charges on a daily basis as the performance obligations are met. We also deliver wet sand to customer oil well sites for use in the hydraulic fracturing process. The Company recognizes revenue related to its sale of sand and delivery service as it fulfills sand deliveries to the customer. Acidizing, which is part of our hydraulic fracturing operating segment, involves a well-stimulation technique where acid or similar chemicals are injected under pressure into formations to form or expand fissures. Our acidizing contracts have one performance obligatio n, s atisfied at a point-in-time, upon completion of the contracted service or sale of the acid or chemical when control is transferred to the customer. Jobs for these services are typically short term in nature, with most jobs completed in less than a day. We recognize acidizing revenue at a point-in-time, upon completion of the performance obligation. Our cementing services use pressure pumping equipment to deliver a slurry of liquid cement that is pumped down a well between the casing and the borehole. Our cementing contracts have one performance obligation, satisfied at a point-in-time, upon completion of the contracted service when control is transferred to the customer. Jobs for these services are typically short term in nature, with most jobs completed in less than a day. We recognize cementing revenue at a point-in-time, upon completion of the performance obligation. Wireline services (including pumpdown) are oil well completion techniques, which are part of the well completion process. Our wireline services utilize equipment with a drum of wireline to deploy perforating guns in the well to perforate the casing, cement, and formation. Once the well is perforated, the well can be fractured. Pumpdown utilizes pressure pumping equipment to pump water into the well to deploy perforating guns attached to wireline through the lateral section of a well. Our wireline contracts with our customers have one performance obligation, which is the contracted total stages, satisfied over time. We recognize revenue over time using a progress output, unit-of-work performed method, which is based on the agreed fixed transaction price and actual stages completed. We believe that recognizing revenue based on actual stages completed accurately depicts how our wireline services are transferred to our customers over time. In addition, certain of our wireline equipment is entitled to daily equipment charges while the equipment is on the customer’s locations. The Company recognizes revenue related to daily equipment charges on a daily basis as the performance obligations are met. The transaction price for each performance obligation for all our completion services is fixed per our contracts with our customers.
Accounts Receivable | Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed and billable to customers.
Allowance for Credit Losses | Our allowance for credit losses is based on the evaluation of both our historic collection experience and the economic outlook for the oil and gas industry. We evaluated the historic loss experience on our accounts receivable and also separately considered customers with receivable balances that may be negatively impacted by current or future economic developments and market conditions. While the Company has not experienced significant credit losses in the past and has not yet seen material adverse changes to the payment patterns of its customers, the Company cannot predict with any certainty the degree to which the impacts of depressed economic activities, including the potential impact of periodically adjusted borrowing base limits, level of hedged production, or unforeseen well shut-downs may affect the ability of its customers to timely pay receivables when due. Accordingly, in future periods, the Company may revise its estimates of expected credit losses.
Customer Cash Advances | We have received cash advances from a customer in connection with our contract with the customer to provide FORCE® electric-powered hydraulic fracturing equipment and services. These cash advances from the customer will be credited towards the customer’s invoice as our revenue performance obligations are met over the contract period. The cash advances received represent contract liabilities in connection with the performance of certain completion services.
Reclassification of Prior Period Presentation | Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period segment information to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on our balance sheet, operating and net income (loss) or cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. The write-offs of remaining book value of prematurely failed power ends are recorded as loss on disposal of assets in 2024.
Share Repurchases | All shares of common stock repurchased through the Company's share repurchase program are retired upon repurchase. The Company accounts for the purchase price of repurchased common stock in excess of par value ($0.001 per share of common stock) as a reduction of additional paid-in capital, and will continue to do so until additional paid-in capital is reduced to zero. Thereafter, any excess purchase price will be recorded as a reduction of retained earnings or an increase in accumulated deficit.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards | Recently Issued Accounting Standards In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification” or "ASC"). The amendments in the ASU represent changes to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. ASU 2023-06 will become effective for each amendment on the effective date of the SEC's corresponding disclosure rule changes. We do not expect ASU No. 2023-06 to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose on an annual and interim basis, 1) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”) and 2) an amount for other segment items representing the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This ASU also requires public entities to provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, clarifies that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit or loss but at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures (or the single reported measure, if only one is disclosed) should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles under GAAP. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, and requires a public entity that has a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt ASU No. 2023-07. This ASU will result in additional disclosures in our Reportable Segment Information note, but will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregation of certain components included in the Company’s effective tax rate and income taxes paid disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently assessing the impact of ASU No. 2023-09 on our income tax disclosures.
Fair Value Measurement | Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches and establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used, when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the assumptions other market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these instruments does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Level 2 — Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 942 -SubTopic 210 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for credit loss on financial instrument measured at amortized cost basis, net investment in lease, off-balance sheet credit exposure, and available-for-sale debt security. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology used to estimate allowance for credit loss, how writeoff of uncollectible amount is recognized, and determination of past due status and nonaccrual status. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.M.2.Q4) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483530/326-20-S99-1 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-14 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 30 -Paragraph 5A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479391/326-20-30-5A Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3C -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-3C Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 35 -Paragraph 8A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479366/326-20-35-8A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3D -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-3D Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 45 -Paragraph 5 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-5 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 30 -Paragraph 1B -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479175/326-30-30-1B Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3C -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-3C Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-3A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3D -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-3D Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 35 -Paragraph 13A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479148/326-30-35-13A Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 30 -Paragraph 4A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479391/326-20-30-4A Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 35 -Paragraph 7A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479148/326-30-35-7A Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-21 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-11 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-7 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 326 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-17 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_CreditLossFinancialInstrumentPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassification affecting comparability of financial statement. Excludes amendment to accounting standards, other change in accounting principle, and correction of error. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 205 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483504/205-10-50-1 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-17 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-19 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 18 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 18 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (e) -SubTopic 10 -Topic 235 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent + Details
Name: | us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for its capital stock transactions, including dividends and accumulated other comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -SubTopic 10 -Topic 505 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-1 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_StockholdersEquityPolicyTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for accounts receivable. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-6 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481569/310-20-50-1 Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-15 Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 11B -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-11B + Details
Name: | us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration